Municipal autonomous educational institution

Lyceum No. 10 of the city of Sovetsk, Kaliningrad region

Individual design work

Subject: social project.

"Kind heart"

Completed by: Khojayan N.N.

Student of class 10 "A"

Head: Susanna Vladimirovna Khachaturyan,

educational psychologist.

Sovetsk, 2016

Content:

……………………….......10

2.2 Correctional work with disabled children………………11

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………12

Introduction

Relevance of the project:

In the modern world, there has been a split in society - rich and poor people, wealthy and those in dire need. The most vulnerable segments of the population were the elderly, children, the poor, the disabled, and those with many children. The economic crisis has changed the worldview of people, especially teenagers.

The project creates conditions for the manifestation of the best human qualities of a Russian citizen.

Ultimately, showing mercy can lead to philanthropy and the desire to help other people.

Problem:

Children with disabilities are ordinary children, just like everyone else. They love to communicate, play, draw, sing, but due to illness they are often forced to be in a confined space. The world around them is their parents, the room in which they live and disabled carriage. Such children rarely communicate with peers, learn new things that are happening in the world, except through the Internet. Gradually, such a child withdraws into himself and learns too early what loneliness is. When a child grows up and realizes that his illness is incurable, his psyche begins to suffer. So let’s prove together that a disabled child is a full-fledged member of society, and also think about measures to help!

PROJECT HYPOTHESIS

If you form in a child an image of a world in which an active creative personality finds application for his efforts, without destroying the environment or injuring other living organisms, then he will be able to confidently find an optimally suitable place for himself in any social environment.

Object of study : the process of socialization of children with disabilities.

Subject of study: design of social work with disabled children in the conditions of MAOUlitseya 10, Sovetsk

Objective of the project :

To adapt children with disabilities into the social environment of ordinary schoolchildren, to convey to the students of our school and their parents the idea of ​​mercy, to acquaint society with the characteristics of disability, to explain the general patterns of development of normal and abnormal children. It is necessary that healthy people, healthy children, do not avoid disabled children, but be able to communicate with those who have fewer opportunities than them.

Project objectives:

implementation of measures to provide practical assistance to persons in need of social support, including orphans, disabled children, veterans;

facilitating the adaptation of children to life in society, including providing a barrier-free living environment for disabled children and orphans;

developing initiatives among members of the children's organization to help sick peers, encouraging their personal desire to voluntarily and selflessly take care of them;

the formation of mercy and tolerance, enriching the emotional world of schoolchildren with moral experiences.

At the first stage:

a study of statistical data was carried out, a children's centerday stay "Amber Bridge".

a survey was conductedstudents7 classes “Study of value orientations”

At the second stage :

visits rehabilitation center, conducting games, correctional classes with the Pertra Psychologist Set.

Conducting fairy tale therapy “Two Planets” with disabled children and 6th grade students.

Expected results :

To expand the sphere of communication between students of Lyceum No. 10 and disabled children.

Creating living conditions for the child that would allow the child to develop normally.

Develop healthy lifestyle habits among students

To develop communicative competence among students

We predict an increase in the level of conscious behavior and compliance with social rules of behavior in society.

Participants in this project will not doubt what needs to be done if they encounter a person who needs all possible help.

Research methods:

Studying children's statisticscenter day stay "Amber Bridge" for disabled children.

Information and analytical: analysis of scientific literature on the topic of tolerance, valeological competence, disability, etc.

Correctional classes for disabled children.

Artistic and aesthetic.

Project participants:

Students of Lyceum No. 10 and disabled children of the Amber Bridge rehabilitation center in Sovetsk. "Amber Bridge"was created in 2005. at the voluntary request of the parents and the moral support of Doctor of Medical Sciences Karin Plagemann, a native of the city of Tilsit (Sovetsk, Kaliningrad region). Irina Cherevichkina was elected Chairman of the Organization by the general meeting. Today the Organization has 15 families and is open to everyone who is faced with difficult situation health of children in their families.The main goals of the organization are to promote:

improvement life situation disabled children and their families;

raising awareness about care and rehabilitation activities.

1.Theoretical foundations of the social project

1.1.What is tolerance and why should it be cultivated?

“Be able to feel the person next to you, be able to understand his soul, see in his eyes the complex spiritual world - joy, grief, misfortune, misfortune. Think and feel how your actions can affect the state of mind of another person.”

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Aggression, violence and cruelty, broadcast today through the media, including TV and cinema, as well as through computer games, provide negative impact on the minds and souls of the younger generation. There is an obvious lack of positive example, good attitude towards people and nature. Monstrous cases of aggression among students towards their peers, which have become more frequent in Lately, as well as other people, animal cruelty and vandalism make us take this problem seriously. The devaluation of family values, the replacement of moral principles with the laws of the jungle, the focus on achieving pleasure and the promotion of low-quality entertainment require adequate educational actions. Disabled children studying at the centerday stay "Amber Bridge", suffer from various disorders of body functions due to disease, injury or congenital disabilities of mental or physical development, and they find it very difficult to express themselves in a normal environment. They often become the object of ridicule among their peers; it is more difficult for them to enter the adult world and find their calling.

