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Anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsants

Probably everyone has experienced what a cramp is at least once in their life. These are involuntary brain symptoms which can lead to impairment of consciousness, emotional disorders or the strongest fibers in the arms or legs.

If you experience seizures quite often, then this is a reason why you urgently need to see a doctor. They can signal serious diseases not only in the nervous system, but also in other organs. After the examination, the doctor will definitely prescribe appropriate treatment, which will include anticonvulsants to reduce the frequency of attacks.

Causes of convulsive conditions

Seizures can appear in a person at different periods of life, most common reasons Such conditions include:

In order to get rid of such problems, it is necessary to accurately establish their cause, because in each specific case anticonvulsants are prescribed individually.

Types of seizures

The following classification of convulsive conditions can be given:

1. Generalized seizures. They most often involve the entire body, as, for example, during epileptic attacks.

Clonic. There's a change happening muscle tension, twitching is observed.
Tonic. Spasm of muscle fibers.
Tonic-clonic. Mixed convulsions, which are characterized by alternating involuntary twitching and spasm.

2. Local. Occurs in certain muscles, such as calf cramps.

Generalized seizures are more serious because they affect the entire body. They may be accompanied by loss of consciousness.

Any convulsive condition has a cause, which must be identified in order to prescribe adequate treatment.

Epilepsy, its causes and symptoms

This is a disease of the nervous system, it is characterized by sudden convulsions during which the entire body of the patient is affected. If a person is correctly diagnosed, then it is possible to achieve good results using new generation anticonvulsants.

The main causes of epilepsy include:

Damage to brain neurons.
Pathology during pregnancy.
Birth injuries.
Hereditary factor.
Poor blood circulation in the brain structures.
Oxygen starvation of the brain.
Viral infections.

Many doctors still cannot speak with high accuracy about the causes of this disease in each individual person.

The most common and a clear symptom This disease is convulsive seizures. They happen periodically and always begin suddenly. During an attack, the patient does not react at all to external stimuli; after it ends, the person usually feels weak, but does not remember the attack itself.

The seizure may not cover the entire body, then the patient simply loses consciousness, or spasms of the facial muscles and illogical, similar movements are observed.

A diagnosis of epilepsy can only be made after a thorough examination. If you prescribe timely and correct treatment, then in most cases it is possible to avoid attacks, and the person’s quality of life improves significantly.

Treatment of epilepsy

Most patients diagnosed with epilepsy are on the path to recovery if the treatment is prescribed correctly, and the patient and his family members take an active part in this process.

When treating, it is very important not just to prescribe anticonvulsants (for epilepsy), but to solve a number of problems:

Find out the causes of the attacks.
If possible, exclude the influence of those factors that can provoke seizures.
Make the correct diagnosis of the type of epilepsy.
Prescribe adequate treatment medicines. This may also include inpatient treatment.
Pay great attention to recreation, social problems, and employment of patients.

Among the basic principles of treatment of epilepsy are:

Selecting a medication that will match the type of seizure. Anticonvulsants are prescribed (such drugs help eliminate or mitigate attacks).
It is advisable to use monotherapy, that is, use one drug for convulsive conditions.
Use of physical therapy treatment.

Anticonvulsants

The following classification can be given, which is used for medications for seizures.

Benzodiazepines. This group includes: “Diazepam”, “Clonazepam”, “Dormikum” and others. These medications are used to relieve an attack and to prevent it.
Valproate. Anticonvulsants in this group interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses, so there are fewer seizures. These include: "Acediprol", "Apilepsin" and many others.
"Lamotrigine". It is usually used in complex therapy epilepsy until the patient’s condition normalizes.
Hydantoin derivatives. This includes "Difenin", it reduces excitability nerve cells. Has an anticonvulsant effect.
Succinoids. In their action they are similar to the drug of the previous group.
Oxazolidinedione derivatives. This is Trimetin, which is ineffective for complex and extensive convulsions, but can be useful for local ones.
Iminostilbenes. This includes Finlepsin; it prevents the reproduction of repeated action potentials, which are precisely the basis of convulsive activity.
Anticonvulsants of the barbiturate group belong to the older generation of drugs. Compared to modern drugs, they are already ineffective, so they are used less and less. In addition, when taken for a long time, they are addictive.

Any anticonvulsant medications for epilepsy should be prescribed by a doctor. Only in this case can we guarantee effective treatment. It is worth considering that if they are abruptly discontinued, the condition may worsen, so the doctor selects the dosage for the entire course of treatment.

Treatment of convulsive conditions in children

Cramps in childhood occur much more often than in adults. This can be caused by many reasons, ranging from brain diseases to the usual high temperature during a viral infection.

The predisposition of young children to frequent seizures can be explained by the immaturity of brain structures. At the first symptoms of an attack, it is necessary to take all necessary measures to stop it, otherwise irreversible changes in the central nervous system are possible.

According to the degree of danger, anticonvulsant medications for children can be divided into two groups:

Drugs that practically do not depress breathing. These include benzodiazepines: Droperidol, Lidocaine.
Respiratory depressants. These are barbiturates, "Magnesium sulfate".

If you have diagnosed a convulsive seizure in your child, then you do not need to wait for it to recur, but you should immediately consult a doctor. If you have single convulsions during a high temperature, next time you should not wait for the thermometer to rise above 38 degrees, bring it down earlier and do not provoke an attack.

If such conditions are observed frequently in a child, he will be prescribed treatment. Any anticonvulsant is used strictly in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. In young children, Phenobarbital is most often used in treatment.

It not only prevents the occurrence of cramps, but also calms nervous system and has a slight hypnotic effect.

Doctors often prescribe one anticonvulsant for the treatment of such conditions for children - a mixture of Sereysky and its variety. It contains: luminal, caffeine and papaverine. In combination, they relieve spasms well and improve the nutrition of nerve cells.

Muscle spasm in the legs

If an epileptic seizure, which is accompanied by convulsions, is a relatively infrequent phenomenon, since the percentage of such patients is relatively small, then almost every person has probably experienced a sharp spasm in the legs. It appears when the muscle stops contracting. Most often, this phenomenon can be observed in the calf muscle. This spasm usually lasts several minutes. After its completion, the pain may disappear without a trace, and in some cases you may still feel pain in the muscle for several days.

Often such attacks occur at night, some remember the sensations when in the water while swimming at sea. In this case, it is advisable for someone to be nearby and provide help.

If this happens to you quite often, then you should not brush off this problem, but you should consult a doctor.

Causes of leg cramps

If we talk about the reasons that can provoke the development of a sharp muscle spasm in the leg, we can note the following:

Idiopathic Occurs for an unknown reason, most often at night, especially in elderly people. Athletes are also aware of such problems. According to scientists, this occurs when the muscle is already in a contracted state, and the nervous system sends another impulse to contract to it. If you periodically train your muscles and do stretching exercises, you can reduce the number of such attacks or eliminate them altogether.
Another group of cramps can signal a number of problems in the body:

Dehydration.
Pregnancy.
Flat feet.
Overweight.
Lack of calcium and magnesium.
Nervous overstrain.
Diseases of the thyroid gland.
Imbalance of potassium and sodium in the blood.
Narrowing of the arteries in the legs, which is often observed in smokers.
Alcohol abuse.
Hypothermia of the feet.
Lack of B vitamins, lack of vitamins D, E.

As you can see, there are a lot of reasons why leg cramps can bother you and complicate your life.

First aid and treatment for leg cramps

When a person’s leg or arm cramps, the first priority is to relieve this attack as quickly as possible. What can be recommended to do to stop the spasm?

Stand on the cramped leg, only holding on to the chair. Although this action is painful, it is considered quite effective.
You can put your foot under hot water if possible.
Press sharply on the middle of the muscle.
Do a self-massage, starting from the ankle to the thigh.
Grab it with both hands and pull it up and towards you.
Try pinching yourself several times on the cramped area.
Advice from athletes is to inject a pin into the muscle.

After you manage to relieve a painful muscle spasm, it is advisable not to delay visiting a doctor, especially if you often have cramps. Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the established causes of this condition.

There are several ways to deal with this problem:

Drug treatment.
Using folk remedies.
Special gymnastics.

If speak about drug treatment, then the best anticonvulsants for the legs are “Orthocalcium + magnesium” and “Ortho Taurine Ergo”.

The first medicine saturates the body with magnesium, as well as other minerals and vitamins, without which normal muscle function is impossible. Sometimes the effect is noticeable after the first use, but most often it is necessary to undergo a month-long course of treatment with this drug.

