Pancreatitis which department of the hospital. Treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital: methods, procedures, recommendations

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, accompanied by disruption of carbohydrate metabolism and the digestive process. The outflow of enzymes is disrupted, as a result of which the organ tissues are broken down by their own product. It occurs against the background of alcohol abuse, pathology of the biliary system, insufficient intake of proteins and fats from food, disorders of amino acid metabolism, exposure to toxic factors, infections and injuries. It can occur in chronic or acute form.

Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas

The chronic variety has three clinical forms:

• obstructive;
• parenchymal (inflammatory).

It is characterized by the development of edema and coagulative necrosis, which leads to fibrosis of some areas. The destruction of glandular tissue is accompanied by a weakening of the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. It occurs with episodes of exacerbation and remission.

How long does pancreatitis last in remission?

The main reason for the termination of remission is an error in diet

Fabrics do not restore their original structure. Therefore, functional impairments persist for life. The disease may not manifest itself for a long time, for many years, if the patient follows the recommended diet and takes medications prescribed by the doctor. Inpatient therapy is not required.

Maintenance treatment - non-absorbable antacids, medications replacement therapy, drugs that eliminate gastroduodenal motility disorders. Taking these medications allows you to slow down the progression of the disease and delay the onset of diabetes mellitus, significant digestive disorders.

Duration of treatment

Substitution treatment continues throughout the patient's life. If the tail of the pancreas is affected with destruction of the main mass, daily administration of insulin is required in a volume corresponding to the level of glycemia and bread units of food consumed. If exocrine insufficiency prevails, pancreatic enzymes after meals (Pancreatin, Creon) are indicated.

Patients who have developed an exacerbation of the disease are admitted to the hospital. As a rule, this occurs when the recommended diet is violated by consuming:

• acute;
• salty;
• overly sour;
• pickled products;
• fried.

Most often, remission is interrupted after taking even small doses of alcohol or non-alcoholic energy drinks (Red Bull, Adrenaline Rush).

Information! It takes from one week to a month or more to restore the condition of the pancreas. The duration depends on the severity of the lesion and the patient’s response to the drugs used.

Correction of the condition is carried out using a large number of saline and colloidal solutions (Trisol, Reopoliglucin), agents that inactivate the patient’s own enzymes (Gordox), histamine H2 receptor blockers (Famotidine), antispasmodics (Drotaverine). With the development of hemorrhagic syndrome, transfusion of coagulation factors and fresh frozen plasma is performed.

Requires administration of analgesics. For moderate pain, NSAIDs (paracetamol, analgin) can be prescribed. In some cases, there is a need to use drugs.

In the first 2-3 days from the onset of an exacerbation, the patient needs to be hungry. Then they begin to feed him liquid food, gradually expanding the diet.

The list of permitted products includes:

• cottage cheese;
• steam omelette;
• lean fish;
• boiled vegetables;
• steam puddings;
• enveloping mucous porridges;
• baked apples.

You should avoid canned food, whole milk, fatty or smoked fish, difficult-to-digest meat, meat and mushroom broths, and fresh rye bread. In addition, you should avoid other foods that are irritating to the stomach and intestines.

Signs of exacerbation

Exacerbation is accompanied by pain

The main symptom of exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis is pain. It can be localized in the left hypochondrium, epigastric zone, or have a encircling nature. As a rule, it occurs 40-60 minutes after breaking the diet. Lying on your back - it intensifies, sitting with a bend forward - it weakens. The sensation is sharp or dull, pressing.

Patient complaints during exacerbation:

1. Belching, heartburn, nausea.
2. Steatorrhea, diarrhea.
3. Stools up to 6 times/day, mushy, with an unpleasant odor.
4. Bright red round spots may appear on the skin ().

Information! Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis lasts from 1 to 4 weeks, but acute manifestations persist for 2-7 days. Further, during therapy, the clinical picture becomes less pronounced.

Acute pancreatitis

Initially, aseptic inflammation of the pancreas tissue, in which an acute disruption of its function occurs. May occur in mild, moderate or severe degrees.

A mild course is characterized by swelling of the organ and does not lead to the formation of necrosis. The duration of the attack under the condition of volumetric infusion therapy is about 3-7 days.

Lack of treatment leads to the development of necrosis, which requires surgical intervention. Without surgery, death usually occurs. Cardiac arrest occurs due to intoxication and damage to nearby organs by digestive enzymes. This usually occurs on the 7-10th day of illness.

If the patient was operated on in a timely manner, recovery takes about 1 month. In the future, he needs a life sentence, which is selected in accordance with the existing violations.

Reactive pancreatitis

Reactive pancreatitis may result from drug toxicity

It occurs with pronounced clinical manifestations, but responds well to treatment. Usually does not lead to the formation of pancreatic necrosis. It occurs as a reaction to the influence of a provoking factor: shock, intoxication, exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, poisoning, taking certain medications. Treatment is no different from mild acute pancreatitis. Recovery time is 3-5 days if therapy is started early.

How long pancreatitis lasts depends on:

• forms of pathology;
• doctor's qualification level;
• the initial state of the pancreas in particular and the patient’s entire body as a whole.

The above are average terms, which may differ significantly both up and down. Quick start is of utmost importance therapeutic measures. Therefore, at the first signs of pathology, you should immediately contact the clinic for examination and prescribing the necessary therapy.

In case of acute inflammation of the pancreas, the patient must be hospitalized. Treatment of pancreatitis in a hospital is necessary, since due to severe pathological changes in the affected organ there is a high risk of disability or death.

Kinds

An acute attack of pancreatitis with severe pain can be treated with 2 options for medical care:

1. Emergency surgery.
2. Intensive drug therapy.

The decision on the appropriateness of a particular treatment tactic is made by a gastroenterologist. Most often prescribed conservative therapy. Surgical intervention is considered necessary if the severity of the disease threatens the patient’s life.

Surgical therapy

Many patients are hospitalized critical condition, which is caused by either extensive edema or a necrotic process in the pancreas. According to medical statistics, surgery prescribed to every third patient with death of organ tissue. Selecting a method surgical treatment is determined by the cause of acute pancreatitis, the severity of the disease, and the presence of spread of the inflammatory process to adjacent organs of the abdominal cavity.

Most often practiced:

1. Puncture and drainage is a minimally invasive intervention to remove effusion in the development of enzymatic peritonitis.
2. Laparoscopy is also a minimally traumatic method used for non-infectious necrosis. It is used to excise dead areas of the gland, drainage pseudocysts, and eliminate neoplasms.
3. Laparotomy - opening of the abdominal cavity with multiple infected cysts, phlegmon, peritonitis.

