Home Prosthetics and implantation Cat's nose bleeds when sneezing. What to do if your cat sneezes blood? How to help an animal? The best nasal drops

Prosthetics and implantation

Cat's nose bleeds when sneezing. What to do if your cat sneezes blood? How to help an animal? The best nasal drops

Bleeding from the nose when sneezing in cats is not an independent disease, but a consequence of some internal or external problem. Sometimes nosebleeds are a single manifestation of some temporary disorder that will go away on their own after some time, sometimes they are a consequence of a serious pathological process occurring in the body that requires immediate therapeutic measures. In any case, this phenomenon cannot be ignored, and if a cat sneezes with blood, it is imperative to find out the cause of this phenomenon.

What is nosebleed like?

The severity can be acute or chronic. Acute is usually not accompanied by any additional symptoms and it starts suddenly. Chronic is when a slight leakage of the ichor is periodically noticed.

According to the place of leakage - one-sided or two-sided (from one nostril or, respectively, from two). This is very important to pay attention to correct diagnosis, because bleeding from both nostrils is typical infectious diseases and internal non-contagious pathologies, i.e. There is a general impairment of health, and one of them is a symptomatic pathology (trauma, foreign body, tumor, etc.). Predisposition to bleeding or genetic pathologies usually not considered, because These cases are recorded extremely rarely and at the very last moment, when all classical causes are excluded.

Treatment

First aid consists of giving the cat a sedative and applying a cold compress to the nose. You shouldn’t panic, because the felinologist’s condition is transmitted to the cat, he rushes about, and the bleeding intensifies.

Treatment consists of stopping hemorrhage using cold and vasoconstrictor medications. If symptoms of an infectious disease are detected, prescribe antimicrobials. In severe situations, surgery is performed.

All possible causes of blood

There are many reasons for a cat's nose to bleed. The most common are:

Symptoms of pathology

The nature of the discharge will help determine which disorder contributed to the appearance of the pathological discharge:

purulent exudate that is light brown, yellow, or greenish in color may indicate bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, viral infection and various diseases eye of bacterial origin;
thick cloudy mucus: various viral diseases(no discharge of pus is observed);
milky exudate: cat flu;
brown discharge: most common reasons– epiphora, developing as a result of obstruction tear ducts(accompanied by dermatitis, hair loss in the eye sockets, itching);
profuse lacrimation, accompanied by reddening of the whites, frequent blinking, photophobia: allergic reaction, penetration of a foreign body, trauma;
red liquid: usually this also means brown discharge, but it has a reddish tint in animals of light or white color;
clear, watery, odorless liquid: normal if lacrimation goes away after a short period of time.

Important! Additional signs If an infectious disease occurs, the animal will have loss of appetite, lethargy, and a dry nose.

What is the connection between nosebleeds and periodontal diseases (periodontal tissues)

In cats upper jaw thin jaw bone and very long roots of molars. If the tooth and/or alveolar tissues are affected by severe, advanced inflammation, then microorganisms, their waste products and tissue decay elements easily enter the nasal cavities. Inflammatory process in this place is necessarily accompanied by damage to blood vessels and capillaries, because this area is very well supplied with blood. Bleeding will not take long to occur, ranging from minor capillary to serious and intense.

Doctor's appointment: what is important to say

If you notice swelling on the body, deformation or asymmetry of the muzzle, the appearance of a third eyelid, its redness, swelling of the back of the nose - this should be reported first. Important: these pets are accepted without a queue!
Black, soiled stool indicates intestinal bleeding. Vomiting blood is a stomach issue. However, vomiting after bleeding may be a consequence rather than a cause, since the cat simply swallows a large amount of blood.
If the mucous membranes oral cavity acquire marble color, tell your doctor immediately. This is a clear sign severe bleeding, the pet needs urgent hospitalization and qualified care.
The veterinarian should be notified of any medications the cat may have taken.

Signs when bleeding from the nasal passages becomes potentially dangerous

If your mustachioed pet is bleeding from the nose, and this phenomenon is accompanied by any other signs, this is a reason to immediately go to the veterinarian:

there is deformation of the muzzle, increasing swelling (blood accumulates under the skin);
the cat sneezes blood from the nose, and everything around it is splashed, as if from a spray bottle - this is a sign of active, unstoppable blood loss, due to which the bleeding during sneezing intensifies;
the mucous membranes of the oral cavity turn pale or become marbling (a sign of intense blood loss);
the presence of blood in the mouth, signs of damage to the teeth and gums in the upper jaw, gumboil (periodontal disease);
the cat is in a semi-conscious state, the breathing process is disrupted due to obstruction of the nasal passages (cats breathe through their nose, any obstacle created in the nasal passages will potentially complicate the breathing process, causing suffocation);
change in the color of the stool to brown-black and consistency to a sticky state (a sign that not all the blood comes out through the nose, some goes inside);
the bleeding from the nose stops, but after a while it starts flowing again; the animal is drowsy, lethargic, eats poorly or does not eat at all.

The cat's eye is bloodshot photo

If blood appears in the eyes, many ophthalmologists also recommend excluding other viral infections (immunodeficiency, panleukopenia and rhinotracheitis). Very often their course or complications lead to different types conjunctivitis.