"Ortho Taurine Ergo" is even more effective; it is prescribed even for epileptic seizures. It, like all anticonvulsants (anticonvulsants), relieves an attack. Its effect is enhanced by the presence of vitamins E, B, zinc and lipoic acid.

Doctors often prescribe new-age anti-cramp medications for the legs because they not only help quickly relieve spasms, but also reduce mental and physical fatigue.

An even greater effect will be achieved if these two drugs: “Orthocalcium + magnesium” and “Ortho Taurine Ergo” are taken together. Spasms will bother you less and less, and treatment will proceed faster.

Gymnastics can have a positive effect on the speed of treatment and ego efficiency. Some exercises (best done in the morning) will help your muscles return to normal faster:

Standing near a chair, place your feet crosswise and lean on the outer sides. After a few seconds, take your starting position.
Sitting on a chair, bend your fingers as hard as you can, and then straighten them.
From a standing position, rise on your toes so that your heels are off the floor, and then sharply lower yourself.
You can do this before going to bed rotational movements feet, as well as flexion and extension of the toes.

Capabilities traditional medicine also should not be discounted. Doctors offer the following tips for leg cramps:

Rub lemon juice into the skin of your feet every morning and evening. There is no need to wipe it off; it needs to be absorbed by itself.
Bay oil helps a lot. You can prepare it in the following way: pour 50 grams of leaf with 250 ml of vegetable oil and leave for two weeks in a dark place. After filtering, it is necessary to smear it on the places where cramps most often occur.
Mix celandine juice and Vaseline in a 1:2 ratio, rub this mixture on your hands or feet where spasms occur.

Any disease requires an integrated approach. An exception is seizures. Treatment will be more effective if medications are used together. folk remedies and exercise.

Prevention of seizures

If the cause of seizures is epilepsy, then this requires serious treatment. Only regular use of medications and compliance with all doctor’s recommendations will allow you to avoid periodic seizures.

If you experience frequent muscle spasms in your arms or legs, you may be advised to follow these recommendations:

Build the diet so that it contains a sufficient amount of all necessary minerals and vitamins.
In winter, you can replenish your supply of elements by taking synthetic vitamins and biological supplements.
You need to drink about 2 liters of water per day.
It is necessary to limit your sugar intake.
Don't get carried away with caffeine, it can leach calcium from your bones.
If you play sports, you need to properly distribute the load.
Don't go into too cold water when you're at sea.
When sitting on a chair, never put your legs under you, especially both at once.

If, nevertheless, prevention did not help you, and convulsions occur, then you should consult a doctor. There is no need to buy anticonvulsants without a prescription, otherwise you will only harm yourself even more.

They not only relieve cramps, but also ease the general condition of the body. The first attempts at such treatment were made at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Then potassium bromide was used to combat attacks. Phenobarbital began to be used in 1912. Since 1938, the list has been supplemented with Phenytoin. Currently modern medicine uses more than thirty medications. Today more than 70% of people suffer mild form epilepsy and are successfully treated with anticonvulsants. However, treatment of severe forms of the disease remains one of the most current problems for scientists. Any prescribed medicine must have antiallergic properties without affecting the central nervous system. It is also necessary to exclude addiction, feelings of apathy and weakness.

The main task of each remedy is to eliminate spasms without suppressing the central nervous system and psychophysical disorders. Any drug is prescribed only by a doctor after comprehensive examination and part of the brain. Taking anticonvulsants can last for several years, and in some cases, for a lifetime. This happens in the case of severe heredity or a chronic form of the disease. In some situations, in addition to drug therapy Surgery is performed on the affected area of the brain.

Modern medicine classifies anticonvulsants according to the following scheme:

barbiturates;
hydantoin preparations;
oxazolidiones;
succinamide-based drugs;
iminostilbenes;
tablets containing benzodiazepine;
products based on valproic acid

Anticonvulsant drugs list

The main anticonvulsants are:

Phenytoin. It is used for convulsive seizures with status epilepticus. Its action is aimed at inhibiting nerve receptors and stabilizing membranes at the level of the cell body. The drug has a number of side effects: nausea, trembling, vomiting, involuntary rotation of the eyes, dizziness.
Carbamazeline is used for grand mal convulsive psychomotor seizures. It stops severe attacks during the active stage of the disease. During treatment, the patient's mood improves. But there are a number of side effects: impaired blood circulation, drowsiness, dizziness. Contraindications are pregnancy and allergies.
Phenobarbital is used for epileptic seizures in combination with other drugs. The medicine calms and normalizes the nervous system. Pego should be taken long time. Withdrawal occurs extremely carefully and gradually, as elements of the drug accumulate in the body. Side effects include blood pressure disorders and difficulty breathing. Cannot be used during lactation and the first trimester of pregnancy. It is also prohibited to use in case of renal failure, muscle weakness and alcohol dependence.
Clonazepam is used for myoclonic epilepsy and psychomotor seizures. The drug eliminates involuntary seizures and reduces their intensity. Under the influence of the pills, the muscles relax and the nervous system calms down. Side effects include musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, irritability, and prolonged depression. Contraindications for use include heavy physical work requiring increased concentration, pregnancy, renal failure and liver disease. During treatment in mandatory you should stop drinking alcoholic beverages.
The action of the drug Lamotrigine is aimed at eliminating severe attacks, mild seizures and clonic and tonic seizures. It stabilizes the activity of brain neurons, which leads to a reduction in seizures and over time they completely disappear. The side effect may be skin rash, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, tremor. It is not recommended to exercise during treatment physical work requiring increased concentration.
Sodium volproate is prescribed for the treatment of severe psychomotor seizures, mild seizures, and myoclonic epilepsy. The medicine reduces the production of electrical impulses in the brain, eliminates anxiety and stabilizes mental condition sick. Side effects are expressed by disorders gastrointestinal tract, circulatory and blood clotting disorders. You should not take the medicine during pregnancy and lactation, with diseases of the pancreas, as well as hepatitis in various forms.
Primidone is used for psychomotor seizures and myoclonic epilepsy. The action of the drug inhibits the activity of neurons in the damaged area of the brain and eliminates involuntary spasms. Due to the fact that the drug causes increased agitation, it is not prescribed to children and the elderly. Side effects include: nausea, allergies, anemia, headaches, apathy and addiction. Contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for liver disease and renal failure.
Beclamid relieves generalized and partial seizures. It blocks electrical impulses in the head, reduces excitability and eliminates seizures. Side effects include dizziness, gastrointestinal irritation, weakness and allergies. Use is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
Benzobamil is prescribed to children for epilepsy, as well as for focal seizures. This is the least toxic drug that has a sedative effect on the central nervous system. Side effects include weakness, nausea, lethargy, and involuntary eye rotation. Treatment with the drug is contraindicated in case of heart failure, renal failure and liver disease.

Anticonvulsants without prescription

Anticonvulsants are prescribed only by a doctor to treat serious illnesses, so they can only be purchased with a prescription. Of course, you can try to buy them without a prescription, but this can seriously harm your health. If you order some medications from an online pharmacy, you will often not be asked for a prescription.

Anticonvulsants for the legs

If there is no history of epilepsy or inflammation of the nerves, then the following drugs are prescribed to treat convulsions:

Valparine suppresses seizure activity during epileptic seizures. It does not have a pronounced sedative and hypnotic effect.
Xanax is a psychotropic drug that eliminates feelings of anxiety, fear and emotional stress. Has a moderate hypnotic effect.
Diphenin has a muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effect. It increases the pain threshold for neuralgia and reduces the duration of convulsive attacks.
Antinerval relieves seizures, depression and anxiety. It is also used to prevent depressive disorders.
Keppra is an antiepileptic drug aimed at suppressing neural firing and relieving seizures.

Under no circumstances should you take these medications on your own, as the cause of seizures may be hypothermia, injury, flat feet, or a lack of certain vitamins.

