Latest generation nootropics of good quality: list, price. Nootropics for children Nootropics for the elderly

Among doctors, nootropics are known as neurometabolic stimulants (in the West – smart drugs).

They are used in many areas of medicine - neurology, psychology, surgery and others.

Nootropic drugs that improve nutrition and blood circulation in the brain belong to the category medicines, which improve the activity of higher mental functions of the brain:

• memory;
• perception;
• speech;
• thinking.

Pharmacological group

Nootropics are placed in a separate pharmacological group(ATC code: N06ВХ).

The first nootropic to be discovered was in 1963, which gave rise to the “racetome” branch. It became the main competitor for psychostimulants, but it did not have side effects(addiction, exhaustion, psychomotor agitation, intoxication), which the latter were guilty of. The new synthesized drug improved memory, attention, and helped to concentrate better. In its early days, the new drug was used to treat brain dysfunction in older people.

In 1972, a new designation was proposed - “nootropic”. Piracetam is now known by its trade name. However, the mechanism of its action has not yet been fully studied.

What determines the therapeutic effect of drugs from this group?

Ensures the operation of the following mechanisms, thanks to which the positive effect of taking nootropics is achieved:

• supports the energy structure of the neuron;
• improves the main and conductive functions of the central nervous system;
• activates the plastic function of the central nervous system;
• improves metabolic processes(glucose utilization);
• stabilizes cell membranes;
• reduces the neuron's need for oxygen;
• has a neuroprotective effect.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action

The active substances of nootropic drugs penetrate well through the myelin barrier of nerve fibers. In the neuron, metabolism, bioenergetic and bioelectric processes are enhanced, and neurotransmitter exchanges are accelerated.

In the nerve cell, the concentration of adenylate cyclase and norepinephrine increases; ATP is more actively produced (even in conditions of lack of oxygen), GABA, and dopamine. The work and release of the mediator serotonin occurs faster, and glucose is utilized more efficiently.

Due to these processes, the body receives a stimulating effect in relation to cognitive functions, for which nootropics received the additional name “cognition stimulants.” In addition to positive changes in the nerve cell, neurostimulants improve microcirculation and blood flow in the brain.

Result of action and expected effect

Nootropic effect leads to the following effects:

• the thinking function is activated;
• memory improves;
• consciousness clears up;
• physical strength increases;
• an antidepressant effect occurs;
• a sedative effect appears;
• fat burning occurs;
• immunity is strengthened;
• operational readiness is activated.

Classification of modern nootropics

Known great amount developed nootropic drugs around the world ( full list contains up to 132 items). In pharmacology, the following groups of drugs have been synthesized, which are divided according to their chemical composition:

1. Pyrrolidine group(“racetams”): Etiracetam; Oxiracetam; Pramiracetam.
2. Group derived from dimethylaminoethanol: Phenotropil; Deanol aceglumate; Meclofenoxate.
3. GABAergic: ; Picamilon; Phenibut.
4. Group derived from pyridoxine: Pyritinol; Biotredin.
5. Neuropeptides: Noopept; Semax; Selank.
6. Polypeptides: ; Cerebrolysin; Cerebramin.
7. Amino acids: ; Biotredin.
8. Group derived from 2-mercantobenzimidazole: ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (Bemityl).
9. Vitamin: Idebenone.

Old and new generation drugs

Nootropic drugs are also divided into old and new generation groups. Old generation nootropics include medications discovered at the dawn of the synthesis of neurostimulants. This is the so-called derivatives of the first discovered nootropic (“racetams”). These include:

• Oxiracetam;
• Aniracetam;
• Etiracetam;
• Pramiracetam;
• Dupracetam;
• Rolisiracetam;
• Cebracetam;
• Nefiracetam;
• Isacetam;
• Detiracetam.

With the onset of the 90s of the 20th century. opens new page in the history of nootropic development. Modern drugs have a more flexible selective effect and fewer side effects. Here is a list of the most popular new generation nootropic drugs:

• Fezam(improvement cerebral circulation, protein and energy metabolism, has a vasodilating effect);
• Phenylpiracetam(recovery after, improved attention, concentration, memory, improves the transfer of information between the hemispheres, anticonvulsant effect);
• Noopept(memory restoration and other lost cognitive functions, relief anxiety states, treatment of headaches);
• Selank(relieves anxiety and stress, enhances mental capabilities, elevates mood).

What is good for a Russian is death for a German

In the post-Soviet space, nootropics are associated with drugs that enhance “brain metabolism.” However, in addition to nootropic, these drugs also have a number of other therapeutic effects. Therefore, brain stimulants are also used as medicines for brain diseases.

Drugs of this group can be prescribed for the following disorders:

Basically, such treatment is experimental in nature and often leads to side effects and increased symptoms of certain diseases.

Let's consider the indications and contraindications for use for the most popular drugs in this group.

Piracetam

Has structural similarities to GABA. It has neuroprotective and vascular effects. Indications for use of piracetam:

• cerebrovascular diseases;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• coma;
• violations of memory, attention, ;
• cardiac ischemia;
• viral;
• chronic alcoholism and drug addiction.

Despite the fact that in western medicine This drug is not a medicine; in Russia, piracetam began to be used for therapeutic purposes for a number of diseases:

• recovery after;
• Down syndrome.

