Poliomyelitis is a dangerous infection that usually affects children under the age of five. The virus spreads extremely quickly and can be deadly; the only truly reliable method of prevention is vaccination in children. It is worth considering what the polio vaccine is, the child's reaction, and how often it occurs.
Why is polio dangerous?
Poliomyelitis is considered one of the most dangerous infections, since the disease provoked by it is incurable, the body must cope with the defeat itself. In most cases, the disease occurs in hidden form or causes symptoms similar to the common cold. However, in some cases, the virus penetrates the central nervous system, causing paralysis, usually of the muscles of the neck, back, and torso as a whole.
The paralysis caused by this disease can be extremely dangerous to life and health. It is impossible to stop it, you need to wait until the end of the period of illness, and there is a possibility that damage to the diaphragm will occur, which leads to respiratory arrest and death. Even if paralysis does not affect vital organs, it can lead to severe consequences in future. According to statistics, up to a quarter of all children who have suffered a paralytic form remain disabled for life.
The main danger of this virus is that its spread is extremely difficult to stop; there are no additional effective preventive measures. The only method that truly helps stop the spread of the virus and prevent infection is a vaccine. At the same time, there are many prejudices and misconceptions that make parents afraid to send their child for vaccination.
Photos of polio in children
Vaccination - what is the child’s reaction?
It is worth knowing what a vaccine is, what the body’s reaction may be to the administration of a vaccine drug, whether this vaccination has contraindications, what to do if side effects.
Important! Vaccination can be carried out only after examination by a doctor.
Two types of vaccine are usually used, simple languages- “alive” and “dead”. The second type is used in young children, the first in older children:
- Inactivated vaccine. This variety is administered intramuscularly and contains a killed virus.
- Oral vaccine. This variety contains a live virus with weakened activity. Used in older children.
Vaccination against polio with dead vaccine is given to children younger age, since it is safer for the fragile immunity of children. A child undergoes several revaccinations throughout his life, the last one being done at 14 years of age. If you do not skip revaccinations, use suitable drug, the likelihood of developing complications after vaccination is extremely low.
Is it possible to refuse vaccination?
You can refuse any medical intervention, however, you should not do this in the absence of compelling reasons. The polio vaccine is extremely important for the health of each individual child and age group generally.
It is tolerated quite easily in most cases, but it should not be carried out if there are the following contraindications. It is worth noting that they are different for different types vaccines. Oral vaccination should not be carried out in the following cases:
- neurological disorders that appeared after a previous vaccination;
- state of immunodeficiency, presence of malignant neoplasms in the body;
- exacerbation of severe chronic diseases of any nature.
Injection vaccination has fewer contraindications; it is often carried out in the presence of contraindications to oral vaccination and in young children under six months of age.
- allergy to vaccine components, especially if it was observed during a previous polio vaccination;
- exacerbations of chronic diseases, diseases accompanied by increased body temperature.
In other cases, vaccination is worthwhile. You should not refuse it, since the consequences of infection with polio can be much more severe than the possible side effects from the vaccine.
Is it possible to get a polio vaccine with snot? Experts advise postponing vaccination for a while colds, according to the rules, it can be carried out two weeks after the end of the illness. You should not get vaccinated against a background of diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in immunity, even a slight one.
Important! Children with weakened immune systems should not come into contact with children vaccinated with an oral vaccine, as the virus may be active enough to infect an immunocompromised child.
Adverse reactions
The polio vaccine can cause side effects, but they are actually quite rare. This vaccination is considered one of the most easily tolerated by children. If the vaccination is done in the absence of contraindications, no complications should arise from it.
However, depending on individual characteristics The body may experience an allergy, which can manifest itself in different ways. During injection vaccination, a thickening may occur at the injection site, which normally goes away on its own after some time.
A reaction at three months in an infant occurs quite rarely. However, if various disorders of the nervous system appear, the child becomes drowsy and refuses to eat, it is worth contacting a specialist.
There is also usually no reaction at the age of fourteen, but you need to monitor the manifestations neurological disorders. If they are difficult to tolerate and do not disappear immediately, you should consult a doctor.
After 10 days, the child should have no reaction at all. If there is bad feeling, symptoms of a virus infection, you need to show your child to a doctor as soon as possible. There is a possibility of developing polio, but it is worth considering that this usually occurs if the vaccination was carried out against the background of contraindications, with other violations.