Anticonvulsant therapy for children includes individual approach to every little patient. The frequency of attacks, at what time they occur, and the general clinical picture are taken into account. An important point treatment is the correct selection of medication and dose. Correct treatment helps in many cases to completely get rid of seizures. First, small doses of the drug are prescribed, which are gradually increased. It is necessary to keep an accurate record of seizures and monitor their dynamics. Convulsive seizures in infants and young children are always an indication for emergency therapeutic measures. Delay may lead to brain swelling and vital damage important functions in organism. Initially, a 20% glucose solution is administered intravenously. If convulsions continue, then very carefully, monitoring the work of the heart muscle, inject a 25% solution of magnesium sulfate. If the effect does not occur, then pyridoxine hydrochloride is prescribed. The main drug is Phenobarbital. It calms the child and has a dehydration effect. The medicine is prescribed according to age-related doses and depending on the nature and frequency of attacks. If there is no improvement after two or three days, then add sodium bromide, caffeine or Benzonal. In some cases, treatment is combined with the prescription of Diphenin. It does not have cumulative properties and can have side effects such as decreased appetite, nausea, irritation of the oral mucosa, and stomatitis. Children with frequent seizures are sometimes prescribed Hexamidine in combination with Phenobarmital and Definin. In inhibited children, this treatment significantly improves the condition. Contraindications include diseases of the kidneys, liver and hematopoietic organs. IN early age Treatment is often prescribed with the Sereysky mixture or its modifications. The main components of the drug are caffeine, papaverine, luminal.

Anticonvulsants: list of the best for epilepsy and seizures

Drugs anticonvulsant group used as a means to eliminate pain symptoms and muscle spasms, preventing the transition from a state of attacks of pain to convulsive and epileptic manifestations.

The activation of a nerve impulse simultaneously by a group of specific neurons is similar to the signal produced by motor neurons in the cerebral cortex. When this type of lesion occurs, the nerve endings do not manifest themselves in tics or convulsions, but cause attacks of pain.

The purpose of using anticonvulsants is to relieve pain or muscle spasms without causing central nervous system depression. Depending on the severity of the disease, these drugs can be used from several years to lifelong use in severe chronic or genetic forms of the disease.

Attacks of convulsive activity are associated with an increase in the degree of excitation of nerve endings in the brain, usually localized in certain areas of its structure and diagnosed upon the onset of a condition characteristic of the onset of a convulsive syndrome.

The cause of cramps may be a deficiency in the body of necessary chemical elements, such as magnesium or potassium, pinching of a muscle nerve in the canal, or sudden prolonged exposure to cold. A deficiency of potassium, calcium or magnesium provokes disruptions in the transmission of signals to the muscles from the brain, as evidenced by the occurrence of spasms.

In the initial stage, the manifestation of the development of a neurological type of disease consists of local pain sensations emanating from the area of the affected nerve cells and manifested by attacks of pain of varying strength and nature of manifestation. As the disease progresses due to the development inflammatory processes or muscle spasms in the area of pinched nerve endings, the severity of the attacks increases.

In case of early contact with a specialist, a complex of medications is used for therapy that eliminates the causes and signs of damage to nerve endings. Self-diagnosis and treatment does not allow you to choose from a wide range of anticonvulsants the most suitable one for relieving pain symptoms and eliminating the cause of discomfort.

When observed by a specialist, he evaluates the performance of the prescribed drug based on its effectiveness and diagnoses the absence of pathological changes after taking it based on the results of blood tests.

Basics of anticonvulsant therapy

Complex treatment for convulsive manifestations includes groups of drugs with different principles of action, including:

non-steroidal medications with anti-inflammatory effects that reduce temperature and eliminate pain and discomfort after eliminating inflammation;
tablets for antiviral neuralgia, used to prevent the occurrence of disorders or reduce the degree of pain in the event of their occurrence;
drugs of the analgesic group that have an analgesic effect are used to eliminate pain in strictly dosed quantities to eliminate the occurrence of side effects;
means for eliminating muscle spasms with paroxysmal manifestations, belonging to the group of muscle relaxants;
external use in the form of ointments and gels for treating affected areas or injections to relieve muscle spasms;
means that normalize the functioning of the nervous system and sedatives;
anticonvulsant drugs, the action of which is based on the elimination of pain symptoms by reducing the activity of nerve cells, these drugs are used most effectively when the source of pain is concentrated in the brain or spinal cord, and less effectively for the treatment of disorders of the peripheral nerves.

Some of the prescribed drugs have the effect of inhibiting the development or preventing the occurrence of allergic-type reactions.

Main groups of anticonvulsants

Anticonvulsants are divided into several groups, a list of which is provided below.

Iminostilbenes

Iminostilbenes are characterized by anticonvulsant effect, after their use, there is an elimination of pain symptoms and an improvement in mood. Drugs in this group include:

Valproates, used as anticonvulsants and iminostilbenes, help improve the patient's emotional background.

In addition, when using these drugs, tranquilizing, sedative and muscle relaxant effects are noted. Drugs in this group include:

Barbiturates

Barbiturates are characterized by a sedative effect, help lower blood pressure and have a hypnotic effect. Among these medications, the most commonly used are:

Benzodiazepine-based anticonvulsant drugs have a pronounced effect and are used in cases of convulsive conditions in epilepsy and prolonged attacks of neuralgic disorders.

These drugs are characterized by sedative and muscle relaxant effects; with their use, normalization of sleep is noted.

Among these drugs:

Succiminids

Anticonvulsants of this group are used to eliminate muscle spasms of individual organs during neuralgia. When using drugs in this group, sleep disturbances or nausea may occur.

Among the most used means are known:

Anticonvulsants used for leg cramps:

A blow to the nine convulsive “gates”

The main anticonvulsants that are most often used for epilepsy, seizures and neuralgia of various origins:

Finlepsin is used in cases of neurological diseases with lesions of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves. It has analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant effects. The principle of action of the drug is based on calming the membrane of nerves with a high degree of excitation by blocking sodium channels. The drug is characterized by complete absorption by the intestinal walls over a fairly long period of time. Contraindications to the use of the drug include poor tolerability of Carbamazepine and increased eye pressure.
Carbamazepine is used as an anticonvulsant to treat neuralgia trigeminal nerve, has an antidepressant effect. The initiation of the drug should be gradual as the dose of the previous drug is reduced. Preparations containing Phenobarbital reduce the effectiveness of Carbamazepine, which must be taken into account when prescribing complex treatment.
Clonazepam is characterized by an anticonvulsant effect and is used to treat neuralgia with alternating myoclonic attacks. It has pronounced sedative and hypnotic effects. Possible side effects when using the drug are dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system, loss of concentration and mood disorders. The drug eliminates feelings of anxiety, has a hypnotic effect, sedative and relaxing effects on the patient’s body.
Phenytoin is used in cases of convulsive status with an effect based on slowing down nerve endings and fixing membranes at the cellular level.
Voltaren is used as an anticonvulsant for neurological disorders in the spine.
Ketonal is used to reduce pain symptoms on the body that have different localization areas. When prescribing a drug for therapy, it is necessary to take into account possible intolerance to the components and, as a consequence, the risk of developing cross-type allergies.
Sodium valproate is used in cases of seizures associated with the treatment of mild forms, epileptic nature of muscle contraction. The drug reduces the production of electrical impulses sent by the nervous system from the cerebral cortex and normalizes the patient’s mental state. Possible side effects of the drug include malfunctions digestive system, changes in blood clotting parameters.
Benzobamyl, used for focal attacks, is characterized by low toxicity and high efficiency in providing a sedative effect. Side effects of using the drug are a state of weakness, a reduced emotional background, which affects the level of activity of the patient.
Phenobarbital is prescribed for use in children; it has a sedative effect and is characterized by a hypnotic effect. Can be used in combination with other agents, such as vasodilators for nervous system disorders.

Practical consumer experience

How is it going with anticonvulsant therapy on practice? This can be judged by the reviews of patients and doctors.

I take Carbamazepine as a replacement for Finlepsin, because foreign analogue it costs more, but the domestically produced drug is excellent for therapy for my illness.

Since I tried both drugs, I can say that both are highly effective, however, the significant difference in cost is a significant disadvantage of a foreign product.

After several years of taking Finlepsin, on the advice of a doctor, I changed it to Retard, since the specialist believes that this drug is more suitable for me. I had no complaints while taking Finlepsin, but in Retard, except similar action there is a sedative effect.

In addition, the drug is characterized by greater ease of use, since in comparison with analogues it must be taken not three times a day, but once.

The drug Voltaren helps with pain syndromes of moderate severity. It is a good idea to use it as an addition to the main treatment.

Time to collect stones

A distinctive feature of anticonvulsants is the impossibility of quickly stopping their use. At tangible effect from the effect of the drug, the period for discontinuing its use is up to six months, during which there is a gradual decrease in the rate of taking the drug.

According to the widespread opinion of doctors, the most effective drug Carbamazepine is used for the treatment of seizure activity.