What should the owner do when bleeding is detected?

No panic!

First of all, it is important not to panic! Cats feel nervous tension person, their internal excitement also begins to increase. If a cat has a nose bleed due to high blood pressure, then the intensity of this process will only intensify. Therefore, it is important for the owner to control himself.

Use the cold!

Then you need to apply something cold to the bridge of your nose (for example, snow from the freezer, wrapped in a bag and a thin towel). The cold will help narrow the blood vessels and stop the bloody streams. Hold it carefully, without pressing too hard or blocking the nostrils, so as not to impede breathing. Periodically remove the cold object (compress) so as not to overcool the nose.

Conduct an inspection

Using regular wet wipes or paper towels, gauze pads and water, gently wash the nose and inspect it and the mouth.

It is important to remember at least the approximate time when the bleeding was discovered, the length of time during which it was stopped, and what unusual was noticed during the examination.

Go to the vet

If the bleeding does not stop and/or there are problems breathing, you should immediately go to the veterinarian. If the animal’s condition is satisfactory, a visit to a specialist is also mandatory, with the only difference being that at the first opportunity and without haste. You should also go to a veterinarian if the cause of the bleeding has been established, but the owner cannot eliminate it on his own.

If your kitten's nose is bleeding

If a similar phenomenon is found in small kittens, then there is no point in trying to find out the cause on your own: the nasal passages are very small, it is impossible to see anything yourself, and breathing may be impaired due to blockage of the nasal passages with coagulated blood. You must immediately look for a way to seek help from a specialist!

What to do if there is blood coming from the eye?

The treatment regimen is prescribed by a veterinarian; self-medication leads to loss of vision for the pet. Tumors and phlegmons are removed using surgical intervention. To suppress bacteria, antibiotics are used, which the veterinarian prescribes individually. Surgery also needs to be done for injuries, when the veterinarian removes a foreign body from an organ. In severe cases, enucleation is performed and the eyelids are sutured. If one eye is swollen and bleeding due to dacryocystitis, the lacrimal sac is washed using boric acid or solutions of “Furacilin”, “Protargol”. If therapy is ineffective, surgery is recommended. Hyphema, which occurs against the background of other pathologies, is cured when the main cause of the hemorrhage is eliminated. Sore eyes in kittens and adult cats should be treated daily with antiseptic eye products.

Diagnosis by a veterinarian

First of all, the veterinarian needs to provide full information not only about the condition of the animal at the time of treatment, but also about the lifestyle the day before.

A sample list of questions to determine the cause of a cat’s nosebleed is as follows:

Has the owner or his family given you any medications in the last few days? Which ones exactly? For what purpose? Dosage?
Have rat baits been used in the house? Is it possible for a cat/cat to gain access to them?
Have you had contact with other cats? Fights?
Could the cat injure itself - fall, get hit by a car, or someone could hit it?
Is there watery eyes, snot, or sneezing? Does the cat rub its face with its paws?
Is the bleeding one-sided or two-sided?
Vomit? Character of vomit? Before the blood appears or after?
State of stool? Is there blood in the stool?
Are there problems with your mouth and teeth? Do you have bleeding in the mouth? Are the mucous membranes pale? Is there marbling?
Does the cat have any signs of hemorrhage or swelling in its body (suspicion of subcutaneous bleeding).
Is your pet breathing normally? Wheezing due to excessive blood flow from the nostrils?
Allow your pet to be examined by a doctor for deformation of the muzzle, swelling of the bridge of the nose and any asymmetry. Are there any changes in the eyeballs? Tears?

In addition to collecting a detailed history (living conditions) of the animal, it may be necessary to do a number of tests and clinical tests:

general analysis of blood and urine, as well as their biochemistry (allows you to assess the state of the cellular composition and the presence of red blood cells in the urine);
serological tests to determine the presence of rickettsia and fungal agents;
status check blood pressure(normally, a cat’s indicators should be at the level of 120/70 – 180/130, depending on the age and condition of the cardiovascular system);
rhinoscopy, and, if necessary, x-ray nose;
snapshot chest(blood from the nose and mouth can occur due to ruptured lungs and other pulmonary lesions);
deep endoscopic examination;
biopsy of the mucous membrane from the nasal passages;
diagnostic surgery.

Some of the diagnostics listed may require local or general anesthesia!

Only after collecting anamnesis, clinical examination and appropriate tests can an accurate analysis be performed and adequate treatment prescribed!

Prevention measures

Cats are incredibly clean and can take care of their eyes on their own. They wash themselves regularly, putting themselves in order, but they are not able to cope with the disease. Owners of four-legged furry dogs should check them regularly. Particular attention is paid to animals that walk outside. To prevent pathology it is necessary:

Feed your pet high-quality food. Balance your diet and don’t experiment with it.
Visit the veterinarian, get vaccinations and examination of internal organs.
Ensure your pet has an active lifestyle, play with him, and go out into the fresh air.
Protect from contact with sick and unfamiliar animals.
Regularly cleanse the body of helminths.
Monitor the length of the claws and trim them in time so that the pet does not injure itself.

Owners of purebred cats prone to excessive tearfulness should take it as a rule daily processing eye. With increased tear production associated with the characteristics of the breed, you may not immediately notice that the animal has health problems. Monitor the nature of the discharge and pay attention to your pet’s behavior.

