Eye burns caused by welding code according to ICD 10. Eye burns

RCHR (Republican Center for Health Development of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Version: Archive - Clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 2007 (Order No. 764)

Thermal and chemical burns unspecified localization(T30)

general information

Short description

Thermal burns arise as a result of direct impact on skin covering flames, steam, hot liquids and powerful thermal radiation.

Chemical burns occur as a result of exposure of the skin to aggressive substances, most often strong solutions of acids and alkalis, which can cause tissue necrosis within a short time.

Protocol code: E-023 "Thermal and chemical burns of the external surfaces of the body"
Profile: emergency

Purpose of the stage: stabilization vital important functions body

Code(s) according to ICD-10-10: T20-T25 Thermal burns of the external surfaces of the body, specified by their location

Included: thermal and chemical burns:

First degree [erythema]

Second degree [blisters] [loss of epidermis]

Third degree [deep necrosis of the underlying tissues] [loss of all layers of skin]

T20 Thermal and chemical burns of the head and neck

Included:

Eyes and other areas of the face, head and neck

Viska (regions)

Scalp (any area)

Nose (septum)

Ear (any part)

Limited to the area of ​​the eye and its adnexa(T26.-)

Mouth and pharynx (T28.-)

T20.0 Thermal burn of head and neck, unspecified degree

T20.1 Thermal burn of the head and neck, first degree

T20.2 Thermal burn head and neck second degree

T20.3 Third degree thermal burn of head and neck

T20.4 Chemical burn of head and neck, unspecified degree

T20.5 Chemical burn of the head and neck, first degree

T20.6 Chemical burn of the head and neck, second degree

T20.7 Chemical burn of the head and neck, third degree

T21 Thermal and chemical burns of the torso

Included:

Lateral abdominal wall

Anus

Interscapular region

Mammary gland

Groin area

Penis

Labia (major) (minor)

Crotch

Back (any part)

Chest walls

Abdominal walls

Gluteal region

Excluded: thermal and chemical burns:

Scapular region (T22.-)

Armpit (T22.-)

T21.0 Thermal burn of the torso, unspecified degree

T21.1 Thermal burn of the torso, first degree

T21.2 Thermal burn of the torso, second degree

T21.3 Third degree thermal burn of torso

T21.4 Chemical burn of the torso, unspecified degree

T21.5 Chemical burn of the torso, first degree

T21.6 Chemical burn of the torso, second degree

T21.7 Chemical burn of the torso, third degree

T22 Thermal and chemical burns to area shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding wrist and hand

Included:

Scapular region

Axillary region

Arms (any part other than just the wrist and hand)

Excluded: thermal and chemical burns:

Interscapular region (T21.-)

Wrists and hands only (T23.-)

T22.0 Thermal burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, unspecified degree

T22.1 Thermal burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, first degree

T22.2 Thermal burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, second degree

T22.3 Thermal burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, third degree

T22.4 Chemical burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, unspecified degree

T22.5 Chemical burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, first degree

T22.6 Chemical burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, second degree

T22.7 Chemical burn of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, excluding the wrist and hand, third degree

T23 Thermal and chemical burns of the wrist and hand

Included:

Thumb (nail)

Finger (nail)

T23.0 Thermal burn of wrist and hand, unspecified degree

T23.1 Thermal burn of the wrist and hand, first degree

T23.2 Thermal burn of the wrist and hand, second degree

T23.3 Third degree thermal burn of wrist and hand

T23.4 Chemical burn of wrist and hand, unspecified degree

T23.5 Chemical burn of wrist and hand, first degree

T23.6 Chemical burn of the wrist and hand, second degree

T23.7 Chemical burn of the wrist and hand, third degree

T24 Thermal and chemical burns hip joint And lower limb excluding ankle and foot

Included: legs (any part excluding ankle and foot)

Excluded: thermal and chemical burns only ankle joint and feet (T25.-)