Less effective are drugs such as Lorazepam, Phenytoin, Relanium, Seduxen, Clonazepam, Dormicum and valporic acid, arranged in order of decreasing their therapeutic effect.

It remains to add that you cannot buy anticonvulsants without a prescription, which is good, since taking them irresponsibly is very dangerous.

Anticonvulsants: list of medications and contraindications

The purpose of anticonvulsant drugs is clear from their name. The purpose of these drugs is to reduce or completely eliminate muscle cramps and epileptic attacks. Many drugs are taken in combination to improve the effect.

This method of treatment was first used at the border of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At first, potassium bromide was used for this, a little later they began to use Phenobarbital, and starting in 1938, Phenytoin gained popularity.

Modern doctors use more than three dozen anticonvulsants for these purposes. No matter how scary it may sound, the fact remains that in our time about seventy percent of the world's population have a mild form of epilepsy.

But if in some cases anticonvulsants successfully solve the problem, then complex forms of such an ancient disease as epilepsy are not so easy to cure.

In this case, the main task of the drug is to eliminate spasms without disrupting the functioning of the central nervous system.

antiallergic properties;
completely eliminate addiction;
avoid depression and despondency.

Groups of anticonvulsants

In modern medical practice Anticonvulsants or anticonvulsants are divided into different groups depending on the main active ingredient.

These today are:

Barbiturates;
Hydantoin;
Oxazolidionone group;
Succinamide;
Iminostilbenes;
Benzodiazepine;
Valproic acid;

Anticonvulsants

The main drugs of this type:

Phenytoin. Indicated if the patient’s seizures are of a pronounced epileptic nature. The drug inhibits the action of nerve receptors and stabilizes membranes at the cellular level.

Has side effects, including:

vomiting, nausea;
dizziness;
spontaneous eye movement.

Carbamazepine. Used for prolonged attacks. In the active stage of the disease, the drug is able to stop attacks. Improves the patient's mood and well-being.

The main side effects will be:

Phenobarbital. Possible use in combination with other drugs. This medicine perfectly calms the central nervous system. As a rule, it is prescribed for a long time. It should also be withdrawn gradually.

changes in blood pressure;
breathing problems.

initial stage of pregnancy;
renal failure;
alcohol addiction;
and muscle weakness.

Clonazepam. Used in the treatment of myoclonic epilepsy. Fights involuntary cramps. Under the influence of the medicine, the nerves calm down and the muscles relax.

Also among the associated effects:

increased irritability and apathetic state;
discomfort of the musculoskeletal system.

During use the following is contraindicated:

pregnancy at different stages;

renal failure;

Drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited.

Lamotrigine. Successfully fights both mild and severe seizures epileptic seizures. The action of the drug leads to the stabilization of brain neurons, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the time between attacks. If successful, the seizures disappear completely.

Side effects may appear as:

Sodium valproate. Prescribed for the treatment of severe seizures and myoclonic epilepsy. The drug stops the production of electrical impulses in the brain, maintaining a stable somatic state of the patient. Side effects usually include stomach and intestinal disorders.

pregnant women;
for hepatitis and pancreatic disease.

Primidon. Used for psychomotor seizures, as well as in the treatment of myoclonic epilepsy. Slows down the activity of neurons in the damaged area and reduces spasms. The medicine can intensify arousal, therefore it is contraindicated in children and elderly people of the older generation.

Related actions include:

headache;
development of anemia;
apathy;
nausea;
allergic reactions and addiction.

pregnancy;
liver and kidney diseases.

Beclamid. Eliminates partial and generalized seizures. The drug reduces excitability and eliminates spasms.

Possible side effects:

dizziness;
bowel irritation;
allergy.

Benzabamil. It is usually prescribed to children with epilepsy, as it is the least toxic of its kind. Has a mild effect on the central nervous system.

Side effects are:

List of drugs without prescriptions

Unfortunately or fortunately, the composition of the data medicines such that they are prohibited from being released without a doctor’s prescription on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The easiest way today to get drugs without a prescription is to order via the Internet. Formally, the courier, of course, will be obliged to ask you for a recipe, but most likely this will not happen.

List of drugs for children

According to the level of danger, drugs are divided into two groups:

The first includes: benzodiazepines, lidocaine, droperidol with fentanyl and sodium hydroxybutyrate. These drugs have little effect on breathing.
The second group includes: chloral hydrate, barbiturates, magnesium sulfate. Substances more dangerous to breathe. They have a strong depressant effect.

The main drugs used in the treatment of seizures in children:

Benzodiazepines. The most commonly used drug from this series is sibazon, also known as seduxen or diazepam. An injection into a vein can stop seizures within five minutes. In large quantities, respiratory depression is still possible. In such cases, it is necessary to inject physostigmine intramuscularly; it can eliminate the nervous system and facilitate breathing.
Feitanil and droperidol. These drugs effectively act on the hippocampus (the area that triggers seizures), but due to the presence of morphine, babies under one year of age may have problems with breathing. The problem is eliminated with the help of nalorphine.
Lidocaine. Almost instantly suppresses seizures of any origin in children when administered into a vein. During treatment, a saturating dose is usually administered first, after which they move on to droppers.
Hexenal. It is a strong anticonvulsant, but has a depressant effect on the respiratory tract, and therefore its use in children is somewhat limited.
Phenobarbital. Used for treatment and prevention. It is prescribed mainly for mild attacks, since the effect develops quite slowly from four to six hours. Main value drug in duration of action. In young children, the effect can last up to two days. Parallel administration of phenobarbital and sibazon gives excellent results.

List of drugs for epilepsy

Not all anticonvulsants are necessarily used to treat epilepsy. About thirty medications are used in Russia to combat this disease.

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Anticonvulsants - list. The use of anticonvulsants for epilepsy and neuralgia

This group medications are used to relieve or prevent seizures of various origins. Drugs for seizures include a list of medications that are usually used when a person has epilepsy and are called antiepileptic drugs.

Effect of anticonvulsants

During an attack, a person experiences not only muscle spasms, but also pain due to them. The action of anticonvulsants is aimed at eliminating these manifestations, stopping the attack so that it does not progress from pain to epileptic, convulsive phenomena. A nerve impulse is activated along with a specific group of neurons, just as it does when transmitted from motor neurons in the cerebral cortex.

Anticonvulsant pills should relieve pain and muscle spasms without suppressing the central nervous system. Such medications are selected individually, taking into account the degree of complexity of the pathology. Depending on this, medications can be used for a certain period or throughout life if a genetic or chronic form of the disease is diagnosed.

Groups of anticonvulsants

To prevent epileptic seizures For convulsions, doctors have developed various means that differ in their principle of action. The doctor should prescribe specific anticonvulsants based on the nature of the seizures. The following groups of anticonvulsants are distinguished:

Barbiturates and derivatives

Phenobarbital, Benzamil, Benzoylbarbamyl, Benzonal, Benzobamyl.

Aimed at inhibiting neurons of the epileptic focus. As a rule, it has an indiscriminate depressant effect on the central nervous system.

Benzodiazepine-based drugs

Rivotril, Clonazepam, Ictorivil, Antelepsin, Ravatril, Klonopin, Ictoril.

These medications affect the activity of inhibitory neurons by acting on GABA receptors.

Carbamazepine, Zeptol, Finlepsin, Amizepine, Tegretol.

Have a restrictive effect on the spread electric potential by neurons.

Sodium valproate and derivatives

Acediprol, Epilim, Sodium Valproate, Apilepsin, Valparin, Diplexil, Konvulex.

They have a sedative, tranquilizing effect, and improve the emotional state of the patient.

Ethosuximide, Pufemid, Ronton, Sucimal, Etimal, Suxilep, Pycnolepsin,

Valparin, Diphenin, Xanax, Keppra, Actinerval;

Prescribed for the treatment of absence seizures, the tablets are a calcium channel blocker. Eliminate muscle spasms due to neuralgia.