Parent Questions
We have collected the most concerning questions from parents regarding polio vaccination for children.
Is it possible to bathe after vaccination?
After vaccination there are no restrictions, the child can be bathed, the injection site can be wetted. However, it is worth noting that you should not rub the injection site, especially if there is swelling.
Is it possible to go for a walk after vaccination?
After vaccination, you can immediately go for a walk if there are no side effects. If the child is not feeling well various reasons, it's better to stay home and get some rest.
Is it possible to eat?
With an injectable vaccine, you can eat or drink immediately after vaccination. With drops in the mouth, it is advisable to eat or drink only a few hours after vaccination.
Is it possible to attend kindergarten?
Is it possible to get infected from a vaccinated child? When carrying out vaccination in any form, it is extremely difficult to become infected from a person, however, it is worth noting that such a risk is present in the presence of violations immune system. If there are no children with such a feature in the environment, the child can be immediately sent to kindergarten or school, other places.
Poliomyelitis is called viral disease, in which the head is affected and paralysis develops. Its complications are very serious and unpleasant - among them are pulmonary atelectasis, perforation, curvature of the arms and legs, ulcers, myocarditis and others. Poliomyelitis is transmitted both through contact with a patient (airborne infection) and through the use of his things. Most often occurs in children under ten years of age.
Unfortunately, today there is no effective treatment this disease, and therefore it is better not to risk the child’s health and resort to vaccination. If carried out correctly, it almost completely eliminates the possibility of infection. Another thing is that the consequences can be as dangerous as the disease itself. So what should you do to avoid harming your baby?
What vaccinations do children get?
There are two types of vaccine against of this disease. The injection solution contains an inactivated (dead) pathogen and is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. This vaccine is very effective, immunity is formed in at least 90% of cases. Relatively safe.
The second type of vaccine is oral. It is a polio drop containing a live, albeit weakened, pathogen. It is instilled into the child's mouth, and local immunity is formed in the intestines. It is less effective and has a higher risk of side effects.
From the information provided, it should be concluded that in order for the consequences of the polio vaccination not to ruin the child’s life, his parents should not show pity in protecting the baby from injections. Inactivated vaccine administered into muscle tissue or subcutaneously, is more effective and safe.
Consequences of the polio vaccine: allergies
This is one of the body's most common reactions to a vaccine. Its manifestations can be different, and therefore it is better not to leave the clinic immediately after vaccination, but to remain under the supervision of a doctor for at least half an hour. And, of course, upon arrival home it is unacceptable to leave the baby alone - you need to constantly monitor his condition.
Consequences of the polio vaccine: seizures and paralysis
In the first days, seizures may develop against the background high temperature or lack thereof. In the first case, the problem arises due to the underdevelopment of the child’s brain, in the second - due to an undetected lesion of the nervous system. To avoid such troubles, there is no need to rush with vaccination - it is better if the child is older, and it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination by a good doctor.
One of the rarest, but at the same time the most dangerous consequences taking drops is vaccine-associated poliomyelitis, the main manifestation of which is paralysis. The risk group includes unvaccinated children who have been in contact with a vaccinated child. Thus, if there are several children living in a house, at least one of whom cannot be given the vaccine, it is unacceptable to use drops with a live pathogen for all the others.
Better to play it safe
Similar consequences of the polio vaccine never occur when administered inactivated vaccine. We must not forget about this - better for the child endure several injections rather than undergo treatment for many months.
Poliomyelitis is a dangerous viral disease that leads to disability. There is no cure for this disease, and treatment does not produce results. Diagnosis of the disease is difficult initial stage until the virus penetrated spinal cord. Incubation period lasts 10/30 days, and during this period the carrier of the virus can infect surrounding people. The infection is transmitted through contact (objects) and airborne droplets (during communication). The only salvation from poliovirus is vaccination. Parents are concerned about the reaction to the polio vaccine, however, complications after the disease are much more dangerous than the side effects from the vaccine.