Minimally invasive methods are often used in preparation for laparotomy. If such interventions, together with medications, do not lead to desired result, surgeons resort to radical operations. They are carried out under the control of X-ray and ultrasound machines. This:

1. Necrosequestrectomy - puncture of cystic neoplasms, pumping out fluid from them and installing drainage.
2. Distal or subtotal resection. In the first case, the tail and body of the gland are removed, in the second - almost the entire affected organ, with the exception of areas adjacent to the duodenum.

Intensive conservative therapy

If the patient is admitted in a state of moderate severity, the attack is treated in the intensive care unit of the hospital. In order to eliminate the inflammatory process and prevent necrosis of the gland, temporary fasting, gastric lavage and complex drug treatment are prescribed.

The following groups of drugs are used:

• painkillers for exacerbation of pathology simultaneously with antispasmodics: Ketorol, No-shpa;
• medications that reduce gastric acidity: Almagel, Gaviscon, Omeprazole, Ranitidine;
• means for regulation secretory function glands: Gordox, Aminocaproic acid, Contrical (intravenous administration);
• antibiotics: Thienam (imipenem plus cilastatin sodium), Doxycycline (in severe cases, infusions are prescribed);
• drugs for cardiovascular failure: solutions of the hormones Dopamine, Adrenaline (drop administration);
• means that normalize the water-salt balance: solutions of glucose, Sodium chloride, Glucosolan, Regidron.

Standard and scheme

Methods of providing medical care to patients with attacks of acute pancreatitis are selected depending on the cause, severity of the disease and the presence of complications.

When choosing an inpatient treatment regimen, the doctor is guided by the protocol of the initial examination, which is carried out immediately after the patient’s hospitalization, and a preliminary diagnosis.

If mild pancreatitis is detected, conservative therapy is prescribed. Her tasks:

• pain relief with narcotic analgesics;
• elimination of dehydration due to serial vomiting;
• antibacterial treatment if foci of infection are detected.

In severe pancreatitis, which is accompanied by signs of acute intoxication, severe pain, loss of consciousness, patients are placed in the intensive care unit of the hospital. Conservative therapy is actively carried out. If after 2 days the doctor’s efforts are in vain and the development is stopped pathological process in the gland fails, a decision is made on the advisability of surgery.

Deadlines

The duration of inpatient treatment depends on the condition of the person in which he was hospitalized and the accurate implementation of medical prescriptions. Symptoms of mild pancreatitis most often resolve within a few days with intensive drug infusions. Treatment of exacerbations in patients with chronic inflammation gland requires much longer hospitalization, especially during surgery.

Acute form of the disease

For a primary attack of moderate pancreatitis, a course of therapy of about 2-3 weeks is required. During this time, in most clinical cases It is possible to completely improve the pancreas. However, 6 months after discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to repeat treatment so that the disease does not become chronic.

Chronic stage

People suffering from a long-term form of pancreatitis need scheduled hospitalization every six months to prevent exacerbations. This is facilitated by medicinal healing of the pancreas and the entire body. The duration of the course of treatment can range from 10 to 21 days.

Further management of the patient

Complications of acute pancreatitis with concomitant diseases, especially diabetes, pathologies of the digestive system, increase the risk of relapse of inflammation of the gland. Such patients, after discharge from the hospital, require follow-up and preventive treatment. Patients who have suffered pancreatic necrosis should examine the condition of the gland every six months. At the same time, it is important not to violate the diet, lead a healthy lifestyle, and at the first signs of exacerbation of the disease, immediately contact a gastroenterologist.

Naturally, the treatment of pancreatitis (choosing a method with appropriate medications) is prescribed by a doctor. The symptoms of the pathology are varied and may be similar to other diseases. Therefore, it is categorically unacceptable to treat pancreatitis on your own. You cannot tolerate paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, apply heat and rinse the stomach. You just need to seek medical help in a timely manner.

It is possible to quickly stop the course (or exacerbation) of the disease if it is detected just after it has begun.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating chronic pancreatitis, the doctor prescribes urine and blood tests and an ultrasound examination of the pancreas.

A blood test for pancreatitis shows an increase in ESR and a decrease in the amount of proteins. When analyzing urine, alpha-amylase is detected during the acute period of the disease, bilirubin is observed in the presence of obstructive jaundice. Ultrasound visualizes deformation of the gland, a change in the edge, or the development of nodules (cysts).

Stool analysis also evaluates the functioning of the pancreas.

In addition to the fact that the pain occurs in the left side in the hypochondrium, it can radiate to the area of ​​the heart or peritoneum, and become encircling in nature. At the same time, he feels nauseous and vomits. There are particles of undigested food and a greasy sheen in the stool. The patient's weight decreases sharply.

Inpatient treatment of chronic pancreatitis

An ambulance doctor performs an initial examination of the patient. If he suspects acute pancreatitis, he will inject an antispasmodic medication. If the attack was caused by cholelithiasis, the pain will decrease. If this is the initial degree of pancreatitis, then the effect of the injection will be small.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis during the acute period in children and adults is carried out inpatiently. The patient is hospitalized in the surgery department. But this does not mean that the patient will undergo surgery immediately. He will first be observed and undergo mandatory examinations.

The classic treatment regimen shows “cold, hunger and rest.”

An ice pack is placed on the epigastric area. Eating is prohibited for two to four days. After which they are allowed to eat food in liquid form.

To eliminate pain, a thin catheter is inserted through the nasal passages into the stomach area for a couple of days and connected to a suction device to create negative pressure. Painkillers are administered intravenously at the same time. If there is no vomiting, give Almagel A. However, all drugs are prescribed only by a doctor.

Taking medications for exacerbation of pancreatitis is only first aid during an illness. Read more about which medications you should take here.

Eliminate intoxication during pancreatitis and reduce the degree of swelling of the pancreas through intravenous administration of electrolytic solutions (Hemodez, Mannitol), glucose, and urinary aids.

Inhibiting enzyme activity helps prevent tissue breakdown. Why is Contrikal, Trasiol, Gordox administered intravenously by dropper?

Each patient requires the use of significant doses of antibiotic drugs, because an inflammatory process begins near and in the pancreas itself. More often than not, 2 antibiotics are prescribed (intramuscular or intravenous).

In order to maintain blood pressure during in a state of shock Cardiovascular and hormonal drugs are administered.