It is difficult to treat these facts dispassionately. They force many to break away from their daily routine and pay attention to children with problems.

The simplest thing is to close your eyes and not notice, to say: “Everyone for himself.” Or refer to the fact that helping them is the prerogative of the state: it, and not you and me, should work to ensure that old people do not die of hunger and loneliness, so that large families are happy, children are not abandoned, and for those who have everything But no luck, adoptive parents were immediately found. But the state is made up of its citizens, that is, you and me. And if we are indifferent to the misfortune of our neighbor, if mercy is not our business, if other people’s pain does not concern us, if we always wait for others to do everything, then we will not notice that others are us, that they are like this Well... A society in which people calmly pass by other people's misfortune and pain is doomed.

IN last years We often hear from politicians and journalists the new word “tolerance”. At the proposal of UNESCO, the first decade of the 21st century was declared the Decade of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the Planet. The problem of forming a tolerant consciousness is especially relevant for modern Russia, where acts of terrorism and intolerance have recently become more frequent, interreligious, interethnic and other conflicts have intensified. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a social ideology that can help dissimilar people live side by side. Achieving the set goals is impossible without creating in children a positive attitude towards cooperation, ensuring emotional comfort, psychological security of the child, and providing the opportunity to test acquired knowledge at the level of behavior in play and real communication situations.

Tolerance (from Latin tolerantia) – “patience, forbearance towards someone or something.” The word "tolerance" is best translated as "tolerance." It is the ability to understand and respect other cultures, different views and different expressions of human individuality.

V.I. Dal notes that, in its meaning, tolerance is associated with such human qualities as humility, meekness, and generosity. And intolerance manifests itself in impatience, rashness, and exactingness.

Tolerance is what makes peace possible and leads from a culture of war to a culture of peace.
Tolerance is a human virtue: the art of living in a world of different people and ideas, the ability to have rights and freedoms, without violating the rights and freedoms of other people. At the same time, tolerance is not a concession, condescension or indulgence, but an active life position based on recognition of otherwise.
Tolerance also requires providing every person with opportunities to social development without any discrimination. This is a quality of personality, which is a component of the humanistic orientation of the individual and is determined by its value attitude towards others.

The problems of teaching tolerance are becoming especially relevant these days, because... Tensions in human relations increased sharply. It is impossible to do without a thorough analysis of the reasons for the mental incompatibility of human communities. It is on this basis that effective means of preventing confrontational processes can be found using the opportunities of the education sector. Initially, a person has both good and evil principles, and their manifestation depends on the person’s living conditions, on the environment in which he lives and develops, on the mentality, which directly influence individuality, worldview, and behavioral stereotypes.

The path to tolerance is a serious emotional one, intellectual work and mental stress, because it is possible only on the basis of changing oneself, one’s stereotypes, one’s consciousness towards tolerance - this is serious emotional, intellectual work and mental stress, because it is possible only on the basis of changing oneself, one’s stereotypes, one’s consciousness.

As we see, tolerance is important quality personality, and it needs to be educated.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the work on developing tolerance in modern society should be associated not only with teaching children specific skills of tolerant behavior, but also with the formation in them of certain personal qualities. It's about the feeling self-esteem and the ability to respect the dignity of others; awareness that each person is diverse in his manifestations and is not like others; a positive attitude towards oneself, towards comrades, towards representatives of other peoples and other cultures.

In modern society, tolerance should become a consciously formed model of relationships between people. Tolerance involves a willingness to accept others as they are and to interact with them in a consensual way.

First of all, it assumes reciprocity and an active position of all interested parties. Tolerance is an important component of the life position of a mature person, who has her own values ​​and interests and is ready, if necessary, to defend them, but at the same time respects the positions and values ​​of other people.

1.2. What is valeology ?

Man is a system determined by Genetics, God and the Teacher. Valeological competence is understood as the possession of a sum of valeological knowledge, which includes scientifically based facts, ideas, concepts accumulated by humanity in the field of health; availability of skills and abilities in the field of health conservation; the ability to establish connections between valeological knowledge and practical actions based on formed value orientations towards maintaining and promoting health. During the implementation of our project, we dealt with disabled children. It was important for us to know about the reasons for the deterioration of their health, about the possibilities of strengthening the health of healthy people as potential parents of the next generation. Analyzing the scientific literature, we have identified the main provisions of this science.