Types of polio vaccinations
The polio vaccine was invented only in the middle of the last century by American scientists. The drug consisted of inactivated (killed) strains dangerous virus. Universal immunization helped to get rid of outbreaks of contagious infections that maimed people and claimed hundreds of lives. Later they invented a drug with live polio virus, which is produced in drops. The inactivated vaccine is administered from a muscle of the body by injection, live vaccine buried in the child's mouth.
What is better - drops or injection? At three months, the child is given an inactivated strain by injection; at six months and beyond, instead of an injection, drops are given. A live vaccine is considered more effective than an inactivated one. The vaccine is given together with DTP on the same day. No pronounced side effects have been recorded if all immunization rules are followed.
The disadvantage of a live vaccine is the difficult storage conditions of the drug, if these conditions are violated, the bacterial strain dies. There are also certain difficulties with dosage, since babies can regurgitate the drug injected into the tongue. The advantage of live vaccination is (contrary to existing legends about the danger of infection) passive immunization of persons in contact with the vaccinated child.
Important! Only a person with a pronounced immunodeficiency can become infected from a vaccinated child; others receive passive immunity to the virus.
Complications and side effects
What can happen to a child after vaccination? Parents should know that compliance with all points of immunization rules reduces the risk of complications to a minimum. In many children, post-vaccination symptoms are not expressed at all. A slight malaise and whims at a temperature of 37C are not considered dangerous complications.
Why then do they talk about a strong reaction to the polio vaccine? An extreme form of complications is the development of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis, which occurs with severe immunodeficiency of the child, with diseases of a neurological nature or severe dysbacteriosis. In other cases, reactions to the polio vaccine are expressed in:
- slight increase in temperature;
- anxiety and tearfulness;
- stool disorder;
- refusal to eat.
The listed reactions to the polio vaccine are not considered serious complications and do not require treatment. After the injection, local complications may occur in the form of swelling of the puncture site and slight redness. Sometimes itching and pain occur when touching the injection site. However, if there is no suppuration of the wound and the temperature does not rise (signs of an abscess), you should not worry.
Important! Serious complications after the polio vaccine can be allergic reactions to the antimicrobial components of the drug. In this case, revaccination is contraindicated.
Preparing for immunization
The basic rule of immunization is the complete health of the child. If your baby suffered an infectious disease on the eve of scheduled vaccination, it is necessary to strengthen his immunity before vaccination.
It is advisable to take tests (blood/urine) before vaccination to be sure of the baby’s complete health. Pediatricians rarely offer tests before vaccination, but parents can insist on this.
Before going to the clinic, do not feed your child tightly so that the body has the strength to adapt to the administered vaccine. It is also undesirable to feed your baby for at least an hour after vaccination.
If you are worried about an allergic reaction to the drug, give your baby an antihistamine three days before the injection (on the advice of your pediatrician). This will reduce the risk of allergies. Also antihistamines given three days after immunization.
Myths and legends
Young parents should know that it is impossible to get polio after vaccination against this virus. If you examine your baby before vaccination and talk about his condition with a pediatrician, there will be no complications. Also, people around the child will not get polio if they do not suffer from severe immunodeficiency and neurological disorders.
Is it possible to bathe the baby after vaccination, and will there be any complications? If the child does not have a sharp rise in temperature and does not show cold symptoms, bathing is allowed. If the injection site is inflamed, lubricate it with iodine mesh or troxevasin ointment, and do not rub with a sponge while bathing. No special contraindications there is no need for swimming, and there will be no complications after it.
A serious obstacle to immunization against polio is severe intestinal dysbiosis. The virus develops and multiplies first in the larynx, then in the intestines, from where it enters the spinal cord. Therefore, the intestines must be populated with healthy microflora before vaccination. Be sure to take this into account!
Important! U healthy baby with normal weight and no neurological diseases dangerous complications There is no such thing as polio vaccination.
Vaccination will protect your child from polio.
Polio drops are taken as a vaccine to prevent infection. Poliomyelitis is an acute viral disease. It can cause serious harm to the nervous system. Because of this, it is possible that inflammatory processes in the intestines and nasopharynx. This disease has always been considered a childhood disease; it affects children under the age of 10 years. The source of infection is a sick person. The peak of the disease occurs between August and October.