Treatment is carried out by monitoring it with studies of electrolyte (sodium, potassium, calcium), protein (protein fractions, total plasma protein) and carbohydrate (blood sugar) metabolism.

They jointly carry out activities aimed at maintaining the kidneys and liver, since they are under significant stress during the attack and treatment. To support the liver, the patient receives large doses of glucose and vitamins. Kidney function is increased through the administration of sacrospinal blockade and aminophylline, diuretics.

It is not surprising that at an early stage of the disease (or during its exacerbation) a detailed examination is not carried out. The reason is that a comprehensive examination of patients is impossible at an early stage due to the serious condition and the existing danger of worsening the course of the pathology.

Incompetent examination at the initial stage can lead to a new wave of exacerbation of the pathological process and even progression of the disease. This can be caused by blood tests for sugar load, duodenal intubation, etc. To avoid this, the examination is carried out twice in the hospital.

If signs of peritoneal irritation appear, drain the abdominal cavity, and administer medications and antibiotics directly to the abdominal cavity through catheterization.

Surgical intervention (resection of the head of the pancreas) is used in situations where it is impossible to obtain results by other methods of treatment.

In the adult population, treatment of pancreatitis is often accompanied by the presence of stones in the gallbladder ducts, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and peptic ulcer. Therefore, it is not possible to get rid of such a set of diseases once and for all. After undergoing treatment in a hospital, the patient must long time follow the recommendations of a gastroenterologist and therapist to get rid of existing pathologies.

After removal acute symptoms As an inpatient, the patient faces a difficult period of adaptation to a new way of life and a different diet. It would be a mistake to believe that only medications are enough for treatment.

Strict adherence to the rules of diet therapy for pancreatitis is an equally important component of treatment. In this case, you should abstain for a long time from fried, fatty, lard, and broths based on fatty meats. Food is allowed to be consumed only in boiled, baked or steamed form. Drink only rosehip decoction or dried fruit compotes. Dry cookies replace cakes and pastries.

Each time you violate diet therapy, you should expect the exacerbation to return, but in a much more severe form.

The acute phase of pancreatitis lasts five weeks. It will take one year to restore the disturbed enzymatic balance.

The outpatient stage for the patient means that he will have to take medications for a long time.

This is the trick:

• antispasmodics (Platifillin, No-shpa);
• enzymes to improve the digestion process (Mezim, Panzinorm, Pancreatin, Creon, Festal);
• agents for reducing acid in gastric juice (Phosphalugel, Almagel);
• vitamin-mineral complex, including vitamins A, B, E, D, which restore lipid metabolism disorders.

The fact that the enzyme composition has returned to normal is indicated by the cessation of diarrhea in the patient and the absence of undigested food particles in the stool.

A patient with a chronic form of pancreatitis who regularly visits a doctor and takes measures under his supervision behaves competently.

pancreatit.pro

What is acute pancreatitis and how does the disease manifest?

The hallmark signs of acute pancreatitis are severe, sudden pain in the upper abdomen, just below the sternum, which occurs in waves, frequently and intensely until it becomes constant. In 50% of cases, pain is felt in the lower abdomen and spreads to the back.

Other characteristic manifestations of acute inflammation of the pancreas:

• loss of appetite caused by a lack of pancreatic enzymes secreted into the intestines;
• sharp pain in the abdominal cavity various localizations, which worsen after eating, coughing, deep breathing, touching the stomach;
• in a lying position the pain is stronger than in a sitting position;
• severe nausea and vomiting, even in the absence of vomit;
• due to a lack of digestive enzymes, bloating occurs, the patient suffers from frequent loose stools with a pungent odor, and flatulence;
• rapid pulse - from 100 to 140 beats per minute, frequent and shallow breathing;
• fever and temperature rise above 38°C;
• the skin and whites of the eyes acquire a yellowish tint;
• persistent pain, for which even strong painkillers do not help.

The fetal position slightly alleviates the symptoms of acute pancreatitis. If, even while sitting still, you experience pain and cannot find a comfortable position, consult a doctor immediately.

Causes of occurrence and mechanism of development

The pancreas is an organ that produces enzymes for digestion and hormones that regulate the absorption of glucose by all cells of the body. Digestive enzymes of the gland normally begin to work only in the intestines. But in acute pancreatitis, they are activated ahead of time, before leaving the gland, irritating its walls and causing inflammation. With repeated acute attacks of pancreatitis, the mucous membranes of the pancreas are damaged, in place damaged tissue scars form. Because of this, it gradually loses its functions. This leads to chronic pancreatitis, digestive problems and diabetes.

In more than 10% of cases, the disease is called idiopathic, that is, its cause cannot be discovered.

The main causes of acute pancreatitis include:

• Gallstones. They cause about 40% of cases of the disease. Moving along the bile ducts, they block the junction of the gallbladder and pancreatic ducts. As a result, pancreatic juice cannot leave the gland and accumulates in it, destroying the tissue.
• Excessive alcohol consumption causes acute attacks of pancreatitis in approximately 30% of cases. The risk of developing the disease increases with an increase in daily consumption of alcoholic beverages over 40 g of pure alcohol per day for men and 30 g for women.
• Mechanical damage to the pancreas during trauma, gall bladder surgery, and instrumental studies.
• Increased levels of triglycerides and calcium in the blood.
• Viral infections - mumps, cytomegalovirus and complications caused by them.
• Cystic fibrosis is a serious disease that damages not only the pancreas, but also the lungs, liver, and other organs.
• Taking estrogens, steroids, and some antibiotics.
• Smoking.
• Kidney transplantation.

What diseases may resemble acute pancreatitis?

There are a number of diseases whose symptoms may resemble an attack of pancreatitis:

• Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder. Accompanied by acute wave-like attacks of pain, nausea, vomiting and yellowing of the skin.
• Perforated ulcer of the stomach or duodenum. Causes severe acute pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.
• An attack of acute appendicitis. The pain is increasing in nature and is noted in the lower abdomen on the right. The patient feels sick and has a fever.
• Myocardial infarction. The victim experiences general weakness, severe chest pain, and rapid, shallow breathing.
• Food poisoning. Causes severe diarrhea, bloating and pain in the lower abdomen, weakness from loss of large amounts of fluid.