Simple prevention methods will help protect your cat from various troubles, including eye problems. If you have the slightest doubt about the causes of tearing, contact veterinary clinic. Remember that home remedies are temporary measures to combat the problem. Only a doctor can rid an animal of the causes of unpleasant discharge.

Veterinary assistance when visiting the clinic

First aid will definitely be aimed at stopping the bleeding. All subsequent manipulations and healing procedures will be carried out only after an accurate diagnosis has been made and the reason why the cat has there's blood coming out.

Means for symptomatic stopping of bleeding from the nasal cavity:

Adrenalin at a dosage of 0.02-0.05 ml (1:1000) subcutaneously (cannot be used if nosebleeds are associated with lung injury, because it dilates the pulmonary vessels).
Antipyrine 20% or hydrogen peroxide for moistening thin cotton-gauze swabs that are inserted directly into the nasal passages.
Ephedrine 2%(with caution) subcutaneously or into muscle at a dose of 1-30 mg under strict supervision. Do not use in pregnant women or with high blood pressure. Used for prolonged rhinitis with blood.
Calcium chloride or gluconate 10%- intravenously slowly in a dose of 5-10 ml, depending on the intensity of the pathology.
Vikasol– into the femoral muscle at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg body weight (usually 10 mg of vitamin K in 1 ml of solution), after warming the ampoule in your hands.

If the cat continues to bleed from the nose and his general condition worsens, a decision is made to put the animal under anesthesia for diagnostic surgery. Identified causes are eliminated immediately after identifying the source of bleeding in various ways (removal of tumors or foreign objects, coagulation of blood vessels, etc.).

Depending on the type of infectious disease identified, antimicrobial, antiviral or antifungal therapy is prescribed. In case of extensive blood loss - restorative-replacement drips.

Diagnostics

The animal must undergo an ophthalmoscopy of the diseased organ.
If a cat has a swollen eye and there is a trail of blood, the veterinarian will find out possible reason condition, conducts an external examination and prescribes diagnostic procedures, such as:

ophthalmoscopy;
radiography;
measurement of intraocular and blood pressure;
electroretinogram;
microscopy;
fluorescein test;
Ultrasound of ocular structures.

Question and answer (if...)

blood comes only from one side

With unilateral bleeding from any nostril, traumatic factors are always first suspected - blows, foreign objects, neoplasms, unilateral periodontal disease, etc. An important diagnostic sign.

cat nosebleeds from both nostrils

Bilateral bleeding in a cat is always a sign of a global health problem ( infectious diseases, disruption of the functioning of individual organs or systems, heat strokes, poisoning or surges in blood pressure). You need to let your veterinarian determine exactly what’s wrong with your pet.

cat snot with blood

With prolonged rhinitis of various natures, processes begin similar to the melting of the mucous membrane with injury to blood vessels and small capillaries. In such cases, ichor mixed with snot is usually observed. Hemostatic therapy is combined with decongestant therapy, and is also aimed at treating rhinitis.

nosebleeds accompanied by difficulty breathing

If your cat has difficulty breathing when he has a nosebleed, there may be a foreign object in the nose, a tumor, worms, severe swelling, or a crooked nose due to injury. Often occurs with advanced infectious diseases, when the mucous membrane is affected and blood vessels inside. If you suspect suffocation, immediately contact a specialist!

there is deformation of the muzzle, swelling, pain

Most often, this condition occurs when there is a blow to the head, falls, or when an animal gets hit by a car. Traumatic swelling, hemorrhages in subcutaneous tissue, soreness, blood from the nose, mobility of the skull bones leaves no doubt that the pet received a head injury. You need to take your cat to a hospital as soon as possible to provide the necessary assistance.

the cat is lethargic, does not eat, and she/he has pale/marbled mucous membranes

These are all signs of anemia from serious blood loss. Nosebleeds alone cannot provoke this condition; there is always a risk of internal bleeding, which must be identified and stopped as quickly as possible.

First aid

It is necessary to calm the animal. Otherwise, an excited state can increase blood pressure, which will contribute to increased bleeding. Never give it to your pet sedatives. This can only harm the situation.
Calm down yourself. Remember: the cat catches nervous condition its owner.
You can reduce bleeding by applying an ice pack to the bridge of your nose.
If there is no positive dynamics and if there is difficulty breathing, urgently call a veterinarian at home or go to the clinic yourself.

Non-dangerous causes of cats sneezing

If you are the owner of a curious kitten or a young cat who loves to play behind a closet that hasn't been cleaned in a long time, then don't be surprised by sneezing.

Dust gets into your nose, in this case you don’t need to do anything, it will go away on its own.

Also, your pet may be irritated by a strong smell - tobacco, perfume, toilet freshener. Trying to get rid of unpleasant sensations, the animal may snort and sneeze many times in a row.

Sometimes the reaction serves as an expression of dissatisfaction: for example, with its own dirty tray, which the pet will sniff with a “dissatisfied” look.

You can relieve your tailed friend from discomfort:

Removing all strong odors - perfumes, air fresheners, filler with “flavors”.
By doing regular wet cleaning in the apartment, not only the cat will appreciate it.
Cleaning your cat's litter box regularly.