Indications for use of polio drops
Vaccinations begin for children from the age of two months. This will avoid infection in the future. This is done by instilling 2-4 drops of the drug onto the lymphoid tissue of the baby’s pharynx. In older children, instillation is done on the surface of the tonsils. The first vaccination is done at the age of 3-6 months. After which revaccination is required at 18-20 months and 14 years.
The main indication for taking the drug is prevention of polio infection. After the vaccination has been carried out, you should refuse to eat for an hour, and you should also not drink. The fact is that, together with food and liquid, the medicine will be washed into the stomach and will not have time to form a protective barrier.
After vaccination has been carried out, it is highly not recommended to introduce complementary foods and new foods into the baby’s diet. Because it is possible to develop allergic reactions due to unknown food entering the body. Most often this condition is equated with the unsuitability of the medication, this is not so.
Pharmacodynamics
The vaccine against the disease is a stabilized drug. It contains live attenuated polio viruses of Sabin strains type 1, 2 and 3. They enter the human body in multiplied form. Each product intended for vaccination meets all the requirements of the World Health Organization.
After using the product, immunity begins to form in almost 98%. The level of seroconservation after administration of 3 doses of the vaccine can reach 100% concentration. This indicator is observed for three types of poliovirus. The drug may affect the immune response increased level maternal antibodies. Lead to negative consequences Diarrhea may occur when vaccinated, as well as family exposure to various vaccines. Breastfeeding has a particular impact and may result in vaccine failure.
Poliomyelitis droplets contain the viruses of this disease, in a weakened form. Type 1 – at least 1 thousand, type 2 – 100 thousand and type 3 – 300 thousand. This amount will allow the body to develop immunity against the disease.
Pharmacokinetics
The cure for polio must include weakened components of the virus. This will help develop immunity in the body against the disease. The drug contains diphtheria toxoid in the amount of 30 IU, tetanus toxoid – 40 IU and pertussis toxoid 25 mcg.
In addition, the drug contains filamentous hemagglutinin 25 mcg, inactivated polio virus, type 1 40 IU D antigen, inactivated polio virus, type 2 8 IU D antigen, inactivated polio virus, type 3 32 IU D antigen. The auxiliary components are substances such as aluminum hydroxide - 0.3 mg, phenoxyethanol - 2.5 µl, acetic acid or sodium hydroxide - up to pH 6.8-7.3, water d/i - up to 0.5 ml. All together helps strengthen the body. Thus, it is able to resist many viruses and infections. The auxiliary components can be sucrose - 42.5 mg and trometamol - 0.6 mg.
Using polio drops during pregnancy
During pregnancy, vaccination is highly not recommended. It can be justified only if there is a risk of contracting an infection that poses a threat to both the life of the mother and the child.
As you know, in the first trimester of pregnancy you should stop using any medications. After all, there is always a risk of causing irreparable harm to the baby. The child’s nervous system begins to form from the first weeks; any impact on it can lead to the development pathological processes. High doses of illicit drugs can cause premature birth.
Vaccination against polio is carried out if there is a risk of infection of the baby. But at the same time, the vaccine itself can cause harm to the developing organism. An experienced specialist can make decisions about vaccination, depending on the possible dangers.
Contraindications for use
There are a number of contraindications for vaccination. Thus, it cannot be performed on children with congenital immunodeficiency or HIV (even if one of the family members is infected). If there is a pregnant woman around the baby. This can have a negative impact on the expectant mother.
If a woman is planning a pregnancy or is already pregnant, there is no need to vaccinate. This is done if there is a risk of infection of the mother and child. Vaccination is not necessary when breastfeeding. If before this there was an unusual reaction to other medications, then vaccination is carried out with extreme caution.
Contraindications include allergies to neomycin, polymyxin B and streptomycin. These are the components that make up the vaccine. It should not be used in the presence of acute infectious diseases, even after full recovery.
Neurological disorders, as well as immunodeficiency, can prevent vaccination. malignant neoplasms and immunosuppression. Routine vaccination should be postponed if there is a severe course of ARVI, acute intestinal diseases. Vaccinations can be done after the temperature has normalized.
Side effects of polio drops
There is practically no reaction to the vaccine. In some cases, allergic reactions occur. This is due to individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Therefore, before using it, you should familiarize yourself with the composition and identify the body’s reaction to its components. Urticaria or Quincke's edema is extremely rare.