Possible complications

Acute pancreatitis leads to an imbalance of all chemical elements in our body, causing severe complications:

• Pseudocyst - formed as a result of necrosis of the pancreas. It may go away on its own, but sometimes breaks through, causing infection and bleeding.
• Infection of the inflamed pancreas. The organ becomes vulnerable to bacteria. Immediate surgery is required to remove the infected tissue to avoid suppurative pancreatitis.
• Severe damage to the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, developing as a result of severe damage to the pancreas. At the same time, its activated enzymes and toxins penetrate into the bloodstream, reducing blood pressure, cause general organ failure and lead to severe complications, including death.


• Diabetes occurs when the cells that produce insulin are damaged.
• Swelling of the upper abdomen - appears when fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity due to decreased intestinal motility.
• Malnutrition. Systematic attacks of pancreatitis lead to a lack of digestive enzymes. This disrupts the absorption of nutrients, leading to malnutrition, diarrhea, and weight loss.
• Pancreatic cancer - long-term and systematic inflammation in the gland is a risk factor for the development of cancer.

Fast and effective treatment pancreatitis reduces the risk of complications. Therefore, it is important to seek the help of specialists at the first acute symptoms.

Which doctor should I contact?

A characteristic symptom of the acute form of pancreatitis is tense abdominal wall and pain when palpating the peritoneum.

If, as a result of a preliminary examination, the family doctor suspects pancreatitis, you should contact a specialist who deals with problems of the digestive tract - a gastroenterologist.

To make a diagnosis, a blood test is prescribed and hardware examinations of the diseased organ are performed:

• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• computed tomography of the pancreas;
• magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography - a special MRI that allows you to examine the pancreatic and bile ducts;
• endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - the procedure allows not only to view the ducts, but also to remove gallstones.

Treatment of acute pancreatitis

The treatment regimen for acute pancreatitis will depend on the severity of the symptoms. Therapy includes the following stages:

• elimination of pain syndrome;
• administering sufficient fluids;
• nutrition support;
• performing endoscopy or surgical intervention if the acute attack is caused by gallstones or pseudocysts.

Drug treatment

In the presence of lungs and moderate symptoms Treatment for acute pancreatitis in hospital includes the following procedures:

• Starvation. The patient does not eat for several days to give the pancreas a rest. After the pain disappears, nausea and vomiting stop, you can introduce semi-liquid food into the diet - cereals, soups, as well as drinks (kefir, weak tea).
• Taking painkillers to relieve pain. For this, Tramadol, Baralgin, and various types of blockades are prescribed.
• Prevent dehydration, which worsens symptoms and increases the risk of complications.

Patients with severe symptoms of pancreatitis are treated in the intensive care unit, where their vital signs - pulse, blood pressure, breathing rate and urine production - are constantly monitored.

The patient is prescribed:

• antibiotics to prevent infection, such as Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, etc.;
• intravenous administration of solutions sodium chloride and potassium chloride to eliminate dehydration;
• a pulmonary ventilator to help the patient breathe;
• to maintain the required blood volume, patients with low blood pressure are given intravenous solutions of Polyglyukin, Albumin, etc.;
• To feed seriously ill patients, thin tubes are used that are inserted through the nose and stomach into the small intestine.

The patient remains in the intensive care unit until the risk of organ failure, hypovolemic shock, and sepsis subsides.

Surgical intervention

If the cause of acute pancreatitis is blocked bile or pancreatic ducts, then an endoscopic procedure is used to open or widen these ducts.

If the ducts are blocked by gallstones, doctors recommend removing the gallbladder.

Traditional methods

An acute attack of pancreatitis occurs suddenly and develops very quickly. Its diagnosis and therapy require complex examinations, modern medical equipment, medications, solid professional experience and hospital conditions. Considering the speed of development of complications in this pathology, the use of traditional methods will lead to the loss of precious time, which is fraught fatal. Use folk remedies It will be possible after relief of acute symptoms, and only in agreement with the doctor.

Diet after treatment

After leaving the hospital, it is necessary to continue to restore the body after an attack of pancreatitis. The main role here belongs to diet:

• Stop drinking alcohol. If you cannot do this on your own, use special addiction recovery programs.
• Stop smoking. If you don't smoke, don't start.
• Choose a diet low in fat, plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats.
• Drink more clean water.

Prognosis and prevention

An acute attack of pancreatitis causes severe short-term pain. Depending on the severity of the attack, it can be treated in a hospital within 1-2 weeks. Frequent and recurrent outbreaks of the disease lead to chronic problems and complications. Timely treatment, feasible physical activity, a healthy lifestyle will allow you to eliminate the risk possible relapses, live comfortably and without pain.

podzhelud.ru

A set of measures to reduce the functional activity of the pancreas

1. Hunger. During the period of intense pain and vomiting, the patient receives neither food nor water through the mouth. In people with mild to moderate disease, hunger lasts 2-4 days. From the 3-5th day, a liquid and semi-liquid diet (type No. 16 pancreatic) is prescribed for 3-6 days.
2. A catheter is installed through the nasal passages in the stomach, which is connected to a suction device that creates a slight negative pressure. Usually the catheter is in the stomach for 1-3 days. Often, within a few hours after the catheter is installed, the pain clearly decreases.
3. In the absence of intense pain and vomiting, antacids are prescribed (for example, Almagel 10-15 ml 4 times a day); for more severe cases, parenteral administration of H2 blockers (for example, Gistak 50 mg intravenously or intramuscularly every 6-8 hours) or proton pump blockers (for example, Losek 40 mg 1 time per day intravenously).

For the same purposes, somatostatin (stylamine 250 mg intravenously), glucagon 1 mg subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, calcitonin (myocalcic 300 IU per day intravenous drip) are used.

Combating swelling of the gland and parapancreatic tissue

1. Cold on the gland area.
2. Administration of 15-20% mannitol solution in an amount of 150-300 ml intravenously.
3. Hemodez 300 ml intravenously.
4. Furosemide (1-2 ml of 2% solution) is administered intravenously in the first 12-24 hours of illness.

Preventing Enzyme Intoxication

1. Aprotinin.
2. Contrical (trasylol) at a dose of 20,000-60,000 units intravenously, in the first days of the disease the drug is administered 2-3 times a day.
3. Gordox 100,000-200,000 units intravenously, 2-3 times in the first days.
4. Gabexate mesilate 800-1000 mg intravenously per day.

Allergic reactions to the administration of this group of drugs are observed relatively often; in some cases, anaphylactic shock. Therefore, when administering antienzyme agents, prednisolone in ampoules should always be ready.

Aminocaproic acid, 5-fluorouracil, etc. are also used in anti-enzyme therapy. It is also proposed to introduce 5-fluorouracil into celiac trunk. The effectiveness of these drugs is assessed very controversially.