The main criterion for “non-dangerous” sneezing is that it occurs situationally: after going to the closet, after the owner smokes a cigarette, or after the owner wears perfume. And it goes away within a few minutes.

Predisposing factors

In veterinary practice, the following reasons are most often identified, under the influence of which brownish exudate can be released from a cat’s eyes:

Congenital or acquired disorders of eyelash growth.
So, in some animals, eyelashes from birth grow not outward, but inward. There are also rare cases when fur begins to appear over the entire inner surface of the eyelids. Of course, in such animals the cornea is constantly wounded and damaged, chronic inflammation develops, which is accompanied by the release of large volumes of exudate.

Let's summarize

We figured out the reasons for the appearance of discharge from the eyes of cats. They can be caused by:

infectious and viral diseases;
disruption of lacrimal outflow;
wrong diet.

In most cases, only a veterinarian can help your pet. But make it easier discomfort Before the cat is examined by a specialist, the owner is capable. To do this, you need to wipe her eyes with a chamomile solution, saline solution or an antiseptic without alcohol.

The best nasal drops

Special medications will help cure colds or reduce the volume of discharge due to allergies:

Anandin - consists of glucoaminopropylacridone, glycerin and 95% water. The product should be instilled 2-3 times a day, 2-4 drops, depending on the weight of the cat. Drops provide antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects.
Fosprenil – antiviral drug, helps well with serious infectious diseases, but is characterized by at a high price. Basics active substance– disodium salt of polyprenols phosphate.
Maxidin – stimulates the activity of the animal’s immune system to fight the disease, is an aqueous solution of germanium bis(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) (BPDH).
Thymogen - drops based on alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan, increase immunity, promote the healing of purulent damage to the mucosa.

At home, you can use a solution of tannin, soda, sea salt or zinc sulfate. IN emergency situations Children's drops for a runny nose are suitable - Galazolin, Naphthyzin, Otrivin.

If the cat’s condition does not change and the runny nose does not go away, be sure to show the animal to the veterinarian.

Kitty. Snot with blood

It looks like rhinotracheitis, read the article! Infectious, or herpesvirus, feline rhinotracheitis is an acute disease characterized by damage to the eyes and respiratory system. All breeds of cats are affected, regardless of age. Morbidity reaches 50%, mortality - 5-20%. The recovered animal acquires immunity. The causative agent is a virus with a size of 151-225 nm from the Herpesviridae family, which persists at a temperature of 60-70 ° C and pH 6-9 for up to 9 months. A temperature of 56 °C inactivates it in 20 minutes, 37 °C in 4-10 days, 22 °C in 50 days. The virus is sensitive to ether and chloroform, and solutions of sodium hydroxide, formalin and phenol (1-2%) inactivate the pathogen in 10 minutes. The source of the infectious agent is sick and recovered cats, which are carriers of the virus for 8-9 months after recovery. The pathogen is detected in the respiratory tract of cats within 50 days. Possible latent carriage. The virus is released through nasal secretions, discharge from the eyes and genitals, milk, urine, feces, and semen. The route of transmission may be contaminated air, feed, care items, vehicles, as well as insects, people who have had contact with sick animals. IN natural conditions animals become infected mainly aerogenously. The spread of the disease is facilitated by reduced body resistance, overheating or hypothermia, inadequate feeding and inappropriate living conditions for cats. Incubation period is 3-8 days. The disease occurs acutely, subacutely and chronically. Typically, infectious rhinotracheitis occurs in an acute form. A sick cat experiences an increase in body temperature to 40 °C for 2-3 days, develops conjunctivitis, rhinitis, often has profuse purulent discharge from the eyes and nose, cough, hoarseness, and often an accumulation of exudate in the pharynx, which leads to vomiting. There may be drooling and small ulcers on the top of the tongue. The mucous membranes of the nose, pharynx, and larynx are sharply swollen, edematous, often hyperemic (red nose). Sick animals develop shortness of breath (breathe with open mouth). Eating food and water is difficult. Recovery occurs in 7-10 days. In the chronic course of the disease, intestinal atony, expressed in constipation, is noted. Rhinitis takes on a chronic form and can be present in a cat for years. Rhinotracheitis can be complicated by bronchitis and pneumonia, accompanied by skin ulcers, ulcerative keratitis and disorders of the central nervous system (trembling limbs, maneuvering movements). Pregnant cats may have abortions and stillbirths. Diagnosis is made by clinical symptoms and results laboratory analysis discharge from the eyes and nose. Rhinotracheitis must be differentiated from calcivirosis and reovirosis. A sick animal must be placed in a warm, draft-free room. Sick individuals are transferred to liquid boiled food from fish or meat broths, raw eggs, warm milk, cereals, pureed vegetables and boiled beef, chicken or minced fish. From ready-made industrial feeds, we can recommend a high-calorie diet in liquid form, that is, canned food. As a rule, the veterinarian prescribes immunomodulators, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and sulfonamide drugs. To avoid allergic reactions when taking antibiotics, you can give your cat antihistamines. Injections of B vitamins and ascorbic acid. To prevent rhinotracheitis, it is necessary to do timely preventive vaccinations, observe veterinary and sanitary rules for keeping cats, immediately isolate sick animals and vaccinate healthy animals. After identifying sick individuals, the premises, equipment and various accessories of cats should be disinfected with a 1-2% solution of caustic soda, 1-2% solution of chloramine.

