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Heatstroke in a child - symptoms and treatment, emergency measures and antipyretic drugs. Symptoms and signs of heat stroke in children

Heatstroke is not considered a serious condition, however, it can cause significant discomfort and can be dangerous for people with cardiovascular, respiratory or nervous system.

Not every parent will be able to recognize the first signs of heatstroke in a child in time, because children, especially small ones, cannot clearly describe what exactly happened to them, and adults often misinterpret the behavior of their children.

Signs of heat stroke in children under one year old

Many parents believe that “steam doesn’t break bones,” and the warmer the child is wrapped up, even in summer, the better, because it’s so easy for a child to catch a cold. This is by no means true.

Children under one year old have imperfect thermoregulation, and they not only easily become hypothermic, but also just as easily overheat and suffer heatstroke. A baby who is wrapped up too warmly can suffer heatstroke even in a relatively well-ventilated area. How to recognize heatstroke in a baby under one year old:

The presence of these signs in a baby is an indicator that he is overheated and feels unwell. If you do not pay attention to them in a timely manner, the baby may lose consciousness from overheating, or develop severe dehydration.

Signs of sun and heat stroke in children one year and older

Overheating due to clothing that is not suitable for the weather also occurs in older children.

In addition, it is aggravated by physical activity, especially in clothing that does not transmit heat well. In addition, a child can get heatstroke while in a stuffy and warm room.

Signs of heat stroke in a child older than one year are more varied:

With mild heat stroke – hyperactivity, increased excitability, which can aggravate the child’s condition;
Headache and dizziness;
Nausea, vomiting, occurring suddenly, gradually increasing;
Thirst;
High temperature, dry, hot skin;
Lethargy, drowsiness, feeling tired.

But, as in children under one year old, in older children the first symptom of overheating is often overexcitement, which parents interpret as a normal state, as well as the drowsiness that follows it.

But without treatment, heat or sunstroke can lead to dehydration, sometimes severe.

Sunstroke differs from heatstroke in that it is possible only in hot weather in the open sun. Its first signs will be a feeling of overheating of the head, then headache, nausea and vomiting. Dehydration when sunstroke occurs less frequently than with heat.

How to recognize heatstroke at sea

A holiday at sea can be ruined feeling unwell child. The baby and his parents swim and spend a lot of time outside.

The high intensity of solar radiation and constant exposure to its rays makes sunstroke or heatstroke more than likely. Since the body is intensively exposed to overheating, its symptoms in children develop much faster:

The temperature rises sharply, often immediately to very high numbers;
Darkness in the eyes, especially when moving;
Developing constant nausea, vomiting, sometimes uncontrollable;
The skin on the face is red;
Strong headache;
Apathy, drowsiness, which is usually not preceded by overexcitation.

How younger child, the faster these danger signs. It is important to pay attention to them as soon as possible and take measures to prevent severe consequences heat stroke – dehydration and shock.

What to do if your child has heatstroke

If parents recognize a heatstroke in a child in time, the very first thing that needs to be done is to take him out or take him out of the place where he overheated - preferably outside or into a cool, well-ventilated room. The presence of shade is mandatory - direct sunlight can aggravate the effects of overheating.

Secondly, it is necessary to remove all excessively warm clothes from the baby, unbutton buttons, cuffs, belts, and other parts of clothing that interfere with free breathing.

You need to give your child something to drink if he is able to drink. Water should be consumed in small sips, with breaks - drinking a large amount of water at once can cause vomiting.

You can apply a cloth soaked in cool water to the forehead, fan the baby with a towel, lightly spray the face and neck with water, or wipe them with a damp hand or cloth.

It should be remembered that the victim should not be cooled suddenly - this may cause severe hypothermia. Do not point a fan at him, pour water on him, or bathe him in a cold bath.

With mild heatstroke, the child’s condition will improve within half an hour, and within 24 hours all symptoms will go away if re-overheating is avoided. If this does not happen, if the child’s condition worsens, if signs of dehydration appear, especially in a child under one year old, you need to call an ambulance as quickly as possible.

What actions to take before the doctors arrive?

Until the doctor arrives, the child needs to stay in a cool and well-ventilated area, in the shade. All this time you need to lie down, preferably on your side, with a pillow or cushion of clothing under your head.