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Anticonvulsants for epilepsy

Some products are available without a prescription, some only with one. Any pills for epilepsy should only be prescribed by a doctor to avoid side effects and not provoke complications. It is important to go to the hospital in a timely manner; quick diagnosis will increase the chances of remission and the duration of taking the medication. Popular anticonvulsant drugs for epilepsy are listed below:

Feniton. The tablets belong to the hydantoin group and are used to slightly slow down the reaction of nerve endings. This helps stabilize neural membranes. It is usually prescribed to patients who suffer from frequent seizures.
Phenobarbital. Included in the list of barbiturates, it is actively used for therapy in the first stages, to maintain remission. The medicine has a calming, mild effect, which is not always enough during epilepsy, so it is often prescribed along with other drugs.
Lamotrigine. It is considered one of the most powerful antiepileptic drugs. A properly prescribed course of treatment can completely stabilize the functioning of the nervous system without disrupting the release of amino acids.
Benzobamyl. This drug has low toxicity and a mild effect, so it can be prescribed to a child who suffers from seizures. The drug is contraindicated for people with pathologies of the heart, kidneys, and liver.
Sodium valproate. This is an antiepileptic drug, also prescribed for behavioral disorders. It has a number of serious side effects: the appearance of a rash, deterioration in clarity of consciousness, decreased blood clotting, obesity, and deterioration of blood circulation.
Primidon. This antiepileptic drug is used for severe attacks of epilepsy. The medicine has a powerful inhibitory effect on damaged neurons, which helps stop attacks. You can take this anticonvulsant only after consulting your doctor.

Anticonvulsants for neuralgia

It is recommended to start treatment as early as possible; for this you need to consult a specialist after the first symptoms of the disease. Therapy is based on a whole range of medications to eliminate the causes and signs of nerve damage. Anticonvulsants play a leading role in treatment. They are needed to prevent epilepsy attacks and seizures. The following anticonvulsants are used for neuralgia:

Clonazepam. It is a benzodiazepine derivative and differs in that it has anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative effects. Mechanism of action active substance Helps improve sleep and relax muscles. It is not recommended to use it without a doctor’s prescription, even according to the instructions.
Carbamazepine. According to the classification, the medicine belongs to iminostilbenes. It has a pronounced anticonvulsant, moderate antidepressant effect, and normalizes the emotional background. Helps significantly reduce pain due to neuralgia. The antiepileptic drug acts quickly, but the course will always be long, because if you stop taking the medication prematurely, the pain may return.
Phenobarbital. Belongs to the group of barbiturates, which act as a sedative and hypnotic drug in the treatment of neuralgia. This anticonvulsant is not prescribed in large doses; it should be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor, because the side effects of anticonvulsants are contraindicated in a number of other diseases.

Anticonvulsants for children

The choice in this case falls on medications that should significantly reduce the excitability of the central nervous system. Many medications of this type can be dangerous for the baby because they depress breathing. Anticonvulsants for children are divided into two groups according to the degree of danger to the child:

Drugs that have little effect on breathing: icecaine, benzodiazepines, hydroxybutyrates, fentanyl, droperidol.
More hazardous substances that have an inhibitory effect: barbiturates, chloral hydrate, magnesium sulfate.

When choosing a medicine for children, the pharmacology of the drug is very important; adults are less susceptible to side effects than a child. The list of main drugs used in the treatment of children includes the following medications:

Droperidol, Fentanyl - have an effective effect on the hippocampus, from which the signal for seizures comes, but does not contain morphine, which can cause breathing problems in infants under 1 year of age. This problem can be eliminated with nalorphine.
Benzodiazepines – Sibazone, which may be called diazepam or sedcusen, is usually used. Intravenous administration of the drug stops seizures within 5 minutes; respiratory depression can be observed with large doses of the drug. The situation can be corrected by administering physostigmine intramuscularly.
Lidocaine. The drug can almost immediately suppress any type of seizure in children if given intravenously. In therapy, as a rule, a saturating dose is first administered, then droppers are used.
Phenobarbital. Used for prevention and treatment. It is prescribed, as a rule, for mild attacks, because the result from use develops within 4-6 hours. Main advantage medication - action in children it can last up to 2 days. Good results are observed when taken simultaneously with Sibazon.
Hexenal. Strong drug, but has a depressant effect on breathing, which greatly limits its use in children.

Anticonvulsants for seizures - list of drugs, indications for use

Savin Evgeniy Valerievich - Phlebologist

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Anticonvulsants for leg cramps, after a stroke, for diabetes, Trental and other medications. List of the best drugs for seizures in lower limbs and hands. Which drug is better to choose, reviews and recommendations from doctors, a list of effective drugs.

Why are leg cramps dangerous?

According to the medical point of view, cramps represent further stimulation of muscle tissue activity after the completion of the main function, that is, movement. Almost everyone has probably encountered this unpleasant symptom, called muscle spasm.

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Mostly muscle spasms occur at night and are considered a consequence of physical fatigue, overwork, and long walking. However, subject to systematic occurrence, they may indicate the presence serious illnesses and pathologies.

This condition is often considered to be the cause of sleep disturbances and the development of insomnia. To eliminate the cause of muscle spasm, it is recommended to take anticonvulsant medications recommended by your doctor.

If cramps appear no more than once every couple of days and do not cause significant discomfort, they do not pose any danger. However, regular occurrence may indicate the presence serious problems with health.

In addition, generalized muscle spasms that occur during epileptic attacks pose some danger. This is due to the fact that against the background of the occurrence, the patient may unknowingly injure himself.

Anticonvulsants and drugs - what are they?

Such medications are used to eliminate the main causes of seizures and prevent the transformation of a typical attack into a convulsive or epileptic one.

More often, muscle contractions are a sign of a lack of certain microelements in the body. In this case, the selection of optimal vitamin complexes, the use of which will help replenish the body’s supply of essential substances.

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Stress, nervous tension, and disruption of the nervous system are cited as the causes of attacks. In such cases, you can get rid of them only by eliminating the root cause. To prevent possible negative consequences You should only take medications prescribed by your doctor.

Classification

In the field of pharmacology, they are divided into several groups, each of which has similar composition, characteristics and pharmacological properties:

What is available without prescription: list of medications

Due to the specific composition of most medications, dispensing without a medical prescription is not permissible. As an exception, we can name those that have a local effect and help relieve symptoms such as pain and heaviness in the legs.

Anticonvulsants for leg cramps

Leg spasms occur mainly due to diseases vascular system, due to postponed mechanical injuries and lack of sufficient amounts of certain microelements in the body, such as magnesium and potassium.

After identifying the cause of the seizures, your doctor may recommend taking the following medications:

Troxevasin, Venarus, Aescusan. Eliminate diseases of veins and blood vessels and reduce the symptoms of pathologies;
asparkam, Magnelis. Enriched with increased amounts of magnesium and potassium;
ortho Taurine Ergo. Used to eliminate and prevent spasms in diabetes and hypertension;
medicines based on horse chestnut extract. Stimulate metabolic processes, improve blood flow, eliminate diseases of blood vessels and veins.

Is it harmful for children?

In children, including younger age groups, convulsive conditions often occur several times more often than in adults, which is due to the relative immaturity of the central nervous system. For treatment, it is necessary to identify the nature of the occurrence.

When taken by children, drugs can be dangerous only if the side effect is an effect on the respiratory center. In this situation, there is a risk of sudden respiratory arrest.

What can be given to children: when a child has a fever up to one year

One of the reasons for the appearance of convulsive conditions in children of a younger age category is high body temperature. Under certain circumstances, this can be dangerous for the baby. It is recommended to use to reduce temperature. Example of drugs through the list:

A common question that mothers ask is how their children fare after taking anticonvulsants. There is no need to worry too much and think about all the bad things. As practice shows, children live well, there are no problems or further complications in the child’s development.

Cramps occur in the legs and arms, the child stops crying and suffering from fever in the near future. Negative influence does not refuse to contribute to the child's development. Can be given to newborns and children up to one year old.

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After a stroke

The main reason for the appearance of a convulsive state after a stroke is the negative effect of the affected areas of the brain on healthy tissue. To prevent attacks, patients are recommended to take the following medications:

Nootropics. Substances that stimulate brain activity and restore tissue.
Medicines are required that improve blood circulation processes, which is necessary for the restoration of brain tissue.
Medicines that help relieve attacks of excitability in certain areas of the brain, for example, Carbamazepine.

The price of such drugs varies and depends specifically on the chosen drug. You can buy it at any pharmacy in the city, the price range is from 100 to 1700 rubles. Many are available without a prescription. If it is not possible to find it on the shelves of a pharmacy, the product can be ordered and purchased with home delivery through Pharmacy Ru. The online pharmacy will deliver medicine to any city in Russia.

Moscow. Troxevasin gel 2% 40 g - cost 199 rubles.
Venarus tablets 50 mg+450 mg, 30 pieces - cost 513 rubles.
Aescusan drops for oral administration, 20 ml - price 229 rubles.