T24.0 Thermal burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, unspecified degree

T24.1 Thermal burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, first degree

T24.2 Thermal burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, second degree

T24.3 Thermal burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, third degree

T24.4 Chemical burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding ankle and foot, unspecified degree

T24.5 Chemical burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, first degree

T24.6 Chemical burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, second degree

T24.7 Chemical burn of the hip joint and lower limb, excluding the ankle and foot, third degree

T25 Thermal and chemical burns of the ankle and foot area

Included: toe(s)

T25.0 Thermal burn of the ankle and foot area, unspecified degree

T25.1 Thermal burn of the ankle and foot area, first degree

T25.2 Thermal burn of the ankle and foot area, second degree

T25.3 Thermal burn of the ankle and foot area, third degree

T25.4 Chemical burn of the ankle and foot area, unspecified

T25.5 Chemical burn of the ankle and foot area, first degree

T25.6 Chemical burn of the ankle and foot area, second degree

T25.7 Chemical burn of the ankle and foot area, third degree

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL BURNS OF MULTIPLE AND UNSPECIFIED LOCALIZATION (T29-T32)

T29 Thermal and chemical burns to multiple areas of the body

Includes: thermal and chemical burns classified in more than one of T20-T28

T29.0 Thermal burns of several areas of the body, unspecified degree

T29.1 Thermal burns of multiple areas of the body, indicating no more than first degree burns

T29.2 Thermal burns of multiple areas of the body, indicating no more than second degree burns

T29.3 Thermal burns of multiple areas of the body, indicating at least one third degree burn

T29.4 Chemical burns of multiple areas of the body, unspecified degree

T29.5 Chemical burns of multiple areas of the body, indicating no more than first degree chemical burns

T29.6 Chemical burns of multiple areas of the body, indicating no more than second degree chemical burns

T29.7 Chemical burns to multiple areas of the body, indicating at least one chemical burn third degree

T30 Thermal and chemical burns of unspecified location

Excluded: thermal and chemical burns with a specified area affected

Body surfaces (T31-T32)

T30.0 Thermal burn of unspecified degree, unspecified localization

T30.1 First degree thermal burn, unspecified location

T30.2 Thermal burn of second degree, unspecified location

T30.3 Third degree thermal burn, unspecified location

T30.4 Chemical burn of unspecified degree, unspecified location

T30.5 First degree chemical burn, unspecified location

T30.6 Chemical burn of second degree, unspecified location

T30.7 Third degree chemical burn, unspecified location

T31 Thermal burns classified according to body surface area affected

Note: this category should be used for primary statistical development only in cases where the location of the thermal burn is not specified; if the localization is clarified, this rubric, if necessary, can be used as an additional code with rubrics T20-T29

T31.0 Thermal burn of less than 10% of body surface

T31.1 Thermal burn of 10-19% body surface

T31.2 Thermal burn of 20-29% body surface

T31.3 Thermal burn of 30-39% body surface

T31.4 Thermal burn of 40-49% body surface

T31.5 Thermal burn of 50-59% body surface

T31.6 Thermal burn of 60-69% body surface

T31.7 Thermal burn of 70-79% body surface

T31.8 Thermal burn of 80-89% body surface

T31.9 Thermal burn of 90% or more of the body surface

T32 Chemical burns classified according to body surface area affected

Note: this category should be used for primary development statistics only in cases where the location of the chemical burn is not specified; if the localization is clarified, this rubric, if necessary, can be used as an additional code with rubrics T20-T29

T32.0 Chemical burn of less than 10% of body surface

T32.1 Chemical burn of 10-19% body surface

T32.2 Chemical burn of 20-29% of body surface

T32.3 Chemical burn of 30-39% of body surface

T32.4 Chemical burn of 40-49% body surface

T32.5 Chemical burn of 50-59% body surface

T32.6 Chemical burn of 60-69% body surface

T32.7 Chemical burn of 70-79% body surface

T31.8 Chemical burn of 80-89% body surface

T32.9 Chemical burn of 90% or more of the body surface

Classification

The severity of local and general manifestations of burns depends on the depth of tissue damage and the area of ​​the affected surface.

