As prevention To combat the disease, it is necessary to graze animals in dry areas, prevent watering from puddles and small sewage ponds, use a penned grazing system, etc.
For treatment give phenothiosine at a dose of 1 g per goat mixed with feed salt (1 part phenothiosine to 9 parts salt) or with the daily norm of concentrated feed. Apply an aqueous solution of iodine (1 g of crystalline iodine, 1.5 g of potassium iodide per 1500 ml of distilled water) c. dose: for adult goats - 10-12 ml, for kids - 5-8 ml intratracheally. Dytrozine is also effective in the form of 25% aqueous solution(subcutaneous or intramuscular).
Treatment consists of trepanning the skull and removing the bladder or puncturing it and suctioning out the fluid in it. After death, the head or the entire corpse of the animal is buried in the ground.
For preventive purposes, herding dogs are periodically dewormed.
Treatment animals - immunization and use of medications.
Basic preventative measure in the fight against this disease is the systematic (every 5 days) bathing of all animals in baths with arsenic solution to destroy ticks from the animals’ bodies.
Scabies of goats. Depending on the type of pathogen, scabies can be:
1) cutaneous (psorptosis), most often affects the back, neck, sacrum, shoulders;
2) itchy or headache (acorosis), affects the scalp;
3) skin beetle or foot (charyoptosis), affects the skin of the legs (usually the hind legs).
Symptoms of the disease: redness of the skin, formation of nodules, crusts, scabs, hair loss, itching.
Treatment: treating the affected areas with emulsions or bathing goats (preferably shorn) in baths (solution of creolin activated with hexachlorane, hexachlorane-creolin emulsion, etc.), injection of the drug avermectin, etc.
Animals are treated against ticks with powders (hexachlorane dust - 6-12%, picochlorane - 0.1% emulsion). To do this, the hair on the affected and adjacent areas is cut off. The cut areas are washed with warm water and soap. Remove crusts and scales by scraping them with a wooden knife; Powder is applied to the skin of the animal, taking precautions so that the drug does not get on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract. For treatment, one treatment is sufficient, sometimes the treatment is repeated after 10 days. Soap is low toxic for animals.
Tick-borne encephalitis. In northern regions, animals can be affected by ticks, which are carriers of diseases such as tularemia, Q fever and tick-borne encephalitis humans and animals.
Tick-borne encephalitis initially manifests itself in uncoordinated movements of the forelimbs, and within 1-2 days the disease progresses to general paralysis, after which respiratory arrest may occur.
If a tick is found on the body, it is removed using a burning match. As soon as the tick feels warmth, it crawls out of the animal’s skin on its own. You should not pull the tick, as its head can come off and remain in the animal’s body, causing a number of complications.
Estrosis (gadfly disease). Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, passing into the frontal and cranial sinuses. In goats affected by botfly larvae, rhinitis is observed, mucus is released from the nose, and in kids, it is often mixed with blood. Crusts of dried blood form around the nostrils. Animals often sneeze, shake their heads, rub their noses on the ground or on any objects, keep their heads on their sides, and spin around in place.
For treatment Avermectin can be used.
Signs of the presence of lice in an animal are scratches and scratches, loss of hair, detection of lice in the fur of animals, on the side, in the groin, on the shoulders. Blood-sucking lice are very large, have a dark blue color and can grow up to a length of 0.3 cm. The biting louse is smaller and its color is paler.
Treatment. Animals are treated with medications used to combat scabies.
Vibriosis and chlamydial abortions. Diseases that have approximately the same symptoms. During the last two months before goats goats abort. If abortions of vibriosis origin are detected, the goats are urgently transferred to an uninfected area, the aborted fetuses are destroyed, and the queens are treated with antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin).
For prevention diseases of goats can be vaccinated before and after mating.
Ringworm (trichophytosis). Fungal disease skin, manifesting itself in the form of coin-like spots on the head, ears, and around the eyes. A damp and polluted environment predisposes to the disease.
Treatment. Individual animals are treated by removing flakes of affected skin from remote areas and treating them with 10% alcohol solution iodine or other fungicidal drugs daily from the onset of the disease until recovery. To prevent scratching of the affected areas, iodine is mixed with glycerin, which softens the skin.
Lasts 7-30 days. Symptoms manifest clearly or are absent in the case of carriage. Is it possible to drink milk if a goat has been bitten by a tick? What are the dangers? Read on in our article.