A baby in this condition needs constant access fresh air and peace. Calming a small patient by talking is also an important part of helping the victim. If the baby wants to sleep, then you should not wake him up.

You can give children something to drink, preferably mineral water, but without gas. If it doesn't exist, it will do boiled water. It should be at room temperature.

You can place a cloth soaked in cool water on your forehead and change it as it dries. You can also wipe or spray your face and neck with water.

Antipyretic drugs can only be given if they have been prescribed by a doctor, or if the child has a dangerously high temperature of more than 39.5º. In other cases, it is worth making do with other methods of lowering the temperature. The same applies to painkillers and sedatives– unless prescribed by a doctor, it is better to refrain from self-medication.

Prevention

To prevent heat stroke, children should be dressed appropriately for the weather - not too warm and not too light. The child's clothing should be made from natural fabrics that easily allow air to pass through, so that excess heat does not accumulate under it and cause overheating.

If the child is active, then clothes should be selected taking into account his mobility. IN sunny days You should wear a hat, preferably a light one.

When leaving home in the summer, it is advisable to have a small bottle of water with you, since overheating and dehydration often stimulate each other. You need to drink in small portions - this way the water is absorbed faster. It shouldn't be too cold. In hot weather, mineral water is more beneficial than regular boiled water.

When relaxing at sea, you should take into account that overheating under the southern sun occurs faster, and the safest time to be outside is before 10 am and after 4 pm.

This is also the safest time for swimming and sunbathing. Even more relevant than in temperate latitudes is a hat and a bottle of mineral water with you.

Many more useful information about heat and sunstroke in children - in the next video from Dr. Komarovsky.

Summer is a long-awaited time for every child. At this time of year, especially on hot days, children spend a lot of time outside, so parents should be aware that prolonged exposure to the sun can lead to heatstroke. It is very important to know how to prevent heatstroke and what to do if this trouble does occur to your child.

Many parents underestimate the dangers of heat stroke, but in vain - the length of time a child spends in the open sun during the summer season must be strictly controlled

What is heatstroke?

Heatstroke is called pathological condition human, arising under the influence of high temperatures, at which the process of thermoregulation is disrupted. The body receives a large amount of heat from the outside, in addition to that generated as a result of vital activity, which leads to overheating.

Heatstroke can be caused by prolonged exposure to:

outside in the summer heat;
in a room with high air temperature;
wearing clothes that are too warm and out of season.

Causes of Heat Stroke

The main reason is severe overheating body. When you spend a long time in a hot room or outside in the summer heat, a malfunction occurs in the part of the brain responsible for thermoregulation. The heat generated by a person accumulates in the body and cannot be released.

The process of heat transfer in humans occurs when sweat is produced, which evaporates, cooling the body. Heat is also released when cold air is inhaled and capillaries located close to the surface of the skin expand. In summer, the air temperature is high, which means that the body does not release heat to warm it. Other types of thermoregulation do their job well if you do not interfere with them.

In order to protect a child from overheating, it is necessary to ensure that he has something to quench his thirst, and that clothing does not prevent the evaporation of sweat. Liquid from the surface of the body evaporates only if the ambient air is drier than the air under clothing. With high humidity, sweat does not evaporate, but flows down in a stream, while the surface of the skin does not cool. Clothing should not be too tight to the body so as not to interfere with heat dissipation.

The main factors preventing heat transfer are:

air temperature exceeding body temperature, at which heat is not removed from the body;
high air humidity values;
synthetic or too warm clothes;
long-term effects on the body sun rays;
physical activity in the summer heat;
excess weight;
fair-skinned children are more likely to overheat;
pathologies of the central nervous system;
unstable thermoregulation system.

Symptoms in children at different ages

Signs of hyperthermia are more pronounced in children than in adults, and the clinical condition can deteriorate very quickly.

Overheating causes dehydration and intoxication of the body, which lead to serious complications and pose a threat to the health and life of the child. Whenever characteristic features you need to consult a doctor.

Symptoms of heatstroke in infants vary. In order to provide timely assistance to the child and avoid the progression of the disease to more severe form, you need to know how overheating in children manifests itself and how long it lasts.

Signs in a baby

Babies under one year old are often hypothermic and easily overheat, so there is no need to wrap them up in a well-warmed room. Heat stroke can be determined by the following signs:

baby crying loudly;
the face turns red, the temperature rises;
Sticky sweat appears on the tummy and back;
signs of dehydration appear (reddened eyes, dry armpits and lips);
poor appetite;
general weakness, apathy.