The following degrees of burns are distinguished:

First degree burns - persistent hyperemia and infiltration of the skin.

Second degree burns - peeling of the epidermis and formation of blisters.

IIIa degree burns - partial necrosis of the skin with preservation of the deeper layers of the dermis and its derivatives.

IIIb degree burns - death of all skin structures (epidermis and dermis).

IV degree burns - necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues.

Determination of burn area:

1. "Rule of nine."

2. Head - 9%.

3. One upper limb - 9%.

4. One bottom surface - 18%.

5. Front and back surfaces of the body - 18% each.

6. Genitals and perineum - 1%.

7. The “palm” rule is conditional, the area of ​​the palm is approximately 1% of the total surface area of ​​the body.

Risk factors and groups

1. Nature of the agent.

2. Conditions for getting a burn.

3. Agent exposure time.

4. The size of the burn surface.

5. Multifactorial damage.

6. Ambient temperature.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic criteria

The depth of damage in a burn is determined based on the following clinical signs.

First degree burns manifested by hyperemia and swelling of the skin, as well as a burning sensation and pain. Inflammatory changes subside within a few days, the superficial layers of the epidermis peel off, and healing begins by the end of the first week.

Second degree burns are accompanied by severe swelling and hyperemia of the skin with the formation of blisters filled with yellowish exudate. Under the epidermis, which is easily removed, there is a bright pink, painful wound surface. For chemical burns of the second degree, the formation of blisters is not typical, since the epidermis is destroyed, forming a thin necrotic film, or is completely rejected.

For third degree burns At first, either a dry light brown scab forms (from flame burns) or a whitish-gray wet scab (exposure to steam, hot water). Sometimes thick-walled blisters filled with exudate form.

For IIIb degree burns dead tissue forms a scab: for flame burns - dry, dense, dark brown; for burns with hot liquids and steam - pale gray, soft, doughy consistency.

IV degree burns are accompanied by the death of tissues located under their own fascia (muscles, tendons, bones). The scab is thick, dense, sometimes with signs of charring.

At deep acid burns usually a dry, dense scab is formed (coagulation necrosis), and when affected by alkali, the scab is soft for the first 2-3 days (liquation necrosis), gray, and later it undergoes purulent melting or dries out.

Electrical burns They are almost always deep (IIIb-IV degrees). Tissues are damaged at the points of entry and exit of current, on the contacting surfaces of the body along the path of the shortest passage of current, sometimes in the grounding zone, the so-called “current marks”, which look like whitish or brown spots, in place of which a dense scab is formed, as if pressed in relation to to surrounding intact skin.

Electrical burns are often combined with thermal burns, caused by an electric arc flash or ignition of clothing.

List of main diagnostic measures:

1. Collection of complaints and general therapeutic anamnesis.

2. General therapeutic visual examination.

3.Measurement blood pressure on peripheral arteries.

4. Pulse examination.

5. Heart rate measurement.

6. Respiration rate measurement.

7. General therapeutic palpation.

8. General therapeutic percussion.

9. General therapeutic auscultation.

List of additional diagnostic measures:

1. Pulse oximetry.

2. Registration, interpretation and description of the electrocardiogram.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis carried out based on an assessment of local clinical signs. Determine the depth of the lesion, especially in the first minutes and hours after the burn, when external resemblance is observed various degrees burns are quite difficult. The nature of the agent and the conditions under which the injury occurred must be taken into account. Absence of pain reaction when pricked with a needle, pulling out hair, touching the burned surface with an alcohol swab; the disappearance of the “play of capillaries” after short-term finger pressure indicates that the lesion is no less than grade IIIb. If a pattern of subcutaneous thrombosed veins can be seen under the dry scab, then the burn is reliably deep (IV degree).