Diagnostic techniques

Since all eye diseases are potentially fraught with complete or partial loss of vision, the veterinarian, using the diagnostic algorithm below, strives to find out the root cause of the pathology as quickly as possible:

Complete medical history and physical examination.

A Schirmer test is required. It helps to identify initial stage keratoconjunctivitis. To detect surface defects, ulcers and erosions of the cornea, the latest fluorescent compounds are applied to the surface. Tonometry is also indicated to determine intraocular pressure. If possible, all these tests should be performed by a veterinary ophthalmologist who can accurately interpret the test results.

Cytological examination of scrapings from the cornea and conjunctival cavity.

Carrying out a complete blood test and serological reactions. These techniques make it possible to identify systemic infections, provided they are present in the animal.

In doubtful and difficult cases, when the above methods did not allow obtaining an unambiguous result, you should use narrower diagnostic methods:

Growing a pathogen culture on nutrient media.

Carrying out PCR reactions, as well as ELISA. They help deliver accurate diagnosis if a viral infection is suspected.

Microscopic examination of scrapings from the cornea and conjunctiva.

Selection of aspirates from neoplasms, if any, near the animal’s eyes.

It is useful to perform deep endoscopy of the nasal cavity. We have already said that infections from the sinuses of the skull can “make their way” into the eyes, so it would not be a bad idea to examine them.

Ultrasonography of the eye and surrounding soft tissues.

X-ray of the skull to identify fractures, sinus diseases and bone tumors.

Dacryocystorhinography. A method used to assess the condition of the tear ducts.

In ideal cases that are difficult to achieve, MRI is performed.

Cat lovers pay attention great attention condition of the pet's eyes (oculorum). Felinologists are concerned about discharge. If after sleep a small portion of mucus accumulates in the corner of the eye, which, when dried, forms small crusts, there is nothing to worry about. They are removed with a napkin or gauze moistened with water, weak tea, herbal decoction, or eye drops.

When discharge from the eyes becomes regular, photophobia occurs, rubbing the oculorum with the paw, it is necessary to seek veterinary help. Most likely, the cat has a serious illness. IN in this case Trying to treat your pet yourself can be harmful.

Medicinal drops will slightly improve the animal's condition, but will not eliminate the cause of the disease, which can result in blindness.

What kind of discharge is normal for cats?

A clear liquid that is barely noticeable on the fur is not a reason to worry. Animals, like humans, may experience watery eyes after waking up from sleep. If this is not the reason, the tear may have been caused by dust in the room, too bright light, smoke or some kind of chemical irritants.

This is what they look like normal discharge from the tear ducts

Important! In breeds with slightly bulging eyes, tears may flow because the cornea is drying out. If this is a Scotsman or another cat with bulging eyes, for example, a British cat, there is definitely no need to worry about a transparent drop noticed on the eye.

Types of pathological discharge

It's worse when the cat's eyes run brown or the discharge is bloody. Such cases are no longer so clearly harmless. The dark or brownish color of the discharge is due to the pigment produced when an infection occurs. If pus is released at the same time, the animal definitely needs treatment. Otherwise, you can carefully remove the brown secretion with a damp cloth and observe the situation. If the secretion no longer leaks, everything is fine. Systematic discharge or something red around the eyes is a reason to consult a veterinarian.

Discharge from a pregnant cat: bloody, yellow

The factors that cause ocular drainage are very varied. Not all of them are equally dangerous, but it is better to be safe than not to notice the manifestations of a serious disease.

Causes of discharge not related to infection:

mechanical damage to the eyes or head;
something got into the eye;
allergic reactions;
various pathologies of the lacrimal canal;
impaired eyelash growth that irritates the eyes;
neoplasms that interfere with the functioning of the lacrimal canal;

Possible infections:

viral;
conjunctivitis;
inflammation of the eyelids, cornea or eyeball;
malfunction of the eye vessels;

Important! Dark secretions can also be a result of glaucoma. It develops as a complication from surgery, after prolonged inflammation, or as an independent disease. The sooner it is detected, the better, so constant discharge should not be ignored.

Exudate is something that is released from the blood or lymphatic vessels on the surface of the body or in its cavity due to increased pressure or disruption of tissue integrity. It comes in different types.

Purulent

The main feature is a large number of leukocyte cells. It can be brown, yellow or white, sometimes even bluish, dirty gray or green.

It often leaks from the corner of the eye

Fibrinous

It contains a high concentration of fibrin, a blood protein responsible for drying wounds. Upon contact with damaged areas, it thickens and forms a crust. When the crust falls off, an ulcer remains in its place, which then heals. Fibrinous exudate is usually caused by toxins or viruses.

Serous

Almost transparent, it dissolves easily and leaves no traces. Formed during burns, allergies or viral inflammation.

Hemorrhagic

It has a pink or even reddish tint. It sometimes appears with allergic inflammation, and malignant tumors can also cause its appearance.