Contraindications to the use of the drug:

• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• kidney dysfunction;
• pregnancy;
• children under 1 year of age;

A new generation nootropic, which belongs to the group of so-called. "racetams". Stimulates motor reactions (similar to doping). It has an anticonvulsant and antiasthenic effect. Indications for use:

Contraindications for use: individual intolerance.

Semax

A domestic development belonging to the group of neuropeptide nootropic drugs. Applicable for the following cases:

• increasing adaptive capabilities under stress;
• prevention of psycho-emotional overload;
• deterioration in concentration;
• memory impairment;
• recovery after craniocerebral surgery;

There are the following contraindications:

• increased sensitivity to nootropic components;
• acute mental illness;
• anxiety;
• convulsions.

Side effects

Nootropics are a double-edged sword when it comes to brain function. Taking them in compliance with all instructions will have a beneficial effect. However, if you deviate even one step from the doctors’ instructions, this can lead to an increase in the symptoms of the disease for which the drug is prescribed, or have a negative effect on cognitive functions.

Let's look at the pronounced side effects using examples of the most popular drugs:

1. Piracetam. Side effects caused by this drug: deterioration of intellectual abilities; worsening dementia; increased anxiety and irritability; sleep disturbance or drowsiness; decreased concentration; disruption of the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).
2. . The side effects caused by this drug are as follows: insomnia; psychomotor agitation; hyperemia skin; increased blood pressure; feeling of warmth.
3. Semax. No side effects were identified, except for irritation of the nasal mucosa when frequent use bottle.

Features of application

Thoughtless use of drugs in this group can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, the use of nootropics must be approached responsibly.

It should be remembered that a drug that stimulates brain activity must be used only after certain conditions are met.

The first thing to do is consult a neurologist. After you receive a positive verdict from the doctor, you should prepare your body to take the nootropic.

This preparation consists of a kind of laying the foundation on which the building of the effective influence of the brain stimulator will be erected. This foundation is the fortification of the body, in which the necessary substances when taking a nootropic will quickly and efficiently reach the brain at the molecular level, which will allow the stimulant to be better absorbed. Fortification includes the following substances and natural complexes:

• iron;
• chlorophyll;
• lecithin;
• grepine;
• omega-3;
• Pycnogenol

Dosages and regimens for taking nootropics from the TOP-3

Nuances of use and dosage of popular nootropic drugs.

He was the first

The beneficial effects of Piracetam appear only after long-term use. Excretion from the body through the kidneys. Course 6-8 weeks at 1200-1400 mg/day.

Methods of administration:

• inside;
• intramuscularly;
• intravenously.

Release form:

• capsules;
• solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration;
• solution for oral administration;
• syrup;
• pills.

After administration, Phenotropil is quickly absorbed by the body and penetrates into all tissues. Excretion from the body is carried out through the kidneys and liver.

Methods of administration:

• inside;
• orally.

Release form:

• tablets 50 mg;
• tablets 100 mg.

Domestic development

Methods of taking Semax:

• inside;
• intranasally.

Release form: dropper bottle.

Golden ten

Based on reviews, we have compiled a list of the best nootropic drugs according to people:

Efficiency not proven?

The attitude of medical luminaries towards nootropics is shrouded in doubt and uncertainty. Countless clinical trials of nootropics are still being conducted, but this pharmacological group has not managed to gain a foothold in the status of drugs with proven effectiveness.

Observations by specialists have made it possible to draw a number of more or less stable conclusions regarding the following drugs:

What is there for children?

For children, there are special granules for making syrup. In pediatric practice, there are known cases of the use of nootropics in cases of the following disorders:

• cerebrasthenic;
• encephalopathic;
• memory impairment;
• intellectual inhibition.

Indications for the use of nootropics in childhood:

• delayed intellectual development;
• stress;
• depression.

• (stimulating);
• Picamilon (stimulant);
• Phenibut (sedative);
• (sedative).

Nootropics are a group of psychotropic drugs that affect the higher functions of the brain and increase its resistance to negative exogenous factors: excessive stress, intoxication, injury or hypoxia. Nootropics improve memory, increase intelligence, stimulate cognitive activity.

From the ancient Greek language, the term “nootropics” means “the desire for thinking.” This concept was first introduced in the last century by pharmacologists from Belgium. Cerebroprotectors activate neurometabolic processes in the brain and increase the body’s overall resistance to extreme factors.

Nootropics were not separated into an independent pharmacological group; they were combined with psychostimulants. Unlike the latter, nootropic drugs are antihypoxic agents, but do not have a negative effect on the body, do not disrupt brain activity, do not affect motor reactions, and do not have a hypnotic or analgesic effect. Nootropics do not increase psychophysical activity and do not cause pharmacological dependence.

All nootropic drugs are divided into 2 large groups:

• “True” nootropics that have the only effect - improving memory and speech;
• , having antihypoxic, sedative, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant effects.

Nootropics have a primary effect, which is a direct effect on the structures of the nervous system, and a secondary effect aimed at improving microcirculation in the brain, preventing hypoxia. Nootropic drugs stimulate metabolic processes in nervous tissue and normalize them in case of poisoning and traumatic damage.