The concept of “health” cannot be defined without taking into account the basic functions performed by a person. What are these functions? They are clear from the definitions of the concepts “man”: “Man is a living system, which is based on: physical and spiritual, natural and social, hereditary and acquired principles. Thus, the main functions of the human body are the implementation of the genetic program, instinctive activity, generative function (procreation), congenital and acquired nervous activity, social activities, and the mechanisms that provide these functions are called health. Health, as defined by the World Health Organization, is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Health status is studied at three levels:

1. PUBLIC health is the health of the entire population of a state, region, region, city. It is characterized by a combination individual characteristics population health, expressed in the form of statistical and demographic indicators.

2. GROUP health is the average health indicators of small groups (social, ethnic, family, classroom, school groups, etc.)

3. INDIVIDUAL health - these are indicators that characterize the health of each person individually.

At each of these levels there are several TYPES of health:

1. PHYSICAL HEALTH. Characterizes the state of human organs and systems, their level of development and the presence of reserve capabilities.

2. MENTAL HEALTH. It is characterized by the state of memory, thinking, characteristics of volitional qualities, character, developed logical thinking, positive emotional energy, balanced psyche, the ability to self-regulate, manage one’s psycho-emotional state, and control mental activity.

3. MORAL or spiritual health - reflects the system of values ​​and motives of human behavior in his relationships with the outside world. It is characterized by the presence of consciousness and will, which allows one to overcome primitive instincts, drives and selfishness. It manifests itself in the recognition of universal and domestic values, in respect for other points of view and the results of other people's work. These are norms of behavior and relationships with others. This is a strategy for human life, focused on universal and domestic spiritual values.

4. SOCIAL health is an active attitude towards the world, i.e. active life position. This is a measure of ability to work and social activity. This is the presence of favorable living conditions for a person, his work, rest, food, housing, education, etc.

Thus, based on the analysis, it became clear that:

1.Health is ensured by adaptation mechanisms, that is, adaptation to changes in the external and internal environment.

2. Adaptation mechanisms are realized due to the presence of functional, dynamic reserves in each of the body systems, which interact with each other based on the principle of unstable equilibrium. When the body is exposed to external and internal factors, changes occur in the interaction of its systems, in the systems themselves and in the body as a whole - an adaptation mechanism is implemented.

3. The sum of the reserves of all body systems creates, as it were, a reserve of “strength”, which is called HEALTH POTENTIAL or HEALTH LEVEL, or HEALTH POWER.

4. Health potential can be increased with the right lifestyle and special training influences, or it can decrease with adverse influences and irreparable loss of reserves.

5. Increasing health potential is achievable only through a person’s own efforts.

Thus, valeology claims that every person has health reserves that he must learn to identify and increase. Therefore, the essence of valeology is expressed by the motto: “Man, know and create yourself!” Valueology proposes to shape health, increase its potential, relying on a person’s own efforts. To do this correctly, we need to know what our health depends on, what determines our Health Potential? As studies have shown, the influence of factors determining the level of public health is distributed as follows:

1. Heredity (biological factors) - determines health by 20%

2. Environmental conditions (natural and social) - by 20%

3. Activities of the healthcare system - by 10%

4. A person’s lifestyle - by 50%

From this ratio it is clear that the main reserve of human health is his lifestyle. By positively influencing it, we can significantly increase our health potential. Valeology specifically proposes to actively shape a person’s health by modifying his lifestyle, teaching forms of behavior aimed at preserving, strengthening health, and increasing efficiency.

When we conducted a survey at our school, it turned out that almost 30% of teenagers smoke and drink beer and low-alcohol drinks. Thanks to lectures, meetings with disabled children and work in orphanage, we managed to achieve that 50% of 10th grade students quit smoking, and 70% of 9th grade students stopped drinking beer.

It is known that the formation of healthy habits, a “philosophy of life”, is most effective in childhood. The younger the age, the more direct the perception, the more the child believes his teacher. This creates the most favorable opportunities for the formation of personality traits and characteristics necessary for maintaining health.

The earlier education begins, the stronger the skills and attitudes the child needs throughout his subsequent life. With age, psychological resistance increases; in addition, there is an irreversibility of age periods and time for the development of certain qualities may be irretrievably lost. It is best to cultivate a change in attitude towards your health in adolescence. This is what allows us to make our project relevant.

2. Disabled children as full members of society

2.1.The situation of disabled people in our country

For many decades, the treatment of people with physical and mental disabilities has been a sad story of misunderstanding, rejection, suspicion, fear of intimacy, and isolation. People with disabilities, especially those with mental disabilities, were treated with hostility, as if they were punished by God, cursed.
Since the middle of the last century, there has been a rise in the world new trend in understanding disability: simultaneously as a physical, mental, social phenomenon.