If the drug is needed for children, ask the pharmacy what medications are available for children under one year of age. An inexpensive and effective medicine will be selected for you.

Side effects

The occurrence of side effects is possible against the background of the use of almost all types of drugs; the signs, as a rule, depend on the specifics and pharmacological group. As main side effects are called:

dizziness, headaches;
drowsiness, insomnia;
some digestive problems, such as nausea, bouts of diarrhea, vomiting;
negative reactions from skin: rash, redness, severe itching;
multiplicity of visual images.

Indications for use

It is permissible to take only if there are medical indications, which include the following:

Epileptic convulsions.
Convulsive states during poisoning, high temperature, some diseases.
Convulsions due to stress nervous overstrain, neuroses.
Partial seizures.
Convulsive conditions that occur in children.

New generation drugs for trigeminal neuralgia

Currently, so-called new generation drugs are increasingly used to eliminate convulsive conditions and treat the main causes of the symptom. These medications have a wide spectrum of action, a minimal set of contraindications and risks of side effects.

For trigeminal neuralgia, the following are most often used:

The success of providing a therapeutic effect directly depends on the regularity and correctly designed regimen of taking the medications listed above.

For epilepsy

The main goal of treating epilepsy through the use of medications is to reduce the intensity and number of seizures. To achieve this goal, medications of various spectrums of action are used, which have a positive effect on the activity of the nervous system and brain.

For example, they are called:

Drug treatment for diabetes mellitus

Often, seizures are a consequence of diabetes various types. Regardless of the form and stage of development of the disease, the main treatment consists of repeated use of intramuscular injections of insulin.

Medication regimens and dosage are calculated in accordance with the individual characteristics of the patient and clinical picture. The combined use of a number of drugs, for example, immunomodulators, is acceptable.

But this need is determined strictly by the doctor based on the patient’s medical history and test results.

For migraine

Migraine is a fairly common disease, which is quite difficult to cure completely. The main danger of this pathology is that migraine attacks can lead to epileptic seizures.

Warn by-product underlying disease is almost impossible. However, regularly taking medications prescribed by your doctor to treat the underlying illness, that is, migraine, will help significantly reduce the risk of relapse.

Folk remedies and herbs

To eliminate cramps at home, you can use not only various means and anticonvulsants. There are medicines prepared from plant materials and, due to the specifics of the disease, used for external use. The number includes:

bay oil. Normal vegetable oil, infused with dry bay leaves, will help reduce pain and discomfort. Rub the oil into the affected areas until symptoms are completely eliminated;
lilac tincture. Lilac inflorescences infused with alcohol are a very effective and fast-acting remedy against spasms and headaches.

There are also home remedies for oral administration. It is recommended, for example, to consume a large tablespoon of linden honey every morning and wash down a portion of this bee product with chamomile decoction.

What helps at home

The most effective remedy for cramps, which can be used at home, is an ordinary massage. The procedure can be carried out both during an attack and as a preventive measure. Knead the affected limb for at least fifteen minutes, using medicated ointments, creams or oils.

Over the counter

It is more than difficult to name the most effective remedy against seizures, and this is due to the fact that patients can be prescribed various drugs depending on the specifics of the underlying disease, the development of which directly results in convulsive conditions.

However, doctors often name the following drugs as the most effective means, the mechanism of action of which allows one to achieve the desired result:

You can purchase and take medications only if you have a doctor’s prescription. Over-the-counter anti-spasm medications are for external use only.

For night cramps

To alleviate the condition and eliminate discomfort during sudden attacks of spasms that occur mainly at night, it is recommended to use the most popular modern drugs new generation for external use, such as:

To obtain the most effective results, it is recommended to use warming ointments as the basis for therapeutic compresses.

Trental

Trental, made on the basis of pentoxifylline, is used to treat pathologies and diseases, the development of which is provoked by impaired functioning of the peripheral blood flow. The medication is available in several forms: tablets and ampoules.

The drug can be used through oral administration and intravenous and intramuscular injections. The dosage and optimal treatment regimen are developed by the doctor based on the characteristics of the patient’s clinical picture.

Depakin

The drug Depakine, presented on the pharmacological market as a syrup and substance for the preparation of injections, is effective means for the treatment of convulsive conditions in epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia and alcoholic epilepsy.

Finlepsin

For systematically recurring spasms, we can take Finlepsin, which is presented in the form of tablets and has antiepileptic and analgesic properties. The drug is used for pain caused by the development of diabetes, neuralgia, epilepsy and other diseases of similar pathogenesis.

The amount of a substance intended for a single dose can vary significantly depending on the treatment regimen developed by the doctor, the age of the patient and the characteristics of the disease. It is recommended to take the tablets regardless of meal time.

Phenobarbital

One of the most effective medications, the main component of which is the substance of the same name, which has hypnotic and antiepileptic properties. Mainly used to treat epilepsy and acute attacks convulsive state.

Due to the wide range of diseases in which the medication is used in the treatment, dosage and dosage regimens may vary significantly. It is recommended to take it some time before daytime or nighttime sleep.

For muscle cramps: Detralex for legs

Detralex is one of the angioprotective and venotonic drugs. Taking pills is recommended for forms venous insufficiency, leg cramps, varicose veins and other diseases associated with blood flow disorders.

Depending on the form and degree of development of the disease, it may be recommended to take one or two tablets per day. The course of treatment ranges from several days to several months.

Phlebodia 600

Effectively stimulates blood flow, increases the elasticity of venous and vascular walls, normalizes the composition of hemolymph, making it less viscous. Used as a treatment varicose veins, repeated attacks of convulsive conditions and other diseases of a similar nature.

The course of treatment and dosage are determined by the doctor individually, but the preferred practice is to take one tablet per day.

Difenin

Difenin is a powerful analgesic medication, presented in tablet form. It is used mainly for neuralgia, epilepsy and other diseases of similar etiology. On the first day, it is recommended to take 3 - 4 milligrams of the active substance, later the dosage increases to 300 - 500 milligrams.

Valparin

A highly targeted medication used to treat seizure conditions, such as in newborns and children with febrile seizures. To eliminate disturbing symptoms, it is recommended to take the medicine one to two tablets during the day until the desired results are obtained.

Analogues are cheaper

The drugs listed above have some disadvantages, including, first of all, high cost. However, there are fewer expensive medicines. For example, the following drugs have an anticonvulsant effect:

It should be remembered that self-administration of any drug can lead to undesirable consequences. Accordingly, before thinking about which drugs have an anticonvulsant effect, what their pharmacological properties are and what side effects there are, it is recommended to first consult with your doctor.

Anticonvulsants used to reduce or completely eliminate muscle cramps, as well as epileptic attacks. This group of drugs can be used for seizures that have a different nature of origin.

If a person is often bothered by such manifestations, this is one of the first reasons to see a doctor. Such manifestations may indicate development serious illnesses both on the basis of the nervous system and in other organs.

Seizures can occur in a person at different periods of life, starting from childhood. The most common causes of their manifestation are:
Congenital malformations in the brain. In such cases, seizures begin to appear from early childhood.
Insufficient oxygen saturation of tissues.
Lack of essential microelements.
Traumatic brain injuries.
Brain tumors.
High temperature with ARVI.
Intoxication of the body as a result of poisoning.
Epilepsy.

In order to get rid of the problem, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. This is necessary in order to prescribe anticonvulsants specifically taking into account individual characteristics human body.

When a cramp occurs, a person experiences not only a spasm, but also severe pain. The actions of anticonvulsants should be aimed at eliminating symptoms, relieving signs, and relieving pain. These drugs should reduce pain and eliminate muscle spasms without suppressing the central nervous system.

Any anticonvulsant is selected individually, taking into account the complexity and degree of development of the pathology. Depending on the severity of the disease, medications can be prescribed both for lifelong use and for individual phases of the disease.

Basics of therapy for seizures

Treatment of convulsive manifestations should be comprehensive. For this purpose, drugs of various effects are used:

Non-steroidal drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are aimed at reducing body temperature and eliminating pain.
Analgesic medications.
Means for eliminating muscle spasms.
Preparations for external use, ointments and gels, which are used to treat areas of inflammation during muscle spasms.
Sedatives to normalize the functioning of the nervous system.
Anticonvulsants aimed at eliminating pain symptoms.

Some of the prescribed drugs have the effect of delaying the development of allergic reactions.