Nutritional route of transmission of tick-borne encephalitis
The main source of infection in alimentary, food contamination are domestic animals - sheep, cows, goats. The virus enters milk and then into the human body when the raw product is consumed.
The most dangerous in terms of encephalitis infection through the nutritional route is goat's milk, since goats have a characteristic a long period viremia. Animals can get sick several times throughout their lives, being infectious at different stages. Symptoms do not always manifest themselves clearly, so a person drinks milk, unaware of the terrible disease in the goat.
Infection with encephalitis through goat milk
When consuming a raw product, the virus enters gastrointestinal tract. Localized in tissues and cells. Gradually penetrates the capillaries, enters the blood, spreads throughout the body, multiplies in the blood. From the lymph, the virus migrates to the immune system, affects the central nervous system, brain, spinal cord.
The first manifestations of encephalitis resemble the flu, but tend to recur after some time with renewed vigor. In the absence of qualified therapy, the virus progresses. In severe cases it leads to madness, paralysis, disability, and death.
On a note!
Tick bites are less dangerous for cows. The virus penetrates milk, but the period of viremia is much shorter than in goats, so the frequency is lower.
Symptoms of encephalitis in goats
Tick bites cause local allergic reaction– redness, swelling, compaction. Over time skin covering recovers without special treatment. Symptoms of encephalitis rarely appear clearly. There is blood in the goat's urine, fever, paralysis of the hind and then forelimbs, and convulsions. After a few days, recovery or complications occur. It all depends on the strength of the animal’s immunity.
In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic. The goat behaves as usual. Only the appetite decreases slightly and the amount of milk decreases.
What to do to avoid getting infected
Protect yourself and your family from fatal disease Can in an elementary way– heat-treat milk. The encephalitis virus dies at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius in 2 minutes. At temperature indicators within 37 °C it is destroyed after 2 days. When boiled, it collapses in the first seconds. Just bring the milk to a boil and turn it off immediately.
Other methods of protection involve reducing the likelihood of goats being bitten by ticks while on pastures.
How to keep your goat safe
To reduce the likelihood of bites, it is necessary to create unfavorable living conditions for pests. They mow the grass, remove last year’s hay, burn the leaves, graze dairy goats on special pastures, conduct regular inspections of wool, etc.
Stall housing
In areas where there is a massive spread of ticks in the spring, the period of confinement is extended. During this period, the grass is still small, it is inconvenient for the goat to grab it, high humidity is the reason intestinal disorders. When the greenery rises above 15 cm, dry, warm weather sets in, the number of ticks decreases, and animals can be turned out to pasture.
On a note!
This method is not suitable for regions with constantly high humidity - forest, taiga areas. Ticks attack goats from grass and leaves of bushes.
Choosing the right pastures
On a note!
The method is suitable for cases where goats are grazed in a limited area. The vegetation is treated with pesticides. The drugs destroy ticks, do not harm animals, and do not pass into milk.
Treatment must be carried out in dry, windless weather. The maximum properties of the preparations last for 2 hours, then they dry, are absorbed by plants, and protect the area for about 20 days. Does not affect efficiency Sun rays, rains. Goats are allowed to be released onto pasture after the drug has dried.
Physical destruction of ticks on a goat
Treating goats for ticks
Protect the animal from bites and yourself from terrible disease, you can use repellents. Special substances interact with skin lipids and remain effective for up to 30 days. When the tick gets on the body of a goat, paralysis begins and it disappears. Another group of drugs repels pests with smell.
How to treat goats against ticks
There are several types of drugs with different mechanisms of action, but they all protect the animal from pest bites and tick-borne encephalitis virus.
Injectable anti-tick products
Emulsions, aerosols
Common products with insecticidal activity.
- PHOSES. Dichlorvos, Blotik, Diazinon. Goats are processed outdoors. The spray can is kept at a distance of 20 cm from the fur. Milk is allowed to be drunk the next day.
- Pyrethroids. Insecticidal preparations are used to treat goat wool and pastures. Before use, prepare the solution according to the instructions. The concentration is selected depending on the body weight of the animal. After treatment, goats are allowed to drink milk after the second milking. The drugs are effective for up to 1 month. Effective means– , Butox, Neostomazan.
- Fipronil insecticides. The drugs are intended for ticks, but can be used for disinfestation of goats. Often used. The active substances are localized in the sebaceous ducts of the skin and on the animal’s fur. Protects against ticks for 2 months.
Before using any chemical agent You need to study the instructions and the list of contraindications. To achieve maximum effect, several methods of control and prevention are used at once.
