When is the balance sheet submitted (deadlines, nuances). What can you learn about your health by taking a blood test? Expert advice How much do they pay for blood donation?

Few people in modern world, can boast about their health. Even those who consider their health to be relatively strong can often be mistaken, since many diseases in the early stages occur without pronounced symptoms.

The only preventive measure that can be used to identify diseases in the early stages of development is a blood test.

A patient who regularly undergoes a general blood test is much more likely to detect them at the stage of their inception. Early diagnosis of diseases allows for the most effective treatment for the patient, preventing the disease from manifesting its complications.

Unfortunately, the modern rhythm of life leaves almost no time for working women and men to monitor their health and take preventive tests. As a rule, patients come to the laboratory with a referral from a doctor, and not on their own initiative.

And this is very serious problem modern society. Taking preventive tests can save lives by, for example, detecting cancer at an early stage.

Where to get tested

As a rule, when applying to public medical institutions, doctors give a referral for analysis to the structures of these institutions.

Some patients question the results obtained in these institutions, since they do not have modern equipment and the flow of people is too large (there is a high probability of error).

If you are tormented by such doubts, then you can contact private clinics.

When choosing a private laboratory in which you plan to undergo examination, be guided by the following criteria:

• It is better if the laboratory uses modern vacuum tubes. They are absolutely safe for both the patient and the laboratory assistant. Besides, vacuum tube provides excellent preservation of collected blood.
• Before taking the test, you can clarify all points of interest with the staff. Namely: an establishment license; analysis technology; analysis techniques. If for some reason, this information are not provided, then you should think about the reputation of the laboratory.
• When collecting blood, pay attention to whether the barcode is indicated on the tube. Its application eliminates the possibility that your biomaterial will be confused with the biomaterial of another patient.

When contacting private clinics, you should also pay attention to the reputation of the institution. A laboratory that is not assigned to medical institutions can guarantee the objectivity and impartiality of the analysis results.

On the other hand, a laboratory that is assigned to a particular medical institute or large hospital may have a good proven reputation.

How often should you get tested?

Recommended cyclicity in delivery general analysis blood depends on the patient’s age and health complaints.

All doctors clearly state that it is necessary to take a blood test even if you have

A general blood test is an effective preventative measure to prevent a wide range of diseases.

The table shows data on how often it is necessary to donate blood at different age periods if the patient has no complaints:

A separate schedule of examinations for young children. Since their body grows very quickly, and changes occur in it every day.

Children's blood is taken immediately after birth, then at 1 month, then every 3 months until 3 years. Upon reaching 3 summer age the examination must be completed every year.

The World Health Organization also recommends periodic blood testing between 25 and 35 years of age. During this period, according to statistics, an increased number of sexually transmitted infections are diagnosed.

From 35 to 55 years of age, the risk of developing heart failure increases. Therefore, preventive examinations can be made more frequent. In women, which can cause many pathologies.

After 50 years, To all other diseases, the risk of occurrence is added. The probability of cancer increases by 90% every year after 50 years.

What diseases can be determined by a blood test?

Remember that almost 50% of diseases (that is, every second) can be detected using tests before it shows its first symptoms.

To do this, you just need to regularly monitor your health and get tested.

Based on the results of blood sampling, the following diseases can be identified:

1. Cancerous neoplasms. for decades and not make itself felt. But from the moment malignant cells appear, special tumor markers are present in the blood, indicating cancer.
2. Chronic infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis). Some bacteria can live locally in the body without causing harm, but when they are carried by the blood to other systems, they can cause
3. Sexual infections. Sexually transmitted diseases may also not manifest themselves immediately. The most dangerous thing in this case is the fact that the infected patient considers himself healthy and can continue to infect other partners. A blood test can make a diagnosis before
4. Atherosclerosis. This is a disease that also develops over many years. Symptoms begin to appear after atherosclerotic plaques reach impressive sizes. By taking a blood test on time, this disease can be cured, even before plaques appear.

It is worth noting that the possibilities modern medicine big enough. And many diseases, including those, are treated in advanced stages. But every patient needs to understand that the more serious the stage of the disease, the more harmful complications its treatment will cause for the body.

Heavy and chronic consequences with the listed diseases cannot be avoided. In addition, once diagnosed, curing the patient is impossible. Treatment only eliminates pain and alleviates the patient's condition. After this, life expectancy is measured at a maximum of one dozen years.

A serious alternative to the above facts is to take a routine blood test, which indicates the appearance of unhealthy pathologies in the body.

“Until thunder strikes, a man will not cross himself” - this folk wisdom is excellent for characterizing the attitudes of the majority of our compatriots towards preventive examinations at the doctor's. Yes, yes, most of us go to the clinic only if something is wrong with our health. Perhaps this is caused by a lack of time and a reluctance to sit in queues, and sometimes by the attitude of the doctors themselves towards people who, being healthy, for some reason showed up for an appointment and demanded that they be prescribed tests... In fact, responsible therapists only welcome preventive testing, after all, it is in this way that diseases can be identified early stage, which means successfully treating them. But if you really don’t want to go to district clinic, and there is a financial opportunity - get tested in an independent laboratory or private medical center. As a rule, there are no queues there, and all the necessary equipment for research is available.