Cases of vaccine-associated diseases have been recorded. This condition occurs once in three million. This condition requires differential diagnosis with polio-like diseases. In order to limit the circulation of the virus among people around a vaccinated child, certain rules must be followed. The baby must have a separate crib, potty, bed linen, clothes, dishes, etc. This will prevent parents from being influenced by the vaccine. Because it can only be carried out for children.
Reaction from polio drops
Many parents are interested in the question of whether complications are possible after vaccination and how they manifest themselves. Usually, the vaccine does not cause any reactions. But still, one case in 2.5-3 million is recorded. In order to exclude any reactions, it is worth vaccinating only children in excellent health.
Preference should be given to the injection itself rather than drops. The first option is much safer and does not cause side effects as often. The doctor and the baby’s parents decide which type of vaccine to choose. In any case, it is important to prepare the child for this procedure.
Occasionally, after receiving the vaccine, the baby may experience diarrhea or allergic reaction. They do not pose any danger and do not require special treatment. The baby will go away on its own after a few days. If your child's condition is very disturbing, you can take him to see a therapist.
Diarrhea after polio drops
The baby's gastrointestinal tract is very weak. Therefore, any influence on it can lead to negative consequences. Indigestion is the most common symptom after receiving the polio vaccine. The occurrence of diarrhea is associated with the content of live bacteria in the vaccine. They are the ones that affect the intestinal mucosa. If diarrhea lasts more than a day, you should inform your physician.
The vaccine, in droplet form, consists of weakened viruses. Intestinal upset can occur with oral vaccination with live viruses. The fact is that they are able to actively reproduce in digestive system. The sensitive intestine readily perceives this influence on it and responds with disorder. Moderate diarrhea after vaccination does not pose any danger. If there is any doubt, it is better to visit a doctor, especially if the baby has a severe disorder.
Temperature after polio drops
After vaccination, the temperature may increase slightly or remain unchanged. As doctors say, there is no need to worry about this. Even if the temperature has risen to 38-38.5 degrees. This is a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a weakened virus into it. If the temperature increases with additional reactions, including diarrhea and allergic reactions, you should go to the hospital.
Hyperthermia develops within several hours after the vaccine is administered. Sometimes this period extends for 2-3 days. Therefore, it is worth monitoring the baby’s condition for several days. The temperature can also last for 2-3 days. In some cases even two weeks. It all depends on the baby’s immunity. If the increase is not accompanied by other reactions, there is no reason to worry. Additional treatment is not carried out, but taking antipyretics is allowed.
Directions for use and doses
The vaccine is used about 4 times. The age of the event is noted in a special calendar preventive vaccinations, you can get it from your supervising therapist. Usually, the nurse or the doctor himself is responsible for notifying about the day of vaccination. This is done in advance so that parents have time to prepare.
Use 4 drops of the product at one time. Everything is carried out in accordance with the packaging of the drug. The vaccination dose should be dropped into the mouth using the dropper or pipette included with the bottle. The action is carried out an hour before meals. Under no circumstances should you take the drops or drink the liquid within an hour after use. The vaccine will simply end up in the stomach and will not perform its protective functions.
According to this principle, the product is used 4 times, but only on the appointed days. During the period of use, you should monitor the baby’s condition and record possible changes. The vaccine is usually well tolerated.
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Overdose
At correct dosage, no adverse reactions can occur. The fixed dose is 4 drops. In some cases, 5 is used. This is not fraught with anything for the child. However, it is necessary to monitor his condition. Some children have a hard time with vaccination, so even a slight increase in the dose can cause an overdose.
If a large amount of the drug gets into gastrointestinal tract Possible poisoning. It is advisable to give the baby a gastric lavage and consult a doctor. Nausea and vomiting may occur if a significant amount of the drug enters the stomach. This doesn't happen very often.
In case of overdose, fever and severe diarrhea may occur. If these symptoms persist for more than a day, and the diarrhea is severe, consultation with a specialist is necessary. In some cases, the temperature lasts for 2 weeks. The disorder occurs due to the sensitivity of the baby's digestive organs.
Interactions with other drugs
Vaccination against polio can be carried out on the same day along with vaccination with DTP vaccine (ADS or ADS-M toxoid). It is possible to use the product with other drugs if the vaccination schedule was drawn up by a doctor.