The implementation of the principles of integration and inclusion makes it possible to increase the level of social adaptation of society, its moral qualities, and progressive dynamics.
New trends in the disability movement in Europe and America continued to develop in the second half of the 20th century.

At the same time, since the mid-90s, a number of decrees and laws of the Russian Federation have been issued, which have already revised the previous attitude towards people with disabilities:
They were supplemented by industry regulations, defining medical and social guarantees for disabled people. Particular attention was paid to issues of rehabilitation of people with disabilities. With the possibility of developing individual programs as the foundation of social policy.
In the context of our topic, two regulatory documents adopted in 1948 and 1954 deserve special attention. This is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which served as a kind of basis for the development of international and national programs for working with children with disabilities. In 1989, they were supplemented by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the UN General Assembly in New York, according to which children have equality before the law , the right to legal protection, the right to development, the right to life, health, choice of place of residence; the right to reunification with one’s family, to expression, information, freedom of association, personal life, education.
Nowadays, with all its problems, people with disabilities are no longer embarrassed. They not only began to be publicly shown and talked about, but also provide an opportunity to openly discuss their problems, create a variety of public institutions, and organize international events, including sports championships, festivals, and other forums. A state program “Disabled Children” has been developed. Since the early 90s, research institutes dealing with the problems of people with disabilities have begun to be created.

In the Russian Federation, as in the entire civilized world, childhood is recognized as an important stage in a person’s life and is based on the principles of the priority of preparing children for a full life in society and developing their socially valuable qualities. This applies to all children, regardless of their health status. This also applies to mentally retarded children and children who cannot move independently and spend most of their lives at home.

The Basic Law on Children is “On Guarantees of the Rights of the Child.” This law states that state policy regarding children is a priority. The state's equally attentive attitude towards all its children is affirmed. But in practice, the use of equal rights by disabled children with their peers poses a serious problem.

A disabled child, as a subject of social adaptation, can and should take feasible steps for his own adaptation, master specific skills, strive to integrate as fully as possible into social life. Work in this direction is carried out within the framework of social work and assistance. At the same time, mercy is understood as the first step of humanism, which should be based not on pity and sympathy, but on the desire to help children integrate them into society, based on the position: society is open to children, and children are open to society. An active position in the matter of adaptation in society is necessary, since it has been proven that the possibility of adaptation is strongly dependent on the severity and duration of disability. In particular, the lighter the disability group, the shorter its length of service and the wealth of the family, the higher the level of motivation to carry out rehabilitation measures.

2. 2. Correctional work with disabled children.

1. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disease of the central nervous system with primary damage to the motor areas and motor pathways of the brain. Motor disorders in this disease are the leading defect and represent a unique anomaly of motor development, which, without appropriate correction and compensation, has an adverse effect on the entire course of formation of the child’s neuropsychic functions. Damage to the motor sphere in cerebral palsy can be expressed in varying degrees: motor impairments can be so severe that they completely deprive children of the opportunity to move freely; with a sufficient range of movements; in case of mild violation muscle tone Dyspraxia is noted, children have difficulty mastering self-care skills.

Motor disorders that limit practical activities and complicate the development of independent movement and self-care skills often make a sick child completely dependent on his immediate environment. Therefore, from the first moments of communication with 5th grade student A.M. we sought to create favorable conditions for the formation of cognitive activity and creative initiative of the child, the development of his motivational and psycho-emotional, volitional spheres. The purpose of this work is to systematize material on the development of intact and consistent restoration of impaired motor functions of the hands in children with cerebral palsy, in particular, the formation and development fine motor skills hands, in order to prevent the formation of a pathological stereotype by school age.

The goal of correctional and developmental work is the consistent development and correction of hand movements, the formation of fine motor skills of the hand, which ensures the timely development of speech, the child’s personality, and adaptation in society.

Preparing to write. Writing is a complex coordination skill that requires coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand, the entire arm, and proper coordination of movements of the whole body. Mastering the skill of writing is a long, labor-intensive process that is not easy for children with CP. When working to develop writing skills, a speech pathologist teacher must remember to comply with the following conditions: Correct posture when writing. Hand placement. Orientation on notebook page and line. Correct hand movement along the line.

All this was helped by the “Petra” Psychologist Kit

Thanks to the variety of details, “Pertra” always matches the mood and needs of the child. Interaction with many interesting, colorful, tactile elements of the set arouses children's interest and increases their cognitive activity. The enrichment of tactile and kinesthetic sensations contributes to the development of attention, visual, tactile, kinesthetic memory, speech, and is also directly related to the improvement of the child’s fine motor skills and the development of coordination of finger movements.

Classes were conducted with game sets Grafomotorik and Handgeschiklichkeit

Game set Grafomotorik

(From scribbles to calligraphy) In the process of building and operating “roads and traffic intersections,” the child goes through all stages of graphomotor development: gross and fine coordination of movements and the development of automatic writing skills. Exercises with tracks develop friendly movements eyes and hands, so necessary when mastering writing.

