Ceftriaxone ® is a bactericidal antibiotic belonging to the 3rd generation class. The drug is characterized by a prolonged action and high efficiency against most gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including strains that secrete penicillinases and cephalosporinases.
The price depends on the manufacturer. Russian Ceftriaxone ®, regardless of the manufacturer, is an inexpensive antibiotic. For example, an ampoule (1 g) produced by the pharmaceutical company Sintez AKOMP ® will cost the buyer 27 rubles, Biokhimik ® Saransk - 29 rubles, and Lekko ® - 36 rubles.
Swiss Ceftriaxone ® produced by the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann la Roche ® costs about 550 rubles per ampoule.
It has powerful bactericidal activity and an ultra-wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects. The mechanism of the antibacterial action of Ceftriaxone ® is realized through the active acetylation of membrane-bound transpeptidases, leading to destabilization of the cross-linking of supporting polymers in the bacterial cell. Violation of the membrane strength leads to rapid cell death.
It should be noted that the drug is able to cross the placental barrier, therefore Ceftriaxone ® is not recommended to be administered during pregnancy in the 1st trimester. During lactation, up to four percent of the antibiotic concentration in the blood can be released along with breast milk.
The required bactericidal levels in the blood are achieved 1.5 hours after administration. Since the drug has a prolonged effect, the minimum antimicrobial concentration in the body is maintained in the blood throughout the day, which allows it to be administered once a day. However, if the infection is severe or the risk of complications is high, daily dose It is preferable to divide it into 2 injections. This allows higher bactericidal concentrations to be maintained. Also, the daily dose should be divided into 2 times when prescribing high doses.
In patients over seventy-five years of age, the elimination period is prolonged due to age-related decline. renal function. In this regard, adjustment of the prescribed dose may be required. It is preferable to administer the daily dose to such patients at one time.
This medication is eliminated from the body primarily through urine. Part of the drug is disposed of along with bile.
Pharmacological group
The drug belongs to the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics.
Ceftriaxone ® - release form
Has only injection form release. The antibiotic is sold in pharmacies with a doctor's prescription.
The pharmacological group of ceftriaxone is third generation parenteral, that is, it can only be used intramuscularly or intravenously. Sold in ampoules of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg. Rocephin is available in an additional dosage of 250 mg.
Photo of Ceftriaxone ® Kabi 1000 mg powder for solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
Ceftriaxone ® prescription in Latin
Ceftriaxone ® in Latin is Ceftriaxoni.
Rp.: Ceftriaxoni 1.0
S. In the supplied solvent IM, once a day.
Ceftriaxone ® - composition of the drug
The antibiotic is produced in the form sodium salt. The active substance, ceftriaxone, easily penetrates into body fluids and environments and accumulates significantly in inflamed tissues. For inflammation meninges, the antibiotic can accumulate in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Rofecin ® – in the form of a disodium derivative (disodium hydrate). Each ampoule of Rofecin ® is completed with a solvent (lidocaine or injection water).
What does Ceftriaxone ® help with?
The antibiotic has an ultra-wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects, covering staphylococci, pneumococci, citrobacter, most strains of enterobacter, escherichia coli, ducray's bacillus, hemophilus influenzae, klebsiella, moraxella, gonococci, meningococci, proteus, salmonella, serratsia, shigella, yersinia, some clostridia and f. Uzobacteria , peptococci, peptostreptococci, white treponema.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci, some enterococci, listeria, bacteroides and clostridium deficille are absolutely resistant to Ceftriaxone ®.
Ceftriaxone ® - indications for use
An antibiotic can be used for:
- bacterial infection of the OBP (organs abdominal cavity). Can be prescribed for the treatment of abscess, phlegmon, empyema of the gallbladder, bacterial inflammation of the bile ducts, peritonitis, etc.;
- infections of ENT organs and respiratory organs. systems (including complicated ones, abscesses lung tissue, pleural empyema);
- carriage of salmonella and;
- typhoid fever;
- osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, ;
- bacterial infection skin and PGI, including burns complicated by bacterial flora, etc.;
- Lyme disease;
- infectious pathologies genitourinary system(including gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis);
- endocarditis;
- generalization of infection (development of sepsis);
- infections, in patients with;
- preventive therapy before surgical intervention on the OBP and pelvic organs.
Ceftriaxone ® - contraindications
An absolute contraindication is an allergy to the drug or other beta-lactam antibiotics. This is because among all beta-lactams there is a risk of cross-allergic reactions.
Also, it is not prescribed in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and for women who are breastfeeding.
Considering the mechanism of disposal (urine and bile), the solution can be prescribed for kidney or liver dysfunction, but is not used for combined renal and hepatic failure.
The drug is contraindicated in premature infants less than 41 weeks of age, taking into account gestational age and age after birth. It is also contraindicated in newborns with hyperbillirubinemia.