With chemical burns, the boundaries of the lesion are usually clear, and streaks often form - narrow strips of affected skin extending from the periphery of the main lesion. Appearance The area of ​​the burn depends on the type of chemical. In case of burns with sulfuric acid, the scab is brown or black, with nitric acid it is yellow-green, and with hydrochloric acid it is light yellow. IN early dates You may also smell the substance that caused the burn.

Treatment

Treatment tactics

The goal of treatment is to stabilize the vital functions of the body.First of all, it is necessary to stop the action of the damaging agent and removevictim from the area of ​​exposure to thermal radiation, smoke, toxic productscombustion. This is usually already done before the ambulance arrives. Soaked in hotliquid, clothing must be removed immediately.

Local hypothermia (cooling) of burned tissues immediately after cessationaction of the thermal agent contributes to the rapid reduction of interstitialtemperature, which weakens its damaging effect. For this there may bewater, ice, snow, special cooling packs were used, especially whenlimited area burns.

For chemical burns after removing clothing soaked in chemicalssubstance, and abundant washing for 10-15 minutes (if applied late, do notless than 30-40 minutes) the affected area with a large amount of running coldwater, begin to use chemical neutralizers that increaseeffectiveness of first aid. Then a dry cloth is applied to the affected areas.aseptic dressing.

Damaging agent	Means of neutralization
Lime	Lotions with 20% sugar solution
Carbolic acid	Dressings with glycerin or lime milk
Chromic acid	Dressing with 5% sodium thiosulfate solution*
Hydrofluoric acid	Dressings with %5 solution of aluminum carbonate or glycerin mixture and magnesium oxide
Borohydride compounds	Bandage with ammonia
Selenium oxide	Dressings with 10% sodium thiosulfate solution*
Aluminum-organic connections	Wiping the affected surface with gasoline, kerosene, alcohol
White phosphorus	Bandage with 3-5% solution copper sulfate or 5% solution potassium permanganate*
Acids	Sodium bicarbonate*
Alkalis	1% solution acetic acid, 0.5-3% solution boric acid*
Phenol	40-70% ethyl alcohol*
Chromium compounds	1% hyposulfite solution
Mustard gas	2% chloramine solution, calcium hypochloride*

In case of thermal damage, clothing from burned areas is not removed, but cut and carefully removed. After this, a bandage is applied, and if it is missing, use any clean cloth. Do not clean the dressing before applying it.burnt surface from stuck clothing, remove (pierce) blisters.

To remove pain syndrome, especially with extensive burns, victimsSedatives must be administered - diazepam* 10 mg-2.0 ml IV (Seduxen, Elenium, Relanium,Sibazon, Valium), painkillers - narcotic analgesics(promedol(trimepyridine hydrochloride) 1%-2.0 ml, morphine 1%-2.0 ml, fentanyl 0.005%-1.0 ml IV),and in their absence - any painkillers (baralgin 5.0 ml IV, analgin 50% -2.0 IV, ketamine 5% - 2.0* ml IV) and antihistamines- diphenhydramine 1% -1.0ml* IV (diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin).

If the patient does not have nausea, vomiting, even if he does not have thirst, it is necessarypersuade to drink 0.5-1.0 liters of liquid.

Seriously ill patients with burns covering a total area of ​​more than 20% of the body surface,start immediately infusion therapy: intravenous stream glucose-saltsolutions (0.9% sodium chloride solution*, trisol*, 5-10% glucose solution*), in volume,ensuring stabilization of hemodynamic parameters.

Indications for hospitalization:
- first degree burns of more than 15-20% of the body surface;

Second degree burns on an area of ​​more than 10% of the body surface;
- IIIa degree burns on the areamore than 3-5% of body surface;
- burns of IIIb-IV degree;
- burns of the face, hands, feet,perineum;
- chemical burns, electrical trauma and electrical burns.