Playset Handgeschiklichkeit

(From grasping to grasping) Mastering all types of grasping movements is the basis for the child’s further development. The presence of a special base board in the set allows you to work out such mathematical concepts as quantity, more-less, etc. With Game Set 6, a base board with 280 holes is used.

Systematic work on training fine movements of the fingers, along with a stimulating effect on speech development, is a powerful means of increasing the performance of the cerebral cortex: in adolescents, attention, memory, thinking, hearing and vision improve. This is the main condition for successful learning. In other words, the better developed the fingers, the easier it will be to teach a person to speak and operate with certain concepts.

Fairy tale therapy lesson “Two Planets” with 6th grade students and disabled children .

Fairy tale therapy – this is the method , using form to integrate personality, develop creative abilities, expand consciousness, and improve interaction with the outside world.

Since the plot of the fairy tale is built on a metaphor, fantastic and amazing images develop the student’s imagination and give scope to his imagination. Thanks to fairy tale therapy, the child is completely immersed in the fantasy world, transforms it and interacts with the characters! And if a child is worried about something, then with the help of fairy tale therapy he distances himself from the problem, evaluates the situation as if from the sides and adopts the positive experience of the fairy tale hero as his own. Thus, fairy tale therapy helps to solve the problems that concern the student in his real life. The child independently comes to the conclusion of how to act in a given situation, because he has essentially already “got through it” in a fairy tale during a fairytale therapy session!

The purpose of the lesson waslearning to have a positive perception of yourself and other people.

Main goals:

development of self-knowledge

increased self-esteem;

development of empathy;

development of constructive forms of interaction with others;

interpersonal harmonizations relationships.

With the help of this lesson, students learned to reflect, “see,” feel another person, and understand the feelings and states they experience.

Class hour “Why you need to take care of your health” with 5th grade students.

Human health is a necessary condition for the realization of all human potential, the basis for achieving any success. Taking care of your health allows you to live a life that is fulfilling in all respects.

Health is not only the absence of disease or physical defects. This is a state of complete mental and social well-being. Health is a joyful attitude towards difficulties.

The purpose of the lesson was to foster a sense of responsibility for one’s health, the health of one’s loved ones and others, and the willingness to perceive health as a value of human life.

Develop a sense of empathy for people with disabilities.

On class hour issues were resolved:

What is health? What do the words “special child”, “children with disabilities”, disabled people mean? Do you need to protect your health and the health of others? What should you do to be healthy? What is a healthy lifestyle?

At the end of the lesson, the students came to the following conclusion:

What,health must be protected, as healthy person more opportunities and strength to achieve your goals, fulfill your dreams, communicate, etc. To take care of your health, you need to exercise, don’t smoke, don’t use drugs and alcohol, and follow a routine. Follow the advice of doctors so as not to prolong the illness. Preserve and improve the environment. You need to lead a healthy lifestyle.

3. Conclusion

The main problem of our children in our care is the lack of practical opportunities for the vast majority of them for successful socialization in society.

IN project work we tried to solve the problem of adaptation and socialization of disabled children in modern society. To do this, we carried out activities to provide practical assistance to disabled children, tried to convey to the students of our school and their parents the idea of ​​mercy and tolerance, familiarize society with the characteristics of disability, and explain the general patterns of development of normal and abnormal children.

The work that was carried out within the project was important and necessary, and necessary for all project participants:

Students, for understanding and correctly assessing the prospects for future life, a tolerant attitude towards different members of society, the ability to live in a multinational society;

Orphans and disabled children to expand their social circle, adapt to modern conditions in society, to overcome the inferiority complex, to realize one’s potential;

For parents to correctly understand family values, lead a healthy lifestyle and instill this habit in their children (formation of valeological competence);

For students, orphans and disabled children: the ability to work in a team (formation of communicative competence).

Together with our students, we tried to form in a disabled child an image of a world in which an active creative person finds application for his efforts, without destroying the environment or injuring other living organisms, and we hope that in the future he will be able to confidently find an optimally suitable place for himself in any social environment

Everyone can participate in this, but when solving this problem externally, one must not forget: nothing can be achieved if one does not work to increase love in one’s heart. This is the main thing."

Social project "Renaissance"

Center "Renaissance".

Project goals:

1. Achieving maximum social functioning of people with disabilities

2. Achieving the psychological well-being of people with disabilities of all ages

Planned results.

· Adaptation of a disabled person in modern society

· Providing disabled people with jobs

· Expanding your social circle

· Information and educational work

· Psychological consultations

· Providing housing for disabled people

Groups of people in the interests of whom the project is being implemented:

people with disabilities of groups I and II, from 16 years of age, except for disabled people diagnosed with intellectual disability or mental disorders.