Important! Any exudate can turn into this bloody type, so it can only be considered a separate variety only conditionally.

Putrefactive

This type is characterized by the presence of anaerobic rotting bacteria in the secretions. It smells bad of indole or skatole (everyone knows the smell of rotten food in everyday life) and is colored dirty green. Putrid exudate is also not an independent species, its origin can be anything. It indicates that the tissues are undergoing decomposition, and the situation is quite advanced.

Cholesterol

A thick yellow-brown substance, sometimes acquiring a brownish tint, is obtained from secretions of another type if they stagnate in the cavity for a long time, losing excess water and minerals.

Neutrophilic

At the very beginning of suppuration, neutrophil appears from the serous exudate. When it becomes purulent, neutrophil cells are destroyed. This occurs in later stages of the disease.

Exudation itself is part of the process of combating pathogenic microorganisms. Together with the fluid, cells enter the tissue that neutralize the infection, and metabolic processes slow down in this area to prevent germs from spreading to other areas of the body. However, accumulations of exudate inside can cause pain, and with a large amount of, for example, purulent exudate, they can cause an abscess with subsequent rupture.

Nosebleeds can be a sign of serious illness, including injury, and are caused by droplets of blood when you sneeze or a persistent drip or stream of blood from one or both nostrils.
What to do if you suspect or discover a nosebleed in your pet?

First aid
Let's say you're at home and your cat starts bleeding and won't stop.

Try to calm the animal. In a state of excitement, cats, like people, increase blood pressure, which contributes to increased bleeding. Do not give your animal any sedatives without consulting your veterinarian.
Ask family members to remain quiet and calm, as nervous excitement is transmitted from owners to animals. Again, let us recall the chain: excitement - increased blood pressure - nosebleeds.
Place an ice pack on the bridge of your cat's nose. Make sure this does not obstruct breathing. Cold causes blood vessels to constrict, which reduces bleeding.
If after taking the measures the bleeding does not stop or the animal has problems breathing, immediately contact a veterinary clinic or call an ambulance.

While waiting for the doctor or on the way to the clinic
be calm, concentrate and remember some details that will have great importance to make a diagnosis.

Make a list of medications you currently give to your cat.
Is there rat poison in your house or apartment, or perhaps your cat might have eaten poisoned rodents?
Carefully examine the animal's face. You may find asymmetry or deformation, swelling of the bridge of the nose, changes in the integrity or color of the skin on the bridge of the nose, a protruding and reddened third eyelid, unequal size of the eyeballs, and lacrimation. Bring this to the doctor's attention.
Did the cat play too active games with another animal? Did she go for a walk without your supervision? Maybe there was a fight?
Has there been contact with plants that have hard awns? For example, such as wheat or rye.
Does the animal sneeze? Does he rub his nose with his paws?
Open the animal's mouth as wide as possible, inspect the gums and lips. Is there blood in the mouth? Do you notice dryness and marbled coloration of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and conjunctiva? This may indicate a large loss of blood, and urgent hospitalization may be required. Please draw the attention of the clinic reception staff to this; the doctor must accept such a patient without waiting in line.
Are there signs of bleeding from internal organs? Intestinal bleeding may be accompanied by black, soiled stools. A sign of stomach bleeding is vomiting blood. Attention! If these signs appear after a nosebleed, it may be due to a nosebleed as the cat has swallowed a significant amount of blood.
Are there any hemorrhages on the skin, swelling on the body (there may be subcutaneous bleeding)?

This information must be passed on to the doctor during the examination.
To make a diagnosis, in addition to a general clinical examination, the following diagnostic tests may be required.

Blood and urine tests
Clinical blood tests (with mandatory platelet count) and urine are required to evaluate general condition health and degree of blood loss, biochemical blood test to assess the functioning of internal organs. As a rule, a study of the blood coagulation system is carried out (the blood coagulation rate and coagulogram are assessed).
Detected deviations from the norm may indicate a blood clotting disorder:

by reducing the number of platelets in the blood (for example, with autoimmune thrombocytopenia, feline viral leukemia, feline viral immunodeficiency, side effect some drugs for chemotherapy, hemangiosarcoma and other tumors)
due to pathological changes in the blood coagulation system (for example, in case of hemolytic poisoning, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, liver failure, von Willebrand disease and true hemophilia).

If the results laboratory research is normal, then the problem probably lies in the nasal cavity itself. But before examining the nasal passages you should:

exclude conditions accompanied by pulmonary hemorrhage - lung tumor, pulmonary edema, trauma lung tissue. For this purpose they carry out chest x-ray.
exclude arterial hypertension, since when blood pressure increases, small capillaries of the nasal mucosa rupture, which leads to bleeding. To do this, the cat's blood pressure is measured.

If everything is fine with the lungs, proceed to X-ray examination of the nose, superficial rhinoscopy and dental examination All these procedures require general anesthesia.
They start with x-rays, since other methods can injure tissue. Radiography allows you to assess the condition of the roots of the teeth and sinuses. In the case of a nasal tumor on x-ray an area of bone destruction may be visible.
During superficial rhinoscopy, they examine nasal cavity and remove foreign objects from it that caused bleeding.
When examining the oral cavity, teeth are cleaned, paying special attention to the roots, since a tooth root abscess often affects the nasal sinus cavity.