All victims who are in a state of burn shock with severe

3. *Sodium thiosulfate 30% -10.0 ml, amp.

4. *Ethyl alcohol 70% -10.0, fl.

5. *Boric acid 3% -10.0 ml, vial.

6. *Calcium hypochloride, por.

7. *Fentanyl 0.005% -1.0 ml, amp.

8. *Morphine 1% -1.0 ml, amp.

9. *Sibazon 10 mg-2.0 ml, amp.

10. * Glucose 5% -500.0 ml, vial.

11. * Trisol - 400.0 ml, fl.

* - drugs included in the list of essential (vital) medicines.

Information

Sources and literature

1. Protocols for diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Order No. 764 of December 28, 2007)
   1. 1. Clinical guidelines based on evidence-based medicine: Per. from English / Ed. Yu.L. Shevchenko, I.N. Denisova, V.I. Kulakova, R.M. Khaitova. -2nd ed., revised - M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2002. - 1248 p.: ill. 2. Guide for emergency physicians / Ed. V.A. Mikhailovich, A.G. Miroshnichenko - 3rd edition, revised and expanded - SPb.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2005.-704p. 3. Management tactics and emergency medical care in emergency conditions. Guide for doctors./ A.L. Vertkin - Astana, 2004.-392 p. 4. Birtanov E.A., Novikov S.V., Akshalova D.Z. Development of clinical guidelines and protocols for diagnosis and treatment, taking into account modern requirements. Guidelines. Almaty, 2006, 44 p. 5. Order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 22, 2004 No. 883 “On approval of the List of essential (vital) medicines.” 6. Order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 30, 2005 No. 542 “On introducing amendments and additions to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 7, 2004 No. 854 “On approval of the Instructions for the formation of the List of essential (vital) medicines.”

Information

Head of the Department of Ambulance and Emergency Medical Care, Internal Medicine No. 2 of the Kazakh National medical university them. S.D. Asfendiyarova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Turlanov K.M.

Employees of the Department of Ambulance and Emergency Medical Care, Internal Medicine No. 2 of the Kazakh National Medical University named after. S.D. Asfendiyarova: candidate of medical sciences, associate professor Vodnev V.P.; candidate of medical sciences, associate professor Dyusembayev B.K.; Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor Akhmetova G.D.; candidate of medical sciences, associate professor Bedelbaeva G.G.; Almukhambetov M.K.; Lozhkin A.A.; Madenov N.N.

Head of the Department of Emergency Medicine of Almaty state institute advanced training for doctors - candidate of medical sciences, associate professor Rakhimbaev R.S.

Employees of the Department of Emergency Medicine of the Almaty State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies: Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor Silachev Yu.Ya.; Volkova N.V.; Khairulin R.Z.; Sedenko V.A.

Attached files

Attention!

• By self-medicating, you can cause irreparable harm to your health.
• The information posted on the MedElement website and in the mobile applications "MedElement", "Lekar Pro", "Dariger Pro", "Diseases: Therapist's Guide" cannot and should not replace a face-to-face consultation with a doctor. Be sure to contact medical institutions if you have any diseases or symptoms that bother you.
• The choice of medications and their dosage must be discussed with a specialist. Only a doctor can prescribe the right medicine and its dosage taking into account the disease and condition of the patient’s body.
• MedElement website and mobile applications"MedElement", "Lekar Pro", "Dariger Pro", "Diseases: Therapist's Directory" are solely information and reference resources. The information posted on this site should not be used to unauthorizedly change doctor's orders.
• The editors of MedElement are not responsible for any personal injury or property damage resulting from the use of this site.

An eye burn can be caused by thermal, chemical or radiation exposure, which requires immediate medical attention. Accompanied by severe pain, blurred vision, swelling of the eyelids, with the conjunctiva - the outer membrane that covers the eyeball.