Justification of the need for this project.

People with disabilities are limited in their abilities and cannot fully function in society, and some people with disabilities are completely cut off from outside world and are forced to humbly wait for the end of their lives and often not in better conditions. My project will allow disabled people to benefit society and take care of their physical and psychological condition.

1. Distribution to those who will:

A. live in the center

b. temporarily live in the center

V. Visit the center according to your scheduled schedule

2. Distribute those who will live with each other according to compatibility of temperament and nature of disability.

3. Determine: schedule and types of work (4-5 hours), rest time (communication), time for psychological and medical procedures.

1. The 13% tax is not levied on the salaries of disabled people;

2. To collect from the disability pension every month for maintenance and services rendered:

A. those who live - 80% of the pension

b. those who come - 40% pension

3. Reduced wage rate for disabled people

4. Tax reduction for those who provide work to disabled people.

6. Tax exemption for regular sponsors.

7. Government investments

Communication, occupational therapy, psychological and health care in total they will give positive results. Possible: partial recovery, psychological well-being for the disabled person and his family, earning money. The Renaissance Center is a chance for people with disabilities to become full-fledged members of society. Communicate with people who have the same health problems, receive various types of help...

This project is very important, both for people with disabilities and their families, and for the state! Often people with group I or II disabilities are practically deprived of the opportunity to function in society; they do not have broad knowledge of their rights and opportunities.

With the help of the center, additional inexpensive labor will appear, and all the rights of people with disabilities will be protected.

Conclusion

There are vulnerable segments of the population in every society, and the degree of their vulnerability reflects the level of development of a given society. People with disabilities are one of them, regardless of whether they were born disabled or became disabled due to circumstances. They are discriminated against in society on the basis of lack of equal opportunities in such vital areas as access to education, employment, public life, etc.

Disability has always been considered a problem for the person with a disability, who needs to change himself, or specialists will help him change through treatment or rehabilitation.

Social work as the most important section of activity in the field

services for people with disabilities has become increasingly important in recent years. Although the social concern of the state and society towards people with disabilities in Russia has always been manifested.

Today, the problem of social rehabilitation of disabled people is becoming increasingly urgent due to the fact that their number has a steady upward trend, which our society will not be able to change in the near future. Therefore, the increase in the number of people with disabilities should be considered as a constantly operating factor requiring systematic social solutions.

Undoubtedly, people with disabilities experience enormous difficulties when entering society, and they require comprehensive social help. Consequently, they become clients of social work and are under the close attention of social services.

FGOU SPO "Perevozsky Construction College"

Project "Center independent life disabled people"

Project manager: Puzrova E.G.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3p.

1. Chapter 1. Centers for independent living - an innovative technology for social work with people with disabilities………………………………………………………4 p.

§1. The concept of the center of independent living……………………………4 p.

§2. Types of activities of independent living centers……………4-5 pp.

2. Chapter 2. Center for Independent Living “Mercy”……………………6 p.

§1. Types of services of the Center for Independent Living “Mercy”……6-7 pp.

§2. Support programs for people with disabilities……………………………..8 p.

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………9 p.

Application. Program “Help the Weak”……………………….10-14 pp.

Introduction

Relevance of the project is that, according to the independent living ideology, people with disabilities are part of society and should live in society. They are not patients to be treated, children to be looked after, or daredevils to be admired. They are fully capable of choosing how to live, they are free to choose independence and seek help. They suffer primarily from societal prejudice rather than from their disability.

Independent living means the right and opportunity to choose how to live. To become truly independent, people with disabilities must confront and overcome many obstacles. This is the first step towards living a fulfilling life as employees, employers, spouses, parents, athletes, politicians and taxpayers - in other words, to fully participate and be active members of society. The practical significance of the project lies in the possibility of solving these problems.

Objective of the project – organization of assistance, mutual assistance and self-help for people with disabilities.

Project objectives:

Identify people with disabilities;

Participate in programs conducted by other organizations and implement your own programs;

Interact with state and public organizations and movements acting in the interests of people with disabilities;

Organize scientific and sociological research on disability issues

Provide assistance to people with disabilities in mastering skills and acquiring knowledge to ensure opportunities to become full members of society;

Contribute to changing public opinion towards people with disabilities, overcoming stereotypes, physical and mental barriers

Chapter 1. Centers for independent living - an innovative technology for social work with people with disabilities

§1. Independent living center concept

For several decades now, there have been organizations of people with disabilities that are specifically dedicated to promoting the ideology and practice of independent living. Such centers operate in Canada, Belgium, the USA and a number of other countries

The Center for Independent Living is an innovative technology of social work with people with disabilities, which, in restrictive living conditions, creates a regime of equal opportunities for people with disabilities. The activities of the centers are based on self-help and mutual assistance. People with various disabilities help each other in carrying out daily activities, obtaining the necessary information, and solving legal issues. Members of the center for independent living compensate for the social insufficiency of other center participants with the capabilities that they have developed.