Currently, pharmacologists are developing and synthesizing new nootropic drugs that have fewer side effects and are more effective. They are characterized by low toxicity and practically do not cause complications. The therapeutic effect of nootropics develops gradually. They should be taken continuously and for a long time.

New generation nootropics are used in various medical fields: pediatrics, obstetrics, neurology, psychiatry and addiction medicine.

Mechanism of action

Nootropics have direct impact on a number of brain functions, activate them, stimulate mental activity and memory processes. They facilitate the interaction of the right and left hemispheres, as well as the main centers located in the cerebral cortex. Nootropic drugs rejuvenate the body and prolong life.

Neurometabolic cerebroprotectors are nootropic drugs that received their second name due to their biogenic origin and effect on cellular metabolism. These medications increase glucose utilization and ATP formation, stimulate the biosynthesis of proteins and RNA, suppress the process of oxidative phosphorylation, and stabilize cell membranes.

Mechanisms of action of nootropics:

• Membrane stabilizing;
• Antioxidant;
• Antihypoxic;
• Neuroprotective.

As a result of course use of nootropic drugs, mental and cognitive processes, intelligence increases, metabolism in nervous tissue is activated, brain resistance to negative impact endogenous and exogenous factors. Cerebrovasoactive drugs also have special mechanism vasodilator effect.

The effectiveness of nootropics increases when they are combined with angioprotectors and psychostimulants, especially in weakened individuals.

Nootropic drugs are most often prescribed to older people and children. In old age, it is necessary to correct impaired functions of the intellect: attention and memory, as well as increase creative activity. For children, neurometabolic stimulants will help in the fight against mental retardation.

Main effects

Nootropic drugs have the following effects on the human body:

spectrum of action of nootropics

1. Psychostimulant - stimulation of brain functions in mentally inert individuals suffering from hypobulia, apathy, and psychomotor retardation.
2. Antihypoxic - formation of resistance of brain cells to oxygen deficiency.
3. Sedative - a calming, slowing effect on the body.
4. Antiasthenic - elimination of symptoms of asthenic syndrome.
5. Antidepressant - fight against depression.
6. Antiepileptic - prevention of seizures, loss and confusion, behavioral and autonomic disorders.
7. Nootropic - stimulation of cognitive activity.
8. Adaptogenic - the development of resistance of the body to the effects of negative factors.
9. Vasovegetative - acceleration cerebral blood flow and elimination of the main symptoms.
10. Lipolytic - use fatty acids as a source of energy.
11. Antitoxic - neutralization or removal of various toxic substances from the body.
12. Immunostimulating - strengthening the immune system and increasing the overall resistance of the body.

Indications and contraindications

Indications for the use of nootropic drugs:

Nootropics are contraindicated in persons with individual hypersensitivity to the main active ingredient of the drug, severe psychomotor agitation, hepatic-renal failure or bulimia, as well as those who have suffered from acute illness, those suffering from Gettington's chorea, or those with serious violation kidney function, pregnant and lactating women.

Side effects

Side effects that occur during treatment with nootropic drugs:

1. Hyperexcitability,
2. Weakness,
3. Insomnia,
4. Worry, anxiety,
5. Dyspeptic symptoms
6. Hepato- or nephrotoxicity,
7. Eosinophilia,
8. Frequent attacks of angina pectoris,
9. Convulsions, seizures,
10. Balance imbalance
11. Hallucinations,
12. Ataxia,
13. confusion,
14. Fever,
15. Thrombophlebitis and pain at the injection site,
16. Motor disinhibition,
17. Feeling of heat and facial flushing,
18. Rash on the face and body like urticaria.

Description of drugs

List of the best nootropic drugs that are widely used in medical practice:

• "Piracetam" has a positive effect on metabolic processes in the brain. The drug is prescribed for the treatment, improvement of memory, correction of dyslexia, cerebrovascular disease and in children. Piracetam is a first-aid remedy for withdrawal symptoms and delirium in alcoholics. It is used for viral neuroinfections and in complex therapy myocardial infarction.
• "Vinpocetine"– a neurometabolic agent that dilates brain vessels and improves microcirculation. The drug supplies brain tissue with oxygen and nutrients, reduces systemic arterial pressure. Vinpocetine tablets thin the blood and improve its rheological properties. The medicine has an antioxidant and neuroprotective effect. First, the drug is administered intravenously for 14 days, and then proceeds to oral administration of tablets.
• "Phenibut" prescribed to patients with asthenia, neuroses, insomnia, dysfunction vestibular apparatus. Phenibut helps children cope with stuttering and tics. The drug normalizes metabolism in tissues, has a psychostimulating, antiplatelet and antioxidant effect. Phenibut is low-toxic and non-allergic.
• "Pantogam"– an effective nootropic drug, widely used to treat children. The main active ingredient of the medicine is vitamin B 15. This is a physiologically active substance found in almost all plants and products.
• "Phenotropil"- a drug latest generation, popular with both patients and doctors. It has a pronounced adaptogenic effect and increases the body's resistance to stress. The drug is not addictive. It is often recommended to students while preparing for a session.
• "Fezam"– a nootropic drug intended for complex treatment cerebrovascular accidents. It has an effective effect on nervous system, dilates blood vessels, stimulates the functioning of the organ of hearing and vision. "Fezam" eliminates the effects of hypoxia, relieves headaches, fights dizziness and amnesia. Persons who have suffered a stroke or TBI take Phezam for a long time. It helps patients recover quickly and eliminates Negative consequences pathologies. “Piracetam” and “Cinnarizine”, which are part of the drug, dilate blood vessels in the brain, improve brain nutrition, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulate local blood flow, and reduce blood viscosity. Thanks to both components, the antihypoxic effect and antiplatelet activity are enhanced, and metabolism in the cells of the nervous system improves.
• "Cinnarizine"– a nootropic drug that strengthens the walls of brain vessels and causes their dilatation without changing blood pressure. Cinnarizine has a sensitizing effect, suppresses nystagmus and is an effective preventative against motion sickness. It dilates small arteries and peripheral capillaries. The drug is released in a single dosage form- in the form of tablets for oral use. "Cinnarizine" is prescribed not only for the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency, but also for the prevention of migraine attacks and kinetosis. The medicine relieves vegetative symptoms vascular dystonia and: weakness, headache, dizziness. "Cinnarizine" is used to alleviate the condition during menopause. The drug normalizes sleep, relieves irritability, and eliminates anxiety.
• "Cerebrolysin"– complex nootropic medicine, which has undergone clinical trials that have confirmed its effectiveness and safety. The medicine is produced in the form of tablets and solution for injection. Cerebrolysin is prescribed for the treatment of patients with various forms mental and neurological diseases. According to reviews, Cerebrolysin activates mental processes and improves mood. Long-term use of the drug improves memory processes, increases concentration and learning ability.
• "Actovegin"– an antihypoxic agent intended for the treatment of metabolic and vascular disorders of the brain and promoting fast healing wound The medicine is used for the prevention and treatment of radiation skin lesions, peripheral vascular disorders, and diabetic polyneuropathy. Actovegin is produced in tablets for oral use, as well as in the form of a solution for intramuscular, intravenous and intra-arterial injections. Actovegin gel, ointment and cream are used topically.

Nootropic drugs - what are these medications? Answer to asked question you will receive from the presented article. In addition, you will learn the history of their occurrence, principles of action, properties, indications and effects of use.

General information

Nootropic drugs - what are they? Such medicines improve brain function, rejuvenate the body and prolong life. These are neurometabolic stimulants that have an activating effect on learning. In addition, they significantly improve mental activity and memory. The term "nootropic" is made up of two Greek wordsνους and τροπή, which translated means “mind” and “I change,” respectively.

Description

Nootropic drugs do not have their own class in the classification of medical drugs. That is why they were combined with psychostimulants and began to belong to the pharmacotherapeutic group with the following ATC code: N06ВХ.

History of origin

In 1963, Belgian pharmacologists S. Giurgea and V. Skondia synthesized the first drug from the presented group - Piracetam. Today, such a nootropic drug is known to most patients under the name “Nootropil”. Like a psychostimulant in the middle of the 20th century, it increased mental performance and at the same time did not have any side effects.

In 1972, one of the creators of this medication proposed the term “nootropic” to denote groups medicines, which improve intellectual memory, learning and attention, and also affect transcallosal potential, have antihypoxic activity and do not have a negative effect on the body.

Unlike well-known psychostimulants, nootropic drugs stimulate, which further leads to an increase in their activity, which is quantitative, not qualitative. It should be especially noted that the effect of most of these drugs does not appear after the first dose, but with long-term treatment.

Newest nootropics

Currently, more than 10 original nootropic drugs of the pyrrolidine series have been synthesized, which are in phase 3 clinical trials or have already been registered in a number of countries. Among such drugs one can highlight “Oxiracetam”, “Nefiracetam”, “Etiracetam”, “Aniracetam”, “Rolziracetam”, “Izacetam”, “Pramiracetam”, “Cebracetam”, “Dupracetam”, “Detiracetam”, etc. The presented medications have generic name "Racetams".

In addition to all others, other families of nootropic drugs have been synthesized, including GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic and peptidergic systems. It should also be noted that the nootropic active component is also present in other medications that have different chemical origins.

Operating principle

Nootropic drugs - what are these drugs and what are they prescribed for? At the core therapeutic action There are several mechanisms behind such medications:

• activation of plastic processes in the central nervous system due to increased protein and RNA synthesis;
• improvement in the energy state of neurons, which manifests itself in increased ATP synthesis, as well as antihypoxic and antioxidant effects;
• improved glucose utilization;
• strengthening of synaptic transmission processes in the central nervous system;
• membrane stabilizing effect.

Features of the drugs

The main mechanisms of such drugs are considered to be their direct effect on bioenergetics and metabolic processes in nerve cells, as well as interaction with brain systems (primarily neurotransmitter).

It has long been proven that nootropics are capable of activating adenylate cyclase and increasing its concentration in the neuron. Besides, increased level cyclic adenosine monophosphate leads through a change in the flow of intracellular Ca2+ and K+ ions to the rapid release of the transmitter from the sensory neuron.