ICD-10 code: T26 Thermal and chemical burns limited to the eye and its adnexa

Signs of a burn

The photo shows a chemical burn to the eye due to exposure to a chemical.

The organ of vision can be damaged:

• open fire;
• boiling water and steam;
• chemical effects on the eyeball (lime, acid and alkali);
• less often it is affected by ultraviolet and infrared radiation;
• Ionizing damage to the organs of vision occurs under the influence of radiation sources.

Symptoms of a burn include the following:

Signs and symptoms of eye burns in the photo

• A mild degree is manifested by sharp pain, redness and slight swelling of the surrounding tissue. There is a feeling of being hit foreign body, violation of the contrast of vision of objects, blurred vision.
• Under influence high temperature On the organs of vision, the conjunctiva dies. As a result, ulcers form, which lead to the fusion of the eyelid with the eyeball.
• When the cornea, the front convex part of the eye, is damaged, lacrimation and photophobia occur, vision is impaired from simple deterioration to complete loss.
• When the iris of the eye is damaged, which regulates the dilation and contraction of the pupil and clouding of the retina, the organ of vision becomes inflamed and vision decreases. Infection of the resulting wounds leads to damage, and deep chemical burns cause perforation and death of the eye.

Initial assistance is carried out at the scene of the accident - it consists of rinsing the eye and applying medications. More intensive treatment is provided in a medical facility.

Burn diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of an eye burn using visual assessment at the scene

An eye burn is diagnosed by history and clinical picture. Anamnesis is a summary of information obtained from interviewing the patient and those present at the accident. Clinical picture supplements the anamnesis with symptoms (single manifestations of the disease) and syndromes (the totality of the occurrence and development of the disease).

Treatment of eye burns

First aid is provided at the scene of the accident, then the patient is taken to the ophthalmology center. An eye burn is treated in the following sequence:

Primary treatment measures

1. Flush the affected eye generously with saline or water.
2. Washing tear ducts, removal of foreign bodies.
3. Instillation of pain relievers.

Subsequent treatment in hospital

1. Instillation of cytoplegic agents that reduce painful sensations and prevent the formation of adhesions.
2. Tear substitutes and antioxidants are used.
3. To stimulate the corneal restoration process, eye gels are applied.

When treated without medication in case of complex nature and large area of ​​eye damage, for example, with a chemical burn of the cornea, active substances delete surgical method. Conducted surgical interventions on the eyeball or conjunctiva.

Probable forecast

Overgrowth of an eyesore after a burn

Prognosis for burn injuries to the eyes is determined by the nature and severity of the injury. The urgency of the specialized medical care provided and the correctness of drug therapy are important.

In case of severe injuries, the conjunctival plane usually forms, overgrows, and decreases visual function And complete atrophy eyeball with complete loss of vision. After a successful outcome of treatment after an eye burn, the patient is observed by a specialist for a year.

Complications from a burn

An example of complications on the cornea and sclera after an eye burn

The pathological process after a burn is often protracted with relapses of inflammation. Corneal regeneration does not end there full recovery connective tissues with suppression of the inflammatory process.

A complication of the healing process of corneal tissue is deterioration in vision, repeated inflammation or erosion of the cornea and hardening of the tissue through long time after operation.

In severe cases, glaucoma may develop, which leads not only to decreased vision, but also to loss of the sense of color. And violations of the full metabolism in the organ of vision leads to a deterioration in its supply nutrients. Often the injury manifested itself years later as a depressed state, or overexcitement of the patient in the form of a decrease in blood pressure.

How to prevent eye burns?

To prevent serious eye injury, follow strict safety precautions when handling:

• chemicals;
• substances that are easily flammable;
• household chemicals.

Eye protection sunburn— safety glasses with light filters

To prevent radiation damage to the eyes, you should use protective glasses with light filters.

Burn injury to the eyes is a complex injury. But if the patient was immediately provided with competent medical care, the diagnosis was made correctly, the organ of vision can be saved.