§2. Types of activities of independent living centers

Independent Living Centers carry out the following main activities:

informing and providing reference information. Without contacting social service, a disabled person gains access to sources of information through a database created by members of the Center for Independent Living. Access to information increases a person's ability to manage their life situation;

peer counseling and self-support groups. The consultant is a disabled person who shares his experience and skills of independent living. He plays the role of a person who managed to overcome obstacles in order to live a full life on an equal basis with other members of society. The example of more experienced comrades encourages newcomers to satisfy their needs, taking responsibility for their lives. Experience exchange seminars, support group sessions, individual sessions on developing independent living skills, using technology, stress management, communicating with others;

individual consultations on protecting the rights and interests of people with disabilities. Consulting is provided on financial issues, housing legislation, issues social security and social services. In addition to conveying information about what to do in a given case and where to go, the coordinator teaches the person to speak on his own behalf, speak in his own defense, and defend his rights. The basis of this approach is the opinion that the person himself knows better what vital interests he needs to protect in the first place;

provision of services and exchange of services. Research is being conducted on the effectiveness of services provided by volunteer members of the independent living center (eg, home assistance, support services provided by personal assistants, transportation services, loans for the purchase of technical aids). Based on this analysis, new approaches and methods of services are developed and planned. To introduce new services, they conduct demonstration programs and obtain resources through their network of contacts with government and philanthropic organizations.

Chapter 2. Center for Independent Living “Mercy”

§1. Types of services of the Center for Independent Living "Mercy"

Based on Perevozsky construction college The Center for Independent Living “Mercy” has been operating for two years. The goal of the center is to help disabled people of all categories create conditions for maximum independence and full participation in society.

The Center for Independent Living "Mercy", organized at the Department of Social and Legal Profile of the Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Perevozsky Construction College", provides the following types of services.

1. Services provided at the Center:

Demonstration of equipment;

Providing information and necessary consultations;

Computer database;

Mobile information and demonstration stand;

Communication services;

Design consulting;

Education and training (independent living skills, ability to use technical devices);

Publications;

Reference library.

2. Services of personal assistants. Candidates for this position are selected from among students, mainly from specialty 040101 Social work, and they are interviewed. Personal assistants assist their clients with housekeeping and maintenance, allowing them to be more independent. On the other side, this type activity is an invaluable practical experience for the formation of professional competencies of future specialists in social work.

3. Assistance in finding employment. Services available include job searches for people with disabilities, interview preparation, resume writing, job search skills training, information and follow-up counseling. This work Undergraduate students study under the guidance of teachers after studying the relevant disciplines of the professional cycle: Employment strategy, Job search skills, Documentation support for management, Legal support for professional activities.

4. Consulting on financial issues. Provides reference consultations and educates people with disabilities on financial benefits, insurance and other social programs.

5. Consulting on housing problems. Providing assistance in finding and maintaining affordable housing, information about hiring programs, relocation, discounts and benefits. The center's consultants have a database of federal and local housing legislation and help contact law firms.

§2. Disability support programs

In addition to providing services, there are a number of programs to support people with disabilities who are not participants in the independent living center:

Client assistance program – part of the consumer rights protection program as part of their rehabilitation;

Program “Help the Weak” - program for the socialization of disabled people with deviations in psychophysical development.

Legal consultation – lawyers, including attorneys, meet with clients once a month.

In addition, the Center organizes additional professional and accessible education for disabled people with musculoskeletal disorders, and promotes the active social integration of young disabled people.

Objectives of this activity:

Supporting organizations of people with disabilities and their movements for equal rights and opportunities for people with disabilities;

Helping people with disabilities develop skills and acquire knowledge to ensure opportunities to become full members of society;

Promoting changes in public opinion towards people with disabilities, overcoming stereotypes, physical and mental barriers.

The center works with clients not only directly, but alsoon- line, providing regulatory and legal information, information on educational and employment opportunities, promotes the employment of people with disabilities through a territorial network of its coordinators, who, as a rule, are disabled, conducts thematic discussions and exchanges of opinions of interest to young people.

Conclusion

All of the above allows us to conclude that it is necessary to further improve the activities of the Center for Independent Living “Mercy”, involve more students in it, and attract volunteers from other educational institutions of the Perevozsky district. The center must make every effort to ensure that people with disabilities can live independent lives.

The activities of the Center are practically significant both for people with disabilities and for student members of the Center.

With the help of the Center for Independent Living, people with disabilities become maximally involved in a full life, protected legally and informationally, and feel supported and understood by the younger generation.