Pain therapy

1. Analgin (50% solution) 2-3 ml intravenously or intramuscularly 2-3 times a day, it is advisable not to exceed daily dose at 3.0 g.
2. Procaine (0.5-0.25% solution of novocaine intravenously, in total no more than 2 g per day).
3. Promedol (1% solution) 1-2 ml subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously 1-3 times a day.
4. Fentanyl (0.005%) 1-3 ml intramuscularly 1-3 times a day.
5. Pentazocine (Fortral) 30-60 mg intramuscularly every 3-4 hours.
6. Buprenorphine (torgesic) 300 mg intramuscularly or intravenously every 6-8 hours.
7. Tramadol (Tramal) 150-200 mg subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously 3-4 times a day, total dose no more than 400 mg per day.

Typically, non-narcotic and narcotic analgesics are combined with the administration of myotropic antispasmodics, for example drotaverine (no-spa 2% solution 2 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly).

Antibacterial therapy.

As already indicated, all patients with necrotizing forms of acute pancreatitis require antibacterial therapy. In this case, among other characteristics, importance is attached to the intensity of antibiotic accumulation in the gland.

Thienam (imipenem + cilastatin) 250 or 500 mg intravenously slowly over at least 20-30 minutes, 3-4 times a day.

When prescribing other antibiotics, they are usually combined with two drugs taken orally for the purpose of selective intestinal decontamination: metronidazole 0.5 g 3 times a day and ampicillin 0.5-0.75 g per day.

The role of the “main” antibiotic is played by:

• Ofloxacin (Tarivid, Zanosin) 200 mg intravenously slowly 2 times a day.
• Ciprofloxacin (ciprobay) 200 mg intravenously 2 times a day.
• Cefotaxime (claforan) 1-2 g 2 times a day intramuscularly or intravenously. The choice of antibiotics can be expanded to include the drugs listed in Chapter 36.

Combating vascular insufficiency

1. Solutions of hormones and catecholamines: 0.2% solution of adrenaline (epinephrine) 1-2 ml subcutaneously, intravenously; 0.2% solution of norepinephrine 2-4 ml in 5% glucose solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution intravenously slowly; dopamine 50-200 mg intravenously slowly, 2-4 times a day; hydrocortisone 250 mg IM or IV; prednisolone 30-60 mg IM or IV, mezaton (solution) 1-2 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
2. Reopoliglucin 400-500 ml intravenously.

Correction of water and electrolyte balance

Correction of water and electrolyte balance is carried out using isotonic sodium chloride solution and 5% glucose solution (in the absence of hyperglycemia).

www.medpanorama.ru

How is acute pancreatitis treated in a hospital?

Hospitalization is necessary for a severe attack of acute pancreatitis, which cannot be controlled with painkillers at home. After the patient is delivered, he is transferred from the clinic’s emergency department to the intensive care ward. Treatment is carried out with the mandatory participation of an anesthesiologist and resuscitator.

Acute pancreatitis is treated as follows:

1. First, doctors relieve the patient’s pain and various nervous and reflex disorders with the help of analgesics. For this, the drugs Baralgin, Promedol, Analgin, etc. are used. Novocaine blockade can be used.
2. To combat hypertension in the bile ducts, doctors use No-shpu, Nitroglycerin and other drugs.
3. The pancreas needs to be unloaded, so the patient is prescribed fasting. He should take alkaline drinks, such as Borjomi.
4. In combination with the above measures, the prevention and treatment of blood clots in the vessels of various organs (pancreas, liver, etc.) is carried out.

To prevent the condition of a patient with pancreatitis from worsening due to intoxication, the performance of the heart and lungs is checked, and then drainage and gastric lavage are performed. This procedure is carried out with a solution of soda, Pyrroxan or Obzidan are used.

Intravenous injections are made with solutions of insulin with glucose and potassium.

In acute pancreatitis, during hospital treatment the patient is under constant monitoring of studies of metabolic processes occurring in his body. The exchange of electrolytes (for example, sodium or potassium) is examined, the level of sugar in the blood is checked, the presence of proteins in it, etc.

Usually, during inpatient treatment of acute pancreatitis, a full examination of the patient is not carried out, since it is impossible due to the severity of the person’s condition and can lead to a rapid and sharp deterioration in the course of the disease. Therefore, the examination is carried out in 2 stages. Initially, the diagnosis is confirmed only on the basis of symptoms, and then the above measures are carried out, and after the patient’s condition improves, laboratory tests are carried out.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis

Usually before starting healing process A complete examination of the patient is carried out. There are many methods for detecting this disease, but they are practically useless in the early stages of the disease due to the presence of a large number of different symptoms and phases further development illnesses interspersed with periods of remission.

Therefore it is necessary to carry out comprehensive examination, which includes blood, urine, and stool tests. An ultrasound is performed to identify changes in the pancreas, radiography of the abdominal organs, and other studies.

Chronic pancreatitis is usually treated at home or on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization of the patient is not required. He is prescribed a special diet and conservative drug treatment.

If a patient experiences an acute attack that he cannot stop with medications prescribed by a doctor, then he should immediately call ambulance. After this, the patient will be treated for an attack using the above method to eliminate signs of acute pancreatitis.

Until a car with doctors arrives, it is necessary to transfer the patient to a horizontal position (put him on a sofa or bed). It is recommended to constantly ventilate the room where it is located, and the patient should put something cold, such as an ice pack, on the stomach area. If doctors are late, then there is no need to feed the patient. It is best if he fasts for 3 days.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis in the hospital is usually carried out with medications. With the next attack, the pain is eliminated with drugs such as Papaverine, No-shpa, Atropine, etc. It is forbidden to use Aspirin and other NSAIDs, as they only thin the blood and irritate the mucous membranes.

To suppress excessive secretion of a diseased organ, Omeprozole and similar drugs are used. The gland is unloaded with the help of medications such as Mezim, Digestal, etc. To eliminate an infectious lesion on the gland, it is prescribed antibacterial therapy medications such as Ampicillin. Water and salt balance is restored using physiological solutions.

medicalok.ru

Diagnostic measures

It is difficult to determine the pathology of the pancreas on your own at an early stage of development, without the help of a doctor. A medical specialist not only conducts an examination, but also refers you for additional tests and studies.

Diagnostic methods:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) helps to identify the disease at the acute stage. Diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis is carried out by qualified medical specialists in inpatient conditions.