During antibiotic treatment, intravenous administration of calcium solutions is prohibited, as there is a risk of formation of Ceftriaxone ® Ca salt precipitate.
The drug can be prescribed to children from the first days of life, however, up to two weeks of life it can only be used according to vital signs. This is due to its ability to displace bilirubin from its association with serum albumin. This can lead to the development of hyperbilirubinemia and cause kernicterus.
Given partial disposal with bile, the drug is not prescribed to patients with biliary obstruction.
An antibiotic containing lidocaine is not administered to children under 12 years of age.
Also, it must be taken into account that lidocaine is contraindicated in women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, patients with atrioventricular block, HF (heart failure), SVC or Stokes-Adams syndrome, sinus node weakness, complete transverse block, severe bradyarrhythmia or severe decrease in blood pressure.
Ceftriaxone ® - dosage
Administered intravenously in 10 ml saline. solution 0.9%. The drug must be administered slowly, over two to four minutes.
It is administered intramuscularly with lidocaine, saline. solution, water for injection. It is not recommended to administer more than a gram intramuscularly. Higher dosages are prescribed intravenously.
After 12 years, 1 g medium is administered 1-2 times a day. In severe cases of the disease, a maximum of four grams per day can be administered (in two doses, with an interval of 12 hours).
Babies under 2 weeks of age are prescribed 20-50 mg/kg per day for 1 administration.
Bacterial meningitis is an indication for prescribing one hundred mg/kg of the drug per day during initial therapy. Subsequently, the dose is reduced.
From 14 days to 12 years 20-80 mg/kg per day. If the child weighs more than 50 kg, adult doses must be prescribed.
For patients with kidney pathologies, the dose is reduced in accordance with the GFR. Impaired liver function is also an indication for reducing the daily dose.
How many times a day should an adult inject Ceftriaxone ®?
The drug is administered 1-2 times a day. In case of severe infection, the risk of complications, the prescription of high doses of the drug, as well as the presence of immunodeficiency in the patient, it is preferable to divide the daily dose into two administrations.
Ceftriaxone ® - side effects
The antibiotic is usually well tolerated by patients. However, the risk of developing allergic reactions should be taken into account. They may have varying degrees severity from redness and rash at the injection site, urticaria, to Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
The risk of anaphylaxis increases when administered with lidocaine ® . Therefore, when appointing a Wednesday in mandatory a sample is taken. Also, contraindications and restrictions to the use of lidocaine are taken into account.
It is forbidden to self-prescribe the drug, adjust the dosage and duration of treatment. Therapy should be carried out in inpatient conditions, under the supervision of the attending physician.
Other unwanted effects may manifest as dyspeptic reactions, diarrhea, phlebitis at the injection site, dysbacteriosis, thrush, changes in the blood flow and biochemical analysis. Coagulation disorders are rare (the antibiotic inhibits the intestinal microflora that synthesizes vitamin K) and, as a rule, is typical for patients receiving antiplatelet therapy.
In rare cases, antibiotic-associated diarrhea may develop.
Ceftriaxone ® during pregnancy and breastfeeding
The antibiotic is able to cross the placental barrier, but does not have embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. Ceftriaxone ® during pregnancy is not recommended for administration in the first trimester, since there is insufficient data on its safety in this category of patients. Controlled animal studies have not shown toxic effects on the fetus, so antibiotics can be used in the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
Ceftriaxone ® during lactation can be excreted in breast milk, therefore, when prescribing it to breastfeeding women, it is recommended to temporarily stop breastfeeding. This is due to the fact that the antibiotic released in breast milk can cause sensitization of the baby and the development of thrush. oral cavity and intestinal dysbiosis.
Ceftriaxone ® and alcohol - compatibility
Ceftriaxone ® and alcohol are strictly incompatible. Firstly, given that the solution is partially utilized by the liver, such a combination can lead to the development of jaundice and drug-induced hepatitis.
Secondly, drinking alcohol during antibiotic therapy can cause severe intoxication and toxic damage kidney
Thirdly, this can lead to the development of a severe disulfiram-like reaction. It can manifest itself as tachycardia, chills, tremors of the extremities, convulsions, disturbance heart rate, arterial hypotension, up to collapse.
Allergy to Ceftriaxone ®
It is not prescribed to patients with allergies to other beta-lactams, due to high risk development of a cross-allergic reaction.
Also, before administration it is always necessary to perform a test.
Allergic manifestations can vary from urticaria to anaphylaxis (in the absence of timely medical care, possible death).
Deaths have been associated with its dilution and administration with lidocaine. Given the risk of anaphylactic shock, it is strictly prohibited self-treatment antibiotic. The drug should be used exclusively in a hospital setting, after testing.
The drug diluted with lidocaine ® is administered only intramuscularly; intravenous administration is strictly contraindicated.
