According to the World Health Organization (WHO), human health depends on: 10% of social conditions, 15% from hereditary factors, 8% from health care conditions, 7% from climatic conditions and 60% of the lifestyle of the person himself.
So think:
What we eat and drink, what we breathe (we eat and inhale poisons and toxins).
We move a little (muscles, the cardiovascular system atrophy).
We experience stress (acidification of the body by free radicals).
Perhaps enough. It's amazing how you can even survive in such conditions! To complete the picture, a few lines from an interview with the Chief Immunologist of the Irkutsk Region, Academician of the Eurasian Academy of Sciences B.V. pharmaceuticals. It turns out that pollution of the internal environment interferes with metabolism. The body does not receive the necessary substances from the outside and is not able to bring out the products of metabolism. The current purification methods either do not bring the expected results (hemosorption, plasmaphoresis), or are very expensive (lymphosorption).
Therefore, we suggest CONSTANTLY drinking herbal tea drinks "Krepchay" - they ALL help to cleanse the body of toxins. Of course, it is better for adults to start with special cleansers No. 10, 11, 16, 17 or 19.
For the whole family, even infants, it is more convenient to brew No. 1, 14.
Most often, the first signs of many diseases appear several years before the onset. acute stage. It is very important to be able to GIVE YOURSELF A TIMELY DIAGNOSIS. There is no causeless pain, even short-term. The doctor cannot make a diagnosis with a minimum of information (for example, a prick in the right side). Incorrect diagnosis makes treatment useless. Observe, think, analyze - no one is more interested in your health than you.
If a person gets tired quickly, this does not mean old age. This is a warning: something is wrong in the body. Exactly on early diagnosis The program "Health Navigator", adopted by the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2003, was directed, which is being successfully implemented in various regions of Russia with the help of the consumer society "Longevity". Sergei Yuryevich Chudakov, President of the Longevity Holding, talks about the program for monitoring the health of healthy people: “The activation of the preventive focus of domestic healthcare aims to find ways to protect the population from non-transmissible functional diseases and numerous industrial, transport and household injuries that are the cause of mass disability and premature death of the population working age.
WHO experts have determined and proclaimed that the health of the population is formed under the influence of 4 groups of factors: genetics, ecology, medical service and lifestyle.
Modern civilization has formed in highly developed countries a certain lifestyle of the population, which is characterized by increased comfort and sterility of the environment, frequent stress, excess caloric nutrition and extremely low level motor activity.
Medical observations state that a significant part of the population has dystrophy of the muscular system and hypertrophy of adipose tissue, increasing allergy dependence, poor protection from viral attacks, high blood pressure and palpitations.
Modern civilization has relieved many people of the need to perform physical work with the help of muscular effort. The lack of movement constantly leads many organs to inefficient functioning, chronic atrophy and organic disease.
The structure of the bones is demineralized, their strength decreases, and there is a deficiency in the production of red blood cells, which negatively affects the quality of the blood.
Adaptation of the heart and blood vessels to a sedentary lifestyle results in a decrease in the size of the heart, a decrease in the diameter of the main arteries and a decrease in the number of functioning capillaries.
The Holding Longevity group of companies is engaged in the comprehensive provision of health and active longevity programs. The main activities are: medical, health and educational programs. The concept is based on the process of preserving and strengthening human health, which can only be achieved with the joint efforts of a doctor and a patient, which must be built on the basis of objective knowledge about the state of one's body and clear medical recommendations on the use of adequate health measures and lifestyle correction. Longevity specialists actively use family medicine programs, conduct face-to-face and remote consultations of leading Moscow specialists in the field of natural medicine in all specialties, perform a full range of unique diagnostic services, combining the methods of European and Oriental medicine, targeted programs for longevity and rejuvenation are being implemented using the means and methods of natural medicine.
With the help of the Health Navigator technology approved by the Ministry of Health, a detailed description of the functional reserves of organ systems and the human body as a whole is provided in a form that is quite understandable for an ordinary person. This allows you to control age dynamics health, identify early signs of functional insufficiency of the neuromuscular, bone, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, activate targeted prevention and significantly reduce the incidence of the population of all age groups especially the youth. The means of safe correction developed at Longevity make it possible to restore people's health for a long time, regardless of the initial state.
I am proud to announce that Omsk tea drinks "Strong!" are also included in the list of safe correction tools that allow you to restore health.
Separately about children. Very short because good parents You must have read a lot on this subject. And for the unlucky, perhaps, a brief information will give impetus to action, they will not read much. Very simple truths, around which there are no longer even disputes among the luminaries of medical science.
1. A child cannot be made a vegetarian from birth. Without receiving essential amino acids for up to five years, he will grow up mentally handicapped, then it cannot be corrected.
2. Modern products do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Therefore, if you want to raise a child to be physically and mentally complete, take care of this from an early age.