Now let’s talk about what the minimum tests are and how often a healthy person needs to be tested.

We rent every year!

1. General clinical analysis blood - yes, the same one, from a finger. It will show the level of hemoglobin - the presence or absence of anemia and other blood diseases. In addition, the ESR reaction (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and the leukocyte level will tell whether there is an inflammatory process in the body.
2. Biochemical blood test - to determine the level of total cholesterol and its fractions and identify cardiovascular diseases at an early stage.
3. Blood sugar test. Very important analysis, since it makes it possible to diagnose the development of such dangerous disease like diabetes. In old age, it is recommended to take this test, as well as biochemistry, twice a year.
4. General clinical urine test - it evaluates the condition genitourinary system person and the likelihood of developing certain diseases. The density of urine determines the nature of the kidneys, and sugar or acetone in the urine indicates the presence diabetes mellitus or phenylketonuria.
5. Electrocardiogram - to find out how the heart works.
6. Hormone analysis thyroid gland and ultrasound of this organ is recommended to be done regularly for residents of those areas where there is a natural iodine deficiency, and there are many of them in our country.

If desired, you can take a blood test for markers of hepatitis B and C, tumor markers and HIV. This is especially recommended for those who get tattoos and often visit the dentist.

Once every two years it is worth doing fluorography. With its help, you can detect not only the development of pulmonary tuberculosis, but also the presence malignant tumors, as well as diseases of the pleura. However, if necessary, it can be done once a year - modern digital equipment allows you to avoid harm to health.

After 45–50 years, the list of mandatory annual reviews two more need to be included: gastroscopy and colonoscopy (examination of the large intestine), which allow timely detection of stomach and colon cancer.

This is a list of tests for both women and men. But there are also analyzes “by gender” and they also cannot be neglected.

Tests for women

1. Examination of the mammary glands: up to 35–40 years of age, it is enough to undergo an ultrasound; for women older than this age, a mammogram.
2. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs to detect tumors and inflammation.
3. Colposcopy is an examination of cervical tissue to exclude oncology.
4. Analysis of vaginal flora (smear) for the presence of infections.
5. Analysis for papillomavirus.

In addition to getting tested, women are recommended to visit a gynecologist once a year.

For men

1. Analysis on hidden infections– especially recommended for those who often change sexual partners.
2. Hormone analysis - determines not only the causes sexual dysfunction, but also necessary for timely detection serious illnesses, for example, such as cirrhosis of the liver.
3. Examination of the prostate and blood test for the concentration of PSA - prostate-specific antigen. This analysis becomes especially relevant in mature age, after 40–45 years, when the risk of developing prostatitis increases.
4. Analysis for micro- and macroelements - for men it is mandatory; Not only the general well-being of a man, but also his potency depends on their level.

The question of how many times a year you can donate your blood without harm to your health usually arises among those who decide to become a donor.

How often can I get tested?

How often can I get my blood tested? This is usually of interest to people suffering from diseases that require constant monitoring of certain indicators; pregnant women; patients in hospital. These categories of people have to donate blood frequently, in some cases even daily.

You can donate blood for analysis without restrictions.

Doctors say that the amount of material taken for analysis from a finger or from a vein is too small to negatively affect the condition of the body. Almost all patients easily tolerate this procedure and do not notice the loss at all.

Donation

Donors are people who voluntarily donate blood, which will subsequently be used in clinical practice, for the manufacture of its components and medicines, for educational and research purposes.

Donation involves taking a fairly large volume at a time, and this can affect the health and well-being of the donor. Therefore, the donor must have certain parameters: this healthy man from 18 to 60 years old, weighing at least 50 kg, passed medical examination.

Frequency standards for donating material have been established for donors

Principles of donation

Voluntary donation of blood for transfusion to other people requires strict control, since we are talking about the health and lives of people, both the donors themselves and the recipients. Participants' rights are reserved for state level and are enshrined in law. The basic principles of the Donation Law are as follows:

• ensuring material safety;
• surrender only on a voluntary basis;
• ensuring the health of the donor;
• social support and encouragement.

What should be the intervals between donations?

To ensure that your health does not suffer, the volume and composition of the blood must be completely restored by the next draw. On average, 450 milliliters are dispensed at a time. If the volume is replenished after 2-3 days, then it takes more time to restore the number of formed elements, usually up to 40 days. The frequency of collection depends on the type of donation. Today, not only whole blood is required, but also plasma, platelets and erythrocytes, and leukocytes. The rules in each of these cases are slightly different.