When prescribed intramuscularly, 250 or 500 mg of the solution is diluted in two ml of 1% lidocaine ®. One gram of antibiotic is diluted with 3.5 milliliters of one percent lidocaine ®.
If two percent lidocaine ® is used, additional injection water. When administering 250 and 500 ml of antibiotic, it is diluted with 1 ml of lidocaine ® (2%) and 1 ml of water for injection. One gram of antibiotic is diluted with 1.8 ml lidocaine ® + 1.8 ml injection water.
Can ceftriaxone ® be diluted with novocaine?
Recent studies have shown that the drug should not be diluted with novocaine for administration. Its use carries a risk of anaphylaxis. It also reduces the activity of cephalosporin and relieves pain worse than lidocaine ®.
Ceftriaxone ® injections – reviews from doctors
The medicine has repeatedly proven its effectiveness in the treatment of infections of the ENT and respiratory organs. system, infections of the acute respiratory disease, skin, etc.
However, it must be remembered that the product should be used only as directed and under the supervision of a physician. This will reduce the risk of developing unwanted effects.
Patients note a rapid and lasting improvement. Negative reviews on the drug are most often associated with its pain during intramuscular injection.
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action. He suppresses education cell membranes bacterial cells. Ceftriaxone penetrates the blood-brain barrier, the placenta and partially enters milk.
Treatment of infectious diseases with ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is prescribed for (it must be remembered that for diseases caused by viruses, antibiotics are useless) respiratory tract(bronchopneumonia), ENT organs (, sinusitis), urinary system (pyelonephritis, paranephritis), genital organs (adnexitis, gonorrhea), skin (erysipelas), abdominal organs (peritonitis), sepsis, etc.How to dilute ceftriaxone for injection
Ceftriaxone intramuscularly - how to dilute
Ceftriaxone is diluted for intramuscular administration with a 1% lidocaine solution in a volume of 2-3 ml. or 2% lidocaine solution and water for injection in a 1:1 ratio. The drug powder dissolves quickly without forming sediment or cloudiness. If flakes, crumbs or cloudiness occur, do not use the solution. The adult dosage is on average 1-2 g per day. The drug is administered once (some experts do not recommend injecting more than 1 g of the drug into one gluteal muscle). Children over 12 years old receive adult dosage, and for younger children the dose should be calculated based on weight: 20-80 mg per 1 kg of child weight. The dosage is determined by the doctor when examining the child and assessing the severity of the underlying disease and the risk of complications.Ceftriaxone intravenously - how to dilute
Lidocaine is not used for intravenous administration, as it affects the functioning of the heart. 0.9% saline sodium chloride or water for injection is suitable. The drug should be administered extremely slowly, the best option- This is a drip injection.Important to remember:
- The solution should be prepared immediately before administration.- The remaining solution is not used the next day, as it loses sterility.
- The drug should be injected deep into the muscle, therefore for adults 2-3 ml syringes. won't fit. Only 5 ml syringes are acceptable.
- Lidocaine is not used to dilute the drug for intravenous administration.
- Intravenous administration should be carried out extremely slowly, the best option is a drip infusion.
- Do not use other antibiotics and calcium-containing drugs together with ceftriaxone (especially do not dilute the powder with solutions containing calcium).
- As with other antibiotics, you should pay attention to the intestinal microflora: taking Linex, Lactobacterin or systematically eating biokefir is suitable.
- Seals at the injection site may form due to the administration of cold solutions. Local heat (for example, a heating pad) will increase blood flow to the muscle and enhance absorption of the drug.
- The appearance of intense pain at the injection site, sharp increase temperature, the appearance of softening in the center of the compaction is a signal to consult a doctor.
Many doctors include Ceftriaxone among the most popular antibacterial agents. This effective medication, which has a wide range of action, is often used for intramuscular administration. However, injections cause severe pain, therefore, according to WHO recommendations, anesthetics are used when diluting the drug.
Action of Ceftriaxone
Doctors often prefer this third-generation drug from the cephalosporin group when a powerful and rapid bactericidal effect is required to eliminate the infection. Ceftriaxone works by blocking the production of murein, a substance that ensures the strength of bacterial cell walls. In its absence, the microbial shells are destroyed and the pathogens die.
The advantage of the antibiotic is its high degree of bioavailability. 2-2.5 hours after intramuscular injection it reaches almost 100%, quickly penetrating into the blood, lymph, synovial and cerebrospinal fluid, muscle and bone tissue.
What does Lidocaine help with?
The drug produces a local analgesic effect. The anesthetic is used in dentistry, ophthalmology, surgery, instrumental diagnostics. When prescribing cephalosporin injections, the medication is used as a solvent. Lidocaine is preferable to Novocaine because it acts faster and lasts longer.