Once I listened to a speech by a nutritionist, biochemist Konstantin Demidov about dietary supplements. He spoke about a young mother who refused to give her child preparations containing macro- and microelements so necessary during the growth period: “Declaring that you do not want to experiment, you are setting up a cruel experiment on yourself and your family, leaving yourself and them to the mercy of fate.
Give your child the opportunity to develop a powerful intellect and good health. This is possible up to 12 years. And then - what grew, then grew. Calcium, iodine, zinc are necessary during the growth period. Under conditions of oxidative load, iron becomes one of the first places. The health of your children is in your hands! It's time to act!"
I don’t have a first aid kit at home – there is simply no need for medicines. But vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements are necessary even for those who drink healing herbal teas. For myself, I chose products from different companies (see Appendix 4). This is not so important - there are many companies offering high-quality vitamins and dietary supplements. However, I decided that I can trust companies that have been on the market for a long time the most.
It is not difficult to teach a child from early childhood not to poison with soda, black tea and coffee, there is an excellent substitute - freshly squeezed juices, delicious herbal teas No. 14, 1, 3, 17, 19, Sikanjubin balm and ORDINARY FILTERED WATER.
No. 14 "KARAPUZ" (FOR MOM AND CHILDREN) Tea for pregnant women, nursing mothers and children (of any age). It alleviates toxicosis during pregnancy, promotes the bearing of healthy offspring. Increases lactation in nursing mothers. Improves digestion, sleep in capricious and often ill children. Helps to cope with postpartum depression.
№1 "HEALTH" (GENERALLY STRENGTHENING, ENVIRONMENTAL) We recommend drinking it to those who live in a difficult ecological situation, and these are ALL residents of cities and most residents of villages. The drink is useful for general weakness of the body, after illnesses, before and after surgery (the herbs that make up the tea have general strengthening, immunomodulatory, antitoxic, regenerative properties, enhance therapeutic effect medicines).
No. 3 "SPRING" (VITAMIN) This vitamin drink is especially useful for winter-spring beriberi, and is also necessary for often ill children. We recommend EVERYONE to use this drink in the pre- and post-operative period to reduce the harmful side effects of drugs.
№17 "LIGHT" (VASCULAR STRENGTHENING, ANTI-SCLEROTIC) As a powerful torch disperses darkness, so "Light" clears the bloodstream of blood vessels, makes them elastic, fights atherosclerosis, circulatory disorders of the heart muscle and brain. Tea is useful for varicose veins veins, hemorrhoids. Drives away a headache, improves memory, sight, hearing.
Viktor Alexandrovich Lopaev
Psychophysiologist, consultant of the Russian Association of Pharmaconutrition
Olga Petrovna Mironova
Head neurological department of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sergei Yurievich Chudakov
Vice President of the Russian Association of Pharmaconutrition
For a long period in the science of nutrition, the main attention was paid to assessing its usefulness in terms of sufficient calorie content (energy function of food) and protein supply (plastic function) of the diet. Studies aimed at studying the role of micronutrients in ensuring life processes were presented in a much smaller volume.
And the role of fats and fiber is clearly underestimated. The situation changed after a number of serious violations in the nutritional status of the population were revealed as a result of long-term and mass surveys of the population of various regions of Russia, conducted by employees of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. In the diet of the majority of the population of the country there is a deficiency of a number of vitamins (vitamin C, vitamins B1 and B2, folic acid, vitamin A and carotene, vitamin E and some others) and minerals (zinc, selenium, calcium, iron, iodine and fluorine); excessive consumption of animal fats; deficiency of complete (animal) proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and dietary fiber.
The identification of these features of the nutrition of the population prompted a large number of studies aimed at clarifying the mechanisms of participation of micronutrients in ensuring the functioning of organs and systems of a healthy and diseased organism. It turned out that malnutrition plays a very significant role in the development of a number of diseases. The nervous system turned out to be especially sensitive to a deficiency of a number of vitamins and minerals, which is manifested in a significant spread of its functional diseases. The need to make a correction in providing the body with micronutrients in such cases has become obvious.
After a certain period of accumulation of knowledge and development of technologies that allow extracting micronutrients from medicinal and food plants in sufficient quantities, a new class of therapeutic and prophylactic agents has appeared, called biologically active food supplements (BAA).
Research devoted to the study of both the role of micronutrients (BAA_nutraceuticals) and small doses of biologically active substances obtained from medicinal plants (BAA_parapharmaceuticals) in ensuring the vital processes of the body is currently distinguished as an independent scientific direction, called “micronutrientology” or “pharmaconutritionology” .
In order to understand what caused such transformations, consider comparative characteristic some features of therapy using pharmacological preparations, herbal medicine and therapy using dietary supplements.
Traditional herbal medicine is characterized by the use of a large number of biologically contained in plants active substances, many of which form homogeneous groups and complement each other in terms of their effect on the body.
That is why the action, for example, of vitamin preparations obtained directly from plants (as a rule, this is a whole complex of substances) is more effective than preparations containing synthetic analogues of one of these substances.