What's next
If using standard methods studies fail to make a diagnosis, conduct deep endoscopic examination nasal passages. During the study, a tissue biopsy is taken, but only if indicated, as there is a risk of increased bleeding. Additionally, for some reasons it may be difficult to obtain an informative tissue sample:

the growth of nasal tumors is often accompanied by severe inflammation, which masks the oncological process
in conditions of bleeding, it is difficult to select a tissue site for puncture.

Detection of a tumor of the facial part of the skull as a result of an X-ray examination is an absolute indication for a biopsy, since the prognosis of the disease largely depends on the type of tumor.

In conclusion
it must be said that sometimes bleeding areas are accessible for examination only by surgery. This procedure is the most traumatic and is accompanied by heavy bleeding, therefore, it is used only in exceptional cases to remove a hard-to-reach foreign object or take a tissue sample.

The article provides an opportunity to understand why such a problem may occur and answers questions about how best to deal with it and what to look for in solving the most common difficulties with bleeding in kittens.

The kitten has a nosebleed and is sneezing: causes and treatment

If your kitten is bleeding when he sneezes, you might want to consider whether he may have inhaled some chemical that could be causing the symptoms. The kitten must be taken to a doctor immediately, but if this is not possible, then you should try to stop the bleeding and sneezing at home.

This can be done in the following ways: apply ice compresses to the kitten or give the pet a vasoconstrictor.

The kitten has bleeding from the nose and mouth, eyes, what should I do?

The kitten may bleed from the eyes, nose and mouth, perhaps in cases where it has fallen from some height, or it has eaten some kind of poison. In any case, a doctor’s examination is necessary, and the sooner the better, since nothing can be done to help the kitten at home.

A kitten's nose bleeds after a fall or a blow all day long, what is it and how to help at home

If hit, the kitten could hurt itself, just like soft fabrics, and so are the bones. In such cases, it is necessary to immediately take the kitten to a veterinary clinic for an x-ray and examination. At home you can make things worse for your kitten.

How to stop a cat's nose bleeding

If a cat has bleeding from its nose, then, firstly, there is no need to panic, since nervous excitement is transmitted to cats, which in their case is extremely harmful, since it leads to an increase in blood pressure.

Secondly, you need to apply a cold compress to the back of your cat's nose, making sure that your pet does not block his breathing.

If the bleeding has not stopped and the cat has breathing problems, the animal must be immediately shown to a veterinarian. If everything is fine with breathing and the blood has stopped, there is no need to panic.

When the blood has stopped flowing, you should take a napkin and water and clean the animal’s nose.

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Any of the above reasons requires treatment.

Blood diseases.

Some circulatory disorders cause a general increase in the incidence of bleeding. The most common of these diseases are feline leukemia and feline infectious anemia. Both diseases lead to anemia due to blood loss.

Foreign objects.

Cats are very curious, so foreign objects, such as grass and other plant seeds, can get into their noses. In such cases, the animal begins to sneeze, damaging blood vessels. Frequent sneezing interferes with normal blood clotting in the nasal passages, causing bleeding to recur.

Infections.

Some severe viral and bacterial infections also cause nosebleeds. The appearance of blood is a symptom of infection with the bacteria Ehrlichia, which causes ehrlichiosis, rickettsia (Rocky Mountain spotted fever). Many viruses that infect the upper Airways, also cause nosebleeds.

Injuries.

Cats' nasal passages are very sensitive and bleed easily due to injury. This happens if something simply gets into the nose, after cat fights or accidents. In many cases, nasal injuries in cats are accompanied by oral injuries.

Tumors in the nose.

Tumors in the nasal passages can cause bleeding in several ways. It could be high blood pressure on the walls of the passages, as well as itching and irritation, causing the cat to scratch and scratch its nose.

Poisoning.

Some types of poisons increase the chance of bleeding. One of the most dangerous poisonings accompanied by such a symptom is rat poison.

What to do if your cat's nose is bleeding.

It is extremely important to remain calm during treatment, as excitement causes additional stress in the animal, which contributes to increased blood pressure. First aid should be aimed at stopping the bleeding. Try to clear the blood from your cat's nose as much as possible, making sure nothing is stuck in the nasal passages. Apply a cold compress to the top of the muzzle without blocking the air flow to the nose. This is especially important for breeds with a brachycephalic skull type (flat face), such as the Persian or Scottish Fold. If the bleeding does not stop, if the bleeding is repeated or there is no clear understanding of why this is happening, you need to take the cat to the veterinarian.

The veterinarian will perform a complete physical examination, looking for damage or pain that indicates injury. It also checks for any foreign bodies or tumors in the cat's nasal passages. The oral cavity is checked for damage, signs of bacterial or viral infections, especially around teeth and gums. In addition to standard tests - urine, blood and biochemical, you may need additional research to determine the underlying cause of bleeding. This CT scan, MRI, radiography, rhinoscopy, blood clotting tests, serological tests for the presence of certain infectious diseases. Based on the results, the doctor will prescribe treatment with epinephrine to narrow the blood vessels, antibiotics, or antifungal drugs. Flea and tick treatment may also be required. Sometimes required surgical removal deeply penetrated foreign objects or growths in the mouth or nose.