Scabies mite in a goat
Scabies is treated with special medications, folk remedies – baking soda, green soap, ammonia, ash, tar, creosote, creolin. And also benzyl benzoate emulsion, tar, Sulfuric ointment, Wilkinson. The treatment is repeated every 7 days until complete recovery.
You can drink milk if your goats have scabies; there are no mites. Infection occurs through contact. During active use Milk medications should be discontinued for a while.
Encephalitis is a whole group of several diseases that are inflammatory in nature. IN this moment This term refers not only to infection, but also to brain damage such as infectious-allergic, toxic and allergic.
History of virus research
Medicine has long been studying encephalitis, with doctors and scientists from different countries world, including Russian Federation. The author of the first clinical description The disease was discovered by the domestic scientist A. Panov, who provided the necessary information about the disease back in 1935.
Soon a group of scientists from Pavlovsky, Zilber, together with other specialists, studied in more detail clinical picture encephalitis, its epidemiology, developed some preventive methods and rules.
The virus was first isolated in 1937 by scientists from the brains of dead patients, as well as during an experiment with ticks and wild vertebrate animals from the Far East.
Every year, Rospotrebnadzor employees remind citizens of the country that before consuming milk, it must undergo fairly effective heat treatment; at a minimum, this product must be thoroughly boiled.
As statistics show, almost every year in Russia there is an infection with viral encephalitis through milk. The main route of infection is the consumption of a sheep or goat, less often the carrier becomes a cow milk product, in which harmful bacteria live for about 14 days, and in sour cream made from contaminated milk - 60 days.
Scientists report that if an animal is bitten by an infected tick, then they themselves become carriers of the disease in erased forms, and in the future they become chronic carriers when the virus lives in the blood and milk of the animal: goats, cows, etc.
At any market in any city in the country you can buy raw milk, unauthorized sour cream, cottage cheese, cream and other dairy products from local farmers. Many families like to send their children to the village, where ticks not only directly bite people, but also animals that seemingly give healthy foods. Any milk must be boiled before consumption.
Signs of encephalitis
The main symptoms of encephalitis are the following:
- General cerebral symptoms include frequent and severe headaches, often localized in the frontal region, nausea, vomiting, fear of light, and epileptic seizures. The person may simply be lethargic or even fall into a real coma.
- The central nervous system also begins to malfunction: limb paresis, severe irritation, seizures.
- Fever, high temperature, chills.
In some cases, the disease may be asymptomatic, which complicates the diagnostic process. A late treatment often is not effective and the disease is fatal.
Methods of protection
Anyone knows that treatment of encephalitis often ends in defeat, after which the patient dies. Therefore, in in this case It is better to prevent the disease, to prevent infection, than to try to cure it.
Basic methods of protection against tick-borne encephalitis:
- Most effective method is a vaccine that can be used healthy people. Injections can only be given in those institutions that have a licensed right to do so. Such an injection contains a “killed” virus of the disease, this allows the human immune system to learn to fight the infection, as a result, the body produces antibodies that stop the development of the disease.
- As stated above, any milk obtained must be boiled well, and only then used for food or for preparing various dishes. This will help avoid a real tragedy.
- In order to reduce the number of tick attacks on pets, you need to create unfavorable living conditions for these infectious insects: constantly clean your territory, do not let the grass grow, get rid of last year's leaves, exterminate rodents. It is better to graze dairy animals on specially created pastures, and after walking, inspect the animal for the presence of attached ticks.
Attention! If you suspect encephalitis, you should consult a doctor immediately! Early treatment can help a person get rid of the disease completely, avoid unpleasant consequences and death.
Conclusion
After every walk in nature, you need to inspect your body for the presence of a tick; if you find an attached tick, then you need to pull it out, smear it with sunflower or other oil, then it will slowly begin to come out of the skin. It is better to put it in a bag and go with it to the hospital for tests. This way, doctors will be able to check whether the tick is infected and whether it is necessary to begin urgent treatment for the patient.
Today it is not uncommon to find tick-borne encephalitis and other infections in goat milk. Most high risk catch a tick in the spring, when warm weather is just setting in. The infection enters the goat's body along with the grass, without harming the animal. For humans, tick-borne encephalitis is very dangerous disease, causing disturbances in the functioning of the brain and nervous system.
How does infection occur?