It should also be noted that activated adenylate cyclase is able to maintain the stability of ATP production in cells without oxygen, and under hypoxic conditions, transfer brain metabolism to a maintained mode.

Nootropic drugs for the elderly and children are extremely necessary to increase their creative activity and restore delayed intellectual development. Manufacturers of such stimulants claim that their medications improve the metabolism of nucleic acids, activate the synthesis of protein, ATP and RNA, penetrate well through the BBB, and also increase the rate of glucose utilization.

Properties of nootropics

The effect of a number of nootropic drugs is sometimes mediated through the neurotransmitter system of the brain (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

According to manufacturers, nootropics can have other types of effects, including:

• antioxidant;
• membrane stabilizing;
• neuroprotective;
• antihypoxic.

Other drug options

Nootropic drugs are recommended to be used in combination. That's the only way it gets better bioelectrical activity And integrative activities brain, which manifests itself as characteristic changes electrophysiological patterns (a noticeable increase in the level of wakefulness, as well as the dominant peak, facilitated passage of information between the hemispheres of the brain, increased relative and absolute power EEG spectrum of the hippocampus and cortex).

Due to increased cortico-subcortical control, improved information exchange in the brain, a positive effect on reproduction and the formation of a memory trace, we can safely say that such drugs lead to increased learning ability, improved memory, thinking, attention, perception, as well as activation of intellectual functions .

By the way, many manufacturing companies claim that such tools can significantly improve and accelerate cognitive skills (or However, these statements have never been scientifically confirmed.

Effects

According to manufacturers, nootropic drugs have the following effects on humans:

Are nootropic drugs effective for stroke prevention?

We figured out what kind of medicines these are. But this raises a new question about how effective they are in the treatment and prevention of strokes. It should be noted that this practice is subject to doubt. This is due to the fact that the use of nootropics in relation to such deviations has not been confirmed

Clinical Application

Before explaining why such tools are used in official medicine, it should be noted that nootropic drugs are not sold in pharmacies without prescriptions from attending physicians. This is explained by the fact that they belong to the same drug group as strong psychostimulants.

Initially, the medications presented were used to treat brain disorders in elderly people with organic brain syndrome. Although in the last few years (usually in third world countries) they have become quite widely used in various fields of medicine, including surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology, narcology, as well as obstetric and geriatric practices.

Thus, nootropic drugs are used by doctors for:

Indications for children

In developing countries, the products presented are especially common in pediatrics. Thus, nootropic drugs are prescribed to children for:

• mental retardation;
• delayed speech and mental development;
• cerebral palsy;
• consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system;
• attention deficit disorder.

Other indications for use

The best nootropic drug is the one that has a pronounced therapeutic effect and does not negatively affect the human body. It should be noted that such funds are sometimes used for:

• stuttering (“Pantogam”, “Phenibut”);
• correction of neuroleptic syndrome (“Hopantenic acid”, “Pyritinol”, “Deanol aceglumate”, “Pantogam”);
• hyperkinesis (“Hopantenic acid”, “Phenibut”, “Memantine”);
• urination disorder (“Pantogam”, “Nicotinoyl-GABA”);
• sleep disorders (“Phenibut”, “Calcium gamma-hydroxybutyrate”, “Glycine”);
• migraines (“Pyritinol”, “Nicotinoyl-GABA”, “Semax”);
• dizziness (Ginkgo biloba, Phenibut, Piracetam);
• for the prevention of motion sickness (GABA, Phenibut).

By the way, in ophthalmic practice such agents are used in the composition combination therapy with open-angle glaucoma, vascular diseases retina and macula (“Nicotinoyl-GABA”), as well as senile and diabetic retinopathy (“Ginkgo biloba”).

Natural nootropics

In addition to medications, to obtain therapeutic effect quite often natural substances with similar properties are used. Of course, natural nootropics are not as effective as pharmacological drugs, but within a few weeks after use, patients still begin to notice improvements in cognitive functions, etc.

The nervous system of a newly born person is still immature. It will be improved over the years. No wonder that caring parents They look closely at their baby - does he have any deviations?

Is your baby restless before bed? Sometimes the chin trembles, arms and legs twitch, does the baby spit up profusely and often, does he lag behind his peers in development? Does your toddler have a delay in speech development or does he not want to sit up and walk at the average time? All these symptoms can be a sign of either a natural immaturity of the nervous system for babies or a serious illness.

When the question arises, as they say, right now, parents and pediatricians have no time to wait to see if they will go away. alarming symptoms with time.

After all, what older child, the more difficult it is to correct deviations caused by neurological pathologies. In this situation, children are prescribed nootropic drugs. There is no need to be afraid - according to statistics, every third child is prescribed them.

What it is?

Nootropics are neurometabolic stimulants. Simply put, drugs that actively act on the higher mental functions of the brain, improve blood circulation and the functioning of the nervous system, and stimulate metabolic processes in nerve tissues. In the international classification, nootropic drugs do not have a separate group; they are combined with psychostimulants. But this is also no reason to worry.

Action

Nootropic action is based on several processes. They improve energy status nerve cells(neurons), accelerate processes occurring in the central nervous system, saturate the brain with oxygen, strengthen the membranes of nerve cells, and increase the speed of impulses in the brain. As a result, metabolic processes in the brain are significantly improved, memory is “strengthened”, and perception is “enlivened”. Nootropics also have a positive effect on the mechanisms of thinking and increase intellectual abilities. It is for this reason that nootropics received their second unofficial name - “cognitive stimulants.”

