Intravenous saline solution indications. Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride is a plasma replacement drug.

Pharmacological action of Sodium chloride

The drug is aimed at restoring water balance and has a detoxifying effect. Due to the fact that the drug replenishes sodium deficiency, it is effective in various pathological conditions.

Sodium chloride 0.9% has the same osmotic pressure as human blood. For this reason, the drug is quickly eliminated from the body and increases the volume of circulating blood for a short period of time.

When applied externally, saline solution of sodium chloride can remove pus from the wound or restore the microflora.

If you produce intravenous infusion sodium chloride solution, the patient will increase urination, and also replenish the lack of sodium and chlorine.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a powder, a solvent for certain medications, a solution or a nasal spray.

Indications for use

Experts recommend prescribing sodium chloride 0.9% for large losses of extracellular fluid or in cases where its supply decreases. This can be dyspepsia (which is caused by poisoning), cholera, diarrhea, vomiting, and also large burns. This solution is effective for hyponatremia and hypochloremia, which is accompanied by dehydration.

Externally, sodium chloride saline solution should be used to wash the nose, wounds, and to moisten bandages.

In addition, the solution is used for bleeding of various types (gastric, intestinal, pulmonary), for poisoning, constipation, or for forced diuresis.

Contraindications

Experts do not recommend using the drug for: extracellular hyperhydration, blood circulation disorders (pulmonary or cerebral edema may develop), high level sodium, with acute left ventricular failure, with hypokalemia, renal failure and cardiac decompensated failure.

The drug Sodium chloride should not be mixed with large doses of glucocorticosteroids. If the solution is prescribed in large dosages, the level of electrolytes in the urine or plasma should be monitored.

Directions for use and dosage

Before administration begins, the sodium chloride solution must be heated to 36-38 degrees. In case of dehydration, the dosage is determined individually. The average dose is 1 liter per day.

If the patient is severely poisoned or there is a large loss of fluid, it is recommended to administer the solution up to 3 liters per day. IN in this case a sodium chloride dropper is used. The product should be administered at a speed of 540 milliliters per hour.

Children who are found to be dehydrated, accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure, it is necessary to administer the solution in an amount of 20-30 milliliters per 1 kilogram of weight.

To perform gastric lavage, use a 2-5 percent solution; to eliminate constipation, use enemas with a 5 percent solution (administer 75 milliliters rectally).

A dropper of sodium chloride 10 percent is prescribed for pulmonary bleeding, intestinal bleeding, and to increase diuresis. In these situations, the drug must be administered slowly (10-20 milliliters of solution).

In case of complex therapy for diseases of the upper respiratory tract Experts recommend rinsing, rubbing and bathing (1-2 percent solution).

When treating colds, sodium chloride is used for inhalation (used as an adjuvant). Adults are allowed to inhale for 10 minutes, and children - 3 times a day for 5-7 minutes (in this case, the solution is mixed with Lazolvan in a ratio of 1 to 1 ml).

For inhalation it is also allowed to be combined with Berodual.

special instructions

Large volumes of the drug should be used with caution in patients who have impaired renal excretory function.

You can freeze the medicine as long as the container remains sealed. If the solution is mixed with other drugs, it is recommended to visually check the compatibility (invisible as well as therapeutic incompatibility is possible).

In case of prolonged use of the solution, as well as its use in increased dosages, hypokalemia and acidosis may occur.

The active ingredient of this product is sodium chloride . The formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, these are crystals white, which quickly dissolve in water. Molar mass 58.44 g/mol. OKPD code - 14.40.1.

Saline solution (isotonic) is a 0.9% solution, it contains 9 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a 10% solution, it contains 100 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Release form

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced, which can be contained in ampoules of 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml. Ampoules are used to dissolve medications for injection.

A solution of sodium chloride 0.9% is also produced in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml. Their use in medicine is practiced for external use, intravenous drips, and enemas.

Sodium chloride solution 10% is contained in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.

For oral use, tablets of 0.9 g are available.

A nasal spray is also produced in 10 ml bottles.

pharmachologic effect

Sodium chloride is a drug that acts as a rehydrating and detoxifying agent. The medicine is able to compensate for the lack of sodium in the body, subject to the development of various pathologies. Sodium chloride also increases the amount of fluid that circulates in the vessels.

Such properties of the solution are manifested due to the presence in it chloride ions And sodium ions . They are able to penetrate the cell membrane using various transport mechanisms, in particular the sodium-potassium pump. Important role sodium plays a role in signal transmission in neurons, and is also involved in the metabolic process in the kidneys and in the electrophysiological processes of the human heart.

Pharmacopoeia indicates that sodium chloride maintains constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma. In the normal state of the body, a sufficient amount of this compound enters the body with food. But in pathological conditions, in particular, with vomiting , diarrhea , serious burns noted increased secretion from the body of these elements. As a result, the body experiences a deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, as a result of which the blood becomes thicker and functions are impaired. nervous system, blood flow, convulsions, spasms of smooth muscles.

If an isotonic sodium chloride solution is introduced into the blood in a timely manner, its use promotes recovery water-salt balance . But since the osmotic pressure of the solution is similar to the pressure of blood plasma, in vascular bed he doesn't stay long. After administration, it is quickly eliminated from the body. As a result, after 1 hour, no more than half of the injected amount of solution is retained in the vessels. Therefore, in case of blood loss, the solution is not effective enough.

The product also has plasma-substituting and detoxifying properties.

When administered intravenously hypertonic solution there is an increase , replenishing the deficiency of chlorine and sodium in the body.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Excretion from the body occurs mainly through the kidneys. Some sodium is excreted in sweat and feces.

Indications for use

Sodium chloride is a saline solution that is used when the body loses extracellular fluid. Indicated for conditions that lead to limited fluid intake:

• dyspepsia in case of poisoning;
• vomit , ;
• extensive burns;
• hyponatremia or hypochloremia , in which dehydration of the body is noted.

Considering what sodium chloride is, it is used externally to wash wounds, eyes, and nose. The drug is used to moisturize dressings, for inhalation, and for the face.

The use of NaCl is indicated for forced diuresis in case of poisoning, internal bleeding (pulmonary, intestinal, gastric).

It is also indicated in the indications for use of sodium chloride that this is a drug that is used for diluting and dissolving drugs that are administered parenterally.

Contraindications

The use of the solution is contraindicated for the following diseases and conditions:

• hypokalemia , hyperchloremia , hypernatremia ;
• extracellular overhydration , ;
• pulmonary edema , cerebral edema ;
• acute left ventricular failure;
• development of circulatory disorders, in which there is a threat of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
• prescription of large doses of GCS.

The solution should be prescribed with caution to people who are sick. arterial hypertension , peripheral edema, decompensated chronic heart failure, renal failure in chronic form, preeclampsia , as well as those diagnosed with other conditions that cause sodium retention in the body.

If the solution is used as a diluent for other medications, existing contraindications should be taken into account.

Side effects

The following conditions may develop when using sodium chloride:

• overhydration ;
• hypokalemia ;
• acidosis .

If the drug is used correctly, the development of side effects is unlikely.

If a 0.9% NaCl solution is used as a base solvent, then side effects are determined by the properties of the drugs that are diluted in the solution.

If any negative effects occur, you should immediately report it to a specialist.

Instructions for use of Sodium Chloride (Method and dosage)

The instructions for saline solution (isotonic solution) provide for its administration intravenously and subcutaneously.

In most cases, intravenous drip administration is practiced, for which the Sodium Chloride dropper is heated to a temperature of 36-38 degrees. The volume that is administered to the patient depends on the condition of the patient, as well as the amount of fluid that has been lost by the body. It is important to take into account the person’s age and weight.

Average daily dose of the drug - 500 ml, the solution is injected at an average speed of 540 ml/h. If there is a severe degree of intoxication, then the maximum volume of medication per day can be 3000 ml. If there is such a need, a volume of 500 ml can be administered at a speed of 70 drops per minute.

Children are given a dose of 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of weight. The dosage depends on body weight and the age of the child. It should be borne in mind that with prolonged use of this medicine it is necessary to monitor the level of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

To dilute drugs that need to be administered by drip, use 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride per dose of the drug. The characteristics of administration are determined based on the main drug.

The hypertonic solution is administered intravenously.

If the solution is used to immediately compensate for the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions, 100 ml of the solution is injected dropwise.

To perform a rectal enema to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution is administered; 3000 ml of an isotonic solution can also be administered throughout the day.

The use of a hypertensive enema is slowly indicated for renal and cardiac edema, increased and for hypertension, it is carried out slowly, 10-30 ml is administered. Such an enema cannot be performed if there is erosion of the colon and inflammatory processes.

Purulent wounds are treated with a solution according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. Compresses with NaCl are applied directly to a wound or other lesion on the skin. Such a compress promotes the separation of pus and the death of pathogenic microorganisms.

Nasal spray instilled into the nasal cavity after cleansing it. For adult patients, two drops are instilled into each nostril, for children - 1 drop. It is used for both treatment and prevention, for which the solution is dripped for about 20 days.

Sodium chloride for inhalation used when colds. To do this, the solution is mixed with bronchodilators. Inhalation is carried out for ten minutes three times a day.

If absolutely necessary, saline solution can be prepared at home. To do this, mix a full teaspoon of table salt in one liter of boiled water. If it is necessary to prepare a certain amount of solution, for example, with salt weighing 50 g, appropriate measurements should be taken. This solution can be applied topically, used for enemas, rinses, and inhalations. However, under no circumstances should such a solution be administered intravenously or used for treatment open wounds or eyes.

Overdose

In case of overdose, the patient may feel nausea, suffer from vomiting and diarrhea, he may develop abdominal pain, fever, and rapid heartbeat. Also, with an overdose, indicators may increase, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema may develop, renal failure , muscle cramps , weakness , generalized seizures , coma . If the solution is administered excessively, it may develop hypernatremia .

With excessive intake into the body, it can develop hyperchlorimic acidosis .

If sodium chloride is used to dissolve drugs, then the overdose is mainly associated with the properties of those drugs that are diluted.

If NaCl is inadvertently overinjected, it is important to stop this process and evaluate whether there is more negative symptoms at the patient. Symptomatic treatment is practiced.

Interaction

NaCl is compatible with most medications. It is this property that determines the use of the solution for diluting and dissolving a number of drugs.

When diluting and dissolving, it is necessary to monitor the compatibility of drugs visually, determining whether a precipitate appears during the process, whether the color changes, etc.

When prescribing the drug simultaneously with corticosteroids It is important to constantly monitor the levels of electrolytes in the blood.

When taken in parallel, it decreases hypotensive effect And Spirapril .

Sodium Chloride is incompatible with a leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim , as well as with a polypeptide antibiotic Polymyxin B .

There is evidence that isotonic solution increases the bioavailability of drugs.

When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, they are completely absorbed by the body.

Terms of sale

Sold in pharmacies by prescription. If necessary, use the drug to dilute other medications, etc. write out a prescription in Latin.

Storage conditions

The powder, tablets and solution should be stored in a dry place, in a well-closed container, and the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. It is important to keep the drug away from children. If the packaging is sealed, freezing does not affect the properties of the drug.

Best before date

There are no restrictions on storing powder and tablets. The solution in 0.9% ampoules can be stored for 5 years; solution in bottles 0.9% - one year, solution in bottles 10% - 2 years. Cannot be used after the shelf life has expired.

special instructions

If an infusion is given, the patient's condition should be carefully monitored, in particular plasma electrolytes. It should be taken into account that in children, due to the immaturity of kidney function, a slowdown in sodium excretion . It is important to determine its plasma concentration before repeated infusions.

It is important to monitor the condition of the solution before administering it. The solution must be transparent and the packaging undamaged. Use the solution for intravenous administration can only be done by a qualified specialist.

Any preparations with Sodium Chloride should only be dissolved by a specialist who can qualifiedly assess whether the resulting solution is suitable for administration. It is important to strictly adhere to all antiseptic rules. Any solution should be administered immediately after its preparation.

The result of the series chemical reactions with the participation of sodium chloride is the formation of chlorine. Electrolysis of molten Sodium Chloride in industry is a method of producing chlorine. If you carry out electrolysis of a solution of Sodium Chloride, you also end up with chlorine. If crystalline Sodium Chloride is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the result is hydrogen chloride . and sodium hydroxide can be produced through a chain of chemical reactions. A qualitative reaction to chloride ion is a reaction with.

Analogs

Level 4 ATX code matches:

U different manufacturers medicines the solution may be produced under a separate name. These are drugs Sodium Chloride Brown , Sodium chloride Bufus , Rizosin , Salin Sodium Chloride Cinco and etc.

Preparations containing sodium chloride are also produced. These are combined saline solutions + sodium chloride, etc.

For children

It is used in accordance with the instructions and under the careful supervision of specialists. The immaturity of renal function in children should be taken into account, so repeated administration is carried out only after an accurate determination of plasma sodium levels.

During pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, a sodium chloride dropper can only be used in pathological conditions. This is toxicosis in the moderate or severe stage, as well. Healthy women receive sodium chloride with food, and its excess can lead to the development of edema.

Reviews

Most reviews are positive, as users write about this product as useful drug. There are especially many reviews about the nasal spray, which, according to patients, is a good remedy for both the prevention and treatment of a runny nose. The product effectively moisturizes the nasal mucosa and promotes healing.

Sodium Chloride price, where to buy

The price of saline solution in ampoules of 5 ml is on average 30 rubles per 10 pcs. Buying sodium chloride 0.9% in a 200 ml bottle costs an average of 30-40 rubles per bottle.

• Online pharmacies in Russia Russia
• Online pharmacies in Ukraine Ukraine
• Online pharmacies in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan

ZdravCity

Sodium chloride Bufus solution d/in. 0.9% 5ml n10JSC Renewal PFK

Sodium chloride bufus solution d/in. 0.9% 10ml n10JSC Renewal PFK

Gonadotropin chorionic lyof. d/prig. solution for intramuscular injection. fl. 500 IU n5 + Sodium chloride solution d/in. 9 mg/ml amp. 1ml n5Federal State Unitary Enterprise Moscow Endocrine Plant

Sodium chloride solution d/in. 0.9% 10ml No. 10 Dalkhimpharm JSC Dalkhimfarm

Sodium chloride-SOLOpharm 0.9% solution for inf. fl.polymer. 200ml individual pack. LLC "Grotex"

Pharmacy Dialog

Sodium chloride bufus (amp. 0.9% 5ml No. 10)

Sodium chloride (vial 0.9% 400ml)

Sodium chloride (amp. 0.9% 5ml No. 10)

Why is sodium chloride needed? You will learn about this from the materials in this article.

Composition, description and packaging

The medicine goes on sale in 100 ml containers or bottles, which are placed in cardboard boxes.

pharmachologic effect

As mentioned above, sodium chloride contains an active element such as sodium chloride. It is responsible for maintaining constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood. Its intake into the body is ensured through food consumption.

Such pathological conditions diarrhea, extensive burns or vomiting, accompanied by a large release of sodium chloride, provoke its deficiency. As a result of this influence, the blood begins to thicken, which contributes to the development of convulsive contractions of muscle tissue, spasms of smooth muscles, as well as disruption of blood circulation and the functioning of the nervous system.

A timely administered agent (sodium chloride) replenishes the lack of fluid and restores the salt balance. It should be noted that due to the same osmotic pressure with the blood, this medication is not retained in the vessels. After about 60 minutes, no more than half of the administered dose remains in the body. This explains the lack of effectiveness of the drug “Sodium Chloride” for severe blood loss.

It should also be noted that the agent in question has plasma-substituting and detoxification properties.

For what purposes is sodium chloride solution administered intravenously? Why is this necessary? When administered in this way, a hypertonic agent replenishes the deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, and also enhances diuresis.

Sodium chloride: application

IN medical purposes The following solutions can be used:

• Isotonic, or so-called physiological 0.9% solution, which contains 9 g of sodium chloride and distilled water (up to 1 l).
• Hypertonic 10% solution - contains 100 g of sodium chloride and distilled water (up to 1 l).

Saline solution is used for:

It should also be noted that this product is used to moisturize fabric dressings and bandages, treat wounds, etc. The neutral environment of the saline solution in question is ideal for dissolving medications (for intravenous administration).

Indications for the use of hypertonic solution

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is prescribed for:

• dehydration due to gastric, pulmonary or intestinal bleeding, vomiting, burns or diarrhea;
• deficiency of sodium or chlorine ions;
• silver nitrate poisoning.

In addition, this solution is used as an auxiliary medication when increased diuresis is required.

This medication is used externally for antimicrobial treatment of wounds, and rectally for microenemas for constipation.

Contraindications for use

• hypernatremia, extracellular hyperhydration, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia;
• edema of the brain, lungs, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant administration of corticosteroids, especially in high dosages;
• circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral or pulmonary edema.

Sodium chloride: instructions for use

The isotonic solution is administered subcutaneously and intravenously. Before use, the medication is warmed to a temperature of 36-38 degrees.

The administered volume of the drug depends on the patient’s condition, as well as the amount of fluid lost by him. In addition, the patient's body weight and age are taken into account.

The average daily dosage of the product is 500 ml, and the average rate of administration is 540 ml per hour.

The maximum volume of the drug per day is 3000 ml. This amount is administered only in case of severe dehydration or intoxication.

In case of severe food poisoning, about 100 ml of solution is administered dropwise.

To induce defecation (with rectal enemas), approximately 100 ml of a 5 percent hypertonic or 3000 ml of isotonic solution is used (per day).

It should also be noted that hypertensive enema is often used for renal and cardiac edema, intracranial pressure and hypertension.

Outdoor use

Processing purulent wounds carried out according to following diagram: a compress soaked in a solution is applied to abscesses, festering wounds, phlegmons or boils. This effect causes the death of bacteria, as well as the separation of pus.

Sodium chloride drops or nasal spray can be used to treat the nasal cavity.

Sodium chloride is not only the well-known table salt dissolved in distilled water, but also a universal remedy, known as saline solution or simply saline solution. In medicine, saline solution is used as a 0.9% NaCl solution (sodium chloride for infusion).

What is sodium chloride?

A solution of common table salt (NaCl) is an electrolyte that conducts electricity well. This simple medical saline solution helps regulate alkaline and water-electrolyte balance in the cells of the human body.

To make a saline solution, purified salt is gradually dissolved in distilled water in portions to the desired concentration. It is important to observe the portion size of salt input, since complete dissolution of the crystals of the component is very important; sediment in the saline solution is unacceptable.

IN industrial production Sodium chloride uses a strictly regulated technology: first, the salt is dissolved step by step, to eliminate the appearance of sediment, it is saturated with carbon dioxide, then glucose is added. Pour the solution only into glass containers.

Pharmacological action of saline solution (sodium chloride)

Sodium chloride is the most important component of human tissues and blood plasma. This substance ensures normal osmotic pressure in the fluid contained in the cells human body.

Sodium chloride or table salt enters the human body in sufficient quantities with food.

In some cases, a deficiency of this substance may occur in the human body, caused by increased pathological discharge liquids and a deficiency in the absorption of salt consumed with food.

Pathologies leading to sodium chloride deficiency:

• uncontrollable vomiting;
• large surface burn;
• large losses of fluid in the body;
• dyspepsia, diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal infection or food poisoning;
• cholera;
• intestinal obstruction;
• hyponatremia;
• hypochloremia.

Sodium chloride is an isotonic solution. This means that the concentration of salts in the solution and in the blood cell of the plasma of the human body is the same and amounts to 0.9%. The molecules of the solution pass freely through the cell membrane in different directions and do not disturb the balance in the pressure of the cellular and intercellular fluid. Sodium chloride is the most important component in blood plasma and muscle tissue.

With a lack of sodium chloride in the human body, the amount of chlorine and sodium ions in the intercellular fluid and blood plasma decreases, which provokes blood thickening. A person experiences muscle cramps and spasms, pathological changes in the nervous system, disorders of the circulatory system are noted.

To temporarily restore the water-salt balance and increase the amount of sodium chloride, a saline solution is injected into the patient’s body, which briefly improves the condition and buys time to prepare the main treatment for severe pathologies and large blood losses in the patient. Saline solution is used as a temporary plasma substitute. It is also used as a detoxification drug.

Unfortunately, the effectiveness of sodium chloride is limited by time; already an hour after administration of the drug, the amount of injected active substance is halved.

When is saline solution used?

Saline solution (sodium chloride solution) has been successfully used:

• to maintain plasma volume during surgical operations and in postoperative period;
• in case of severe dehydration of the body caused by various pathologies, to restore water-salt balance;
• to preserve plasma volume in case of large blood losses, severe burns, diabetic coma, dyspepsia;
• to reduce intoxication of the patient’s body with such infectious diseases like cholera, dysentery;
• for washing the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx during acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections;
• for washing the cornea of ​​the eye during inflammation, various infections, injuries and allergic manifestations;
• for moisturizing dressings when treating ulcers, bedsores, postoperative abscesses and other skin lesions;
• for inhalation for pathologies of the upper respiratory tract;
• for dissolving various medications at joint use for intravenous administration into the patient's body.

Methods of using sodium chloride (saline)

Intravenous and subcutaneous use.

In modern medical practice It is impossible to do without sodium chloride solution when administering any medications by drip and some subcutaneous injections, since all powdered and concentrated medicinal substances are dissolved in saline before use.

In order to maintain plasma volume, restore water-salt balance, in case of severe intoxication, swelling, and to eliminate blood thickness, patients are given injections containing saline solution.

A sodium chloride solution is injected into the patient's body intravenously (usually through an IV) or subcutaneously. Before the procedure, the saline solution for injection is heated to thirty-six or thirty-eight degrees Celsius.

When administering the solution, the patient’s physiological parameters (age, weight), as well as the amount of fluid lost and the amount of deficiency of the elements chlorine and sodium are taken into account.

The average person needs five hundred milliliters of sodium chloride per day, so, as a rule, this volume of saline solution is administered to the patient per day at a rate of five hundred and forty milliliters per hour. Sometimes, if necessary, it is allowed to administer a saline solution with a volume of five hundred milliliters at a rate of seventy drops per minute. If there is a large loss of fluid and a high degree of intoxication of the patient, it is allowed to administer a maximum of three thousand milliliters of solution per day.

The children's dose of sodium chloride per day is 20 - 100 milliliters per kilogram of the child's weight.

If sodium chloride is used for dilution medications before drip administration, take from fifty to two hundred and fifty milliliters of solution per dose of the drug, the rate of administration and quantity depends on the drug that is being diluted.

Only sterile saline solution is used for internal administration.

Using saline solution to cleanse the intestines and stomach.

Sodium chloride is used for rectal enemas for persistent constipation to stimulate bowel movements. In this case, use three liters per day of a nine percent solution or one hundred milliliters of a five percent solution once. Before use, the drug should be warmed to body temperature so as not to irritate the intestines. For enemas, you can use unsterilized saline solution.

Sodium chloride is used for gastric lavage when food poisoning. In this case, they drink it in small sips to avoid spasms, then artificially induce vomiting. Only sterile preparation should be used.

Using saline solution to rinse the nasopharynx.

Saline solution is an effective and affordable means for rinsing the nasopharynx during a runny nose or inflammatory processes during acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.

Even a single rinse of the nasal passages with saline helps to quickly clear the nose of mucus and stop a runny nose. This procedure is indicated for allergic rhinitis, with the threat of developing sinusitis, for the prevention of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections. The drug is approved for use by nursing mothers, pregnant women, children from the first days of life, when taking difficult medicines harmful.

The good thing about the drug is that after rinsing the nasopharynx, the mucous membrane does not dry out and is not injured. The procedure can be repeated many times, there are no contraindications for duration local use No.

For rinsing the nose It’s easy to prepare the solution at home using the following recipe:

• table salt - one teaspoon (approximately nine grams),
• boiled water - one liter.

Dissolve salt in water and strain through cheesecloth.

The prepared solution is not sterile, but it can be used in children aged from three years and adults.

For newborn children with nasal congestion and runny nose, drop one or two drops into each nostril only sterile saline solution.

Sodium chloride has been successfully used for gargling a sore throat with sore throat. This drug relieves swelling of the mucous membrane and kills pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx.

Use of saline solution for inhalation

Sodium chloride successfully used for inhalation in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections. Usually for this procedure it is convenient to use a special device for inhalation - a nebulizer, in which saline and necessary medicine. Saline solution moisturizes mucous membranes, and the medicine that the patient inhales will have a therapeutic effect.

To stop attacks bronchial asthma, cough caused by allergies, for inhalation, saline solution is mixed with medications that promote bronchial dilation (Berotec, Berodual, Ventolin).

To treat cough caused by acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections, add bronchodilators(Ambroxol, Gedelix, Lazolvan).

Contraindications to the use of saline solution

Unfortunately, sodium chloride has contraindications for use, which should be taken into account when prescribing treatment with saline solution.

It cannot be used:

• at pulmonary edema,
• with cerebral edema,
• for acute heart failure,
• in case of renal failure,
• with a high content of sodium ions and chlorine ions in the body,
• with a lack of potassium in the body,
• when dehydrated inside the cell,
• with excess fluid outside the cell,
• when taking large doses of corticosteroids.

Side effects when using saline solution

Typically, saline solution is very well tolerated by patients.

However, when using sodium chloride in a treatment regimen in large doses or for a long time, there may be complications. Some patients have:

• disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, which can be expressed in anxiety, weakness, or severe headache with dizziness, excessive sweating, feeling constant thirst;
• dysfunction digestive system which provoke nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting;
• violations in menstrual cycle among women;
• skin changes(dermatitis);
• dysfunction of cardio-vascular system (rapid pulse, arrhythmia, arterial hypertension);
• anemia;
• a sharp decrease in potassium in the blood;
• increased acidity in the body;
• swelling.

When unwanted effects the administration of saline is stopped. The doctor must assess the patient's condition and provide necessary help to eliminate side complications.

Conclusion

Before using any drug containing sodium chloride, you must consult a doctor.

The use of saline solution (sodium chloride) should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician and accompanied by blood and urine tests.

Saline solution or sodium chloride is quite widely and actively used in modern medicine. It is noteworthy that it has been helping people out for decades and continues to be relevant; it has no competitive substitutes. Saline solution can be taken intravenously and intramuscularly, as a means for washing the nose, gargling, and for treating wounds. In other words, its range of applications is wide.

Indications for the use of sodium chloride for the treatment of diseases

So, why do they put in a sodium chloride drip? First of all, to regulate the well-being and condition of the body during dehydration, a sodium chloride dropper is capable of restoring the body’s water balance in a fairly short time, due to which the sodium deficiency is quickly replenished, which, of course, has a beneficial effect on the patient’s condition and well-being. It is very important that the solution does not linger in the body, it is quickly eliminated.

If intoxication of the body occurs, for example, with dysentery and food poisoning, a sodium chloride drip is also given, because the solution helps remove accumulated toxins. By the way, within an hour after the administration of saline solution, a patient with poisoning will feel much better, and after a few hours, a sodium chloride dropper, if indicated, can be placed again, but, as a rule, one is enough.

Also, saline solution is used to rinse the nose, which is very good for a runny nose. The solution is able to wash away all pathogenic infections and moisturize the mucous membrane. By the way, you can use saline solution to rinse the nose for small children, even newborns, who cannot ease their breathing with drops or sprays.

Why is a sodium chloride drip placed in ENT practice? To rinse the nose, but not externally, as described above, but internally, that is, a sodium chloride dropper is placed directly into the nasal sinuses. This is most often done for acute purulent sinusitis.

The throat can also be washed, this is especially true for influenza, acute respiratory infections or sore throat. At the same time, in the presence of purulent deposits, you need to gargle with saline solution as often as possible.

During pregnancy, women often have health problems, so a sodium chloride dropper can also be given, but in this case the solution should be administered only as prescribed by a doctor. You cannot do this on your own!

It is very important to note that during pregnancy, more than 400 ml of saline solution should not be used in one infusion; this is quite enough to maintain a normal state. An increase in the volume for administration can only be prescribed by a doctor based on diagnostic results.

The composition of the sodium chloride dropper is very similar to the composition of blood and therefore it can be given even to pregnant women and small children. Saline solution - universal medical product, time-tested.