Whole blood

The collection procedure for women and men is not the same:

1. Women can donate blood no more than four times a year, that is, once every three months.
2. Men are allowed to do this more often - five times a year.

There may be exceptions to any rule, for example, if a relative urgently needs a transfusion. In this case, an additional donation may be allowed, but the minimum period between procedures should be one month.

Plasma

To obtain plasma, whole blood is taken and separated shaped elements and return them back to the donor. Without harm to health, plasma can be donated no more than once every two weeks. In this case, no more than 12 liters of material can be taken per year.

Red blood cells

The donation of red blood cells is called erythrocytopheresis. This procedure can be done no more than once every six months, despite the fact that the red cells are restored in about a month.

Platelets

Only regular and verified donors are allowed to donate platelets. This component can be taken no more than once every two weeks.

Leukocytes

Leukocyte donation is the rarest procedure; it is usually performed on request for a specific patient. In this case, granulocytes are taken, and this can be done no more than once every two weeks.

There are restrictions for those who take all components:

1. After collecting whole blood, platelets and plasma can be donated no earlier than one month later.
2. Collection of red blood cells after donating whole blood is allowed only after three months.
3. Permission to combine different types Donation is given on an individual basis, taking into account the characteristics of the person.
4. After 4-5 samples of components, you need to take a break for at least three months.

Medical institutions require different components, and each of them has its own standards for the frequency of delivery

Why being a donor is not harmful

A donor who donates a decent portion of material may not worry about his health for the following reasons:

1. Donating the amount of blood required by law is not at all dangerous for a healthy person.
2. After surrender the person is under observation medical personnel and can receive at any time qualified assistance, but, as a rule, most people who choose to donate tolerate the procedure normally.
3. The law provides for the provision of free food and paid days necessary for recovery.

Conclusion

There are no restrictions for testing due to the small amount of material taken. Control is only necessary during donation, when significant volumes of blood are required. In this case, if the deadlines are met and taken permissible quantity material, no harm will be caused to the health of the donor.

Blood donation

Blood donation is the voluntary, conscious donation of blood or its components. This also means all manipulations that allow us to organize and guarantee the safe procurement of delivered materials.

Depending on who they are going for, donation can be:

• directed, when blood is donated for a specific person, mainly for family members, such a procedure is rarely carried out, only if there is no supply of the required blood;
• allogeneic (homologous), in this case it is taken from the donor, stored for some time in a special bank, and then transfused to the recipient who needs it, it is also used for the production of medicines;
• autologous, when it is donated for use in the future by the same person.

Who can participate in donation?

A blood donor is a person who, of his own free will, underwent a medical examination and donated whole blood or its formed elements, plasma. In Russia there is Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 125-FZ dated July 20, 2012 “On the donation of blood and its components”, it explains what donation is, who can be a donor, what his responsibilities and benefits are.

According to Art. 12 of this law, a legally competent citizen at least 18 years old can become a donor:

• he has Russian citizenship;
• he is not a citizen of the Russian Federation (a foreigner or stateless person), but he has been living here legally for at least 12 months;
• passed a medical examination;
• which has no restrictions on donation.

How to become a blood donor

You need to come to the blood transfusion station, show a passport or other document that allows you to uniquely identify the person, fill out a questionnaire about your health and existing and past pathologies, travel abroad, medications taken, women need to indicate the date of their last menstruation, the presence or absence of pregnancy.

After this you need to undergo a medical examination. It's free. The candidate is examined by a therapist who measures blood pressure and pulse and collects anamnesis. Blood is also taken from a finger and a vein.

It is given in order to determine its group affiliation, Rh factor, detect anemia, syphilis, HIV infection, hepatitis B and C. If a person wants to undergo plasmaphoresis, then he is prescribed a more advanced analysis, which allows him to determine whether he is ready for the procedure.

If everything is fine, you can donate blood.

Restrictions

Contraindications to blood donation can be permanent (absolute) or temporary (relative).

At absolute contraindications a person can never become a donor, regardless of how long ago he suffered from a particular illness or what the results were after therapy.

These include the following blood-borne diseases:

• Hansen's disease;
• HIV infection;
• tularemia;
• tuberculosis;
• typhus;
• Bang's disease;
• hepatitis of viral etiology;
• toxoplasmosis;
• dracunculiasis;
• sleeping sickness;
• filariasis;
• leishmaniasis.

Among somatic pathologies, the absolute restrictions on donating blood are:

• hemolytic diseases;
• deaf-mute;
• organic lesions of the central nervous system;
• psychical deviations;
• alcohol and drug addiction;
• cardiovascular diseases ( arterial hypertension 2–3 degrees, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, thrombosis with inflammation of the walls of blood vessels and the formation of blood clots, spontaneous gangrene, Takayasu Syndrome, heart disease and inflammation of its membranes);
• pathology respiratory system (bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema, decompensated extensive pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis with obstruction);
• gastrointestinal diseases (achylia, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic diseases liver, inflammation of the gallbladder and bile ducts);
• kidney pathologies, kidney stones;
• severe connective tissue diseases;
• severe endocrine disorders;
• fetid runny nose, acute and chronic severe bacterial otolaryngological diseases;
• radiation sickness;
• eye pathologies (myopia from 6D, trachoma, absolute blindness, inflammation of the choroid, iris, ciliary body, retina);
• mycoses of the skin and internal organs;
• dermatological pathologies ( scaly lichen, eczema, bacterial skin lesions);
• osteomyelitis.

Also, a patient who has had any amputation cannot become a donor. internal organ or a transplant was performed.

Some people are not allowed to donate for a certain period of time:

• after drinking alcohol - 2 days;
• after taking analgesics, salicylates - 3 days;
• Women can donate blood after the end of menstrual bleeding after 5 days;
• after surgical treatment teeth, introduction inactivated vaccine- 10 days;
• after rabies vaccination, antibiotic therapy - 2 weeks;
• after administration of a live vaccine, autonomic dysfunction, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis, after relief acute attacks inflammation, disturbances in the ratio of protein fractions - 1 month;
• after relief of an allergy attack - 2 months;
• after contact with a patient suffering from Botkin's disease, completion breastfeeding, with an increase in alanine activity by a maximum of 2 times - 12 weeks;
• after traveling abroad for at least 2 months, surgical intervention, blood transfusions - six months;
• after applying a tattoo, a course of reflexology, contact with patients suffering from hepatitis B and C, typhoid fever, childbirth, immunoglobulin vaccinations against hepatitis - 12 months;
• after suffering from malaria or after traveling to countries where it is common - 3 years.

Rules for blood donation

A person planning to become a donor should know how to prepare and what not to eat before donating blood.

There are certain requirements for donating blood that must be followed:

1. At least 48 hours before blood donation, you should not drink alcohol, including drinks with low alcohol content.
2. Smoking is prohibited 2 hours before.
3. For 72 hours, you should not take pharmaceuticals based on metamizole sodium and medications that reduce blood viscosity.
4. The diet before donating blood should consist of avoiding fatty, fried, spicy, processed foods, dairy products, eggs, nuts, dates, butter and vegetable oil, meat, chocolate. They must be excluded from the menu 24 hours in advance for blood donations. Vegetables and fruits are allowed (except bananas and tangerines, lemons), cereals, pasta and baked goods, jam, fish cooked in a double boiler. When donating blood for donation, the rules read:

• Before donating blood, you need to have breakfast; you can eat porridge without milk, with the addition of honey (but not more than 1 teaspoon), fruits, dried fruits, drink sweetened tea with jam, jam, buns, cookies, dried fruits.
• To replenish blood loss, it is necessary to ensure that the body receives a sufficient amount of minerals and fluids. You need to drink before and after the procedure. It can be juices, fruit drinks, mineral water, sweet tea, coffee. It is especially important to follow a diet if blood components are donated, otherwise it is difficult to separate them.
• Eating fatty and fried foods can distort the results of the examination; chylosis is possible, in which the content of fatty particles in the bloodstream is higher than normal. This result can happen, for example, if you drink a glass of kefir on the day of delivery. Moreover, even if you drink coffee with milk in the morning, it is better not to come for blood donation, since, most likely, the analysis will show an increased fat content in the blood, and donation will be prohibited.

It is prohibited to take it during intense mental and physical stress, for example, before a state exam. Before donating, it is imperative to get enough sleep.

It has been proven that blood loss is replenished faster if blood is donated in the first half of the day; only active donors can do this in the afternoon.

How often you can donate blood depends on your gender and what is being donated: whole blood, formed elements or plasma. In the case of donating whole blood, the interval between donations should be at least 2 months, when donating its components - 1 month. It is permissible for men to donate blood a maximum of 5 times in 12 months, for women - 4.

Stages of blood donation

1. After the doctor issues a conclusion that the person can become a donor, he sits in a special chair.
2. The upper limb above the elbow is tied with a tourniquet, skin wiped with antiseptic.
3. A disposable catheter is inserted intravenously and whole blood is collected. The volume of material taken is 450 ml, and it takes no more than 10 minutes. When donating blood components, special equipment is used to separate the plasma (600–680 ml) or platelets (200 ml), and then the rest of the blood is poured back into the body. This procedure lasts 45 minutes. During blood donation, the donor can not only lie down, but also sit or recline.
4. The resulting biomaterial is collected in a special bag, from where some is sent for research. After the procedure is completed, a bandage is applied to the elbow. You can remove it after 4 hours.
5. The donor is given a certificate that he has undergone blood donation. After the procedure, he is entitled to lunch and rest.

Blood donation can be done by various schemes. The procedure for collecting plasma and platelets is quite complex.

If you donate platelets, you must go through additional examination. They are collected in two ways:

• instrumental, in which blood is taken continuously, while it is taken from one limb and poured into the second in parallel;
• intermittent, and in this case one portion of blood is taken, the formed elements are separated, and everything that remains is poured back, then the next portion is taken and everything is repeated.

This procedure is considered difficult for the donor and is prohibited by law from being performed frequently.

Plasma donation occurs in exactly the same way, but with the use of other devices, and there is no need to undergo examination before donation. When the material is taken, the plasma is separated, and a larger volume of blood is poured back into the body.

Upon completion of the procedure, you must follow a number of rules:

1. After the procedure, you need to sit for a quarter of an hour, then go to the buffet and drink tea with sugar. If you feel unwell and dizzy, you need to tell the medical staff about it. To combat dizziness, you can lie on your back and elevate lower limbs or sit down and bow your head so that it is between your knees.
2. Avoid smoking cigarettes for an hour.
3. Limit for 24 hours physical exercise and do not drink alcohol (except Cahors, but not more than 100 ml).
4. Nutrition in the first two days should be enhanced, and you should also drink a lot. Preference should be given to protein foods of plant and animal origin. It could be meat, fish, beans, lentils, eggs. The diet should contain foods that help prevent the development of anemia. To compensate for iron deficiency, you need to include pomegranates, shellfish, buckwheat, mushrooms, offal, and kelp in the menu. The least amount of it is found in milk, bananas, tomatoes, and corn. To improve iron absorption, it is necessary to consume foods containing ascorbic acid and vitamin B12. Also, during blood sampling, a loss of calcium may occur; to compensate for its deficiency, you need to consume dairy products. Can be taken pharmaceutical drugs prescribed by a doctor. For better absorption, you must take vitamin D, which is also produced under the influence of UV rays from the sun.
5. After donation, vaccination is prohibited for 10 days.
6. You can drive a car immediately, and a motorcycle after two hours.

How much do they pay for blood donation?

Some potential donors are interested in how much it costs to donate blood. Blood collection is free of charge. You can rent it out free of charge or for money. How much a donor is paid depends on whether he donates whole blood or only plasma and formed elements.

In 2013, the Ministry of Health established the following prices for blood donation:

• if there is no blood cell antigen or a rare blood phenotype, then you can get 800 rubles at a time, the size of payments can be 8–45% of the subsistence level, it depends on the blood group and the demand for it;
• when donating using apheresis, you can get 1.5 thousand rubles for 600 ml of plasma, 2.5 thousand rubles for red blood cells, 3.5 thousand rubles for platelets.

Blood taken before donation for testing is not paid for.

If a person donates blood for money, then he is not entitled to free food. Those who donate blood for free are required to feed them free of charge. Sometimes it is possible to replace free food with money, in which case the payment amount is 5% of the subsistence level.

Benefits for Honorary Donors

People are often interested in how many times they need to donate blood to receive the title “Honorary Donor”. To assign it you need free of charge:

• donate blood at least 40 times;
• donate plasma at least 60 times.

If a person is an honorary donor of Russia, then he is entitled to the following benefits prescribed in Art. 22 and 24 Federal Law “On the donation of blood and its components”:

• discounted vouchers to a sanatorium;
• if bleeding occurs during vacation, on a holiday or a day off, then he is entitled to 1 day of rest with double pay;
• paid holiday;
• opportunity to apply for medical assistance without queue;
• once a year - cash benefits, which are constantly indexed.

The benefits and harms of donation

There are many misconceptions about whether it is useful or harmful to donate blood to donors.

In general, donation is harmless to the body, since the volume of material taken is small and does not interfere with the functioning of the body. In addition, he recovers quite quickly. Yes, and the candidate undergoes a medical examination before donation, and if experts believe that donation is dangerous to his health, the person is not allowed to donate blood. The selection of donors is quite strict.

Moreover, scientists have proven that donation is beneficial for the body.

So what are the pros and cons for the body from the procedure? Pros:

• People who donate blood regularly recover more easily from blood loss, such as from injury or surgery, because their body is already used to it.
• They are less likely to experience myocardial infarction, and the heart itself and blood vessels are healthier. Blood donation is a good prevention of pathologies of cardio-vascular system.
• Regular blood donation activates the overall recovery of the body and improves blood circulation. Immunity increases, the liver is unloaded, and prevents the development of disorders of the spleen.
• Donors regularly undergo medical examinations, and therefore can identify health problems at an early stage and take timely measures to eliminate them.

But you cannot donate blood often, since the body does not recover immediately after donation. Minuses:

1. Main undesirable consequence bleeding is a drop in the level of red blood cells, which provokes anemia. Therefore, patients who often experience low level hemoglobin, it is not recommended to undergo the donation procedure. However, before the main blood draw, the candidate takes a hemoglobin test, and if the results deviate by at least 1 unit from normal values, then he simply will not be allowed to give blood.
2. Platelet concentrations usually recover fairly quickly after apheresis. However, during the procedure, sodium citrate is used as a preservative, which prevents the biomaterial from clotting, and with it the procedure goes faster. But the fact is that it binds and removes calcium from the body. To reduce the risk of mineral leaching from bone tissue During thrombocytopheresis, the donor is injected intravenously with calcium gluconate several times. If this is not done, hypocalcemia may develop, which may cause tingling in the lips, cramps, or increased blood pressure. To avoid this, after donating platelets, it is recommended to take calcium supplements for some time, for example, Kalcemin, Kaltsid, Complivit D3. It must be remembered that it is useless to take calcium gluconate in tablets, since without vitamin D it is not absorbed. Also, with frequent blood donations using thrombocytopheresis, a person may experience a citrate reaction, which consists in the fact that the donor has a hard time tolerating the introduction of the next dose of a preservative into the body, and there is a deterioration in his health both during the procedure itself and after it. Therefore, it is recommended to donate platelets no more than once every 2–3 months.
3. Donation of granulocytes began not very long ago. This is a rare procedure, and how it affects the donor’s body has not yet been studied. Some people have concerns because to stimulate bone marrow the drug Neupogen is used. However, doctors believe that a single use will not provoke any negative consequences in future, clinical trials The topic of security is still being discussed. Donors who donated granulocytes almost 10 years ago were examined; they did not reveal any prerequisites for the development of pathologies, including cancer. For some time after the granulocytes are collected, you may experience mild body aches or weakness, similar to flu-like symptoms, but these symptoms are the body's natural response to bone marrow stimulation and do not last long. Heavier adverse reactions are rarely observed after the procedure. Heparin is used instead of sodium citrate, so calcium deficiency is not observed after the procedure.
4. A hematoma may appear at the site where the needle was inserted to collect material; after the procedure, weakness and loss of consciousness may occur.

In general, the blood donation procedure is not dangerous for the body if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Blood donation (according to the Blood Service standards) is harmful to the donor’s body.

Lies! Donating blood is not harmful, but even beneficial. For those who do not have contraindications, which will be known during the initial examination. No need to mislead people!

Mikhail, why all of a sudden?

I have been donating blood for 17 years. Seven years since I became an honorary donor to Russia! I feel great and will donate blood until they kick me out. I have 86 blood donations.

I am a 40-year-old man, I started donating blood at 32 years old. Already 19 times. At first, hemoglobin was 145, but in two years it dropped to a level of less than 130. I had to take a longer break - from 90 days. Men have a minimum hemoglobin level of 130. The doctor told me to eat meat. I ate, but it didn’t help, hemoglobin was poorly restored. The female donor advised me to take Fenyuls. It's for women heavy menstruation good because it contains iron. It helps: 10 tablets - and hemoglobin is 170 (off scale, which is bad). With the first 5-8 blood donations, I felt an improvement in my health in the first hours. The golden hour, every resuscitator knows. The body detected blood loss and became active for a couple of hours. I caught a cold twice immediately after blood donation, which means that the immune system is activated for a couple of hours, and then weakens along with the body. I asked other doctors about these matters. In the state clinics are keeping a low profile, but in a commercial cardiologist he said that donating blood is harmful: blood pressure rises, and treatment is then long and expensive.

You can donate blood rarely, only for your own people. In recent months, the pressure has increased: 150 to 95, and the pulse is 105! Then everything stabilized. It’s painful to look at 20-year-old youth who are ruining their health for pennies (550 rubles) and a university certificate. All young people enter the last five-year period, but donors over 50 are generally rare, I think that they are deliberately rejected. It is necessary to limit the age of blood donation from 30 years! Bloodsuckers also reject me: either the blood is fatty or the hemoglobin is 123. It’s a 4-hour drive, and there are queues everywhere (young meat sits). It’s unprofitable and tiring, and I’m also tormented by hunger all the way. I would give up altogether, but it won’t be long before I’m an honorary donor; I’ll turn it in somehow in 10 years, and at work they pay for certificates for time off.

Donating blood is definitely harmful. That is why honorary donors are provided with benefits. From my own experience, I can personally say that with long-term and active donation and approaching 100 blood donations (especially at the donor’s age), in any case, the hemoglobin level begins to steadily drop by 10 units. These are already symptoms of exhaustion of the body. Other symptoms are loss of bone mass, calcium and microelements in teeth, endurance (due to a decrease in the level of iron protein compounds in the blood), a tendency to form blood clots (due to the fact that the body constantly produces fibrin protein to “heal wounds” during donor blood loss. And after 45 years, donation simply begins to destroy internal environment person. At the age of 45, donation becomes more dangerous than smoking.

Is it possible to become a donor if you have chronic pyelonephritis?

I am 56 years old, I am an Honorary Donor. I started donating blood while in the army, total more than 150 times. I continue to take tests and have no complaints about my body, everything is fine. We must follow the regime healthy image life, limit yourself from alcohol, smoking, play sports, in the mornings and on weekends - light jogging, walks in the forest, in winter - skating, skiing. More fresh air, and all will be well! And stop fooling people that donation is harmful. If you race and rape your body in pursuit of benefits due to donation, then you are harming yourself and causing confusion among the people! And if you do a good deed, donate blood and save lives, then respect will come to you and you will successfully earn an Honorary Donor.

Donating blood is both useful and necessary!

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How many times a year can you donate blood?

Donating blood scares many who do not know that this procedure does not pose any danger and, moreover, does not deprive a person of the required amount of red liquid. If you are contacting to different doctors for this purpose, you need to know how many times a year you can donate blood so as not to harm your body. This procedure It goes away quite quickly and often unnoticed, unless, of course, the patient has a low pain threshold. The main thing in this matter is to relax and try to distract yourself.

How often can you donate blood?

Any doctor will confirm that you cannot donate biomaterial too often. Moreover, there is no need for this. As for specific data, it is permissible for women to do this no more than 4 times a year, and for men no more than 5 times. The intervals between procedures should be at least two months. It would be desirable for the period to be longer. Individual components of the red liquid are allowed to be donated much more often. For example, plasma can be donated 12 liters per year. Exceeding this indicator is unacceptable. When donating platelets, the main thing is to maintain an interval of 2 weeks. In general, it is allowed to donate this component no more than once a month.

Indications and contraindications for donation

So, a person can donate blood by various reasons. A small amount of this fluid is given for analysis if any disease is suspected. In such a situation, the doctor takes a limited amount, and the procedure itself goes almost unnoticed. In the case of donation, when a person donates his blood for another, everything is somewhat different. Often this need arises if the patient has lost a lot of blood as a result of serious injury or internal bleeding, which can occur for various reasons. Not everyone can become a donor in such a matter.

Let's consider the list of reasons why a person is prohibited from donating biomaterial to another:

Let's find out how to prepare for donation. So, it is very important to follow the following 6 rules:

1. On the eve of the test, you should not eat spicy, fried or fatty foods. It is also undesirable to consume dairy products, sausages, sweets and eggs.
2. It is forbidden to drink alcohol, even in small quantities, for two days before the procedure. Low alcohol drinks are also prohibited.
3. It is advisable to give preference to sweet tea, freshly squeezed juice, compote and mineral water among liquids.
4. An hour before the procedure, you should drink a glass of sweet tea. You should not have a very heavy breakfast before donation.
5. Before donating, you need to get a good night's sleep and not be nervous. It is also desirable that after the manipulation the person does not need to take an exam, conduct serious negotiations, etc. It is best to go home and have a good rest until the next day.
6. You must come to the hospital with a passport, which must indicate the place of last registration.

As you can see, following these rules is absolutely easy. You should not avoid them, since the quality of the blood in this case will be low. Immediately after submitting the biomaterial, you must also take some measures in order to quickly return to normal:

• At the end of the procedure, there is no need to rush anywhere, it is advisable to sit quietly for a few minutes;
• if you feel dizzy, be sure to tell your doctor;
• smoking after donation is prohibited, however, as well as before manipulation;
• You can’t play sports during the day;
• It is advisable to drink plenty and regularly;
• You should get behind the wheel at least after 2-3 hours.

Knowing and following these rules, you are guaranteed to feel good and will not even notice that you have donated your blood to another. The main thing is not to be nervous and not to set yourself up for bad things. It is also important to ensure that doctors use only sterile equipment during the procedure. The patient should recover completely the very next day after donating the biomaterial. If he still feels any discomfort, he should consult a doctor. However, this happens extremely rarely.

Currently, the state requires that a balance be submitted only once a year: on any suitable day from March 1 to March 31. Such deadlines for submitting the balance sheet are specified in both accounting (clause 2, article 18 of the Law “On Accounting” dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ) and tax legislation (subclause 5, clause 1, article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

NOTE! The balance sheet for owners and other interested parties can be submitted at any other frequency (Clause 4, Article 13 of Law No. 402-FZ). Tax authorities do not need to submit such reports.

The balance sheet for 2019 and beyond is submitted only to the Federal Tax Service; there is no need to send it to statistics. However, most companies must now report electronically. Only SMPs can submit 2019 reports on paper, and then only for the last time.

Read more about these and other changes in the procedure for submitting accounting reports from 2020.

It is also necessary to keep in mind that from 06/01/2019 the forms of the balance sheet and other accounting records have changed. The key changes are:

• now reporting can only be prepared in thousand rubles, millions can no longer be used as a unit of measurement;
• OKVED in the header has been replaced by OKVED 2;
• The balance sheet must contain information about the audit organization (auditor).

The auditor mark should only be given to those companies that are subject to mandatory audit. Tax authorities will use it both to impose a fine on the organization itself if it ignored the obligation to undergo an audit, and in order to know from which auditor they can request information on the organization in accordance with Art. 93 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

More significant changes have occurred in Form 2. For more details, see.

What does the company face if the deadline is missed?

If you fail to submit your report on time, punishment will inevitably come. Fortunately, its value does not depend on the balance sheet, as happens in the case of a late tax return.

If you do not send the balance to the tax authorities or do it with a delay, you will be fined 200 rubles. (Clause 1 of Article 126 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Administrative penalties are also possible for officials according to paragraph 1 of Art. 15.6 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in the amount of 300-500 rubles.

For balances not submitted to the statistical authorities (before 2020), the amount of punishment was, in the case of a violation committed for the first time, 10,000-20,000 rubles. for officials and 20,000-70,000 rubles. for legal entities (clause 1 of article 13.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). For repeated offenses, fines increased respectively to 30,000-50,000 and 100,000-150,000 rubles. (clause 2 of article 13.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Typically the reporting period is one year. During this time, you need to draw up a balance sheet and submit it to all authorities within the established time frame.

But you can register and start working from any date within the calendar year, and then the reporting period will be shorter than traditional. At the same time, the deadline for preparing the balance sheet is usual: within 3 months after the end of the reporting period.

Another case is the liquidation of a company. For such a company, the reporting period ends with the date of entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on liquidation (Article 17 of Law No. 402-FZ), and the same 3-month period applies for the preparation and submission of reports.

For more information about where the liquidation balance is submitted, read the material “Where to submit the liquidation balance sheet” .

An extended reporting period occurs when the decision to start a business is made at the end of the year and registration occurs after September 30 (for example, in October 2019). Then, according to paragraph 3 of Art. 15 of Law No. 402-FZ, the reporting period increases and lasts from October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Such an increase does not affect the deadline established by law for submitting the balance sheet.

Results

Reports must be submitted no later than the deadlines established by law. Failure to submit a balance or delay in submitting it will result in penalties.

Statistics say that every minute at least two hundred people in the world are infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs or STIs). It is difficult to say whether such statistics are kept in Penza, however, gynecologists note an annual increase in the number of people seeking treatment and diagnosis of these infections. What is this connected with?

In different age groups their reasons for high morbidity. Young people naively think that one unprotected sexual act will not lead to any serious consequences, while the older generation is too confident in their partners. The result of these different “approaches” is the same: hospitals, tests, examinations, medications...

Despite the fact that a lot has already been written and said about STIs, many visitors to our site still ask us questions regarding these diseases. That is why we are together with obstetrician-gynecologist medical center“Eva” by Svetlana Nikolaevna Mezentseva prepared this material.

Sexual infections in the pool

— Many people are concerned about this question: is it possible to become infected with STIs through household means, for example, through personal hygiene items or in a swimming pool?

— The medical literature describes only one case in which a person contracted a sexually transmitted infection through domestic means. Note that there was only one case, described more than a century ago, when a gymnast sat on a man’s head in support, and that day he cut himself while shaving. Although, of course, theoretically, you can become infected with such infections through everyday life, but in order for this to happen, you need to try very hard. Therefore, you don’t have to be afraid of acquiring such an infection through personal hygiene items or in the pool.

The causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases are very unstable in external environment, and die outside the human body. In addition, single viruses and bacteria usually cannot cause disease. For infection and development of the disease, a certain amount of viruses is necessary that could cause the disease. In such a volume, microbes can enter our body only through sexual contact. True, visiting the pool can be fraught with infection by some kind of fungus, but this is another problem.

There are only three ways to transmit STIs:

- sexual contact with a person who is a carrier of the infection;

- non-sterile blood transfusion;

- vertical (from mother to child during pregnancy).

— How often should you get tested for STIs?

— If you have sexual contact with a regular partner, provided that he is absolutely healthy, then you need to get tested for STIs only if any unpleasant or unusual symptoms appear for you.

In addition, such an analysis must always be done when changing sexual partners. This shouldn't confuse you in any way. It's not that you don't trust the person, but that you take care of your health. Today in the world thousands of people are forced to be treated for STIs - you should not join their ranks because of your carelessness.

— Quite often, when expectant mothers are planning a pregnancy, they are sent to get tested for STIs. This kind of analysis is paid, and in price lists medical institutions each infection is listed with a separate price. In this regard, the question arises, which of them need to be tested for?

- Indeed, this situation happens quite often. An experienced gynecologist, when referring you for tests, should write you a list of infections that need to be examined. As a rule, these are tests for the following infections:

- chlamydia,

- gonorrhea, STIs

- trichomoniasis,

- ureaplasmosis

- mycoplasma,

- herpes,

— cytomegalovmrus, TORCH

- rubella,

- toxoplasmos.

Elena Kozlova