In infants, the process of dehydration occurs very quickly, so at the first symptoms of heat stroke you should seek medical help.

If a child develops characteristic symptoms, he needs to provide first aid and contact medical institution. If heatstroke in an infant is not recognized in time, he may become severely dehydrated and lose consciousness.

Symptoms in children over one year of age

Clothes that are too warm can also cause overheating in children over one year old. This also contributes to increased activity babies, in which their body temperature rises, and clothing does not allow the heat to escape. In unventilated, warm rooms, the likelihood of overheating increases.

In children over 1-2 years old, it is much easier to recognize heatstroke, since the symptoms are more pronounced:

at mild degree overheating, children are characterized by increased physical activity, leading to a worsening of the condition;
dizziness;
headache;
strong feeling of thirst;
increased body temperature;
skin redness;
dry lips;
sudden attacks of vomiting;
nausea;
general weakness.

With mild heatstroke, the baby experiences weakness and a constant feeling of thirst, nausea and vomiting are possible

First aid for symptoms

At the first symptoms of heatstroke in a child, you should call a doctor. Before their arrival, parents must complete the following steps:

Move the child to a well-ventilated, cool room.
Place the baby on a horizontal surface.
If the child is in fainting, you need to raise his legs, after placing a towel or some clothing under them. This position improves blood flow to the head.
If there is severe vomiting, you need to turn the baby's head to the side to ensure air flow to the lungs.
If clothing is made of synthetic materials or restricts movement, it must be completely removed.
To avoid dehydration, the child must be given water to drink. It should be given often in small sips. To restore salt balance, it is better to give mineral water or saline solutions, such as Regidron, Trihydron, Reosalan - this will help prevent seizures.
Apply any cloth moistened with water to the back of your head and neck. You can also wipe the child’s body with it or gradually pour water at room temperature. You cannot bring a hot baby into a cold body of water.

If you have heatstroke, apply a cold compress to your child's forehead.

You need to apply something cold to your forehead, such as a bottle or bag. The newborn can be completely wrapped in a wet towel or sheet.
For full breathing It is necessary to ensure air flow using a fan or newspaper.
If your baby faints, you can give him a cotton swab soaked in a solution to sniff. ammonia, which can be found in any car first aid kit.
If a child suddenly stops breathing, if the medical team has not arrived yet, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration. To do this, tilt the baby's head back slightly, cover the baby's nose with one hand, and hold the chin with the other. After taking a deep breath, release air into your mouth for a few seconds. If air enters the lungs rib cage should rise.

Heat stroke treatment

Treatment of hyperthermia begins with providing first aid to the child. After the doctors arrive, the patient is hospitalized and continues therapeutic measures in a hospital setting. A child who has suffered heatstroke must be treated. Otherwise, it is very difficult to avoid serious consequences for the baby’s health.

How to help a baby?

The first task of parents in case of heatstroke in a baby is to lower body temperature. To do this, he must be completely undressed or unswaddled.

Then move on to other cooling methods:

wiping the baby’s body with water, the temperature of which should not be lower than 20°C, is too cold water may cause worsening of the condition;
wrap the newborn in a cold diaper, which needs to be changed every 8-10 minutes;
Place the child in a bath of water at room temperature for 5-7 minutes.

If the procedures are carried out at home, then it is necessary to have an air conditioner or fan running in the room. If first aid is provided on the street, then the patient is transferred to the shade.

After overheating, the newborn is provided with a constant supply of fluid to the body. Every 30 minutes the baby needs to drink at least 50 ml of water or breast milk. For hyperthermia accompanied by vomiting, the dose of fluid is increased.

If heatstroke is accompanied by cardiac arrest, the infant is given artificial respiration, alternating it with cardiac massage. Each inhalation should be followed by 5 presses. bottom part sternum.

Treatment of children 2-3 years old

For hyperthermia in a 2-3 year old child, treatment is carried out in a similar way. Emergency doctors assess general state the patient and, if necessary, hospitalize him in a hospital.