The photo shows an extensive burn of the cornea with subsequent healing of the eyesore

In case further treatment was carried out in full in a specialized clinic, then the restoration of eyeball tissue is successful, and complications are not detected by doctors.

In contact with

This is an eye burn emergency, requiring immediate action. Eye burns, whether thermal or chemical, are among the most dangerous and can cause vision loss. Caustic substances may cause limited or diffuse damage to the cornea. The consequences of burns depend on the type and concentration of the solution, pH, duration and temperature of the substance.

, , , ,

ICD-10 code

T26.4 Thermal burn of the eye and its adnexa, unspecified localization

T26.9 Chemical burn of the eye and its adnexa, unspecified localization

Causes of eye burns

Eye injuries most often result from contact with chemicals, thermal agents, various radiations, electric current.

• Alkalis(slaked or quicklime, lime mortar) upon contact with the eyes lead to the most serious burns, causing necrosis and destroying the tissue structure. The conjunctiva takes on a greenish tint, and the cornea becomes porcelain white.
• Acids. Acid burns are not as serious as alkaline burns. The acid causes the corneal protein to clot, which prevents damage to the deeper structures of the eye.
• Ultraviolet radiation. An eye burn from ultraviolet radiation can occur after tanning in a solarium, or if you look at bright Sun rays reflected from the surface of water or snow.
• Hot gases and liquids. The stage of the burn depends on the temperature and duration of exposure.
• Feature electric shock is painlessness, a clear distinction between healthy and dead tissue. Severe burns provoke eye hemorrhages and retinal swelling. Clouding of the cornea also occurs. When exposed to electric current, both eyes are often affected.

, , ,

Eye burn from welding

When the welding machine operates, an electric arc is generated that emits ultraviolet radiation. This radiation can cause electroophthalmia (severe burn of the mucous membrane). The reasons for the occurrence are non-compliance with safety regulations, powerful ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and the effect of smoke generated during welding on the eyes. Symptoms: uncontrollable lacrimation, sharp pain, eye hyperemia, swollen eyelids, pain when moving eyeballs, photophobia. If electroophthalmia occurs, it is forbidden to rub your eyes with your hands, since rubbing only intensifies the pain and leads to the spread of inflammation. It is important to immediately wash the eyes. If the retina is not damaged by the burn, then vision will be restored within one to three days.

, , ,

Risk factors

Stages

Burns come in four stages. The first is the easiest, respectively, the fourth is the heaviest.

• The first degree is redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva, clouding of the cornea.
• Second degree - blisters and superficial films on the conjunctiva form on the skin of the eyelids.
• Third degree - necrotic changes in the skin of the eyelids, deep films on the conjunctiva that are practically not removed and a clouded cornea that resembles opaque glass.
• The fourth degree is necrosis of the skin, conjunctiva and sclera with deep opacification of the cornea. An ulcer forms in place of the necrotic areas, the healing process of which ends with scars.

, , , , , ,

Diagnosis of eye burns

As a rule, there are no problems with diagnosing an eye burn. Installed on base characteristic symptoms and interviewing the patient or witnesses to the event. The diagnosis should be made as quickly as possible. Using tests and examination: the doctor determines the factor that caused the burn and draws up a conclusion.

After graduation acute period, in order to assess damage, it is recommended to carry out instrumental and differential diagnosis- external examination of the eye using an eyelid lifter, measure intraocular pressure, conduct biomicroscopy to identify ulcers on the cornea, ophthalmoscopy.

, , , ,

Treatment of eye burns

Urgent Care, is aimed at determining which substance caused the burn. IN as soon as possible it is necessary to remove the irritant from the eye. It can be removed with a tissue or cotton swab. If possible, the material is removed from the conjunctiva by everting upper eyelid and clean it with a tampon. Then rinse the affected eye with water or a disinfectant solution such as two percentage solution boric acid, three percent tannin solution or other liquids. Rinsing should be repeated for several minutes. To reduce the accompanying burn severe pain and fear, you can anesthetize the patient and give sedatives.