Indications for the simultaneous use of Ceftriaxone and Lidocaine
The antibiotic can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously. In both cases, the injections are accompanied by intense pain. However, the use of an anesthetic for pain relief is allowed only with intramuscular injections. You cannot combine Ceftriaxone and Lidocaine when administered intravenously, since the anesthetic drug simultaneously causes antiarrhythmic effect and can dramatically disrupt the functioning of the heart.
Indications for intramuscular administration of antibiotics:
- infectious diseases of the stomach, intestines, gall bladder;
- severe damage to the respiratory system;
- infections of the genitourinary organs;
- skin diseases, pathologies of bone tissue of a bacterial nature;
- purulent wounds, ulcers, burns;
- sepsis, peritonitis, meningitis.
In addition, the antibiotic is effective in treating various bacterial diseases in patients with a weak immune system. The medication is also prescribed to operated patients to avoid complications. infectious nature.
How to dilute Ceftriaxone
To prepare the solution, the antibacterial drug is diluted depending on the method of parenteral administration. For this purpose they use various liquids: saline solution, glucose solution, Lidocaine, distilled water.
Why dilute an antibiotic?
Russian and foreign pharmaceutical companies produce Ceftriaxone in powder form. For intravenous injections, it is diluted in a solution of sodium chloride or glucose. For intramuscular injections - in an anesthetic solution to minimize severe pain.
1% lidocaine solution
To prepare a standard solution for intramuscular administration, take 1 bottle of antibiotic containing 0.5 g of powder and 1 ampoule with a capacity of 2 ml of 1% anesthetic. If you need to get twice the volume of a solution of the same concentration, 1 g of bactericide is diluted using 2 ampoules (4 or slightly less - 3.5 ml) of anesthetic.
2 percent solution
When a 2% lidocaine solution is used, it is diluted with distilled water (1:1) and only then the powder is diluted. The liquid must be shaken vigorously several times so that the antibiotic dissolves completely, without sediment. Use injection solution It is recommended immediately, but it can be done within 6 hours.
How to prick
The syringe needle should be inserted to the maximum depth into the gluteal muscle, located in the upper outer quadrant on the right or left.
The solution must be injected slowly. The dosage and duration of the course of therapy are determined by the attending physician.
If the drug is prescribed to a child, his age and weight are taken into account. For children over 12 years of age weighing more than 50 kg, the concentration of the solution is calculated in the same way as for adults.
Contraindications
Ceftriaxone should not be prescribed if you are hypersensitive to the antibiotic. The drug should be used with caution if the following pathologies exist:
- ulcerative colitis or enteritis;
- renal, liver failure;
- jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) of newborns.
Lidocaine contraindications:
- allergic reactions;
- hypotension;
- severe damage to the liver and kidneys;
- myasthenia gravis;
- hematopoietic disorders.
The use of an antibiotic in combination with an anesthetic is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Nursing mothers must use artificial formula during treatment.
Side effects
The following possible consequences of injections of Ceftriaxone diluted with Lidocaine:
- itching, urticaria, anaphylactic shock;
- nausea, dizziness, diarrhea;
- decrease in blood pressure;
- tachycardia;
- drowsiness;
- oliguria (decreased urine production);
- nosebleeds;
- stomatitis;
- enterocolitis.
Antibiotics, when administered inappropriately, will harm the body more harm than benefit, although there are many drugs that even a non-specialist can understand the use of. Ceftriaxone, unfortunately, is not a simple medication and can only be prescribed by a doctor’s decision. It is important to know in what proportions and with what to dilute Ceftriaxone.
Ceftriaxone - indications for use
Doctors recommend injections with Ceftriaxone in order to suppress the growth of most stamps harmful microorganisms. This drug is effective in the fight against staphylococci, streptococci, coli and salmonella. However, before starting treatment, the doctor is obliged to conduct a sensitivity test, otherwise the effect of taking Ceftriaxone may be unjustified.
In the official summary, the indications for the use of Ceftriaxone are as follows:
- respiratory infections: sore throat, lung abscess, pneumonia or severe bronchitis;
- for cystitis and prostatitis;
- rare and life-threatening diseases: tick-borne borreliosis, endocarditis, chancroid, typhoid fever;
- for sinusitis and otitis media;
- skin damage of an infectious nature;
- for peritonitis, inflammation of the intrahepatic and renal ducts, empyema of the gallbladder;
- diseases of joints, bones, soft tissues;
- for sexually transmitted infections.
Thanks to the prescribed injections, the human body fights infections more effectively and the patient recovers faster. But many injections are painful. To alleviate the discomfort from their use, it is necessary to dilute them correctly. One of the popular injection drugs is Ceftriaxone. Let's consider the subtleties and features of diluting this antibiotic to achieve the best result.
When is it used?