In accordance with the recommendations, the product is used simultaneously with vaccines against hepatitis B, whooping cough, tetanus, and rubella. But only if they are included in the immunization scheme. Concomitant use with rotavirus vaccine is not able to affect the immune response to poliovirus antigens. Although the live vaccine can significantly reduce the immune response, anti-rotavirus IgA levels have been shown to reach target levels after the first dose. And this happens after the second dose of the vaccine is administered. At the same time, clinical protection is maintained. If the drug is prescribed along with other vaccines based on live bacteria, then at least a month should pass between administrations. No other incompatibilities have been reported.
Storage conditions
The vaccine must be stored at -20 degrees. This will maintain its effectiveness for 2 years. At temperatures from 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, the shelf life does not exceed one year. If the vaccine is located in twenty-degree cold conditions, then it is not worth placing it in other temperature conditions. If there is such a need, the shelf life is reduced to 6 months.
To maintain optimal effectiveness of the drug, it is worth keeping it in the refrigerator. Direct exposure should be avoided sun rays. If the drug is not expected to be used in the near future, it is better to place it in the cold. If possible, maintain a temperature of 20 degrees below zero. If the vaccine was accidentally exposed to a different temperature. If you suspect an increase in the limits, it is worth checking the effectiveness of the vaccine. It is likely that it is no longer usable.
Once the bottle is opened, it must be used within 8 hours. During this time, the vaccine is stored at a temperature of 2-8 degrees Celsius. If it is not intended to be taken within 8 hours of opening, the vaccine must be frozen immediately. It has been proven that repeated freezing and thawing does not affect the quality of the product. The drug should be stored out of the reach of children.
Best before date
The duration of storage depends entirely on the conditions. So, at a temperature of more than 20 degrees below zero, the period is 2 years. If the drug is stored at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, the shelf life is reduced to a year. If defrosting and re-freezing is necessary, the shelf life does not exceed six months. Behind temperature conditions needs to be monitored.
In addition to temperature, conditions also play an important role, as well appearance bottle. It should not be damaged or punctured. You should pay attention to the appearance of the vaccine itself. The color and smell should remain unchanged. A similar requirement is put forward for consistency. All three parameters must be unchanged.
To prevent trouble, you should hide the product away from children. They can harm themselves and damage the vaccine vial. The drug is afraid of direct sunlight, so the most better place For storage it is a refrigerator. Under such conditions, the vaccine will last for more than one year.
It is important to know!
Poliomyelitis [from the Greek polio (gray), myelos (brain)] - acute viral anthroponotic infectious disease with a fecal-oral transmission mechanism of the pathogen, which is characterized by predominant damage to motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain with the development of paralysis.
Not long ago, polio was serious problem throughout the world, causing epidemics with frequent fatalities. Start of vaccination against the virus that causes this disease, helped reduce the incidence, which is why doctors call vaccination against polio one of the most important in childhood.
Calculate your vaccination schedule
Why is polio dangerous?
Most often, the disease appears in children under five years of age. One of the forms of polio is the paralytic form. With it, the virus that causes this infection attacks the child’s spinal cord, which is manifested by the appearance of paralysis. Most often, children are paralyzed in their legs, less often in their upper limbs.
In severe cases of infection as a result of exposure to the respiratory center, it is possible fatal outcome. This disease can only be treated symptomatically, and in many cases the child does not recover completely, but remains paralyzed for the rest of his life.
It is also dangerous for children that there is polio virus carriage. With it, a person does not develop clinical symptoms illness, but the virus is released from the body and can infect other people.
Types of vaccines
The drugs used to vaccinate against polio are available in two versions:
- Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). This drug does not contain a live virus, so it is safer and practically does not cause side effects. The use of this vaccine is possible even in situations of decreased immunity in a child. The drug is injected intramuscularly into the area under the shoulder blade, into the thigh muscle or into the shoulder. This vaccine is called IPV for short.
- Live polio vaccine (oral - OPV). It includes several types of weakened live viruses. Due to the method of administration of this drug (by mouth), this vaccine is called oral and is abbreviated as OPV. This vaccine is presented in the form of a pink liquid with a salty-bitter taste. It is applied in a dose of 2-4 drops to the child’s tonsils so that the drug reaches the lymphoid tissue. It is more difficult to calculate the dosage of such a vaccine, so its effectiveness is lower than that of the inactivated version. In addition, the live virus can be released from the child’s intestines in feces, posing a danger to unvaccinated children.