The main groups of anticonvulsants include:

Iminostilbenes – they are aimed at relieving muscle tension; after taking them, the patient’s mood improves.
Barbiturates are anticonvulsants that have sedative. When taking drugs of this group, it is necessary to take into account that they help lower blood pressure and have a hypnotic effect.
A benzodiazepine-based anticonvulsant. These types of drugs have a pronounced effect; they are most often used for epilepsy and long-term neuralgic disorders.
Succinines are anticonvulsants for relieving spasms of individual muscles during neuralgia. You should take this type of medication with caution, as side effects such as nausea and sleep disturbances are possible.

The prescription of drugs is based on the nature of the origin of the seizures.

Drugs for epilepsy

Any medications should only be prescribed by a doctor, as they have many contraindications. Popular anticonvulsants include:

Benzobamyl– the drug has a mild effect on the body and low toxicity. The product is contraindicated for people with kidney pathologies and heart disease.
Primidon- an anticonvulsant drug that is used for severe forms epilepsy. It has a powerful inhibitory effect on neurons.
Feniton– a remedy used for slight inhibition of nerve endings. It is prescribed to patients with frequent seizures.
Voltaren- an anticonvulsant for neurological disorders in the spine.

Medicines for leg cramps

Spasm calf muscles most often occurs due to vascular pathologies, previous injuries, as well as due to a lack of microelements in the body. You can relieve spasms with the help of anticonvulsant medications for the legs. Tablets and ointments can be used in combination.

The most popular anticonvulsants for leg cramps are:

Detralex– the drug can reduce venous tension. It is prescribed to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and capillaries. Regular use will reduce the occurrence of seizures. Detralex is prescribed for night cramps, heaviness in the legs, and venous insufficiency. This anti-cramp remedy not only relieves unpleasant symptom, but also eliminates the cause of the pathology. Thanks to the action of the anticonvulsant drug, the inflammatory process is relieved and blood flow improves. As side effects Allergic reactions may occur. In this regard, the drug is not prescribed to children under 18 years of age and pregnant women.

Venoflebin is a medicine for leg cramps in the form of granules. It helps get rid of painful sensations with varicose veins. Tablets are taken half an hour before meals, 8 granules 4 times a day. They need to be dissolved under the tongue. At acute condition 40 granules are diluted in water and drunk at a time. Side effects may include allergies due to an overdose of the drug.

Venarus- tablets for leg cramps, increasing the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels, restoring blood flow. Prescribed for heaviness in the legs, venous insufficiency. The drug can be used to treat varicose veins during pregnancy. The course of treatment is determined by a specialist.

Troxevasin- an anticonvulsant aimed at eliminating chronic problems with blood vessels. The main active ingredient reduces capillary fragility and strengthens blood vessels. The product is used after injuries, varicose veins, and high blood pressure.

Rutaskorbin– this name of anti-seizure pills is known to many. They have a positive effect on the entire body. The product is used for a lack of vitamins, damage to capillaries, swelling in the legs.

Often, cramps in the limbs occur due to a lack of certain components in the human body. In this case, tablets for leg cramps should contain trace elements such as potassium, magnesium and calcium.

The following medications are prescribed:

Asparkam - the drug contains potassium and magnesium. It is used both for the treatment and prevention of cramps in the limbs.
Propanorm is an anticonvulsant that has a number of side effects. It should not be taken without obtaining full medical advice. Propanorm is used for the complete treatment of cramps in the limbs.
Calcium D3 is an anticonvulsant drug prescribed to quickly replenish the body with calcium.
Magnesium B6 – helps improve nervous excitement muscles. Allergic reactions may occur as side effects.

Anticonvulsants for children

Since any anticonvulsant has a depressant effect on the nervous system, as well as on the respiratory center, drugs for children must be selected with great care.

Anticonvulsants for children must meet several criteria. They should not have a suppressive effect on the child’s psyche. Only hypoallergenic and non-addictive drugs can be given to children.

The following medications are most often prescribed to children:

Carbamazepine– the drug reduces pain in patients suffering from neuralgia. After several days of taking the drug, the feeling of anxiety decreases, aggressiveness in adolescents decreases, and mood noticeably improves. Epilepsy attacks become less frequent. The drug is prescribed for children from three years of age.

Zeptol- a medicine for leg cramps with an analgesic effect. It is prescribed for ternary neuralgia and epilepsy. It is produced in the form of tablets and is intended for children from three years of age.
Valparin- an anticonvulsant drug that does not depress breathing. The drug does not affect blood pressure and can be prescribed to children from birth. Most often used for seizures due to high fever. For children under three years of age, the drug is prescribed by injection.

Convulex– anticonvulsants for children with a mild sedative effect. It is able to cope with convulsions of various origins. The product is available in tablets, drops and capsules.
Sibazon is a tranquilizer with an anticonvulsant effect. It should be taken with caution as it can lower blood pressure. Produced in tablets and intravenous injections. Can be prescribed to relieve seizures in children from one year of age.

If a child experiences convulsions, no action should be taken on your own. Parents need to urgently call an ambulance and monitor the child until it arrives. No anticonvulsant should be given without a doctor's prescription.

If night cramps recur regularly, you should consult a doctor. It is important to correctly establish the cause of this phenomenon in order to correctly select the right drugs.

Anticonvulsant drugs are used as a means to eliminate pain symptoms and muscle spasms, prevent the transition from pain attacks to convulsive ones, etc.

Attacks of convulsive activity are associated with an increase in the degree of excitation of nerve endings in the brain, usually localized in certain areas of its structure and diagnosed when a condition characteristic of the onset occurs.

In the initial stage, the manifestation of the development of a neurological type of disease consists of local pain sensations emanating from the area of the affected nerve cells and manifested by attacks of pain of varying strength and nature of manifestation. As the disease progresses, due to the development of inflammatory processes or muscle spasms in the area of pinched nerve endings, the severity of the attacks increases.

Most of the drugs used in the treatment of seizures have combined effects and have many contraindications, based on which, unauthorized prescription and use of these drugs can pose a danger to the patient’s health.

Basics of anticonvulsant therapy

Complex treatment for convulsive manifestations includes groups of drugs with different principles of action, including:

Some of the prescribed drugs have the effect of inhibiting the development or preventing the occurrence of allergic-type reactions.

Main groups of anticonvulsants

Anticonvulsants are divided into several groups, a list of which is provided below.

Iminostilbenes

Iminostilbenes are characterized by an anticonvulsant effect; after their use, pain symptoms are eliminated and mood is improved. Drugs in this group include:

Tegretol;
Amisepine;
Zeptol.

Sodium valproate and derivatives

Valproates, used as anticonvulsants and iminostilbenes, help improve the patient's emotional background.

In addition, when using these drugs, tranquilizing, sedative and muscle relaxant effects are noted. Drugs in this group include:

Acediprol;
Sodium valproate;
Valparin;
Convulex;
Epilim;
Apilepsin;
Diplexyl.

Barbiturates

Barbiturates are characterized by a sedative effect, help lower blood pressure and have hypnotic effect. Among these medications, the most commonly used are:

Benzobamyl;
Benzamil;
Benzoylbarbamyl;
Benzoal.

Benzodiazepine-based drugs

Benzodiazepine-based anticonvulsant drugs have a pronounced effect and are used in cases of convulsive conditions in epilepsy and prolonged attacks of neuralgic disorders.

These drugs are characterized by sedative and muscle relaxant effects; with their use, normalization of sleep is noted.

Among these drugs:

Antilepsin;
Klonopin;
Ictoril;
Ravatril;
Ravotril;
Rivotril;
Ictorivil.

Succiminids

Anticonvulsants of this group are used to eliminate muscle spasms of individual organs during neuralgia. When using drugs in this group, sleep disturbances or nausea may occur.

Among the most used means are known:

Puphemid;
Suxilep;
Sucimal;
Ronton;
Etimal;
Ethosuximide;
Pycnolepsin.

Anticonvulsants used for leg cramps:

Valparin;
Xanax;
Difenin;
Antinerval;

A blow to the nine convulsive “gates”

The main anticonvulsants that are most often used for epilepsy, seizures and neuralgia of various origins:

Practical consumer experience

What is the situation with anticonvulsant therapy in practice? This can be judged by the reviews of patients and doctors.

I take Carbamazepine as a replacement for Finlepsin, since the foreign analogue is more expensive, and the domestically produced drug is excellent for therapy for my illness.

Since I tried both drugs, I can say that both are highly effective, however, the significant difference in cost is a significant disadvantage of a foreign product.