Treatment methods

Exacerbation of pancreatitis requires hospitalization of the patient. If serious complications develop, he may be transferred to intensive care. The patient is advised to be completely at rest and also to fast. Thus, the activity of the pancreas decreases, which leads to a decrease in the area of ​​damage to the organ. Treatment is carried out comprehensively; it is necessary to eliminate not only the exacerbation of pancreatitis, but also the pathology that caused its development.

In medicine, there is a type of inflammatory process of the pancreas called reactive pancreatitis. Its peculiarity is that the symptoms are very similar to the acute form of the disease. In addition, with reactive pancreatitis, the patient is prescribed similar diagnostic measures and treatment.

Drug therapy

Before prescribing medications to a patient, doctors determine the severity of the disease and the spread of pathological processes. The presence of infection matters. If this is an edematous form of the disease, then the patient is prescribed medications. In the case of the destructive type, surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis will be required.

Drug therapy provides a specific scheme:

• The patient is prescribed medications to relieve pain.
• Medicines that remove toxins from the human body.
• Means that will help stop dehydration during exacerbation of the disease.
• Medicines to restore impaired microcirculation.
• Medicines are prescribed to prevent the development of a bacterial infection.
• Medicines are used that inhibit the functioning of the pancreas.

Antispasmodic drugs help not only relieve pain. They help relax the smooth muscles of the bile duct and sphincter to prevent the reflux of bile into the ducts. In addition, they reduce pressure in the stomach and duodenum during pancreatitis.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are necessary to eliminate pain. But they also have an anti-edematous effect. Sometimes, during severe attacks of pain that accompany the destructive form of pancreatitis, the doctor prescribes narcotic painkillers to his patients.

Important. You should not take medications without consulting a doctor; there is a risk of causing complications and worsening the health of the body.

To combat dehydration, specialists use infusion solutions. They are given intravenously to patients in the hospital. Due to frequent vomiting, a person experiences severe dehydration. This is one of the signs that appears during exacerbation of pancreatitis. The solutions contain potassium chloride; during dehydration there is always a shortage of it.

Along with the restoration of microcirculation, doctors prescribe special medications to get rid of intoxication from the body. Treatment in a hospital involves the use of diuretics and blood cleansing procedures.

The main stage in the fight against acute pancreatitis involves suppression of the pancreas. Qualified specialists prescribe proteolytic enzyme inhibitors to their patients for this purpose. They help reduce the activity of the gland and the productivity of enzymes necessary to maintain the digestive process.

In order not only to relieve an attack of pancreatitis, but also to prevent the development of a bacterial infection, doctors prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics to their patients. They help even if the pancreas is swollen. During exacerbations, the patient is given strong antibiotics, including carbapenems, which are reserve antibacterial agents.

Surgery

Surgical methods to combat acute pancreatitis are used quite often. There are certain indications for the operation:

• signs of inflammation in the pancreas have sharply worsened;
• doctors diagnosed the patient with a destructive form of the disease;
• with the development of focal infected pancreatic necrosis;
• treatment of acute pancreatitis with medications did not lead to positive dynamics;
• intoxication syndrome worsened.

If fluid has formed in the area affected by pathological processes, specialists resort to minimally invasive surgery. During the procedure, drains are installed for a maximum of 2 days to flush the pancreatic cavity and remove dead tissue using antiseptic solutions.

Large-scale surgical treatment will be required if the patient does not feel better after minimally invasive procedures. Main indications for surgery:

• heavy bleeding;
• acute inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity;
• extensive pancreatic necrosis;
• abscess accompanied by perforation;
• development of destructive cholecystitis.

During surgery, surgeons remove parts of the pancreas. The problem is that it is impossible to determine where the healthy and where the affected area is. The doctor may remove tissue that is not affected by the disease.

Surgical procedures for acute pancreatitis:

Distal resection. During the procedure, doctors remove the tail of the pancreas. The operation is prescribed for patients in whom organ damage is limited and an exacerbation develops in a small area.

Subtotal resection. Not only most of the pancreas is removed, but also the tail and body of the organ. Some areas located next to the duodenum remain untouched. To restore the functions of a removed organ, it is necessary to transplant healthy tissue.

Necrosequestrectomy. The procedure is carried out using ultrasound and fluoroscopy. During manipulations, specialists find liquid formations and mark them. Then, using drainage tubes, the contents are removed. The operation ends with washing the affected area. In order for the cavity and wound to gradually heal, doctors leave small drainages, which are also necessary for the outflow of excess fluid.

After surgery, the patient may experience serious consequences in the functioning of the organ, which require further treatment. Therapy will need to be continued at home. During treatment, a person needs to drink digestive enzymes while eating. He will be disturbed by attacks of disorder, symptoms of diabetes.

Considering the seriousness of the situation, this is why qualified specialists insist that treatment take place in a hospital setting, because doctors will be able to provide timely medical assistance to the patient and stop the attack.

Diet food

Doctors prescribe a strict diet for patients with acute pancreatitis. But during the first 4 days you need to completely fast. While the patient is being treated, nutrition should not burden the pancreas.

Menu for a patient with acute pancreatitis:

• Mineral water without carbon, drink in small sips.
• Dishes cooked by steam or water, which contain a sufficient amount of protein (80 grams).
• Products containing fat (60 grams). As for carbohydrates, they should be as small as possible.
• Daily allowance energy value for a patient with acute inflammation should not be more than 2000 kcal.
• Avoid eating salt. It promotes increased swelling, increased production of hydrochloric acid and accelerated digestion.

In case of exacerbation of pancreatitis, you should eat food in small portions, 5-6 times a day. It is better if the dishes are in a liquid or semi-liquid state. A week after the attacks have stopped, the patient is allowed to dilute the menu with mucous soups, jelly, porridge, crackers, steamed lean cutlets, mashed potatoes, weak tea or rosehip decoction.

If your doctor allows it, you can add cheeses, egg white omelettes and baked apples. While the patient is being treated, he should completely avoid fried, smoked, salted, and pickled foods. The same goes for lard, fatty dairy products, baked goods, and alcoholic beverages. The duration of the diet is one year.

The patient should adhere to medical recommendations. Otherwise, violations will lead not only to an exacerbation of the disease, but also to its transition to a chronic form.

Preventative treatment

To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to prevent the disease from becoming chronic. All patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis must undergo treatment in a hospital setting, strictly as prescribed by a specialist.

Every patient must understand that the inflammatory process persists for a long period of time. If a person feels better, one should not refuse drug treatment; it is important to complete the therapy. In such cases, the pathology does not always manifest itself clearly severe symptoms. Refusal of treatment will lead to the development of a chronic form. It is accompanied not only by exacerbations, but also by serious complications.

Prevention includes certain recommendations that doctors advise you to follow:

1. The patient should completely abstain from any type of alcohol.
2. It is necessary to constantly follow a diet.
3. Treat various infectious diseases (caries, sinusitis, otitis, cholecystitis) in a timely manner.
4. Remove medications from your medicine cabinet that can harm the pancreas.
5. By following all the rules and recommendations, you can avoid not only the development of pathological processes, but also the exacerbation of the disease.

If the patient refuses treatment for acute pancreatitis, there is a risk of developing a reactive type of pathology. Therefore, it is important to promptly seek help from medical specialists in order to receive qualified assistance. Treatment of reactive pancreatitis is carried out with medication or surgery, strictly in a hospital setting.

alkogolu.net

The ambulance doctor conducts an initial examination of the patient. If acute pancreatitis is suspected, he will inject antispasmodic drugs. The pain will decrease if the attack is associated with cholelithiasis. With primary pancreatitis, the effect is insignificant.

Treatment of pancreatitis in adults and children during exacerbation must begin with the inpatient stage. The patient must be hospitalized in the surgical department. This does not mean that emergency surgical treatment is required. The patient is observed and urgent examinations are carried out.

The classic scheme requires assigning “hunger, cold and thirst”. An ice pack is placed on the epigastric region. Eating and drinking are not allowed for two to four days. Then they switch to liquid food.

To relieve pain, a thin catheter is inserted through the nose into the stomach for 2–3 days; it is connected to a suction device to create a slight negative pressure. At the same time, intravenous painkillers are administered. If there is no vomiting, you can give Almagel A orally. The attending physician decides which drug to use.

In order to combat intoxication during pancreatitis, Hemodez, Mannitol, and diuretics are administered intravenously to reduce swelling of the pancreas.

The only way to prevent tissue breakdown is by inhibiting enzyme activity. For this purpose, Trasylol, Contrikal, Gordox are used intravenously.

All patients require large doses of antibiotics because inflammation develops around and inside the pancreas. Use 2 antibiotics (intravenously and intramuscularly).

To maintain blood pressure in a state of shock, hormonal and cardiovascular agents can be administered.

Intoxication is treated with solutions of electrolytes, glucose, and Reopoliglucin.

If there are symptoms of peritoneal irritation, the abdominal cavity is drained and medications and antibiotics are administered directly into the cavity through a catheter. Exists surgical method treatment is resection of the head of the pancreas, but it is resorted to in the absence of results from other methods.

Treatment of pancreatitis in adults is often complicated by the presence of gallstones, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and concomitant peptic ulcer. Therefore, it is impossible to cure such a set of diseases forever. But after hospital treatment, the patient will have to follow the recommendations of the gastroenterologist and therapist for a long time in order to cure at least part of the pathological changes.

When acute symptoms are resolved in the hospital, a difficult period awaits the patient’s adaptation to a different diet and regimen. If anyone thinks whether it is possible to cure pancreatitis without a diet, with medications alone, he is very mistaken. Strict adherence to a dietary regimen for pancreatitis is as much a part of treatment as expensive medications. It is necessary to avoid fatty foods, lard, and rich broths for a long time. Fried foods are contraindicated. You can only eat boiled, baked or steamed foods. Instead of strong coffee and tea, dried fruit compote and rosehip decoction are recommended. Cake and pastries are replaced with dry cookies.

Any dietary disorder or alcohol intake will cause the exacerbation to return in a more severe form.

The duration of the acute period for pancreatitis lasts up to five weeks. It is believed that it takes at least a year to restore the enzymatic balance of the pancreas.

At the outpatient stage, the patient should take the following medications for a long time:

• antispasmodics - recommended for increased pain (No-shpa, Platifillin);
• enzymes as assistants in restoring impaired digestion in the intestines (Mezim, Pancreatin, Panzinorm, Festal, Creon), only a doctor can choose the right enzymatic preparation, taking into account its activity and combination with bile acids;
• drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice (Almagel, Phosphalugel);
• a vitamin complex, including such as A, B, D, E, which restore fat metabolism.

The normalization of the enzyme composition is judged by the cessation of diarrhea in the patient and the absence of undigested food in the stool analysis.

The correct thing to do is a patient with chronic pancreatitis who is constantly treated under the supervision of a doctor and undergoes complete and regular examinations.

This is due to the individual characteristics of each organism and its different response to the same treatment. Moreover, there are diseases for which it is impossible to predict any time frame for treatment, since it is almost impossible to completely get rid of the disease.

The most accurate answer to the question of how long to treat pancreatitis can only be the phrase - all your life. Or rather, the process itself medical intervention does not last long - usually the acute condition is relieved within a few days. However, everyone who has been diagnosed with pancreatitis at least once in their life must understand that how long they can avoid remembering such an unpleasant disease depends only on their lifestyle.

Another factor that will determine how long pancreatitis is treated is its form. Usually, upon initial detection of the disease (acute attack), inpatient treatment is prescribed for 7-10 days, and then maintenance therapy for up to six months, including choleretic, enzyme, hepatoprotective drugs and vitamins. Of course, maintaining a strict diet is a prerequisite. If the disease was detected at the very beginning and all rules and recommendations were followed, it is quite possible that the patient will never remember pancreatitis again.

But how long you will have to be treated if you do not care about your health and allow the transition of an acute form of inflammation into a chronic one - one can only guess. The later therapy is started for pancreatic disease, the more tissue in it will be affected, therefore, the functions of the organ will significantly deteriorate and it will be extremely difficult to talk about specific dates.

That is why the most important thing for the patient is not to find out from the doctor how long pancreatitis is treated, but to follow all his recommendations, give up alcohol and smoking, switch to a balanced diet and other factors that allow you to forget about pancreatitis, if not forever, then at least for a while. quite a long period of time. Remember, the success of therapy depends not on how long you spend in the hospital, but mostly on how carefully you adhere to the regimen.

How long do you have to stay in the hospital for pancreatitis?