Students who work at the Center for Independent Living gain the practical experience necessary to develop them as competitive, competent professionals. The children are taught such qualities as kindness, tolerance, compassion, moral values ​​are instilled in them, and the culture of a social work specialist is formed.

The college receives a large number of positive reviews about the work of the Center for Independent Living “Mercy” from people with disabilities and employees of social protection organizations, which allows us to conclude that it is necessary to continue this work, and, of course, improve it.

Application. Social habilitation program for disabled people “Help the Weak”

Socio-psychological studies have shown that people with disabilities since childhood differ from other categories of people with disabilities in deviations in personality development associated with their position in families and among peers.

These deviations lead to behavioral disorders that interfere with labor training, vocational habilitation and integration to a much greater extent than the dysfunctions of the body that caused disability.

Conventional measures for medical, professional, and social rehabilitation of disabled people from childhood do not lead to their development of social activity and competitiveness - qualities necessary in modern society.

In this regard, a certain character and consistency are necessary social events accompanying the labor training of disabled children, in particular individual and group classes on skills development social contacts, on citizenship education and social and labor habilitation, on sociocultural development.

Program for habilitation of disabled people “Help the Weak”

Purpose of the program : socialization of disabled people with deviations of psychophysical development.

Program objectives :

training young disabled people to provide everyday and socio-psychological assistance to other people;

education in them psychology strong man providing assistance to the weak;

promoting the development of practical skills of social management and interactions with service consumers by young disabled people;

preparation of publications for young disabled people in order to promote self-employment and feasible assistance to those who are in a more serious condition.

Group creation activities are divided into three stages.

Stage 1. Social and labor training.

Disabled people who have expressed a desire to work in the program are divided into groups of 5-6 people each and undergo training in the following areas for 6 months.

Social and household: cleaning premises, using household appliances, cleaning the area, buying groceries, paying bills and receipts, delivering things to household services workshops (laundry, dry cleaning, shoe repair shops and household appliances) and their return delivery, washing clothes, minor repairs (repairing clothes, shoes, simple repairs of household appliances).

Social-psychological: self-presentation, communication with people of different ages and social status, communication with people experiencing depression or irritation, ways to initiate and conduct confidential conversations, identifying the interlocutor’s problems, relieving anxiety and the effects of stress.

Stage 2.Search for service consumers.

The transition to this stage is carried out four months after the creation of groups, since this activity does not disrupt the learning process, is one of the criteria for the effectiveness of training and, thus, can be carried out in parallel with training sessions.

Contents of the stage:

survey by group participants of housemates, residents of neighboring houses, neighborhoods;

placing advertisements “Helping Our Neighbors” in municipal newspapers and on television;

compiling a register of possible consumers of services living in the neighborhood - lonely old people and disabled people, families with disabled children, families with disabled people who need additional help in addition to that provided by government services.

Stage 3.Providing one-time or short-term assistance.

Due to the fact that people with disabilities with developmental problems are not adapted to providing constant (daily, several times a week) or regular assistance to service consumers, this stage is necessary for appropriate adaptation and selection of group members who are subsequently able to provide services to regular consumers. Assistance is provided on a charitable basis (free of charge or for a fee that covers the costs of its provision).

At all stages, the model of a large family is used to train and support groups - their curators are not only program staff, but also participants of previously formed and trained groups.

This model promotes faster acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills, as well as further development of the ideology of helping a weaker person in need.

Mechanisms for program implementation.

To complete the groups, participants are selected based on the results of psychological and social diagnostics conducted by students and teachers of the Perevozsky Construction College of Social Profile as an educational practice. The criteria for inclusion in the group are the candidate’s intentions, prospects for increasing his social status and recommendations individual program rehabilitation (IPR).

During and after completing stage 1 (after 3 and 6 months of training), repeated diagnostics are carried out to determine measures for further individual supervision and clarify the nature of the chosen work activity.

Over the next six months (stages 2 and 3), group members engage in their chosen specialization, improving their capabilities and performance.

At all stages, parents and students are involved as volunteers and participate in individual support.

In the future, upon completion of the program, they and trained disabled volunteers will help group participants cope with labor responsibilities And social problems. Curators and teachers for the development and implementation of individual and group activities of group participants and volunteers are specialists in social work and pedagogy who have experience working with a similar population.

To attract the public to the work of the program, it is possible to conclude agreements with the territorial bodies of public self-government on whose territory the program is being implemented to highlight the activities of program participants and inform potential users.

Planned results.

Groups that have acquired skills and work experience are transformed into non-profit organizations (a form of public organizations is possible as one of the forms of non-profit organizations), which will provide the acquired services to people in difficult life situations living in the territory where the established organizations operate.

It is important to preserve the principle of helping weak people in more difficult situations.