There are nootropic drugs various classifications, there are more than 20 species in total. These are more than a hundred titles.

Indications for use

Nootropic drugs are prescribed to children when the following diseases and states:

• Retardation in the development of the child’s psyche,
• Delayed speech development
• The consequences of intrauterine suffering of the baby, during which the central nervous system was affected,
• Head injuries (concussions, TBI),
• Attention deficit disorder
• Various forms of mental retardation,

Besides, individual species nootropic drugs will most likely be prescribed for severe stuttering, sleep disturbances in a child, urinary disorders, migraines, severe dizziness. Nootropics are used to treat hyperkinesis (these are chaotic, convulsive, randomly occurring movements of the arms and legs in children), as well as to prevent motion sickness. In addition, nootropic drugs for the treatment of children are used in ophthalmology, toxicology, and traumatology.

Pros and cons

Despite their rather positive effects on the body, controversy and scientific discussions around nootropics do not subside. Wide Application These drugs were found only in Russia and the former CIS countries. Probably because they began to be used in our medicine back in the middle of the 20th century. European and American doctors, for example, refuse to prescribe nootropics to their young patients.

The reason is that the effectiveness and benefits of nootropic drugs have not yet been scientifically proven. Although everyone agrees that there is no particular harm from them either. What then is the point of treating everyone and everything with nootropics, unless, of course, we are talking about the list of diseases indicated above? This opinion, in particular, is shared by the famous doctors Roshal and Komarovsky. Some experts even propose to transfer nootropic drugs from the category of medicines to the category of dietary supplements.

What medications can the doctor prescribe?

• The main and very first nootropic in history, the “founding father” of all other drugs in this family, is Piracetam. Most Russians and residents of the former CIS countries are familiar with it by other synonymous names: Nootropil, Cerebril, Lutsetam, Oikamid, etc.

Piracetam was synthesized more than half a century ago. The drug has a beneficial effect on the brain, stimulates memory, increases the ability to cope with intellectual stress, motivates learning, and promotes concentration. Available in capsules, ampoules and tablets. Piracetam is not recommended for children under one year of age. In addition, this drug is not suitable for children with psychomotor agitation.

Side effects from taking Piracetam include insomnia, impaired coordination of movements, irritability, and confusion.

• Another very popular drug among Russian pediatricians is Pantogam. It's a nootropic anticonvulsant. Available in the form of tablets and syrup. Your doctor can prescribe it for your baby from the first days of life.

  The medicine improves the condition of children with various forms of cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, and autism. In addition, Pantogam helps with urinary incontinence, childhood nervous tics, hyperactivity syndrome and delayed speech development. Side effects are kept to a minimum, including drowsiness and allergic reaction on any component of Pantogam.

• Picamilon is a nootropic drug that dilates blood vessels in the brain, an analogue of Piracetam. Among other things, it has a psychostimulating and mild tranquilizing effect. Available in ampoules for intravenous and intramuscular injection and in tablets. Not recommended for children under 3 years of age.

  Picamilon is often prescribed to overly anxious, emotionally unstable children. In addition, this nootropic is taken to increase endurance under conditions of physical and mental overload, for example, by athletes.

Side effects include: headache, nausea, itchy skin. The drug should not be taken by a child with kidney problems.

• Phenibut is a modern nootropic that is often prescribed to children. It stimulates the activity of the nervous system, increases mental performance, improves memory, and helps schoolchildren cope with overload during the learning process. The tranquilizer effect helps relieve anxiety, irritability, and improve sleep. Available in tablets and powders. This drug is low-toxic, and therefore it is prescribed to children from 2 years of age. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea.

• Pyritinol is a nootropic drug with a slight sedative effect. It is often recommended to take it when depressive states, vegetative-vascular dystonia, increased fatigue, mental retardation. Suitable for children from 1 year. It has a fairly large list of side effects from nausea to polymyositis, dyspnea and loss of taste.

• Cinnarizine (synonyms Balcinnarzin, Vertizin, Disiron, Cinnarone, Cyrizin) is a nootropic, the instructions for use for which say that it is not recommended for children under 12 years of age. However, many doctors have long been prescribing this drug to babies under one year old, and claim its positive effects. However, the effectiveness of the drug has not been proven, but side effects have been recorded in patients. They are satisfied with serious problems with this drug: disturbances in the functioning of the liver and kidneys, drop in blood pressure, headaches. Cinnarizine is available in capsules and tablets.

• Semax is one of the nootropic drugs loved by pediatricians. It is available in the form of nasal drops, and therefore it is convenient to use even for the youngest patients. Semax comes to the rescue in cases where children experience delayed speech development, sleep disturbances, hyperexcitability, and moodiness. Side effects include dizziness and irritation of the nasal mucosa.

• An excellent option would be the simplest aminoacetic acid, Glycine. It has all the benefits of nootropics, but without the scary side effects. Glycine is prescribed to children of any age. The drug regulates the processes of excitation and inhibition. As a result, the child’s attention increases, learning ability significantly improves, and normalization night sleep.