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin injection antibiotic. It has a wide spectrum of action, including inhibiting the formation of cell-type membranes in bacterial cells. It is usually prescribed for infectious diseases:
- respiratory tract (this includes, for example, bronchopneumonia);
- skin (an example of a disease is erysipelas);
- genital organs (gonorrhea, adnexitis);
- urinary system (paranephritis or pyelonephritis);
- abdominal organs (peritonitis) and a number of other problems.
It is important to remember that antibiotics help with infectious diseases, but in principle cannot fight diseases caused by viruses. This is a common misconception.
Why are you getting divorced?
Most antibiotics for injection, administered intravenously or intramuscularly, including Ceftriaxone, are sold not in the form of bottles containing a ready-made liquid that can be immediately injected, but in the form of a special lyophilized powder. This powder is used to prepare a solution with which the injection is carried out. Ceftriaxone is sold only in powder form; there is no commercial version available as a liquid injection.
But when using an antibiotic of this type, it is important to understand exactly how the patient will react to this or that solution, what exactly should be used for dilution, for example, water or lidocaine, and whether the person has allergic reactions that could interfere. It is also important to ask your doctor where exactly the injection should be given, because solutions local anesthetics, as a rule, are not used if the prepared solution needs to be administered intravenously.
Selection and use of solution
For any antibiotics, including Ceftriaxone, the same liquids intended for dilution are used. This can be water for injection, saline solution of sodium chloride, as well as lidocaine or novocaine, which are used in the form of solutions.
It is important to remember that the effectiveness of the antibiotic does not depend on which liquid is chosen for its dilution. If you dilute the powder with water or choose lidocaine, there will be no fundamental difference. But there will be a fundamental difference in sensations. Correct breeding will help reduce the negative painful effect, simplifying the use of the drug, making it more comfortable for the patient. Below will be given general tips, but you still need to check with your doctor how to dilute the drug in your case. Especially if the injection is given to a child - then even if he tolerates, for example, lidocaine, it must be diluted in equal proportions with saline solution of sodium chloride / water for injection.
It is also important to remember that the prepared solution can only be used once. Even if Ceftriaxone is prepared with a reserve, even if there is quite a lot of it left, you still need to throw away the rest, it can no longer be used. It is not worth breeding for future use; even if you put it in a refrigerated place, it will still not be suitable.
How to get divorced?
Ceftriaxone must be diluted depending on how it will be used in the future - intramuscularly or intravenously. This fundamentally changes the dilution procedure for injections. Here's a little instruction:
Intramuscular use
To use Ceftriaxone intramuscularly, you need to take lidocaine in the form of a 1% solution and in a volume of 2-3 ml, or lidocaine in the form of a 2% solution and water for injection, which must be mixed together in a ratio of 1 to 1. In this case, the powder is easy to dilute , it will quickly dissolve, there will be no sediment left, and no clouding will occur. If they do occur, it means that something is wrong with the solution; it is strongly not recommended to use Ceftriaxone after this.
The dosage that is used for adults is up to 2 g of the drug per day. It is usually not recommended to inject more than a gram of the drug into one gluteal muscle. If a person is under 12 years old, then it is necessary to use 20-80 mg of the drug per 1 kg of the child’s weight. How much to use is determined by the doctor; it depends on how severely the underlying disease develops.
Intravenous use
Otherwise it happens intravenous use, let's consider it too. Lidocaine is no longer used in this case, because lidocaine affects the functioning of the heart. It is necessary to prefer 0.9% saline solution of sodium chloride or water intended for injection, diluted with them. It is best to administer the drug very slowly, for example, using a dropper.
What to remember?
Ceftriaxone and lidocaine (especially lidocaine) may cause allergies in some people, so a sensitivity test must be performed first. With him on inside minor scratches are made on the forearms and a small amount of each drug is applied to them. If after ten minutes there is no redness, then these injections can be used in the future without any special restrictions. It is not recommended to use novocaine for dilution; it can increase the chance of anaphylactic shock.
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Intramuscular administration of ceftriaxone to adults, how to properly inject and dilute the drug in ampoules
Literally 100 years ago, any disease caused by pathogenic bacteria led to severe complications and subsequent fatal outcome. With the discovery of antibiotics and their destructive effects on microorganisms, the situation changed radically.
Today, thanks to the well-developed pharmacological industry, there is a wide selection of antibiotics with different spectrums of action. The use of these drugs helps the body get rid of almost any infectious disease as quickly as possible. short term.
However, in this whole favorable picture there is a small flaw, namely many intramuscular injections loading doses Antibacterial drugs cause quite painful sensations in the patient. Thanks to numerous experiences and experiments, the optimal way out of the current situation was found. To reduce discomfort from using antibiotics, it is very important to dilute these medications correctly.
A widely used drug that has proven effective in the fight against various infectious diseases is ceftriaxone. This modern antibiotic has a pronounced bactericidal effect due to its ability to introduce an imbalance in the production of microbes’ own protein.
Application
Ceftriaxone is medicinal substance in the form of a crystalline powder with a yellowish tint, but in most cases white. Doctors use its bactericidal properties to treat infectious diseases.
Its purpose is effective in the following pathological conditions body:
- infectious inflammation respiratory tract;
- inflammation of the skin;
- various diseases genitourinary tract;
- venereal diseases;
- peritonitis.
It is worth noting that despite their great popularity and effectiveness in the fight against various ailments, antibiotics should only be used to treat diseases caused by harmful bacteria. Their purpose for therapy viral diseases does not lead to desired result, since they are absolutely helpless against viruses. Although this position is now increasingly disputed by many scientists.
Why are antibiotics diluted?
Today, you can buy almost any antibiotic in numerous pharmacies in the city. The vast majority of these drugs enter the body through intramuscular or intravenous administration. However, ceftriaxone is produced and sold, unfortunately, not in a dissolved state (liquid), which would be very convenient since it is possible to immediately inject the patient, but in the form of a fine-crystalline powdery mass.
It is extremely important for potential consumers to remember that ceftriaxone can only be purchased in powder form in a vial. Ampoules with already diluted therapeutic agent this moment does not exist.
When prescribing this or that antibiotic to a patient, the doctor must have a clear idea of what kind of reaction the body may have to the use of this or that solution, as well as what is the best means to use to dilute the antibiotic. Most often, antibiotics of this type are diluted with distilled water or lidocaine. Before prescribing antibacterial agents, it is very important to find out whether the patient has contraindications to the use of these drugs in order to avoid possible allergic complications in the form of anaphylactic shock, which in some cases can lead to death.
In cases where a specialist prescribes antibiotics by intravenous administration, anesthetics are not used to dilute the drug. Their use is justified only when administered intramuscularly, in order to reduce pain during injection.
What is the best way to dissolve antibiotics?
Ceftriaxone, like many other antibacterial medications, requires preliminary dilution before administration into the body.
The following can be used as a solvent:
- distilled water;
- sodium chloride solution;
- anesthetics (lidocaine or novocaine).
It should be noted that the degree of therapeutic effect of the drug does not depend at all on the type of solution chosen for dilution. There is no significant difference between using novocaine or saline as a solvent.
However, this provision is only valid in relation to medicinal characteristics drug, as for sensations, the choice in favor of one solution or another is very important. An adequately selected solvent, as well as compliance with dilution rules, can significantly reduce painful sensations by making use medicine less unpleasant.
The following recommendations will help simplify and facilitate the use of antibiotics; however, you do not need to independently choose methods for diluting the drug. It would be much better to first consult with your doctor which solvent should be preferred based on individual characteristics body. In addition, there are many technical and physiological nuances that must be taken into account. For example, when administering an antibiotic to a child, the selected anesthetic (if there are no contraindications to its use) is recommended to be dissolved in combination with distilled water or sodium chloride solution in a 1:1 proportional ratio.
We must not forget that an antibiotic in a liquid state can only be used once. In cases where there is too much ceftriaxone during dissolution, it is recommended to throw away the excess after the injection; reusing it, even after a short period of time, is considered unacceptable. There is no need to dilute the medicine with a reserve, but use the refrigerator for subsequent storage medical product, V in this case unacceptable and strictly prohibited.
How to dilute ceftriaxone?
Many people wonder how to properly dilute ceftriaxone? Before injecting an antibiotic, it can be diluted with lidocaine or novocaine.
The use of water as a solvent is considered acceptable. Characteristic and dangerous contraindications does not exist in relation to it, however, it is important to remember that the administration of ceftriaxone by the intramuscular route is mainly accompanied by unpleasant painful sensations, and using water for dilution will lead to pain occurring both during the injection and some time after the injection medicinal product. In order to significantly reduce pain for the patient, doctors recommend the use of local anesthetics. Regarding distilled water, its use is justified as an additional solution when diluted with 2% lidocaine.
To others important point when water for injection becomes a priority - this is increased sensitivity immune system the patient's body to the action of anesthetics and the risk of developing anaphylactic shock. Under such circumstances, water for injection becomes the safest option.
A person to whom a doctor has prescribed a course of antibiotic treatment should know and remember that the use of lidocaine as a liquid to dissolve ceftriaxone is permissible only when administering the drug intramuscularly. If an antibiotic is prescribed by the attending physician for intravenous administration, then the use of lidocaine is strictly prohibited; preference should be given to water for injection.
Novocaine or lidocaine?
One of the frequently asked questions among patients is whether it is better to dilute ceftriaxone - novocaine or lidocaine. According to statistical data obtained on the basis of many scientific experiments and medical observations, in order to dilute ceftriaxone, it is preferable to use lidocaine. The explanation for this choice is the fact that novocaine significantly reduces the bactericidal effect antibacterial drug, plus a high risk of the patient developing severe immune reaction on the administration of this anesthetic.
Therefore, it is quite logical and natural that 1% lidocaine is indicated as a solvent for ceftriaxone in all instructions for the drug.
Today there are a number medical supplies, differing in name (Rosin, Rocephin) and in the composition of additional components, but having as the main biological substance, the same antibiotic - ceftriaxone. In the packaging of these medicines, the manufacturer provides a solvent - lidocaine.
The presence of a solvent in packaging with an antibiotic has a number of advantages:
- the patient does not need to worry about which solvent to choose;
- the patient will not have to rack his brains about how much solvent to put into the syringe, since the ampoule contains the required dose for diluting the antibiotic;
- Since it can be difficult to find 1% lidocaine in pharmacies, consumers are forced to buy 2% and further dilute it.
Intramuscular injection
To administer ceftriaxone intramuscularly, it is necessary to add 1% lidocaine to the antibiotic in an amount of no more than 3 ml. An alternative option could be an ampoule of a 2% solution diluted with distilled water in a 1:1 proportional ratio. In this way, a 1% concentration of lidocaine is achieved.
The powder dissolves easily, without the formation of third-party fractions and impurities. The appearance of turbidity or any precipitation eloquently indicates that ceftriaxone cannot be injected intramuscularly. For adults, ceftriaxone is prescribed in an amount not exceeding 2 g per day.
An important nuance is that doctors do not advise injecting more than 1 gram of the drug into one buttock. For children under 11 years of age, the drug is prescribed at the rate of 40 mg per 1 kg of child weight. However, the specific dosage can only be determined by a specialist, based on clinical picture the disease, as well as the severity of its course and, of course, based on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body.
Intravenous injection
As for the intravenous administration of ceftriaxone, it should be remembered that diluting the antibiotic with lidocaine is prohibited due to its negative impact on work of cardio-vascular system body. Intravenous administration of ceftriaxone in adults is carried out by preliminary diluting the drug with saline or water for injection. Many doctors insist that it is best to use intravenous ceftriaxone using a dropper, since there is the possibility of slow administration of the antibacterial drug.
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How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine
The drug Ceftriaxone belongs to the new generation of antibacterial drugs. Antibiotic wide range action is effective against numerous infectious diseases. However, treatment with Ceftriaxone has one significant drawback - intramuscular injections so painful that it is almost impossible to endure such “torture”. The problem was solved with the help of anesthetics, which reduce the strength to a certain extent. discomfort. Let's look at how to properly dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine.
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine - features of intravenous and intramuscular administration of an antibiotic solution
Ceftriaxone is a powdery substance in a glass bottle. To obtain a solution, the drug is mixed with water for injection. This fluid is given intravenously in the hospital. Only qualified personnel can perform this procedure correctly. nurse, therefore, at home it is better to refuse such an idea. At home, without the help of doctors, the drug can be administered intramuscularly, only in this case Ceftriaxone is diluted with Lidocaine 1%, and not with sterile water.
Lidocaine is a well-known pain reliever. If you prepare a Ceftriaxone solution with it, the distribution process pain signals along the nerve fibers will be suppressed, which means the condition at the time of the injection will be quite tolerable.
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine - procedure
To prepare a solution of an antibacterial drug using an anesthetic, follow next steps:
- To dissolve 1.0 g of Ceftriaxone, add 3.5 ml of Lidocaine 1% solution (3.5 ml = 1 ampoule) into a 5-cc syringe.
- Bend down the aluminum “tab” in the middle of the cap on the vial of Ceftriaxone powder.
- Treat the rubber stopper with cotton soaked in alcohol.
- Insert the syringe needle into the stopper and slowly inject the lidocaine solution into the bottle.
- Shake the bottle forcefully so that the Ceftriaxone dissolves completely in the Lidocaine.
Please note that Lidocaine 1% is not always available in pharmacies. What to do if you buy a painkiller required dosage failed? Then, to dilute Ceftriaxone, take a solution of Lidocaine 2% and add sterile water for injection.
To dilute 1.0 g of Ceftriaxone with a solution of two percent Lidocaine, follow the instructions:
- Take 1 ampoule of Lidocaine 2% and 1 ampoule of water for injection, open them.
- From an ampoule with Lidocaine 2%, draw approximately 1.7 - 1.8 ml of the substance into a syringe, and from an ampoule with water - exactly the same amount.
- Now shake the syringe vigorously, that’s it – you have mixed the 1% Lidocaine solution. Inject the resulting product into the bottle with Ceftriaxone powder.
- To dilute 0.5 g of Ceftriaxone, you will need to pre-mix 1 ml of Lidocaine 2% and 1 ml sterile water.