You can use a dicaine solution (0.25-0.5%) for drip anesthesia. A sterile bandage is then placed on the eye, covering the entire eye, and then the patient is immediately transported to the hospital for further actions to preserve vision. In the future, it is necessary to fight to prevent fusion of the eyelids and destruction of the cornea.

It is recommended to place a pad of gauze on your eyelids, which is soaked antiseptic ointment, use eserine drops 0.03%. It is allowed to use eye drops with antibiotics:

• tobrex 0.3% (instill 1-2 drops every hour; contraindications – intolerance to any component of the drug; can be prescribed to children from birth.),
• signicef ​​0.5% (1-2 drops every two hours up to eight times a day, reducing the dosage to four times a day. The duration of treatment is determined individually. Side effects– local allergic reactions.),
• drops of chloramphenicol 0.25% instilled with a pipette once three times a day, one drop)
• Taufon drops 4% (topically, in the form of instillation two or three drops 3-4 times a day. Contraindications and side effects No),
• in severe conditions, dexamethasone is prescribed (can be prescribed both locally and by injection, 4–20 mg intramuscularly three to four times a day).

Do not allow the damaged eye to dry out. To prevent this from happening, apply generous lubrication with Vaseline and xeroform ointment. Anti-tetanus serum is administered. For general support of the body in case of a burn of the cornea of ​​the eye in rehabilitation period It is recommended to prescribe vitamins. They are used orally or as intramuscular or intravenous injections.

Massage and physiotherapeutic treatment can be used to improve blood circulation.

The goal of inpatient treatment is to preserve eye function as much as possible. For first and second degree burns, the prognosis is favorable. With the last two it is shown surgical treatment- layer-by-layer or penetrating keratoplasty.

After the acute phase of the burn has passed, you can use folk remedies, homeopathic remedies and herbal treatment.

Treatment of burns with traditional methods

It is necessary to eat as many carrots as possible, as they contain carotene, which is beneficial for our eyes.

Add to your diet fish fat. It contains nitrogenous material and polysaturated acids that promote tissue restoration.

For a minor burn from electric welding, you can cut a potato in half and apply it to your eyes.

Herbal treatment

One tablespoon of dried clover flowers is poured into one glass of boiling water and left for one hour. Use for external use.

Dry thyme (one spoon) is poured with one glass of boiling water. Let it brew for one hour. Apply externally.

Pour twenty grams of crushed plantain leaves into 1 cup of boiling water and leave for one hour. For external use.

Homeopathic remedies

• Oculoheel - the drug is used for eye irritation and conjunctivitis. Anti-inflammatory. Prescribed for adults: one or two drops twice a day. There are no contraindications. There are no known side effects.
• Mucosa compositum - used for inflammatory, erosive diseases of the mucous membranes. At the beginning of treatment, one ampoule is prescribed every day for three days. There are no known side effects. There are no contraindications.
• Gelseminum. Gelseminum. Active substance Made from the underground part of the Gelsemium evergreen plant. Recommended for relieving acute stabbing pain in the eye, glaucoma. Adults take 8 granules three to five times daily.
• Aurum. Aurum. A remedy for deep lesions of organs and tissues. Recommended intake for adults: 8 granules 3 times a day. It has no contraindications.

All given in this article are traditional and not traditional methods Treatments are for informational purposes only. What may have a positive effect on one person may not work for another. Therefore, do not self-medicate, visit a specialist.

Prevention

Experts say that in most cases, burns can be prevented. Preventive actions can be reduced to easy execution safety rules when working with flammable liquids, chemicals, household chemicals, and working with electrical appliances. When you are in bright sunshine, wear Sunglasses. Patients who have suffered corneal burns are recommended to be followed by an ophthalmologist for one year after the injury.