It is almost impossible to list all the drugs of the nootropic family, there are a lot of them, and besides, pharmaceutical industry does not stand still, and almost every year presents something new. It is profitable to look for new formulas in nootropic drugs, because these drugs are quite in demand by both adults and children.

• Among the “new products” I would like to mention the Japanese nootropic Gammalon. The cost of this drug exceeds the cost of its parent, Piracetam, by more than 100 times. A package of the drug from the Land of the Rising Sun costs about 2,500 rubles per package (100 tablets).

According to reviews on the Internet, it helps even children with severe forms of autism and childhood cerebral palsy, alleviates their condition. But a number of doctors have doubts about Gammalon. The fact is that even a superficial analysis of the instructions for use to observant patients can tell that the Japanese “miracle medicine” contains only one amino acid - gamma-aminobutyric.

Nootropic with the same exact composition– Aminalon. Only it costs only 99 rubles. A practical approach to the issue suggests that Japanese Gammalon is simply a successful marketing ploy, especially since its effectiveness and benefits, like other nootropic drugs, have not yet been scientifically proven.

Conclusion about diagnostics in Russia

In Russia, a unique diagnostic practice has developed. Doctors at the clinic, for the sake of “reinsurance”, can diagnose a neurological or even psychiatric diagnosis any child with increased excitability, very active or anxious. By and large, if there was a person, there would be a diagnosis.

Doctors cannot be blamed for this. The Ministry of Health orders them to do so. After all, missing the onset of a disease is even worse. Parents begin to treat their child with nootropic drugs prescribed by a careful doctor, without actually knowing whether they are harmful. When really existing disease nootropics are effective, but in case of medical “reinsurance” the drug healthy child will bring absolutely nothing except possible side effects.

Doctors also do not have precise and uniform criteria for assessing the behavior of young children. Therefore, to establish a line between an ordinary restless child and a child with neurological disease pretty hard.

Despite all diagnostic methods, the solution to the dilemma “Normal or pathological” falls on the shoulders of the doctor and will ultimately be determined only by him. And this is fertile ground for medical errors and those same reinsurances “just in case”.

Main principle any doctor – “Do no harm”, and testing drugs on a child in search of the opportunity to finally get a list of drugs with proven effectiveness is, at the very least, short-sighted and unethical. It’s better to let laboratory animals fill up the statistics.

For more information about nootropics, see the following video.

They are a group of psychotropic drugs that can increase the stability of the human nervous system. They help to quickly solve the problem of injuries, oxygen deprivation, poisoning, strong physical activity, as well as insomnia.

How do nootropics enhance brain capabilities?

Medicines of this type directly affect various functions brain, bring them into activity and make the mind and memory processes work. These medical supplies are able to facilitate the interaction of both hemispheres and the main centers that are located on the cerebral cortex. To achieve the desired effect, nootropics perform the following actions:

• stabilization of cell membranes;
• increased glucose utilization;
• elimination of oxidation processes;
• activation of protein and ATP formation.

What are the harms of using nootropics?

Such drugs do not pose a serious threat to the human body, since they do not affect any important functions. But at the same time, they have a number of contraindications and side effects, which should definitely be studied before using medications.

Prohibited conditions when taking nootropics include:

• age up to three years;
• problems with the endocrine system;
• allergic reactions to the component composition;
• severe renal failure;
• period of gestation or breastfeeding.

As for side effects, they are quite rare, since most patients tolerate these medications well. IN individual situations the following reactions occur:

• drowsiness throughout the day;
• allergies;
• sudden change in blood pressure;
• dyspeptic pathologies;
• nervousness.

Top 20 best nootropics. List of drugs by effectiveness

A fairly effective and completely safe remedy can have a beneficial effect on the brain, improving blood circulation and its activity.

This drug does not dilate blood vessels, strengthens the neuromuscular connection and utilizes glucose.

Another advantage of the nootropic is its positive effect on the learning process and improved memorization of information.

As for the shortcomings, buyers highlight only one nuance - the effect is not noticed immediately, but only after a couple of weeks from the moment you start taking the drug.

2. Phenotropil

The tablets have anti-amnestic properties, improve mood and increase stability human body to stressful conditions.

They are prescribed by specialists in cases of depression, convulsive conditions, chronic alcoholism, as well as neurotic problems. The drug is famous for its ability to improve vision and facilitate the learning process. In addition, it replenishes energy reserves in the consumer’s body.

In addition to contraindications for use, the nootropic has one more disadvantage - it can only be purchased with a doctor’s prescription.

3. Combitropil

The product, sold in capsule form, contains cinnarizine and piracetam, which ensures its increased effectiveness.

It has not only a nootropic, but also a vasodilator effect.

Among the negative qualities, only caution is noted when taking the drug for a long time, as side effects may appear.

4. Biotredin

The drug helps improve memory, concentration and attention, helps reduce the craving for alcohol, and also eliminates headaches of any type. Also he has important in the metabolism of nucleic acids, as it improves it almost instantly.

Patients also like the remedy for increasing clarity of consciousness, discovering the hidden capabilities of the brain, a state of wakefulness and increased vitality.