Treatment of heat stroke depends on its severity; sometimes doctors insist on hospitalization of the child

Scheme drug therapy for children under 4 years of age the following:

taking antishock and antipyretic drugs with a dosage appropriate to the child’s age;
intravenous administration of solutions to normalize electrolyte balance in children's body;
reception hormonal drugs to improve hemodynamics;
anticonvulsants are prescribed as needed;
in critical situations, tracheal intubation is performed.

Therapy for children over 3 years of age

Children of preschool and school age They have more stable thermoregulation, but despite this, they can also get heat stroke if they spend a long time in the sun or in a very hot room. In a hospital setting, therapy is carried out using the following medications:

the drugs Droperidol and Aminazine are administered intravenously according to the instructions;
saline solutions are infused using a dropper to prevent dehydration and normalize electrolyte levels;
cardiotonics normalize the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
hormonal agents;
anticonvulsants Diazepam and Seduxen are used for treatment only when necessary.

Consequences of hyperthermia

In case of hyperthermia, assistance should be provided immediately. If, in the first hours after detection of pathology, no healing procedures, the child will experience severe complications:

Blood thickening. Occurs due to lack of fluid, leads to heart failure, thrombosis, and heart attack.
Severe form renal failure. In most cases, it appears under the influence of metabolic products formed in the body at high temperatures.
Respiratory failure. Associated with changes in the part of the brain responsible for respiratory function. With hyperthermia it manifests itself in an acute form.
Damage to the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are: severe vomiting, fainting, hearing, speech and vision disorders.
Shock is one of the most dangerous conditions resulting from dehydration. When there is an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, the blood supply to most internal organs.

The baby's body is most susceptible to external influences. If it is hot outside, pay maximum attention to prevent your baby from overheating.

Many mothers are interested in the symptoms and treatment of sunstroke in a child, especially in the summer, or before traveling to hot countries. After all, this can happen to absolutely anyone. And you should have a good idea of what first actions to take in a given situation. Symptoms and treatment of heatstroke in a child are also of concern to parents. Many do not see a strong difference between these concepts.

Sunstroke: what is it?

What is heatstroke? If we designate this concept in a few words, this is severe overheating of the human body. It is dangerous with many negative consequences. If we talk about how long heat stroke lasts, then there is no clear answer to this question. Since the duration of the anomaly depends on the measures that were taken to eliminate it.

Causes of Heat Stroke

The first reason for the described reaction of the body, of course, is heat. The sweltering heat increases the body temperature, the body cannot cope and this serious problem arises. Regarding the question of babies, this condition can be caused if the baby is dressed too warmly. The baby should be dressed according to the weather so that his body does not overheat.
Another factor influencing the occurrence of this pathology is dehydration. In this case, the body stops producing the required amount of sweat, which makes it impossible to cool down.
Certain medications can also cause a similar reaction. In particular, antidepressants or drugs to lower blood pressure.

Consequences of heatstroke in children

The result of the occurrence of a state of overheating of the entire body can be disappointing. Especially when it comes to a baby or older child. The first thing that can happen is dehydration. To prevent this, let your baby drink more water. The volume of fluid will be restored and the baby will immediately feel better. The worst thing that can happen is, naturally, death. This is not an exaggeration. Unfortunately, such cases are known.
In this regard, every parent should know how not only to prevent overheating, but what to do if it has already happened.

Symptoms of heat stroke in a child

How to determine heatstroke in a baby? First of all, take a close look at the little one. If he yawns frequently, is lethargic and has red spots on his neck, then his body is overheated. Body temperature during heatstroke can reach up to 40 degrees. Signs of heat stroke in a child may not appear all at once; if you have even doubts, you need to urgently take action to normalize the baby’s condition.
It can all start with ordinary nausea, often accompanied by diarrhea. This indicates dehydration of the body as a whole. The baby may experience cramps and refuse to eat, even his most favorite foods.

What to do if a child has sunstroke

In the event of heatstroke, it is important to properly emergency assistance. First of all, if you notice signs of overheating, you need to call an ambulance. While she's driving, take your baby to a cool place. Treatment of heatstroke in children should never begin with a cold shower. It can cause vasospasm. And you will not only not help the baby, but will also dramatically worsen the situation. Give the little one some warm water to drink. It, unlike cold, does not linger in the stomach for long and will produce the desired effect. Don't forget to rub your baby's skin to achieve rapid expansion vessels.

Everyone should know what to do if a child has a heatstroke, so as not to get confused if such a situation arises.