Ivan

After several years of taking Finlepsin, on the advice of a doctor, I changed it to Retard, since the specialist believes that this drug is more suitable for me. I had no complaints while taking Finlepsin, but Retard, in addition to a similar effect, has a sedative effect.

In addition, the drug is characterized by greater ease of use, since in comparison with analogues it must be taken not three times a day, but once.

Victor

The drug Voltaren helps with pain syndromes of moderate severity. It is a good idea to use it as an addition to the main treatment.

Lyuba

Time to collect stones

A distinctive feature of anticonvulsants is the impossibility of quickly stopping their use. If the effect of the drug is noticeable, the period for discontinuing its use is up to six months, during which there is a gradual decrease in the dose of the drug.

According to the widespread opinion of doctors, the most effective drug for the treatment of seizure activity is Carbamazepine.

Less effective are drugs such as Lorazepam, Phenytoin, Seduxen, Clonazepam, Dormicum and valporic acid, arranged in order of decreasing their therapeutic effect.

It remains to add that you cannot buy anticonvulsants without a prescription, which is good, since taking them irresponsibly is very dangerous.

Convulsions of various origins It occurs six times more often in children than in adults. They can be the result of dehydration, imbalance of fluids and minerals, critical deficiency of potassium and magnesium, hypothermia, poisoning, intoxication, epilepsy, pinched nerve in the canal, and so on. Seizures require immediate intervention, especially if they occur in children in the first two years of life, because if the spasms are not eliminated in time, this is fraught with serious damage to the baby’s central nervous system and cerebral edema. Anticonvulsants come to the rescue.

Anticonvulsants for children are prescribed in combination with other medications (anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antivirals, sedatives) after identifying the cause of seizures.

To do this, the doctor will carefully study the full picture of the disease, take into account what time of day the child most often experiences seizures, how often they occur, and what provokes them. Treatment usually takes place in a hospital setting under the constant supervision of doctors.

Therapy with anticonvulsants will also require a lot of additional studies - ECG, MRI, etc.

How do they work?

Anticonvulsants act on the central nervous system, suppressing it, thereby stopping convulsive spasms. However, some representatives of anticonvulsants have additional effect- they depress the respiratory center, and this can be very dangerous for children, especially small ones. Such respiratory depressants against seizures include barbiturates and magnesium sulfate.

Medicines that have a slight effect on the child’s breathing are benzodiazepines, droperidol with fentanyl, and lidocaine.

With the help of relatively gentle benzodiazepines (Sibazon, Seduxen), you can cope with seizures of any origin. They prevent the propagation of nerve impulses in the brain and spinal cord.

Droperidol with fentanyl is quite often used to treat children.

Lidocaine, when administered rapidly intravenously, stops any seizures by acting at the cellular level - ions begin to penetrate the cell membrane more easily.

Among the barbiturates, the most famous are Phenobarbital and Hexenal.“Phenobarbital” acts for a long time, but the effect of taking it is not achieved immediately, and when stopping seizures, time sometimes plays a decisive role. Moreover, with age, the effect of the drug is achieved faster. In children under one year old, it occurs only 5 hours after administration, and in children over two years old, Phenobarbital is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract twice as fast.

They try not to prescribe Hexenal to children, since it has a very strong effect on the respiratory system, suppressing it like anesthesia.

Magnesium sulfate is also used infrequently in pediatrics, mainly to eliminate seizures associated with cerebral edema and magnesium imbalance.

Most important factor When treating seizures in children, it is necessary to determine the optimal dose of the drug. It is calculated strictly individually; specialists try to start treatment with small doses, gradually increasing them as needed.

The most difficult question to answer is how long the course of treatment with anticonvulsants lasts. There is no single standard, since the child needs to take them either until complete recovery, or for the rest of his life if the seizures are associated with severe hereditary pathologies.

Classification

According to the method of action and active substance, all anticonvulsants are divided into several groups:

Iminostilbenes. Anticonvulsant medications with excellent analgesic and antidepressant effects. Improves mood, eliminates muscle spasms.
Valproate. Anticonvulsants, which have the ability to relax muscles while providing a sedative effect. They also improve mood and normalize psychological condition patient.
Barbiturates. They perfectly stop seizures, lower blood pressure and have a fairly pronounced hypnotic effect.
Succiminids. These are anticonvulsant medications, which are indispensable in cases where it is necessary to eliminate spasms in individual organs, with neuralgia.
Benzodiazepines. With the help of these medications, prolonged convulsive seizures are suppressed; the drugs are prescribed for epilepsy.

Pediatric anti-seizure medications must meet several important criteria. They should not have a suppressive effect on the psyche, should not cause addiction or dependence, and the medications must be hypoallergenic.

Parents have neither moral nor legal law Children should choose such serious drugs on their own. All anticonvulsants in Russian pharmacies are sold only upon presentation of a prescription, which is prescribed by a doctor after establishing the causes of convulsive conditions.

List of anticonvulsant medications for children

"Carbamazepine". This antiepileptic drug from the category of iminosbenes has many advantages. It reduces pain in those who suffer from neuralgia. Reduces the frequency of attacks in epilepsy; after several days of taking the drug, there is a decrease in anxiety, a decrease in aggressiveness in adolescents and children. The medicine is absorbed quite slowly, but it acts completely and for a long time. The product is available in tablets. Carbamazepine is prescribed to children from 3 years of age.

"Zeptol". An antiepileptic drug such as iminostilbenes improves mood by suppressing the production of norepinephrine and dopamine and relieves pain. The drug is prescribed for epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia. The drug is available in tablet form. Children can be given the medicine from the age of three.

"Valparine". Anticonvulsant medicine of the vaoproate group. The drug does not depress breathing, does not affect blood pressure, and has a moderate sedative effect. "Valparin" is prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy, for seizures associated with organic brain lesions, for febrile seizures (convulsions at high temperatures in children from birth to 6 years).

"Apilepsin". This anticonvulsant drug is prescribed not only for the treatment of epilepsy, but also for childhood tics, as well as for febrile seizures in children. The medicine is available in the form of drops for oral administration, tablets, dry substance for intravenous injections and droppers, as well as in the form of syrup. Children under 3 years of age can take the medication in syrup. Starting from 3 years, other forms of the drug are allowed.

"Convulex". The anticonvulsant drug of the vaoproate group has a mild sedative effect and the ability to relax muscles. The drug allows you to cope with a wide range of seizures of various origins, from epileptic to febrile. In addition, Konvulex is prescribed to children who have bipolar disorders. Release forms are different - from dry substances for subsequent preparation of injections to capsules and tablets. The so-called “children's” forms of the medicine are oral drops and syrup. Capsules and tablets are contraindicated in children under 3 years of age. They can only be given liquid forms of Convulex.

"Phenobarbital". This anticonvulsant belongs to the category of barbiturates. It depresses some areas of the cerebral cortex, including the respiratory center. Has a hypnotic effect. The drug will be prescribed to a child for the treatment of epilepsy, severe violations sleep, with spastic paralysis, with a number of seizures not associated with manifestations of epilepsy. Available in tablets. Can be prescribed to children from birth.

"Clonazepam". The brightest representative of the group of benzodiazepines. Approved for use in children of any age with epilepsy, nodule spasms, and atonic seizures. Available in tablets and solution for intravenous administration.

"Sibazon"- a tranquilizer with an anticonvulsant effect. May lower blood pressure. Used for muscle cramps of various origins. Available in tablets and solution for intravenous injection. It is used to relieve epileptic seizures and febrile convulsions in children from one year of age.

In addition, Antilepsin, Iktoril, Rivotril, Pufemid, Ronton, Etimal and Sereysky’s Mixture are effective against childhood seizures.

What not to do?

If your child has seizures, do not try to figure out the cause on your own. Call an ambulance, and while you are waiting for the doctors, carefully observe the baby - what type of convulsions he is experiencing, how severe the pain syndrome is, pay attention to the duration of the convulsive spasms. All this information will be useful later for specialists to establish the correct diagnosis.

You should not give your child any anticonvulsants on your own. Also, do not give your baby water or food, because their particles can get into the respiratory tract and cause suffocation.

Do not try to get the child's tongue. This is a common misconception. The baby won’t swallow his tongue, but he can suffocate if fragments of teeth injured when trying to open his jaw get into his respiratory tract.

Do not keep a child in a state of convulsions in one fixed position. This can cause serious joint injuries, sprains, and muscle tears.

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky talks in detail about seizures:

Advice for parents from a doctor at the Russian Union of Pediatricians: