Ear infections develop when bacteria, fungi, or viruses penetrate into ear canal from the outside or through the blood. Most often affected: middle ear - diagnosed otitis media, inner ear – labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis.
The infection affects not only the tissues of the hearing organ, but also the nerve endings responsible for transmitting impulses to the auditory center. Sensory disturbances, dizziness, and hearing problems occur.
Signs of an ear infection
- throbbing pain in the ear (more strongly felt when walking, running), itching;
- temperature above 38C, chills, increased sweating;
- loss of appetite, vomiting, upset stomach;
- muscle pain, weakness;
- pain around the ear, radiating to the neck;
- an inflamed, red eardrum (this symptom can be detected by a doctor when examining the ear canal);
- leakage of fluid from the ear (clear or sticky, with pus, blood);
- cough, sneezing, stuffy nose (due to swelling of the mucous membrane);
- hearing loss, loss of balance.
Children are often unable to understand the cause of discomfort. Signs of an ear infection may include crying, hitting yourself in the head, pulling your ears, or shaking your head.
Reasons for the development of infection
During development colds, provoked by a viral infection or other trigger, the mucous membranes swell, bacteria accumulate in them, penetrating into the ear canal.
Another reason is “swimmer’s ear”; pathogens get inside along with the water. The eardrum does not allow fluid to pass beyond the outer ear. But if the water cannot be removed immediately, due to the swelling of the wax plug, itching, pain, noise in the ear appears, and an infectious process develops.
Also, water can penetrate inside and “by a roundabout way” - through the Eustachian tube, which is also fraught with lumbago, stuffy ears, and the risk of infection. In children, the penetration of microbes is facilitated by the specific structure of the auditory tube - it is much shorter and wider than in adults.
Risk factors
- infectious diseases that weaken the immune system (measles, influenza);
- polyps – block the middle ear, cause swelling, attract bacteria;
- seasonal or food allergies;
- inflammation of the nasopharynx, tonsils;
- hypothermia - impact cold water, air (or both factors);
- swimming in polluted waters;
- injuries – fraught with infection in the middle ear area;
- decreased immune function - either due to bad habits(smoking, alcoholism), or due to the presence of autoimmune disorders, lack of sleep, chronic stress.
Fungal otitis is provoked by long-term use of antibiotics, eczema in the ear area, allergies, diabetes mellitus, increased humidity (systematic accumulation of water in the ear).
Complications
- when the mucous membrane swells and fluid secretes, otitis media develops with effusion - the disease is fraught with impaired coordination and hearing impairment;
- in children, hearing loss caused by chronic infection leads to delayed speech development;
- Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection that affects the tissue of the mastoid process (the area of the skull behind the ears). Lack of treatment leads to irreversible damage to the cellular structures, which can lead to hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and infection. facial nerve, subperiosteal abscess, in severe cases - meningitis, violation cerebral circulation, brain abscess.
Treatment of ear infections
The developed inflammatory process requires observation by an otolaryngologist. Otoscopy and audiometry (tympanometry) are performed to check hearing acuity, the condition of the eardrum, eustachian tube, auditory ossicles, acoustic reflex.
Depending on the cause of the disease, the following are prescribed: antibiotics, antimycotic drugs, antihistamines, painkillers (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin).
The auditory canal is freed from sulfur plugs, other formations, examine the tissue for the presence of infiltrates. To remove fluid, drainage is used (a tube is inserted into a hole made in the eardrum under local anesthesia).
Swelling of the mucous membrane is relieved vasoconstrictor drops(into the nose).
At the first manifestations of otitis, the absence purulent discharge Warm compresses are acceptable. It is necessary to warm the area around the ear: make a hole in the middle in a gauze napkin folded in several layers, moisten it in vodka, squeeze it out and “put it” on the ear. Cover the top with film or wax paper, lay a layer of cotton wool, secure with a soft scarf or handkerchief, and leave for 2 hours.
Heat exposure to the affected area during the period of activation of inflammation is contraindicated; heat will increase blood circulation, causing the spread of infection.
Ear drops must be prescribed by a doctor. The products contain antibacterial components, anti-inflammatory, pain relief. Before use, the liquid must be brought to body temperature by holding the bottle in your hands or placing it briefly in warm water. After the product has entered the ear canal, you need to lie on your side for 2-3 minutes.
For otitis media, the following are used to relieve pain, fight inflammation, and soften wax plugs: Otipax, Otirelax, Otinum, Sofradex, Otofa, Normax, Anauran, Polydexa, Maxitrol, Candibiotic (in addition to the antibiotic and anesthetic, it contains an antifungal component).
If the eardrum is damaged, the listed drugs cannot be used (except Otofa).
If the membrane is damaged, its integrity is restored using myringoplasty, covering the affected areas with fragments of the amniotic bladder (egg membrane), hyaluronic film, rubber strips, and special sponges.
More extensive tissue destruction requires tympanoplasty using patient tissue and sponge-like absorbable graft support materials.
Additional funds
1) Diet.
Increases immunity, reduces inflammation, swelling and the likelihood of allergic reactions exclusion of sugar, processed foods, allergens (milk, gluten, peanuts, seafood). With the simultaneous introduction of vegetables, spices (especially turmeric, garlic, ginger), organic protein(lean meat, wild fish), water, probiotics.
2) Antiviral supplements and herbs.
Help cope with inflammation: omega-3 fats, vitamin C, zinc.
Can be used topically: calendula extract, basil, astragalus, echinacea, decoction bay leaf, juice of aloe, kalanchoe, wild garlic, onion, tincture of peony, juniper.
3) Prevention
- breastfeeding – protects against ear infections, respiratory infections, allergies, bronchiolitis;
- quitting smoking - inhaling smoke, including the smell of tobacco that has permeated clothes and hair, increases the risk of otitis media in children;
- Hand washing eliminates pathogens.
Most ear infections are not contagious. specific treatment does not require, symptoms disappear within a week - during the period of so-called “careful waiting”.
If painful sensations intensified, hearing deteriorated, temperature increased, tone occipital muscles, there is a suspicion of damage to the eardrum, you should consult a doctor immediately.
Although ear infections are more common in children, they often affect adults as well. In adults, the infection is usually caused by a bacterial or viral disease, for example a cold. It causes symptoms such as ear congestion, temporary hearing loss, ear pain, etc.
Our ear consists of three main parts - inner ear, middle ear and outer ear. It functions in such a way that sound waves pass through the outer ear and reach the middle part (ear canal), and through the canal the vibrations enter the inner ear. Various diseases can affect a person's hearing, including some ear infections.
Otitis media is the most common ear infection. Also known as a middle ear infection, it causes inflammation of the middle ear. When bacteria or viruses that cause colds, sore throats, and other respiratory illnesses spread into the middle ear, it results in inflammation. Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear or external ear infection, is another type of infection that affects adults.
Otitis - middle ear infection
The small tear at the back of the eardrum, where three tiny bones pick up vibration and transmit it to the inner ear, is called the middle ear. This region is connected to the upper respiratory tract through a small canal called the eustachian tube. Middle ear infections are divided into two types:
- Acute otitis media - This type usually occurs after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract such as the flu or cold, or any other type of respiratory infection.
- Chronic otitis is a continuation of otitis media, which occurs due to disorders of the eardrum, and usually follows acute otitis media.
Symptoms
Fever;
Congestion in the ears;
Dizziness;
Temporary hearing loss;
Pain and itching in the ear;
Discharge of pus;
Peeling in the ear;
A sore throat;
Stomach upset or diarrhea (very rare).
Possible reasons
The fluid from the middle ear enters the throat through the Eustachian tube. When there is a plug or tumor in this tube, fluid begins to stagnate in the middle ear. In this regard, various bacteria and viruses easily enter there, resulting in an infection. Later, white blood cells rush to the site of infection to fight the infection, and during this process, killed bacteria and dead white cells accumulate, resulting in the formation of pus in the middle ear. Due to the accumulation of this pus, the eardrum and bones of the middle ear can move freely, causing hearing problems. Several causes of swelling and congestion of the Eustachian tube:
Frequent exposure vapors or smoke;
Upper respiratory tract infections;
Allergies;
Otitis externa or ear infection.
The outer visible area of the ear consists of the pinna (the cartilaginous structure of the outer ear), and the external auditory canal. Its main function is to collect sound energy and direct it to eardrum, which is part of the middle ear. Infection in the outer part of the ear is most common among swimmers, hence its name. Many times, while swimming, chlorinated water enters the ear, and with it various bacteria and microorganisms that cause infection. In some cases, an infection in the outer ear is caused by inflammation of the external auditory canal.
Symptoms
Minimal hearing loss;
Increase lymph nodes in the throat;
Small increase temperature;
Itching and peeling of the skin;
Discharge of pus;
Feeling of constant pressure and fullness;
Strong pain, which worsens with movement of the earlobe or jaw.
Possible reasons
Otitis externa is caused by fungi or bacteria that enter the ear with moisture. Frequent bathing increases the chances of this infection. Apart from swimming, there are various other reasons that lead to this type of infection:
Scratching the ear with a fingernail;
Constant use of headphones or hearing aids;
Cleaning the ears with sharp objects or an ear swab;
Allergy to jewelry;
Excess moisture in the outer ear.
Treatment Options for an Ear Infection
From the doctor's clinic:
Antifungal ear drops for fungal infections;
Acid ear drops to kill bacteria causing infection;
Corticosteroid ear drops to relieve inflammation and swelling;
Antibiotic ear drops from various bacterial infections;
Antibiotic capsules such as flucloxacillin;
Pain relievers such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen, and codeine (for severe cases);
Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and pain.
If the above-mentioned antibiotics do not help cure the infection, the doctor may recommend simple surgery. This method involves puncturing with a sterilized needle and removing the pus.
Note: Never attempt this procedure yourself.
Disclaimer: This article is written for informational purposes and should not be construed as a substitute for professional medical advice.
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Ear infections are a fairly common problem in both children and adults. The characteristics of the human hearing system predispose pathogens of infectious diseases to multiply unhindered and cause chronic inflammatory processes.
general information
There are many rumors and myths about ear infections that should be taken with a critical eye. Here brief information about these diseases:
- Inflammatory ear diseases can be caused by various infectious agents, but most often they are provoked by pathogenic bacteria.
- Depending on the affected part of the ear, there are various symptoms and a variety of complications may occur. The most dangerous are infections of the inner ear.
- Not only a child, but also an adult can get otitis media (ear inflammation). Often an acute process occurs in childhood, but in chronic form moves into adulthood.
- This problem should not be taken lightly. A common infection can cause severe complications. Therefore, you need to contact a specialist for help in time.
- Antibiotics are very commonly used to treat ear infections. However, you should not prescribe them yourself, since you can make a mistake with the choice of drug and cause side effects.
- Used for some ear diseases surgical methods treatment, but in most cases surgery can be avoided.
- The development of the disease is caused not only by the microbe getting into the ear, but also by a number of predisposing factors. They can be avoided by following preventive measures.
Let's try to understand the problem of ear infections in more detail.
Classification
Ear infections belong to a group of diseases called otitis media. But the latter also includes other types of ear inflammation - allergic and traumatic. The first step is to exclude this nature of the process if there are symptoms of inflammation in the ear.
Infectious otitis can be:
- External - in this case, inflammation occurs in the area of the shell or ear canal. Well amenable to diagnosis and treatment. This is the most common form of the disease.
- Medium – inflammation is localized in tympanic cavity. Microbes can get there from the pharynx through the Eustachian tube or through a hole in the eardrum. Otitis media often has a chronic course.
- Internal ear infections are the most dangerous. The process affects the sensitive parts of the ear - the labyrinth and semicircular tubules. With such an infection there is a high risk of hearing loss.
For a clinician, it is very important to divide the disease according to the duration of its course:
- Acute otitis media lasts no more than three weeks. It is best treated but can cause complications.
- Subacute is a transitional option that takes from three weeks to three months. Factors that reduce human immunity predispose to the development of such a disease.
- Chronic otitis – this variant of the disease lasts more than three months. Usually middle or internal, since microbes are preserved in closed cavities better than in the outer parts of the ear.
Based on the nature of inflammation, they are distinguished:
- Catarrhal variant - the mucous membrane or skin of the ear canal is inflamed. There is no discharge from the ear.
- Exudative - due to the active inflammatory process, mucous discharge occurs, less often bloody.
- Purulent - the most dangerous look diseases. Discharge of cloudy yellow or green color. They represent a bacterial mass and dead leukocytes. Quickly provokes complications.
Causes
The immediate cause of any infectious disease is the pathogen. For otitis, they are viruses and bacteria:
- Streptococci are the most common types of pathogens. Normally, they can colonize the surface of human skin. When immunity declines and local tissues are damaged, streptococci actively multiply and become the cause of infection.
- Pneumococcus – separate species streptococci, which often causes pneumonia. However, in some cases these pathogens enter various departments ear. There they become the cause of ear diseases.
- Staphylococcus is another common type of bacteria found in environment and some body cavities. More often than others they become the cause of purulent processes.
- Haemophilus influenzae - quite often causes otitis and provokes catarrh. When prolonged, it provokes a purulent process.
- Gram-negative bacteria, moraxella and fungi are less likely to cause the disease.
- Microbial associations are a rather unpleasant variant of the disease when its cause is a combination of several pathogenic microbes. Difficult to give in antibacterial therapy. Requires culture of purulent discharge.
Predisposing factors
If the microbe enters healthy hearing organs, it rarely causes illness. Additional predisposing factors are required for the development of infection:
- Immunodeficiency – congenital or acquired. Develops with viral diseases, the use of gluocorticosteroids and cytostatics, cell pathologies immune defense, diabetes mellitus.
- Ear injuries. In this case, the mucous membrane or skin is damaged and cannot prevent the penetration of microbes. The cause of otitis media may be barotrauma of the eardrum due to a sharp change in atmospheric pressure.
- Chronic swelling of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and nose - with allergic diseases, repeated acute respiratory viral infections.
- Adenoids and polyps - these formations in the ENT organs contribute to infectious processes that can spread to the middle ear.
- Presence of lesions chronic infection in organism. Most often they are carious teeth. Less commonly – pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
People who are susceptible to these factors should be on guard and remember the risk of developing an ear infection.
Symptoms
Ear infection has different clinical manifestations depending on its location.
With the development of external otitis, the following symptoms may appear:
- An abscess or boil on the auricle or visible part of the ear canal.
- Severe pain in the ear, sharply aggravated by pressing on the affected side.
- The appearance of mucous or purulent discharge from the external auditory canal.
- With severe inflammation - decreased hearing, a feeling of congestion on one side.
- The pain intensifies when opening the mouth.
An infection in the ear can affect the middle sections - the tympanic cavity. In this case, the person is concerned about:
- Hearing loss due to damage to the auditory ossicles.
- Ear pain on one side.
- Feeling of stuffiness in the ears - decreases when opening the mouth.
- High body temperature.
- A characteristic sign of otitis media is a decrease in the severity of symptoms when the eardrum is perforated, in which case pus is released from the ear on one side.
- Radiation of pain to the temple, eye or jaw.
Ear infections most commonly affect the inner ear. Symptoms of labyrinthitis are:
- Impaired hearing perception.
- Dizziness due to damage to the semicircular tubules.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Constant ringing in the ears.
- Fever and pain are quite rare.
Complications
If an ear infection is not treated promptly, it can cause various complications. These include:
- Hearing loss and complete loss of hearing on one side is especially characteristic of internal otitis.
- Meningitis, brain abscesses, encephalitis - when infection penetrates into the cranial cavity.
- Damage to the facial nerve by the inflammatory process with the development of its paresis.
- Mastoiditis – damage to the mastoid process temporal bone. It is dangerous due to the destruction of the auditory ossicles.
- Abscesses in the ENT organs - pharynx and tonsils, peripharyngeal tissue.
All of these conditions have a fairly serious impact on the life of any person. Children's socialization is disrupted, adults lose professional abilities and are often forced to turn to specialists for help.
Prevention of complications is timely diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease.
Diagnostics
If symptoms of otitis media are detected in a patient, the doctor begins a diagnostic search for the problem. Otolaryngologist applies various methods studies depending on the type of disease.
For inflammation of the outer ear, use:
- Inspection of the auricle and external meatus using an otoscope: noticeable narrowing of the ear canal, redness of the skin, discharge, and hyperemia of the membrane.
- Bacteriological study of secretions from the ear.
- General clinical blood and urine tests.
For otitis media, the doctor uses:
- The diagnostic methods listed above.
- During otoscopy, it reveals a restriction in the mobility of the membrane or a hole in it.
- Valsava method - puffing out the cheeks while closed oral cavity. With otitis media, the membrane does not bend, unlike a healthy one.
To diagnose internal otitis, use:
- metry – study of hearing function using a hardware method.
- Tympanometry is the measurement of pressure levels inside the ear.
- Examination by a neurologist to exclude complications of the disease.
Treatment methods
Treatment for an ear infection depends on its location, the pathogen, and the presence of complications. Most often, otitis media is treated in a conservative way. A much less common operation is paracentesis.
Conservative
For the treatment of external otitis, the following are used:
- Antibiotics in drops - ciprofloxacin or ofloxcin, less often rifamycin. If an antibiotic does not help, prescribe alternative remedy according to the results of bacterial culture.
- Drops with corticosteroids - reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and the severity of symptoms.
- Antifungal agents for otitis media caused by fungi. The most commonly used are clotrimazole or natamycin.
- Local antiseptics, for example Miramistin, help well.
Otitis media and internal otitis are treated with oral antibiotics - in tablets. Most used drugs:
- Amoxicillin.
- Amoxiclav.
- Cephalosporins 2 and 3 generations.
Additionally, symptomatic agents can be used in the form of ear drops. If the eardrum is intact, Otipax and Otizol are used.
They relieve symptoms of the disease and alleviate the human condition.
Antibiotic drops for otitis media and a whole eardrum will not have any effect.
The opposite situation is observed in the presence of perforation. In this case, anesthetic drops are contraindicated, but are widely used antibacterial agents V local form. They penetrate the tympanic cavity and kill bacteria.
Surgical
The surgical method for treating otitis media is called paracentesis. It is carried out in the following conditions:
- Damage to the inner ear by an inflammatory process.
- Development of meningeal and cerebral symptoms.
- Inflammation of the facial nerve.
- Ineffectiveness of antibacterial therapy.
The essence of the operation is to cut the membrane with a special needle.
The doctor makes an incision in the thinnest place to speed up its healing in the future.
Through the resulting hole, purulent contents flow out, accelerating the person’s recovery. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.
Prevention
The development of the disease can be prevented by following simple preventive measures. These include:
- Timely treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis with the use of vasoconstrictors.
- Elimination of all foci of chronic infection, including carious teeth.
- Stay in a ventilated room, take daily walks, and strengthen your body.
- Do wet cleaning in your home regularly.
- Avoid injury to the outer ear when using hygiene products.
- Complete treatment allergic diseases, avoiding contact with the allergen.
Any symptoms of ear pathology should be a reason to contact a specialist.
Source: http://elaxsir.ru/zabolevaniya/uxa/infekciya-v-ushax-lechenie.html
Ear infection in adults
Ear infections are not as common in adults as they are in children, but they can cause serious complications. The ear has three main parts, known as the inner, middle and outer. Infections are most common in the middle and outer ear. Inner ear infections are rare.
Symptoms of ear infections in adults
Symptoms of ear infections in adults vary by location and may include:
- Inflammation and pain;
- Hearing loss;
- Nausea;
- Vomiting;
- Fever;
- Headache;
- Ear discharge, which is a sign of a serious problem.
Middle ear infections
The middle ear is located directly behind the eardrum.
Middle ear infections usually occur when bacteria or viruses from the mouth, eyes, and nasal passages enter the middle ear area. The result is pain and a feeling of clogged ears.
Some people may experience hearing problems because the inflamed eardrum becomes less sensitive to sound.
Buildup of fluid or pus behind the eardrum also affects hearing. It may seem that sore ear is under water. Fever and general weakness may accompany a middle ear infection.
Outer ear infection
Outer ear includes auricle and external auditory canal. External ear infections may begin as an itchy rash on the outside of the ear.
The auditory canal is perfect place for germs to multiply, resulting in an outer ear infection. External ear infections can be caused by irritation or damage to the ear canal by foreign objects.
Common symptoms include pain and swelling of the ear canal. The ear may become red and hot to the touch.
Risk factors for developing ear infections in adults
Ear infections are caused by viruses or bacteria and are common in people with weakened immune system. Ear infections in adults are usually caused by viruses, fungi, or bacteria. People with weakened immune systems or inflammation are more prone to ear infections.
Diabetes is one of the risk factors that can cause ear infections. People with chronic diseases skin conditions, including eczema or psoriasis, may be prone to ear infections.
Colds, flu, allergies, and respiratory illnesses such as sinus and throat infections can lead to ear infections.
The Eustachian tubes run from the ear to the nose and throat and control the pressure in the ear. Infected eustachian tubes become swollen and prevent drainage, which worsens the symptoms of middle ear infections.
People who smoke or are around smoke are more likely to suffer from an ear infection.
Swimmer's ear
People who spend a lot of time in water are at risk of developing an outer ear infection. Water that enters the ear canal after swimming creates an ideal breeding ground for germs.
Ear infections can go away on their own in many cases, so with minor pain syndrome in the ear there is no need to worry. If symptoms do not go away within 3 days and new symptoms such as fever appear, you should consult a doctor.
Diagnosis of ear infections in adults
To make a correct diagnosis, the doctor must ask about the symptoms, as well as the medications the patient is taking. The doctor usually uses an instrument called an otoscope to examine the eardrum and ear canal for signs of infection.
Treatment of ear infections in adults
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the infection, as well as other health problems the person may have. Antibiotics are not effective for ear infections caused by viruses. Ear drops are used to reduce pain symptoms.
Medicines including acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen help adults with ear infections if they are accompanied by inflammation.
Vasoconstrictors or antihistamines medications such as pseudoephedrine or diphenhydramine may also relieve some symptoms, especially if they are caused by excess mucus in the eustachian tubes.
These medicines They will help relieve pain, but will not cure the infection.
Using a warm compress for 20 minutes may reduce pain. The compress can be used together with painkillers.
Preventing ear infections in adults
Some simple steps can help prevent ear infections.
- Quitting smoking is an important step in preventing upper respiratory and ear infections. Smoking directly reduces effectiveness immune system body and causes inflammation.
- The outer ear must be properly cleaned and dried after bathing. Doctors recommend using earplugs to prevent water from getting into your ears.
- A person should not use cotton swabs or other objects to clean their ears as they can damage the ear canal and eardrum, which can lead to infection.
- Regular hand washing will help prevent the spread of germs that cause ear infections.
- Treatment how seasonal allergies, and skin diseases are additional steps in preventing ear infections.
Ear infections in adults can lead to serious consequences, including hearing loss. The infection can also spread to other parts of the body.
Source: https://medicalinsider.ru/terapiya/infekciya-ukha-u-vzroslykh/
Ear diseases - symptoms, treatment
Currently, many ear diseases are known. However, the most common are two: inflammation in the middle or outer ear and sensorineural hearing loss. Accordingly, the symptoms of ear diseases will also be varied.
Otitis or ear inflammation
Otitis is an inflammatory process localized in the ear. The causative agents of infection in ear diseases can be hemolytic streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, as well as fungi and mycobacteria that cause such serious pathology as ear tuberculosis.
Otitis may be primary. However, it most often occurs as a complication of inflammation in other organs, when an infection through the blood and lymph flows into the ear.
This type of otitis is called secondary. Most likely location primary focus inflammation of the organs of the nasopharynx.
Often complicated by: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, influenza, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, etc. infections.
The risk group includes patients who in the past had microtraumas of the ears, disorders of general or decreased local immunity, allergic predisposition, improper ear hygiene, congenital increased function of the glands of the auditory canal, which leads to the appearance of cerumen.
Patients who have previously received medications some pharmacological groups, are also at risk. Most often, when used, complications of this kind are caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Microtraumas are understood as mechanical effects on the ears (blows, bruises, bites), as well as thermal, chemical, acoustic (long-term or short-term strong sound), vibration, as well as barotrauma that occurs during sudden changes in atmospheric pressure.
In children, various factors contribute to the development of ear diseases. foreign bodies: pebbles, buttons, peas, etc. Often such objects can remain in the ear for several days, and only when otitis occurs is their presence detected.
In adults, foreign bodies get into the ear more often due to poor hygiene. These are fragments of matches, cotton wool, and less often insects.
Symptoms of ear disease
The most common symptom of ear disease is pain. Its intensity is extremely variable: from a slight tingling sensation to an extreme degree of intensity that disrupts the patient’s sleep.
Pain may radiate to the eyes lower jaw, temple, and also cause a spill headache on the side of the affected ear. The pain syndrome can sharply intensify when walking, swallowing, chewing.
A less common symptom is redness. It is noticeable without examination when there is inflammation of the outer ear.
With pronounced inflammatory process general infectious symptoms may appear in the ear: hyperthermia, weakness, chilling, decreased appetite, general weakness and sleep disturbance.
With otitis media, patients may feel splashing or fluid transfusion in the ear cavity, especially pronounced when the position of the head changes.
In advanced cases, ear diseases may cause discharge of various types: putrefactive, purulent, bloody, serous.
Symptoms of ear diseases may also include the following:
- hearing loss;
- sensation of noise in the ear;
- autophony (perception of the sound of one’s own voice when the ear is blocked);
- hearing loss within any frequency;
- deafness;
- dizziness.
An external examination reveals swelling, redness of the outer ear, crusts or small bubbles in the external auditory canal, and traces of scratching.
Palpation when pressing on the tragus or mastoid often painful.
Treatment of ear diseases
To treat inflammatory ear diseases, local antibiotics and antiseptics are prescribed.
In case of severe violation general condition, an advanced process, and also if otitis media is secondary, systemic antibiotics are prescribed.
The selection of antibiotic therapy should be carried out by a specialist.
Fungal diseases of the ears
The causative agents of ear mycoses are often yeast-like fungi. In many cases, the occurrence of fungal diseases of the ears is a beacon that there is a certain kind of immunodeficiency in the body.
The most common complaint with mycoses of the ear is liquid discharge of white, yellowish, green colors. Patients are bothered by tinnitus, itching, and a feeling of ear fullness. Pain syndrome is usually absent. There may be decreased hearing on the affected side and dizziness.
The reasons that predispose to the development of mycosis are similar to the reasons that contribute to the development of otitis media.
To treat fungal ear infections, it is important to determine the species specificity of the fungi.
After this, antimycotic drugs are prescribed: amphotericin B, natamycin, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine.
Antihistamines should be prescribed at the same time, because many fungi are highly allergenic.
When treating fungal diseases of the ears, it is necessary to discontinue antibiotics, as well as carry out immunocorrective and restorative therapy.
Fungal infections tend to recur, therefore, after clinical cure, repeated mycological studies are recommended.
on the topic of the article:
The information is generalized and is provided for informational purposes. At the first signs of illness, consult a doctor. Self-medication is dangerous to health!
Source: http://www.neboleem.net/zabolevanija-ushej.php
Symptoms of an ear infection in adults
Although ear infections are more common in children, they often affect adults as well. In adults, the infection is usually caused by a bacterial or viral illness, such as a cold. It causes symptoms such as ear congestion, temporary hearing loss, ear pain, etc.
Our ear consists of three main parts - the inner ear, the middle ear and the outer ear.
It functions in such a way that sound waves pass through the outer ear and reach the middle part (ear canal), and through the canal, vibrations enter the inner ear.
Various diseases can affect a person's hearing, including some ear infections.
Otitis media is the most common ear infection. Also known as a middle ear infection, it causes inflammation of the middle ear.
When bacteria or viruses that cause colds, sore throats, and other respiratory illnesses spread into the middle ear, it results in inflammation.
Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear or external ear infection, is another type of infection that affects adults.
Otitis – middle ear infection
The small tear at the back of the eardrum, where three tiny bones pick up vibration and transmit it to the inner ear, is called the middle ear.
This region is connected to the upper respiratory tract through a small canal called the eustachian tube.
Middle ear infections are divided into two types:
- Acute otitis media – This type usually occurs after a viral upper respiratory tract infection such as the flu or cold, or any other type of respiratory infection.
- Chronic otitis is a continuation of otitis media, which occurs due to disorders of the eardrum, and usually follows acute otitis media.
Symptoms
– Fever;
– Congestion in the ears;
- Dizziness;
– Temporary hearing loss;
– Pain and itching in the ear;
– Discharge of pus;
– Peeling in the ear;
- A sore throat;
– Stomach upset or diarrhea (very rare).
Possible reasons
The fluid from the middle ear enters the throat through the Eustachian tube. When there is a plug or tumor in this tube, fluid begins to stagnate in the middle ear.
In this regard, various bacteria and viruses easily enter there, resulting in an infection.
Later, white blood cells rush to the site of infection to fight the infection, and during this process, killed bacteria and dead white cells accumulate, resulting in the formation of pus in the middle ear.
Due to the accumulation of this pus, the eardrum and bones of the middle ear can move freely, causing hearing problems. Several causes of swelling and congestion of the Eustachian tube:
– Frequent exposure to vapors or smoke;
– Upper respiratory tract infections;
– Allergies;
– Otitis externa or ear infection.
The outer visible area of the ear consists of the pinna (the cartilaginous structure of the outer ear), and the external auditory canal.
Its main function is to collect sound energy and direct it to the eardrum, which is part of the middle ear.
Infection in the outer part of the ear is most common among swimmers, hence its name.
Many times, while swimming, chlorinated water enters the ear, and with it various bacteria and microorganisms that cause infection. In some cases, an infection in the outer ear is caused by inflammation of the external auditory canal.
Symptoms
– Minimal hearing loss; – Enlarged lymph nodes in the throat;
– Slight increase in temperature;
– Itching and flaking of the skin;
– Discharge of pus;
– Feeling of constant pressure and fullness;
– Severe pain that worsens with movement of the earlobe or jaw.
Possible reasons
Otitis externa is caused by fungi or bacteria that enter the ear with moisture. Frequent bathing increases the chances of this infection. Apart from swimming, there are various other reasons that lead to this type of infection:
– Scratching the ear with a fingernail;
– Constant use of headphones or hearing aids;
– Cleaning the ears with sharp objects or an ear swab;
– Allergy to jewelry;
– Excess moisture in the outer ear.
Treatment Options for an Ear Infection
From the doctor's clinic:
– Antifungal ear drops for fungal infections;
– Acid ear drops to kill bacteria causing infection;
– corticosteroid ear drops to relieve inflammation and swelling;
– Antibiotic ear drops for various bacterial infections;
– Antibiotics in capsules, such as flucloxacillin;
– Pain relievers such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen, and codeine (for severe cases);
– Anti-inflammatory drugs, to reduce inflammation and pain.
If the above-mentioned antibiotics do not help cure the infection, the doctor may recommend simple surgery. This method involves puncturing with a sterilized needle and removing the pus.
Galina Belokon, www.vash-medic.ru
Note: Never attempt this procedure yourself.
Disclaimer: This article is written for informational purposes and should not be construed as a substitute for professional medical advice.
Ear diseases are considered one of the most common diseases in both children and adults. Ear infections usually occur in the middle ear, behind the eardrum and is known as a middle ear infection (otitis media). Otitis media develops when the middle ear becomes inflamed or infected as a result allergies to cold or upper respiratory tract infections. When your ear is infected, you will experience pain and discomfort in it. Most infections do not require long-term radical treatment and they can be cured on their own within a few days. However, frequently recurring infections can cause serious complications in the ear, both short-term and long-term hearing loss, and also a violation of the integrity of the eardrum.
There are different types of ear infections and these include:
- Acute otitis media (AOM) – parts of the ear become swollen and infected and fluid and water are blocked inside the ear.
- Otitis media with effusion (OME).
- Fluid in the middle ear remains there even after symptoms of infection are removed.
- Otitis externa (swimmer's ear).
- The infection develops in the outer ear when water gets into the ear canal and usually affects the eardrum.
- Purulent otitis.
- An ear infection with drainage that lasts more than two weeks can develop from repeated ear infections.
- Inner ear infection. Inner ear becomes infected due to the accumulation of water trapped inside the ear and earwax.
Diagnosis of ear diseases.
Diagnosis of an ear infection is based on symptoms and visual examination, medical examination. A special tool is used for this otoscope to determine whether there is inflammation in the middle ear or not.
If increased fluid develops without infection (otitis with effusion), a pneumatic otoscope is used to blowing the ear with air.
Additional tests for ear infections may also be performed and these include tympanometry(to measure eardrum movement) or acoustic reflectometry(for projecting sounds different frequencies in the ear).
Majority children suffering from ear infections, have no speech abilities and cannot explain what hurts them.
Common symptoms and signs include:
- Drawing pain in one or both ears.
- Irritability.
- Crying more than usual.
- Difficulty falling asleep.
- Pain in the ear when pressing on it.
- Fever.
- Unable to respond to sounds, has difficulty hearing.
- Headache.
- Fluid leaking from the ears.
What Causes Ear Infections?
Available different circumstances and factors that may contribute to an ear infection, and these include:
- Bacterial or viral infection that cause colds.
- Problems within auditory tubes, such as swelling and blockage or dysfunction of these tubes.
- Swelling of the adenoids.
- Sudden hypothermia when swimming.
- There was a draft.
- Children and adults with underdeveloped immune systems.
Help with ear infections
Eat various options treatment of ear infections depending on patient's age, medical history, type of infection, and level of pain.
Ear infections caused by a virus are usually clear and self-limiting within a few days without treatment; first, avoid using antibiotics to cure the disease. Eat many self-help options, the easiest to apply alcohol or oil compress on the affected ear or placing warm oil in it. 
Keep in mind that antibiotics should not be used to treat an infection caused by a virus. In cases where your child has recurring ear infections that do not respond to antibiotics or fluid in the ear is affecting hearing, surgery may be recommended. Surgical procedure , such as myringotomy, in which the eardrum is A small drainage tube is inserted into the ear.
Herbal and homeopathic remedies Gentle and natural for treating ear infections and promoting overall ear health. These products are safe for use by children without harsh side effects which may occur during treatment with antibiotics.
Herbs such as chamomile, act as a sedative for overall health. Echinacea purpurea supports the immune system. Homeopathic ingredients such as Belladonna, Pulsatilla And Ferrum, Leviticum, And Calc. sulp help keep your child's ears healthy.
More information about ear infections
There are certain risk factors that may make your child susceptible to ear infections include:
- Children aged 4 months to 4 years.
- Impact tobacco smoke And high level air pollution.
- Relatives often suffer ear infections.
- Ear infections are the most common during the autumn-winter period.
There are certain things that can be done to prevent ear infections, and relieve pain and discomfort.
- Breastfeed your baby for as long as possible, – to improve immunity.
- Let your the house will be smoke-free– Protect your child from second-hand smoke.
- Avoid your child's contact with other sick children, especially in crowded areas.
- Feed your baby in vertical position if you translated it on artificial feeding - this may cause irritation of the eustachian tube.
- Put warm, damp cloth to the affected ear.
- When cold symptoms appear, use steam, saline solution nasal drops or suctioning to keep your nose clean.
- Boost your child's immunity by including fresh fruits and vegetables into their diet.
- Teach your child good hygiene habits such as washing hands before eating, after using the toilet and after playing with pets.
- Learn recognize allergy symptoms and keep them under control as they can lead to ear infections.
Ear infections are not as common in adults as they are in children, but they can cause serious complications. The ear has three main parts, known as the inner, middle and outer. Infections are most common in the middle and outer ear. Inner ear infections are rare.
Photo: MD-Health.com Symptoms of ear infections in adults
Symptoms of ear infections in adults vary by location and may include:
- Inflammation and pain;
- Hearing loss;
- Nausea;
- Vomiting;
- Fever;
- Headache;
- Ear discharge, which is a sign of a serious problem.
Middle ear infections
The middle ear is located directly behind the eardrum. Middle ear infections usually occur when bacteria or viruses from the mouth, eyes, and nasal passages enter the middle ear area. The result is pain and a feeling of clogged ears. Some people may experience hearing problems because the inflamed eardrum becomes less sensitive to sound. Buildup of fluid or pus behind the eardrum also affects hearing. The affected ear may seem to be underwater. Fever and general weakness may accompany a middle ear infection.
Outer ear infection
The outer ear includes the pinna and the external auditory canal. External ear infections may begin as an itchy rash on the outside of the ear. The ear canal is an ideal place for germs to multiply, and as a result, an infection of the outer ear can develop. External ear infections can be caused by irritation or damage to the ear canal by foreign objects. Common symptoms include pain and swelling of the ear canal. The ear may become red and hot to the touch.
Risk factors for developing ear infections in adults
Ear infections are caused by viruses or bacteria and are common in people withweakened immune system. Ear infections in adults are usually caused by viruses, fungi, or bacteria. People with weakened immune systems or inflammation are more prone to ear infections.
Diabetesis one of the risk factors that can cause ear infections. People with chronic skin conditions, including eczema or psoriasis, may be prone to ear infections.
Colds, flu, allergies, and respiratory illnesses such as sinus and throat infections can lead to ear infections.
The Eustachian tubes run from the ear to the nose and throat and control the pressure in the ear. Infected eustachian tubes become swollen and prevent drainage, which worsens the symptoms of middle ear infections.
People who smoke or are around smoke are more likely to suffer from an ear infection.
Swimmer's ear
People who spend a lot of time in water are at risk of developing an outer ear infection. Water that enters the ear canal after swimming creates an ideal breeding ground for germs.
Ear infections can go away on their own in many cases, so if you have minor ear pain, there is no need to worry. If symptoms do not go away within 3 days and new symptoms such as fever appear, you should consult a doctor.
Diagnosis of ear infections in adults
To make a correct diagnosis, the doctor must ask about the symptoms, as well as the medications the patient is taking. The doctor usually uses an instrument called an otoscope to examine the eardrum and ear canal for signs of infection.
Treatment of ear infections in adults
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the infection, as well as other health problems the person may have. Antibiotics are not effective for ear infections caused by viruses. Ear drops are used to reduce pain symptoms.
Medicines including acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen help adults with ear infections if they are accompanied by inflammation. Vasoconstrictors or antihistamines such as pseudoephedrine or diphenhydramine may also relieve some symptoms, especially if they are caused by excess mucus in the eustachian tubes. These medications will help relieve pain but will not treat the infection.
Using a warm compress for 20 minutes may reduce pain. The compress can be used together with painkillers.
Preventing ear infections in adults
Some simple steps can help prevent ear infections.
- Quitting smoking is an important step in preventing upper respiratory and ear infections. Smoking directly reduces the effectiveness of the body's immune system and causes inflammation.
- The outer ear must be properly cleaned and dried after bathing. Doctors recommend using earplugs to prevent water from getting into your ears.
- A person should not use cotton swabs or other objects to clean their ears as they can damage the ear canal and eardrum, which can lead to infection.
- Regular hand washing will help prevent the spread of germs that cause ear infections.
- Treating both seasonal allergies and skin conditions are additional steps in preventing ear infections.
Ear infections in adults can lead to serious consequences, including hearing loss. The infection can also spread to other parts of the body.