The same feature was retained by therapy with the use of dietary supplements. Both in herbal medicine and in therapy with the use of dietary supplements, precisely those substances are used to regulate body functions, in relation to which it can be assumed that their use for these purposes is “provided” by the evolutionary process. In therapy with the use of synthesized pharmaceutical preparations, the use of substances alien to the body is also allowed, which in some cases can have a toxic effect and cause allergic reactions. And although such effects are possible with the use of natural drugs, the likelihood of their development in the latter case is approximately an order of magnitude less than when using synthetic drugs. There are also two features that distinguish therapy using dietary supplements from traditional herbal medicine. The first of them is that the creators of dietary supplements have developed special technologies for obtaining dry extracts of plants that can retain their medicinal properties for several years.
The use of drugs made from well-established medicinal plants, the use of which was previously (in the form of decoctions or infusions) limited to the areas of distribution of these plants, has become possible in all countries of the world. The second feature is that, thanks to the use of modern equipment (plasma photometers and other devices), the creators of dietary supplements were able not only to control the content of the main active substances in plant materials, but also to standardize the finished preparations according to the content of these substances. According to this indicator (certainty of the composition of preparations, which ensures standardization of the therapeutic effect on the patient), dietary supplements, although they do not reach the level of pharmaceutical preparations, approach them to a much greater extent than herbal preparations. A study of the role of factors that affect the state of health of the population showed that the factor “lifestyle features” (among which nutritional features play the most important role) is much more important than the “level of medical support” factor.
However, for a long period this situation was only stated as a fact, practically remaining outside the sphere of influence of doctors armed only with pharmaceuticals.
The appearance of dietary supplements in the arsenal of a practical doctor provides at least the opportunity to correct the nutritional deficiencies in patients.
For a certain period of time, representatives of theoretical and clinical medicine distanced themselves from the question of the use of dietary supplements in medicine. After the revival of the interest of scientists and the medical community in the physiological role of micronutrients in the body, the period of recognition of the possibility of using dietary supplements as a means of prevention and restorative means has come. However, attempts to talk about the therapeutic effect of the use of dietary supplements were still not taken seriously and were not approved. Today, under the pressure of the results of a large number of recent studies published by most doctors, it is recognized as an undeniably established fact: the complex use of drugs and dietary supplements as adjuvants, as a rule, can significantly reduce the number of medications used.
Even if we imagine that the possibilities of using dietary supplements in the treatment process are limited to just such a result, this already deserves the most serious attention.
Practitioners have neither the opportunity nor the need to delve into the details of the disputes that arise between supporters of the use of pharmaceuticals (who do not recognize the merits of dietary supplements) and active propagandists of the use of dietary supplements (sometimes unreasonably belittling the merits of pharmaceuticals). One can try to move away from the currently prevailing tradition of dividing medicinal preparations into preparations of etiological, pathogenetic and symptomatic action and propose a slightly different approach. Pharmaceuticals can be regarded as fast-acting and, as a rule, rather powerful regulators of functions. At the same time, parapharmaceutical dietary supplements (the amount of the main active ingredient in dietary supplements, by definition, is less than the therapeutic dose established for pharmaceuticals) should be recognized as means by which a long-term and “soft” regulatory effect on the functioning of organs and systems is carried out. And dietary supplements-nutraceuticals (defined as means designed to compensate for the insufficient intake of certain biologically active substances with food) can be considered as means that allow you to normalize the work of “metabolic conveyors” and, thereby, not only create prerequisites for restoring the normal functioning of organs and systems , but also ensuring the implementation of this process.
With such an assessment of the role of various types of drugs, the conclusion suggests itself: it is hardly necessary to oppose the use of these drugs in such a fundamental way (some as preventive measures, others as therapeutic agents). It seems much more appropriate, adequately assessing the capabilities of these two groups, to combine their use in the treatment process.
This communication presents short review BAA with micronutrients containing vitamins and vitamin-like substances.
Vitamin A (carotenes and carotenoids)
Fat-soluble vitamin A is found only in animal products. Provitamin activity is also contained in plants. Other substances that make up a large group of carotenoids (for last years more than 500 of them are described), are used as antioxidants and do not have provitamin activity. Vitamin A itself, in addition to antioxidant activity, is involved in the production visual pigments and promotes regeneration epithelial cells. It is mainly used in ophthalmic and dermatological practice.
In addition, vitamin A contributes to the production of sex hormones and increases the overall resistance of the body. The use of vitamin A in neurology is primarily associated with its participation in the mechanisms that stabilize blood sugar levels. It is advisable to use preparations containing vitamin A, with complex treatment convulsive syndrome.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is involved in the exchange of calcium and phosphorus, which are extremely important for the functioning of the brain. Helps to enhance the action of drugs that cause antidepressant, sedative and hypnotic effects. It is prescribed for sleep disorders, as well as in combination with antidepressants and sedatives.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C has an antitoxic effect due to its activating effect on the detoxification enzyme systems of the liver.