In the video, Dr. Komarovsky talks about vaccination: what reactions and complications may occur in babies after vaccination.
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The inactivated vaccine is offered in the form of Imovax polio (France) and Poliorix (Belgium).
The polio vaccine can also be included in combination vaccine preparations, including:
- Pentaxim;
- Tetraxim;
- Infanrix Hexa;
- Tetrakok 05.
Contraindications
IPV is not administered when:
- Acute infections.
- High temperature.
- Exacerbations of chronic pathologies.
- Skin rash.
- Individual intolerance, including reactions to streptomycin and neomycin (they are used to produce the drug).
OPV is not given if the child has:
- Immunodeficiency.
- HIV infection.
- Acute illness.
- Oncopathology.
- A disease that is treated with immunosuppressants.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main positive properties of the polio vaccine are:
- The polio vaccine is highly effective. The introduction of IPV stimulates stable immunity to the disease in 90% of vaccinated children after two doses and in 99% of children after three vaccinations. The use of OPV causes the formation of immunity in 95% of babies after three doses.
- The incidence of adverse reactions after polio vaccination is very low.
Disadvantages of such vaccinations:
- Among domestic drugs there are only live vaccines. All inactivated drugs are purchased abroad.
- Although rare, a live vaccine can cause a disease called vaccine-associated polio.
Adverse reactions
Most common adverse reactions after the introduction of IPV, changes in the injection site appear in 5-7% of children. It may be lumps, redness, or soreness. There is no need to treat such changes, as they go away on their own in one to two days.
Also, among the side effects of such a drug in 1-4% of cases, general reactions– increased body temperature, lethargy, muscle pain and general weakness. It is extremely rare that an inactivated vaccine causes allergic reactions.
The incidence of side effects due to the use of OPV is slightly higher than from administration injection form vaccines with inactivated virus. Among them are:
- Nausea.
- Abnormal stool.
- Allergic skin rashes.
- Fever bodies.
Possible complications
When used for vaccination with live viruses, in one in 750 thousand cases, weakened vaccine viruses can cause paralysis, causing a form of polio called vaccine-associated polio.
Its appearance is possible after the first administration of a live vaccine, and the second or third vaccination can cause this disease only in children with immunodeficiency. Also one of the predisposing factors for the appearance of this pathology is called congenital pathologies Gastrointestinal tract.
Is there a fever after vaccination?
Polio vaccination extremely rarely causes reactions in the body, but in some children 1-2 days after the IPV injection or 5-14 days after the injection OPV vaccines Body temperature may rise. As a rule, it rises to low-grade levels and rarely exceeds +37.5ºС. Fever is not a vaccination complication.
How many vaccinations are given against polio?
In total, six vaccinations are administered in childhood to protect against polio. Three of them are vaccinations with pauses of 45 days, and after them three revaccinations are performed. Vaccination is not strictly tied to age, but requires compliance with the timing of administration with certain breaks between vaccinations.
The first polio vaccine is most often given at 3 months using an inactivated vaccine, and then it is repeated at 4.5 months, again using IPV. The third vaccination is carried out at 6 months, at which time the child is already given an oral vaccine.
OPV is used for revaccinations. The first revaccination is carried out a year after the third vaccination, so most often babies are revaccinated at 18 months. After two months, the revaccination is repeated, so it is usually done at 20 months. The age for the third revaccination is 14 years.
Komarovsky's opinion
A well-known doctor emphasizes that the polio virus seriously affects children. nervous system with frequent development of paralysis. Komarovsky is confident in the exceptional reliability of preventive vaccinations. A popular pediatrician claims that their use significantly reduces both the incidence of polio and the severity of the disease.
Komarovsky reminds parents that most doctors have not encountered polio in their practice, which reduces the likelihood timely diagnosis diseases. And even if the diagnosis is made correctly, the treatment options for this pathology are not very great. Therefore, Komarovsky advocates vaccinations against polio, especially since there are practically no contraindications to them, and general reactions of the body are extremely rare.