As a rule, domestic animals are carriers of infection. This method of transmission of bacteria is called nutritional. Goats are most often affected. Getting into the bloodstream of animals, the infection long time remains in the body, the milk becomes contaminated and becomes dangerous for consumption. Food method transmission of infection is typical for groups and families. Every year the number of sick people increases, this is due to the increase in the number of goats. During its life, an animal can get encephalitis several times. Cow's milk practically does not tolerate the presented virus due to its short shelf life in the blood.
A person can become infected with tick-borne encephalitis after drinking raw, infected milk.
The infection comes into contact with the digestive tract and lingers in epithelial tissues. After a short period of time, the bacterium enters the bloodstream, then into internal organs and the immune system. The final destination is the central nervous system.
Symptoms of the disease
When infected with tick-borne encephalitis, the following symptoms appear:
- heat;
- nausea, vomiting;
- insomnia;
- loss of appetite;
- runny nose, cough;
- headache.
At the right approach and timely detection of the disease at the initial stage, the disease can be easily cured. In some cases, infection affects the nervous system, and diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis and meningoencephalitis develop. Such situations can lead to unexpected results, sometimes fatal.
The disease can be diagnosed based on the presence of symptoms and preexisting factors. If after drinking raw milk the symptoms mentioned above begin to appear, then the suspicion of tick-borne encephalitis is justified. However, only appropriate analyzes can provide complete confidence. To determine the presence of a lesion nervous system do lumbar puncture. The study allows you to diagnose meningitis and hemorrhages. To get a complete picture of the disease, to be sure whether a person has become infected or not, you should carry out a test. The presence of antibodies G and M in the blood indicates infection of the body. To determine whether a tick is present in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, carry out PCR (polymerase chain reaction). In addition to the mandatory tests for tick-borne encephalitis, tests are carried out for the presence of other infections, such as tick-borne borreliosis and others.
Treatment of the disease is carried out with the help of antipyretics, droppers, massage and physiotherapy. The infection is not transmitted by airborne droplets, and an infected patient does not pose a threat to others.
Therapeutic measures
Tick-borne encephalitis is feared high temperatures, dies at 60°C within half an hour. At a temperature of 37° C, the bacterium lives for several days. You can get rid of the virus by boiling goat milk for 2 minutes. Experts recommend eating only boiled or sterilized products.
People who keep pets must adhere to simple rules, creating an unfavorable environment for the development of ticks. To prevent goats from becoming infected with tick-borne encephalitis, you should regularly mow the grass, actively fight rodents, remove leaves and maintain the area. Goats that produce milk must graze on specially prepared pastures.
Following these instructions will help limit the possibility of becoming infected with tick-borne encephalitis through goat's milk.
Everyone knows that serious in its severity viral infection carried by ixodid ticks. Additional reservoirs for the pathogen are the ticks' hosts: wild and domestic animals, birds, and rodents. Infection of people can occur not only through tick bites. There is another route of spread, which involves infection through the digestive system.
Nutritional route of transmission of tick-borne encephalitis
The main source of infection during the disease can be domestic animals (goats, cows, sheep). This route of spread of encephalitis is called food or nutritional. During the period of viremia, which occurs in an infected animal, the pathogen enters the milk, and then penetrates into the milk with unboiled milk or cheese. human body.
How is tick-borne encephalitis transmitted through milk?
The virus enters the human body through the digestive and gastrointestinal tract after eating raw milk, where it is fixed in epithelial cells and fabrics. Then through the capillaries it enters the circulatory system, multiplies in the blood vessels and leukocytes. From there it migrates to the organs immune system, is introduced into internal organs, where its replication occurs. Subsequently, damage to the central nervous system develops. Thus, the connection between goat milk and tick-borne encephalitis is obvious. The role of infected cows is much less due to the short viremia, but this possibility also needs to be remembered.
What to do to avoid contracting encephalitis through goat's milk
The causative agent of the pathology is destroyed in hot milk at a temperature of 60 ° C after 20 minutes. Stored at 37°C for 2 days. Boiling for 2 minutes is enough to inactivate it. Therefore, you should only consume boiled or pasteurized milk. So simple preventive measures enough to avoid contracting encephalitis from food.
To reduce the likelihood of ticks attacking domestic animals, it is necessary to create unfavorable conditions for their habitat: clear the territory, mow the grass, remove last year's leaves, carry out deratization measures (fight rodents). It is advisable to graze dairy goats and cows on specially designated cultivated pastures. If they are absent, you need to inspect animals returning from grazing every day for the presence of attached ticks.
The nutritional route of infection is of secondary importance for preservation in environment tick-borne encephalitis virus, but characterizes the intensity of the epizootic process.