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine - antibiotic and solvent sensitivity test
Ceftriaxone and lidocaine may cause severe allergies. To prevent such an undesirable development of events, before giving the injection, carry out special test, which will show how the body will react to the drugs. Make a couple of small scratches on the skin of the inner forearm and apply some Ceftriaxone and Lidocaine separately to them. High sensitivity There is no need for medications if the skin at the scratch site does not turn red after 5–10 minutes.
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine - rules during treatment with Ceftriaxone
- Novocaine should not be used instead of Lidocaine to dilute the antibiotic: the anesthetic reduces the activity antibacterial agent and can complicate the patient’s condition up to anaphylactic shock.
- Ceftriaxone cannot be mixed with other antibiotics - this will provoke a severe allergic reaction.
- Diluted Ceftriaxone must not be stored for more than 6 hours.
- Ceftriaxone is diluted with Lidocaine for intramuscular administration only. For intravenous injection, the solution is prepared using sterile water.
- The injection is given in top part gluteal muscle. The drug is administered slowly so as not to cause severe pain, from which even Lidocaine will not save.
- If any symptoms appear after the injection unwanted reactions(such as seizures or skin rash), seek immediate medical attention.
sovetclub.ru
Ceftriaxone - instructions for use
Ceftriaxone is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic active against bacterial infections. We suggest that you read the instructions on how to properly dilute and inject Ceftriaxone intramuscularly and intravenously.
Ceftriaxone is a universal antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, which leads to the death of bacteria.
It is worth noting that some bacteria are resistant to the action of the antibiotic, so the instructions for use recommend conducting a susceptibility test before starting use. At negative indicators treatment will be ineffective.
When Ceftriaxone is administered intramuscularly, the maximum concentration of the substance in the blood is observed after 2.5 hours. 50% of the drug is excreted unchanged through the kidneys. The other part is inactivated in the liver and then exits along with bile.
Ceftriaxone has structural analogues in active substance:
- Rocephin,
- Thorotsef,
- Lendatsin,
- Hizon,
- Cefaxon,
- Biotraxon and others.
The presence of a bacterial infection in the body caused by:
- infectious and inflammatory processes (peritonitis, inflammatory diseases Gastrointestinal tract, typhoid fever and others);
- diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (pneumonia, complications of bronchitis, lung abscess);
- infections of the urinary tract (cystitis) and genital tract (gonorrhea);
- meningitis;
- sepsis;
- syphilis;
- bacterial infections skin,
- infection of wounds and burns;
Ceftriaxone injections are also used to prevent bacterial complications after surgery.
- Individual intolerance to the components of the drug (severe allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock, may occur);
- hypersensitivity to other cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems;
- the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as the period of breastfeeding;
- hyperbilirubinemia in children.
Ceftriaxone is sold in pharmacies in the form of a powder, which is diluted with an anesthetic for intramuscular administration. In most cases, a 1% solution of Lidocaine or Novocaine is used.
To dilute Ceftriaxone for intramuscular injection, 500 mg of the drug is dissolved in 2 ml of a 1% lidocaine solution, and 1 g of the drug in 3.5 ml.
It is important that the first injection is carried out under the supervision of a doctor, as Lidocaine can cause a severe allergic reaction.
Please note that Lidocaine solution must be used within 6 hours after opening if stored at room temperature, or within 2 days if stored in the refrigerator.
For intravenous injections, the antibiotic is diluted exclusively with water - 1 gram is taken per 10 ml. powder!
For children:
- Up to 1 month - 50 mg Ceftriaxone per day per 1 kg of weight.
- Up to 12 years - the dose is selected by the doctor individually based on the child’s weight, but daily norm should not exceed 80 mg/kg.
- Over 12 years old and weighing more than 40 kg - 1 g. /day. The drug can be administered in 2 doses - 0.5 g every 12 hours.
For adults:
- 1 gr. drug per day. Injections can be divided into 2 doses - 0.5 g each. every 12 hours
- In severe cases of the disease, the dosage of Ceftriaxone may need to be increased to 2-4 g/day.
- To reduce the risk of complications in postoperative period, and also before the operation, 1 gram is administered. antibiotic daily.
To avoid negative consequences, it is better to do a test first. Inject 0.5 ml of the prepared solution into the muscle and monitor the reaction. If no negative effects are observed, then after half an hour you can inject the remaining dose into the other buttock.
The duration of the course of Ceftriaxone injections for children and adults is from 4 to 14 days.
- Pathologies of activity digestive system: nausea, strange taste in the mouth, increased gas formation, diarrhea, vomiting. In some cases, yellowing of the skin, as well as the development of inflammation in the large intestine.
- Allergic reactions in the form of rashes, redness, itching and swelling. In severe cases - serum sickness and anaphylactic shock.
- Increased excitability.
- Headache and dizziness.
- Nosebleeds.
- Anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