At the same time, vitamin C has an anti-atherogenic effect, increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Vitamin C, reducing the likelihood of a platelet aggregation reaction, helps maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and, by strengthening capillaries, has a normalizing effect on the blood supply to the brain. Directly participating in the synthesis of hormones of the adrenal cortex, it contributes to an adequate response to increased stress.
Of great importance is its ability to restore the oxidized forms of vitamins A and E - fat-soluble antioxidants and, thus, take part in the protection of cell membrane phospholipids from the damaging effects of oxidants.
The listed functions of vitamin C are extremely important for ensuring the normal functioning of the brain. Of great interest are data on the effect of vitamin C on the formation of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and endorphins, which indicates its direct effect on the psycho-emotional state. Along with independent application Vitamin C is also included in the complex of antioxidant preparations.
Bioflavonoids (a group of substances with P-vitamin activity)
The main function of bioflavonoids (of which there are already about 4000 today) is the antioxidant protection of tissues. Speaking about the role of antioxidants in ensuring the functioning of the brain, the following should be kept in mind.
The brain, which has an extensive network of small blood vessels, is one of the main "targets" of the atherosclerotic process. It is the brain tissues that are richest in lipid fractions and therefore, to a greater extent than other tissues, are damaged during the development of the process of lipid peroxidation. Bioflavonoids have a pronounced angioprotective effect (as hyaluronidase inhibitors) and are usually used in conjunction with vitamin C.
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is involved in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Important from the point of view of ensuring the functioning of the nervous system, the functions of vitamin B1 are its particularly significant role in the aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates and, thus, in providing neurons with energy, as well as the participation of vitamin B1 (together with coenzyme A) in the synthesis of acetylcholine. A lack of vitamin B1 can manifest itself as increased fatigue, a decrease in the level of intellectual activity, the appearance of absent-mindedness, which is accompanied by a long and steady decrease in mood. It is recommended to use it as a prophylactic in order to avoid the appearance of periods of decreased mental performance during high intellectual workload (study, scientific work, etc.).
Niacin ( a nicotinic acid, vitamin PP)
Niacin helps to provide brain cells with oxygen and is used in the reactions of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, during which energy is produced. With a lack of niacin in the body, the expenditure of tryptophan for these purposes increases, which can lead to a decrease in the amount of synthesized serotonin.
Therefore, niacin deficiency can manifest itself as sleep disturbances, a predominance of low and depressed mood, a tendency to develop anxiety. depressive states. The drug in appropriate doses is used for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Niacin reduces anxiety and improves sleep. In combination with other drugs, it is used in the treatment of depression. Niacin is also used in the treatment of migraine.
After taking the drug, there may be a feeling of heat and redness of the skin (a short-term vasodilating effect of the drug), sometimes accompanied by the appearance of rashes such as urticaria. As a result, it is advisable to start the course of treatment with half doses of the drug. Taking aspirin when the first signs of a reaction appear in most cases allows you to stop the side effects of the drug.
Niacinamide
Niacinamide, unlike niacin, does not have a pronounced lipid-lowering effect. It also does not have a pronounced vasodilating effect and, accordingly, does not cause a feeling of heat and redness of the skin. In terms of its effect on the level of serotonin produced and the development of the corresponding symptoms, it acts in the same way as niacin. In combination with other drugs, it is used in the treatment of depression. Reduces anxiety levels, improves sleep.
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) is a component of coenzyme A, one of the most versatile coenzymes in the body. Coenzyme A is involved in the reactions of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, in particular in the reactions of glucose breakdown, the synthesis of phospholipids and neurotropic amino acids, which are important for the functioning of the brain, and also in the process of converting choline to acetylcholine. It helps to restore the working capacity of the nervous system after suffering psycho-emotional stress. It is possible to use the drug prophylactically to maintain the working capacity of the nervous system (lack of vitamin B5 leads to inadequately rapid development of fatigue).
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 promotes the uptake of glucose by brain cells. Participates in the metabolism of such important amino acids for brain function as glutamic acid and tryptophan, contributes to the normalization of the production of neurotransmitters - dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. It is necessary for the normal functioning of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Improves the detoxification function of the liver. As a rule, when prescribing drugs containing amino acids to a patient, vitamin B6 is also prescribed at the same time.
Used in the treatment of depression. It has a beneficial effect on memory and attention disorders. It is advisable to use the drug in the treatment of pathological addiction to alcohol.
Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Sufficient intake of PABA is necessary for normal metabolism in brain cells. She plays important role in the process of digestion of proteins, promotes the formation of folic acid, increases the effectiveness of vitamin B5. The lack of PABA can be manifested by the appearance of a persistent feeling of fatigue, “lack of strength”, there is also no need for physical activity. In some cases, taking PABA can improve the patient's performance, prevent excessively rapid development of fatigue, or save the patient from fatigue.
Vitamin B complex
Vitamins of group “B” (B1, B2 and B6) are involved in various stages of glucose metabolism, i.e. the process of providing cells with energy directly depends on their activity. B vitamins are involved in the synthesis of a number of neurotransmitters. Actively spent on psycho-emotional stress. The drug normalizes metabolic processes in the brain, normalizes the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Reduces the adverse effect of psycho-emotional stress. Increases mental and physical performance. Normalizes the emotional state and mood.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E improves peripheral circulation, reduces blood clotting and normalizes capillary permeability. As an antioxidant, it prevents the oxidation of fat-soluble vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prevents the permeability of cell membranes. It is used as a means of preventing the development of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels and reducing the likelihood of complications of atherosclerosis.
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 - the "ubiquitous quinone" (ubiquinone) - promotes the movement of oxygen into the cell and the accumulation of ATP molecules in the mitochondria. For the discovery and study of this process, the American scientist Peter Mitchell was awarded in 1978 Nobel Prize. The effect of the use of preparations containing Q10 is to increase the functionality, first of all, of the heart muscle, as well as other organs that actively consume energy - the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Has a hypotensive effect. Protects the mitochondrial apparatus of cells from damage by free radicals, and also protects cell membrane lipids from peroxidation (the antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10 is higher than that of vitamin E). It has geroprotector properties. In neurological practice, it is used to improve performance. For better absorption, the drug is recommended to be taken simultaneously with the use of fatty foods.
Kremlin medicine. Clinical Bulletin" No. 3, 1999"... food should be considered not only as a source of energy and plastic substances, but also as a very complex pharmacological complex"
Academician A.A. Pokrovsky
Systematic epidemiological studies, conducted by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in various regions of Russia over the past few years, have revealed significant deviations in the diet of Russians from the formula for a balanced diet, primarily in terms of the consumption of micronutrients - vitamins, microelements, unsaturated fatty acids, and many others. organic compounds vegetable and animal origin, having importance in the regulation of the metabolic process and the functions of individual organs and systems.
It is clear to nutritionists that using the most common set of food products in our country, with the optimal energy value of food at the level of 2200 kcal / day for women and 2600 kcal / day for men (corresponding to the daily energy expenditure characteristic of the average Russian and not causing obesity), it is not possible to provide the body with irreplaceable nutritional factors.
The consequence of this is the presence in the population of a large number of people, on the one hand, with overweight - one of the leading risk factors for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and on the other hand, with reduced non-specific resistance to adverse environmental factors and immunodeficiencies. The composition of modern food products forces doctors to solve a dilemma: reduce the intake of food containing excess saturated fats, monosaccharides and salt in order to prevent atherosclerosis, obesity and hypertension, thereby exacerbating the deficiency of essential micronutrients, or increase the amount of food eaten, eliminating micronutrient deficiency, but sharply increasing the risk of the above "diseases of civilization".
From these positions, in the process of optimizing the nutrition of the population on present stage three possible ways rationalization. The first way consists in the strict selection of the daily diet from high-quality food products with a clear preponderance of plant products over animals. This is the classic and most natural way, used for thousands of years. However, given the depletion of unreasonable soil management, the widespread use of herbicides and the subsequent irrational storage, even untreated plant products are an unsatisfactory source of micronutrients, covering only 60-70% of the daily requirement. In addition, some essential nutrients have recently ceased to enter the diet of many Russians due to the narrowing of the range of food products used, caused by their sharp rise in price. The second way is the creation of food products with a given chemical composition and properties, or the so-called enrichment. food products essential nutrients. Unfortunately, compared to the countries of Europe and North America, there are still catastrophically few such products produced in Russia, both in quantity and in assortment. Another problem is that some of the micronutrients added to such foods can be destroyed during the production process, which makes it difficult to accurately dose them. And, finally, the third way consists in the wide production and introduction of biologically active additives to food (BAA), which, as a supplement to the diet, contain in a small volume a complex of daily necessary plastic and regulatory substances of plant, mineral and animal origin. According to many scientists and practitioners in Russia and abroad, the widespread use of dietary supplements is perhaps the only fastest, economically acceptable and scientifically sound way to solve the seemingly fatal problem of the end of the 20th century related to nutrition, since it does not require a radical restructuring food industry and agriculture and can be implemented using the existing capacities of food and pharmaceutical production. In addition, already produced dietary supplements can be quickly transported to any region, including remote areas of the North and Siberia, zones of ecological trouble, and the shelf life of dietary supplements significantly exceeds those of traditional and modified food products.
Problem history
In addition to the question of changing the existing vicious nutrition system, which has aggravated in all countries over the past 20 years, there were other reasons that led to the rapid development of a new border area between dietetics and pharmacology, which was called pharmaconutritiology, or the science of treatment with individual micronutrients and their balanced complexes ( and not classic food, as is typical for diet therapy).
Firstly, major discoveries were made in the field of nutrition itself, which significantly expanded our understanding of the essential nutritional factors and almost doubled their total number. Secondly, this was facilitated by the successes of bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology, which made it possible to obtain biologically active components in a sufficiently purified form from almost any biosubstrate (plant, animal, mineral). Thirdly, it is necessary to note the success of pharmacology, which has deciphered the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of most essential nutritional factors. Fourthly, the production of dietary supplements for a number of manufacturers turned out to be simply more economical than synthetic drugs, since the production itself is much cheaper, and the population (with an appropriate level of information support) constantly buys additives for preventive purposes, unlike drugs, purchased only in the presence of a specific disease.
Currently, in developed countries around the world, experiencing the same problems with unbalanced diets as Russia, dietary supplements are produced and consumed on a huge scale, which made it possible to significantly affect the health of entire nations.
Russia also, despite the difficult economic situation, is taking a number of measures to widely introduce foreign dietary supplements that have proven themselves positively and, of course, to produce domestic ones. It should be noted that certain successes have already been achieved along this path: Government program in the field of nutrition" was compiled taking into account the widespread use of dietary supplements, interesting Russian developments in this area have appeared, thanks to the efforts of doctors and funds mass media there was a whole group of people who systematically use dietary supplements for the purpose of prevention, many medical institutions began to show interest in this group of drugs in terms of their use in complex treatment and rehabilitation. However, unfortunately, due to the lack of appropriate methodical literature and special periodicals on this issue, the lack of a course on pharmaconutrition in the system of higher education, our country continues to lag behind economically developed countries by almost an order of magnitude in terms of the scale of use of dietary supplements.
Definition, modern classification and role of dietary supplements
According to order No. 117 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of April 15, 1997 "On the procedure for the examination and hygienic certification of biologically active food supplements", biologically active food supplements are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances intended for direct intake or introduction into the composition food products in order to enrich the human diet with individual bioactive substances and their complexes. Dietary supplements are obtained from plant, animal and mineral raw materials, as well as by chemical or biotechnological methods. They also include enzymes and bacterial preparations(eubiotics), which have a regulatory effect on the microflora gastrointestinal tract. Dietary supplements are produced in the form of extracts, infusions, balms, isolates, powders, dry and liquid concentrates, syrups, tablets, capsules and other forms. The use of dietary supplements allows you to:
According to the composition, mechanisms of action and indications for use, biologically active additives can be divided into two categories. large groups- nutraceuticals and parapharmaceuticals.
Nutraceuticals - means to compensate for the deficiency of essential (indispensable, i.e. not synthesized in the human body and obtained only with food) nutritional factors:
Distinctive features of dietary supplements of this group:
However, given the specific role of a number of essential nutritional factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases, with an already developed pathology, nutraceuticals become effective tools for therapy and rehabilitation, often no less effective than a number of pharmaceuticals, while maintaining their most important advantage - safety with long-term use. So, polyunsaturated fatty acids are actively used as anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and ulcer-healing agents, vitamin-like substances coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine - as cardiotonic, amino acids methionine and cysteine - as hepatoprotectors, trace elements chromium and zinc - as hypoglycemic agents.
According to their composition, nutraceuticals can be conditionally divided into several functional subgroups that differ in the specific tasks they solve:
The use of dietary supplements from the group of nutraceuticals in clinical practice is necessary for doctors of all specialties, without exception, since the tasks solved by this group of dietary supplements relate to the fundamental issues of maintaining the constancy of the internal environment and resistance to adverse effects external factors any character:
To solve these problems using only synthetic pharmaceuticals, as world experience has shown, is not possible, especially at the stage of prevention and for long periods of time.
The second large and no less important and interesting group of dietary supplements from a clinical point of view are parapharmaceuticals - a class of drugs that are closer to natural-based drugs than to food and allow them to purposefully influence the function of individual organs and systems. Many dietary supplements from this group are distinguished from drugs of a similar composition only by a significantly lower daily dose of active ingredients. If nutraceuticals can be used by patients both on the recommendation of a doctor and in many situations on their own, then parapharmaceuticals should be prescribed by a specialist and require additional knowledge from the doctor, primarily in the field of phytopharmacology.
It can be very conditionally divided this group BAA for the following functional subgroups:
The ingredients of dietary supplements of this group, as a rule, are medicinal and food plants growing in Russia and other countries of the world, such as, for example, the well-known hawthorn, ginseng, eleutherococcus, mint, valerian, dandelion, buckthorn, and less familiar, exotic - Asian shieldwort ("Gotu Kola"), ginkgo biloba, kava kava pepper, cat's claw, sarsaparilla and many others. In addition, to enhance and modify the effect, certain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, bee products (propolis, royal jelly), proteolytic and antioxidant enzymes, omega-3 PUFAs, extracts and extracts from organs of cattle and hydrobionts are introduced into a number of drugs. , homeopathic complexes. The result is often a drug consisting of several dozen components, providing a multifaceted effect. An important advantage This type of dietary supplement is that due to the multicomponent composition, positive drugs are enhanced. Often, both doctors and patients have reasonable questions about the higher cost of dietary supplements compared to traditional ones. drug fees of a similar composition, which are simply finely chopped and dried parts of plants, further processing of which occurs at home, most often by extraction hot water or alcohol. However, when comparing these two groups of similar composition, dietary supplements always show greater efficiency, sometimes differing by an order of magnitude. The answer lies, no doubt, in technology. As it turned out, the most sparing from the point of view of preserving the active ingredients and the most complete from the point of view of their use is finely dispersed (pulverized) grinding of plant parts with special mills after freezing or freeze-drying, rather than extracting the ingredients with water, alcohol or ether. On the example of many medicinal plants, it has been proved that it is optimal to use the whole complex of substances found in the plant cell, and not individual isolated components. This approach allows you to repeatedly enhance the beneficial properties of raw materials, avoid overdoses, side effects and allergic reactions. Naturally, the high-tech modern production of dietary supplements from the group of parapharmaceuticals, approaching the complexity of the production of pharmaceuticals, not only increases their final cost, but also greatly increases clinical efficiency while maintaining a high degree of non-toxicity.
Common features characteristic of this group of dietary supplements:
The role of dietary supplements in clinical practice
Analysis of numerous literature data of recent years allows us to conclude that the proposed way to solve the problem under discussion is a serious tool for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, endocrine system and many others. Let us briefly dwell on the existing experience and prospects for the use of dietary supplements in various fields of practical medicine.
In cardiology- Dietary supplements containing a number of cardiotropic vitamins and vitamin-like substances, macro- and microelements, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ginkgo biloba plants, cayenne pepper, white willow bark, hawthorn, garlic showed high efficiency in complex therapy and prevention, providing a clinically significant cardioprotective effect , increase contractility myocardium, normalization lipid spectrum blood plasma, a mild decrease in blood pressure, correction of microcirculation disorders, rhythm restoration. Many dietary supplements used to correct disorders of the cardiovascular system, as shown by many years of clinical experience in our country and abroad, are often no less effective than a number of pharmaceuticals traditionally used in the treatment of systemic atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial dystrophy. A number of so-called "mitochondrial diseases" leading to profound cardiac dysfunction can only be treated with coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine.
In gastroenterology- dietary supplements containing multicomponent protein-vitamin-mineral nutritional complexes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes, eubiotics, motility regulators, hepatoprotectors, choleretic plants have been successfully and for a long time used in combination with pharmaceuticals for the treatment and secondary prevention of ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, constipation, dysbacteriosis, enzyme deficiency, biliary dyskinesia, malabsorption syndrome. It should be noted separately the high efficiency of a number of dietary supplements as a means of complex non-surgical treatment of cholelithiasis, as well as the restoration and maintenance of liver function after acute hepatitis, as drugs of choice in the treatment chronic hepatitis.
In pulmonology Dietary supplements, as a rule, are auxiliary means that enhance the effect of the use of antibiotics and leveling side effects in the form of dysbacteriosis. Many specialists actively use eubiotics, proteolytic enzymes - parapharmaceuticals with expectorant, anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, mucolytic action in the complex treatment and prevention of acute and chronic non-specific diseases of the lungs and bronchi. A number of dietary supplements containing plants with a steroid-like effect (yucca, dioscorea, licorice), as well as omega-3 PUFAs and magnesium, have recently been successfully used by a number of clinics as part of treatment bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis.
In rheumatology, given the multiple side effects, and sometimes the direct toxic effects of most basic-acting pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements are beginning to play an increasing role as promising safe means for chondroprotection (glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate), reducing the severity of the inflammatory process (omega-3 PUFAs, proteolytic enzymes, plants - devil's claw, hydrangea tree, yucca), immunomodulation (preparations from plants echinacea, cat's claw, microalgae, spirulina, ant tree bark ), for effective remineralization (horsetail, kelp, oats). Already now it is really possible to reduce the doses of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids when combined with a number of dietary supplements.
In endocrinology Dietary supplements are effectively used in monotherapy of overweight patients, in the complex therapy of both types of diabetes mellitus (allowing to reduce the dose of insulin administered and oral hypoglycemic agents), for the prevention and treatment of endemic goiter, hypothyroidism. It is also important that the systemic use of dietary supplements from the group of nutraceuticals is, as shown by long-term Scientific research, an effective way to prevent many diseases of the endocrine system.
In neurological practice Dietary supplements play an important role, providing, firstly, maintaining the optimal micronutrient composition in the central and peripheral nervous system(neurotropic vitamins, microelements, amino acids, phospholipids), and secondly, mild regulation of impaired functions using tonic (eleutherococcus, ginseng, aralia, Chinese magnolia vine) and sedative (valerian, skullcap, hops, kava kava) plants. Of undoubted interest is also the clinical experience of the last few years on the use of the Asian thyroid plant (Gotu Kola) for the treatment of intracranial hypertension, ginkgo biloba plants for the treatment of asthenic syndrome, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, to delay the progression of senile dementia.
Interesting clinical results have been achieved in recent years on the use of dietary supplements in complex treatment urinary tract diseases (urolithiasis, chronic pyelonephritis), chronic inflammatory diseases male and female reproductive system, infertility, secondary immunodeficiencies , for primary and secondary prevention oncological diseases and improving tolerability of specific treatments. Dietary supplements from the group of nutraceuticals are the most promising in terms of safety and efficacy for use in obstetrics and neonatology for the correction of disorders of the uteroplacental circulation, the fight against preeclampsia, anemia in pregnant women and hypogalactia. Given the strictest anti-doping controls in sports, adaptogens plant origin(ginseng, eleutherococcus, aralia, bee pollen), vitamin and mineral complexes, amino acids are the only acceptable means of increasing physical endurance and strength, officially adopted by the Russian and International Federations of Sports Medicine.
Promising is the widespread introduction of dietary supplements in pediatrics and gerontology, since it is precisely this contingent of patients that is often difficult to tolerate even short-term therapy with synthetic drugs, not to mention long-term, sometimes lifelong treatment with several drugs. The use of natural remedies opens up wide opportunities for preventing polypharmacy, reducing the risk of developing allergic reactions, the toxic effects of a number of chemotherapy drugs, and significantly reducing the doses used. The so-called states of maladaptation or "predisease", many functional disorders of organs and systems, the consequences of environmental disasters and prolonged exposure to occupational hazards can be successfully corrected only with the use of dietary supplements.
There is no doubt that further development new direction, located at the intersection of pharmacology and nutrition, will lead to even more interesting results in the prevention and curative medicine new third millennium.
Dear reader, of course, understands that it is not realistic to describe in detail all aspects of the possible use of dietary supplements in various fields of clinical medicine within the framework of one article. For more complete coverage of this issue, thematic publications on the most topical issues private pharmaconutrition.
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In September, Russia hosted the first ONF Forum dedicated to health issues. Public councils have also been formed under the relevant ministries. Can the population really influence government policy on health issues? What formats can bring the greatest impact?
Expert opinion of the School for Citizenship Activation (STEP) coordinator Sergei Chudakov - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General medical practice(family medicine), member working group on Public Health of the Commission on Quality of Life and Health Protection of the Social Platform of the WFP "United Russia" - RAD.
- The emergence of various kinds of public associations on health issues is not an exclusively public initiative. I must say that at the state level there are legal documents that regulate the creation and functioning of public expert councils. Such associations exist under various departments, not only in health care, and should control the work of the department from the public side.
At its core, public councils are the right idea. But the established mechanism of their formation does not correspond to the functions that were assigned to them. Namely, to broadcast people's opinion through representatives in public councils. As practice shows, the majority of representatives represent no one but themselves. Either these are small local public organizations with 10-30 members trying to promote something. Or retired officials. These people, as a rule, do not express the opinions of the majority. Which leads to the problem: departments are on their own, people are on their own. Such councils do not have a real impact on the work of departments. Rather, they are a formal entity that enables the department to report that it complies with regulatory guidelines.
The same can be attributed to public councils under the ministries of health. These are precisely the structures “at the ministries” that do not conduct an independent dialogue.
It's good that the ONF forum made an attempt to solve this problem and rely on people's controllers. But one control will not solve the problem. We need to build, we need change. And such a constructive mechanism needs to be formed.
It should have two supports. The first is public health strategizing. The second is interdepartmental interaction, in which the policy of any ministries - social, economic - is formed taking into account whether decisions will lead to a deterioration in health. Because it is known that doctors are already dealing with the result, and problems begin in areas far from healthcare.
As for popular strategizing, this is such a technology of working with civil society that gives it a real opportunity to influence politics and participate in decision-making. After all, it is the population that is the main customer of the national health care system. Therefore, it should form the agenda - what the system should be like. The same technology is being implemented, which has been developed and already tested in a number of regions by the "School of Citizenship Activation", through strategic, project sessions. Such events bring together people of different social and demographic groups, various communities, including professional ones. A wide representation allows taking into account the entire palette of problems, opinions, approaches and forming an image of the future: what kind of people would like to see a health care system.
And one of the main results of applying the folk strategizing format is the people who formed new image ready to participate in the events that would make it real. It’s not just that they cut tasks for someone, but they have their own initiatives that they want and can translate into deeds.
I note that such an ideology fits into the concept of "public health". Similar norms and scenarios are already being applied in foreign countries. And in Russia it is necessary to create a similar system. To get out of the zone in which only doctors are responsible for health. The main customer of the state health policy should be the population.