In children, especially in the first year of life, the thermoregulation system is not fully formed, which leads to overheating of the body. Heatstroke can occur both in the sun and in a room with high temperature and humidity. The most important thing is to recognize the first symptoms in time and begin providing medical care, to avoid serious problems with health in the future.

What is heatstroke in a child?

Under the influence of heat, the human body can overheat, leading to a deterioration in overall health. Heatstroke in a baby mainly develops due to imperfections in the thermoregulation system. Under the influence of heat, the body cannot release excess energy in a timely manner. environment, which leads to its overheating.

Heatstroke can occur both in the sun and in a room with elevated temperature and humidity.

Causes of overheating

The body of both an adult and a child can overheat for the following reasons:

Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight in the summer heat. It is especially dangerous to be outside during the lunch period, when solar activity is highest.
High temperature conditions and air humidity do not allow the body to release excess heat in a timely manner, which leads to overheating.
Synthetic clothing, which does not allow air to pass through or absorb moisture, also causes the body to overheat.
Playing sports or heavy physical labor indoors with elevated air temperatures or in the sun.
Diseases of internal organs that affect thermoregulation.
Obesity.
A lack of fluid in the body does not allow excess heat to be released into the environment in a timely manner.

Main signs of heat stroke

The most important thing is to recognize the first alarming symptoms of overheating in time. If first aid is not provided in a timely manner, the person may lose consciousness and even die.

The main signs of heat stroke in children can be divided into three groups:

At the first stage of overheating of the body, dryness of the oral mucosa, irregular urination and dilated pupils are observed.
At the second stage of heat stroke, in addition to dry mucous membranes, rapid breathing and heartbeat, muscle spasms, and redness are observed. skin, increased body temperature, chills.
At the third stage of overheating of the body, the skin becomes dry and hot, body temperature rises, headache, nausea and vomiting appear. If first aid is not provided in time, the child may lose consciousness.

Symptoms of heat stroke in children at different ages

IN at different ages Heat stroke can manifest itself in different ways. Children in the first year of life are at risk due to an unstable thermoregulation system. Next, we will look in more detail at the main symptoms and treatment of heatstroke in a child.

Signs of heatstroke in a baby

Heat stroke in a child of the first year of life is manifested by the following symptoms:

Redness and dryness of the skin.
Excessive crying and insomnia.
Increase in body temperature to 40 degrees Celsius.
Lack of appetite.
General weakness.
Loose stools.
Redness of the whites of the eyes.
Muscle spasm in the face and legs.
Loss of consciousness, disorientation, headache are observed in last stage overheating

If any alarming symptom appears, you should immediately begin providing first aid.

Symptoms in children over one year of age

The main symptoms of heat stroke in older children:

Headache.
Dizziness.
Nausea.
Increased heart rate.
Increased body temperature.
Dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and a feeling of thirst.
Redness of the skin.
Irritability and crying.

If any symptom of overheating of the body appears, you need to begin providing first aid.

Heat stroke treatment

If a child has heatstroke, you should immediately begin providing first aid. The most important thing is to cool the body in time to avoid loss of consciousness and death. Treatment includes a complex of medications and traditional methods, which we will consider next.

First aid

First aid for heat stroke includes the following:

First of all, you need to eliminate the heat source. We move the victim to a room with normal humidity and air temperature.
Needs to be removed outerwear to speed up the cooling process of the body and place the victim on a horizontal surface. We place a cushion under our feet.
Cover the child with a wet sheet to reduce body temperature.
It is imperative to take antipyretic drugs orally to normalize temperature and blood pressure.
Let's drink plain water to avoid dehydration.
If you lose consciousness, give ammonia to sniff.
If there is a sharp deterioration in general health, we call an ambulance.

How to help a baby

The lack of language skills in infants complicates the diagnosis of overheating of the body. A child of the first year of life cannot yet say what hurts or bothers him. Therefore, parents need to be as careful as possible so as not to miss the first symptoms of heat stroke.

Treatment for heatstroke in infants includes the following:

We move the child to a well-ventilated area with low temperature and normal humidity.
We remove all clothes to speed up the process of releasing excess heat.
We wipe the body with warm water (+20 degrees Celsius).
Cover the child with a wet sheet for a few minutes.
If the body temperature is elevated, antipyretic drugs should be given. For children in the first year of life, such drugs are sold in the form of syrup.