Prevention.

To avoid nosebleeds, you need to avoid diseases that can cause it. Cats with access to the outdoors are more likely to suffer from foreign bodies getting stuck in the nose, such as plant seeds. They are also more likely to develop infectious diseases and injuries.

Chemicals and medications should be stored out of the reach of the animal. If your cat has an active character, you need to take care of its safety. It is necessary to get rid of dangerous surfaces, such as tablecloths sliding off the table, and avoid contact with fragile and small objects. Various ropes, fringes and curtains should be placed at an inaccessible height - this will avoid injuries leading to bleeding.

Regular veterinary checkups, including dental checkups, will also help prevent illnesses that cause nosebleeds.

The cat suddenly has a nosebleed, droplets appear when sneezing, or constant discharge from one or both nostrils.

In most cases, bleeding stops on its own.

What to do if it doesn't stop?

Firstly, as one famous fairy tale character said: “Calm, only calm!” When cats are excited, their blood pressure increases, which leads to increased bleeding. Try to calm your pet. Do not panic yourself, since the owner’s nervous excitement is transmitted to the animal.

Second, to constrict the blood vessels, place a cold compress (such as an ice pack) on the back of your cat's nose and hold it with gentle pressure so as not to impede breathing.

Once the bleeding has stopped, very carefully use a paper towel and water to clean your cat's nose as much as possible.

If the bleeding does not stop, or you notice other symptoms in your pet, such as breathing problems, contact your veterinarian immediately.

Causes of nosebleeds in cats

The cat's nasal cavity is lined with mucous membrane containing blood vessels and nerves. Most often, nosebleeds are the result of injury to small vessels due to mechanical damage or inflammation of the nasal mucosa. But there may be more serious reasons.

Currently, many diseases have been identified that lead to poor blood clotting. With such diseases, other signs are usually observed (for example, the appearance of red spots on the gums and ears, pale gums, lethargy, loss of energy). Reduced blood clotting in a cat can occur due to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood (for example, with viral leukemia, viral immunodeficiency, side effects of chemotherapy drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, some tumors, with autoimmune thrombocytopenia), or with pathologies of the blood coagulation system (for example, with DIC syndrome, liver failure, hemophilia).

Sneezing. Inflammation (for example, as a result of respiratory infection, runny nose) or simply irritation of the nasal mucosa can cause the cat to sneeze violently, which in turn provokes nosebleeds. Sneezing can slow down natural blood clotting.

If the bleeding is one-time, caused by a minor injury and stops quickly, then there is no reason to worry.

If the bleeding is frequent, regularly repeated, accompanied by large loss of blood, and other symptoms are present, a visit to the veterinary clinic is a must!

Diagnosis and treatment

What you should tell your doctor:

~ Is your cat currently taking medications? If yes, which ones?
~ Is there rat poison in the house? Could the cat have eaten a poisoned rodent?
~ Has she interacted with another animal? Did she go for a walk without your supervision?
~ Has the cat had any injury, fall, blow, contact with sharp-edged objects or plants with hard spines?
~ Is the cat sneezing? Rubbing his nose with his paws?
~ Has your cat vomited or had bloody stools? If so, before or after the nosebleed?
~ Was the bleeding from one nostril or both?
~ Is there blood in the cat's mouth? Are her teeth okay? Is the mucous membrane of the mouth pale or marbled in color? (you should open the cat's mouth and inspect the gums).
~ Are there any hemorrhages on the skin, swelling on the body (subcutaneous bleeding)?
~ Does your pet have breathing problems?
~ Does he have any noticeable asymmetry or deformation of his muzzle, or swelling of the bridge of his nose? Are they the same eyeballs? Are your eyes watering?

Answers to these questions will help veterinarian in clarifying the picture of the disease.

To make a diagnosis you may need:

General blood tests(with platelet count) and urine- to assess blood loss and general health, kidney function, infection or inflammation; biochemical blood test- to assess the functioning of internal organs. The rate of coagulation is also determined.

Serological tests— for detection of fungal diseases, rickettsial infections, etc.

Pressure measurement– for exclusion arterial hypertension.

Chest X-ray- to exclude pulmonary hemorrhage as a result of edema or tumor.

X-ray of the nose- to evaluate the roots of teeth and nasal sinuses, to identify possible bone destruction due to a tumor, etc.

Superficial rhinoscopy– to examine the nasal cavity and remove foreign bodies if necessary.

Dental examination– to exclude tooth root abscess or other inflammations affecting the nasal sinus.

Deep endoscopic examination of the nasal passages- if it was not possible to establish a diagnosis using the above methods.

Tissue biopsy– only if indicated (for example, detection of a tumor during x-ray examination). Forecast cancer depends on the type of tumor.

Surgical method - to remove a hard-to-reach foreign object or take a tissue sample. It is used only in exceptional cases, since the procedure is very traumatic and is accompanied by severe bleeding.

Some of the above diagnostic methods require the use of anesthesia(!).

Treatment is prescribed by the doctor depending on the diagnosed disease.

Unfortunately, the cat cannot say when, how or why it started bleeding.

Because nosebleeds can signal a serious problem, it is important to seek prompt medical attention.