The disadvantages include the incompatibility of the drug with other antipsychotic tablets, as well as an additional contraindication - hypersensitivity to vitamin B.

5. Calcium hopantenate

This remedy achieves its beneficial effect on the brain thanks to the main active substance, which is hopantenic acid.

The nootropic has anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, helps improve concentration and memory, and also accelerates blood flow in the brain. It does not contain toxic elements and is well tolerated by the body.

The negative aspects include increased action calming tablets and a doctor's prescription upon purchase.

This excellent corrector of blood circulation in the brain is liked by both doctors and patients for its high efficiency and ability to short time improve mental performance.

The downside is the fact that when the drug is prescribed intravenously, it must be administered slowly, which not every person can do on their own.

A medicine with an analgesic, nootropic and tranquilizing effect improves metabolic processes in tissues, copes well with mental disorders and helps reduce anxiety.

Moreover, the drug helps to increase the resistance of the human brain to oxygen starvation and adverse effects of toxins.

As for the disadvantages of this drug, they all boil down to only the main ones side effects and contraindications.

The product in the form of drops stimulates the energy processes of the brain and increases its resistance to various stresses and hypoxia.

It is absorbed quite quickly, does not affect hormonal levels and is not harmful to health. It is also worth noting the neurometabolic effect of the nootropic, which is pronounced even when taking drops in minimal doses.

The downside is irritation of the nasal mucosa if you use the product for too long.

9. Acefen

The good thing about the composition is that it helps improve blood supply to the brain, eliminate depression, activate cognitive activity, and also develop the body’s resistance to lack of oxygen and toxic effects. It also has an antihypoxic effect and calms the nervous system.

Speaking about the disadvantages of the drug, it is worth mentioning not only the need for a prescription from a doctor when purchasing, but also the fact that in patients with schizophrenia who take this drug, hallucinations begin to appear more often and their duration increases.

10. Cogitum

This type of nootropic has gained popularity due to its relief in the condition of patients with cerebral palsy, restoration of the functioning of the nervous system, and the ability to take it not only with water, but also with other drinks.

His negative quality is hyperactivity or excessive tearfulness in children taking the drug, although such phenomena are rarely observed.

11. Glycine

The well-known calming tablets are famous for the fact that they are approved for use by both adults and children.

In addition, they are available without a prescription and are affordable for everyone. The product calms the nerves, makes cognitive functions work, and brings activity thought processes and speeds up memorization.

In addition, its components quickly penetrate into tissues, so you don’t have to wait long for a positive effect.

12. Vinpocetine

An excellent nootropic is designed to dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation, which makes it effective. It provides the brain tissue with the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

Moreover, this remedy lowers blood pressure, bringing it back to normal, and also thins the blood.

The drug even has an antioxidant effect.

13. Phenibut

This drug plays vital role in stimulating the brain.

It normalizes blood circulation, improves night sleep, eliminates daytime drowsiness, has antioxidant properties, and also has a beneficial effect on memory and concentration. In addition, the tablets help improve the emotional stability of the central nervous system.

The only drawback of this drug is the fact that it cannot be purchased without a prescription.

A medicine with antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties strengthens the human nervous system and improves memory. It is well tolerated by both adults and children, so this drug is used more often in pediatrics and for the elderly.

This nootropic is quite effective and does not pose any particular harm to health if you adhere to contraindications and do not ignore the doctor’s recommendations.

Among the disadvantages, experts note the fact that in case of severe disorders of the nervous system, the medication does not have any effect.

15. Cerebrolysin

A high-quality nootropic helps bring the brain into activity, restores the “foothold” and makes it possible to speed up the process of development of mental activity in children. In addition, it improves speech skills.

The disadvantage is the occurrence of convulsions as a result of incorrect injection.

16. Piracetam

It is not for nothing that this drug is included in the list of leaders.

It is prescribed specifically for the treatment of memory problems, intellectual disabilities, as well as psychoorganic syndrome, which entails frequent dizziness.

The main advantage of this remedy is the sensitive functioning of the brain after administration.

If the dosage specified in the instructions is increased, a change in physiological state is possible (from excessive agitation to severe drowsiness and vice versa), which is the main disadvantage.

17. Pantogam

The nootropic has a gentle effect on the nervous system and is approved for use by adults and children.

In the first case, tablets are prescribed, in the second - syrup. It helps the body cope with depression mental performance, as well as schizophrenia.

Side effects when taking it are extremely rare.

18. Cortexin

An excellent drug without third-party reactions is famous for its low toxicity and lack of disadvantages, with the exception of high cost.

The tablets effectively combat cerebral circulatory disorders, epileptic seizures and decreased learning ability.

This nootropic is usually prescribed to children.

19. Picamilon

A drug with fairly powerful antiplatelet, antioxidant and tranquilizing properties helps improve brain performance in a short time.

It perfectly regulates mental capabilities and calms the nerves.

20. Pramiracetam

The list of leaders is completed by a product included in the category of racetams.

It has a positive effect on intelligence, concentration and memory. As for side effects, they appear very rarely when taking these tablets, and are also mildly expressed.

It also has an excellent effect on the cognitive capabilities of the brain, which is a significant advantage.

Remember, self-medication is dangerous; consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.

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