The length of hospital stay for pancreatitis depends directly on the form of the disease and on the presence and severity of complications. In case of exacerbation of chronic inflammation of the pancreas, the length of stay in the hospital may take only 2-3 days, and the patient will be prescribed a specific treatment regimen for subsequent therapy at home. If there is an acute form of pancreatitis, then the patient will have to remain under the constant supervision of doctors for at least a week, up to 5-6 weeks. This is due to the abundance of complications on various organs that acute inflammation of the pancreas causes. In this case, the lungs, kidneys, and blood system can be affected. Sometimes the patient requires parenteral nutrition for an entire month. Only a doctor can decide how long a particular patient needs to stay in the hospital with pancreatitis, since the patient’s subjective positive feelings do not always indicate an improvement in the condition.

Both acute and chronic forms of the disease require strict instructions to be followed over a long period of time. And if after acute inflammation of the pancreas, the duration of treatment for pancreatitis can take about six months with further anti-relapse therapy for several years, then, unfortunately, getting rid of the chronic form turns into a way of life.

Inpatient therapy for pancreatitis

Pancreatitis in the acute stage is treated exclusively in a hospital setting. The disease can leave a mark in the form of disability or lead to death. At the first suspicion of acute pancreatitis, a person is taken to surgery or intensive care. Treatment is medicinal, in difficult cases - surgical.

Hospitalization

Treatment of pancreatitis in a hospital does not last long. If the form is mild, then the patient is prescribed infusion therapy, after which the patient can go home. You should contact specialists in a timely manner; the outcome of treatment and the time a person with pancreatitis spends in the hospital depends on timeliness.

If acute pancreatitis is suspected, hospitalization is recommended. A correct assessment of the condition can only be carried out in a hospital, since there is the necessary equipment with which the source of inflammation is diagnosed. Not only treatment methods, but also tactics depend on an adequate diagnosis.

Upon arrival at the emergency room, a patient with acute damage to the pancreas is prescribed the following diagnostic procedures, How:

• hemogram (assessment of the presence of leukocytes);
• blood test (biochemistry), detection of pancreatic enzymes;
• Ultrasound (assessment of the localization of the inflammatory process);
• laparoscopy.

After initial research in the hospital, specialists calculate the form of the disease and the amount of inflammation. In addition, they look at how high the risk of complications is. Next, the specialist makes a decision on further treatment. It can be medicinal or operative (surgical), but the patient must take the medications.

What is done in the hospital during exacerbation of pancreatitis

The patient should be in intensive care under the full supervision of doctors. People usually come for treatment with an edematous or necrotic form. Statistics indicate that 70% of cases with this development of the disease require conservative treatment. The goal of therapy is to stabilize the patient's condition and prevent the destructive stage. In addition, specialists need to quickly bring the patient back to normal, since the risk of death is high.

At the early stage of pancreatitis, the pathological process can be controlled, so a whole range of procedures must be applied to remove the patient from a life-threatening condition.

What is done in the treatment of acute pancreatic damage?

• Rest of the pancreas. If vomiting and pain are present, the doctor prescribes fasting, which must be followed for 3-4 days. A catheter is also installed through which the contents of the stomach are released for 1-4 days. The patient should take antacids and drink mineral water, preferably cold. In severe cases, blockers are administered to the patient.
• Elimination of puffiness. To stimulate diuresis, the patient is given diuretics, this is done intravenously. A cold pack is also included.
• Anesthesia. To relieve pain, novocaine blockades and analgesics are prescribed. It is worth noting that narcotic drugs can also be used. To eliminate hypertension in the bile ducts, antispasmodics are used, which dilate blood vessels.
• Enzyme activity. To suppress their movement, substances are used that prevent chemical reaction. Antienzymes in large dosages normalize processes in the pancreas and renew organ tissue.

If a serious situation with intoxication occurs, treatment is prescribed taking into account the characteristics of the person.

• Therapy. Antibiotics are used only for purulent complications. Mainly used are bicomponent drugs that have the ability to accumulate active ingredients in its natural form.
• Metabolism. To normalize metabolic processes, it is necessary to ensure acid and water balance. To do this, soda, saline and plasma solutions are administered.
• Detoxification of the body. If necessary and the patient's condition requires it, thoracic duct drainage or dialysis is performed.

Nutrition and medications

After the patient has had an acute attack, he will have a difficult period of adaptation to a new life with significant changes, especially with regard to nutrition. To get used to a new way of life, medications alone will not be enough. The patient’s diet is also controlled, since this part of the therapy is no less important for pancreatitis.

It is recommended to avoid fried foods, fatty foods and certain types of meat. Products must be steamed or baked. From the liquid, you should give preference to rosehip decoction and compote (dried fruits). Dry cookies can replace cakes and cakes.

If diet therapy is disrupted, exacerbation of pancreatitis will return in a more severe form.

The acute period of pancreatitis lasts a little more than a month, but it will take about 12 months for the body to recover after this. Treatment in a hospital involves long-term medication use - the classic scheme.

• Drugs that relieve spasms (No-shpa, platifillin).
• Medicines that improve digestion (Mezim, Pancreatin, Festal).
• Agents that reduce acidity (Almagel).
• Complex of vitamins (A, B, E, D).

When the patient begins to recover, it is advisable for him to drink herbal decoctions. Healing plants, from which the drink is produced, quickly have a mild anti-inflammatory effect and normalize metabolism. Drug intolerance is also important, so a qualified doctor should carefully select medications.

When drugs are not effective

Carrying out enzyme treatment in a hospital can cause pain in the mouth, irritation of the skin in the perianal area, abdominal pain, allergies, and fibrosis. Substances in the pancreas often form “sets” with folic acid and prevent it from being completely absorbed.

In almost all patients, after taking drugs with enzymes, the Clinical signs diseases. If such an effect is not observed, doctors attribute this to reasons such as:

• violation by the patient of the prescribed treatment regimen (wrong time or skipping pills);
• incorrect diagnosis (may be giardiasis or celiac disease). Enzyme therapy is often not suitable for people with diabetes or gastrointestinal disorders;
• incorrect dosage of the medicine, in which the desired indicator is not observed;
• an inappropriate scheme, which does not result in the formation of an acid-protective coating.

In the first hours of exacerbation of pancreatitis, antibiotics should be administered in a daily dosage as prophylaxis; this is the standard for primary manipulations at the initial stage of treatment of pancreatitis. To eliminate pathological processes and endocrine insufficiency, insulin should be used, but in fractional doses. The size of the administered substance depends on the nature of the diet, glucose, and patient activity. It is very dangerous to reduce the glucose level to less than 80 mg, since this moment can provoke hypoglycemia.

The video will discuss the symptoms and treatment of pancreatitis:

How long does it take to treat pancreatitis? Deadlines?

If you have at least once had a case of acute pancreatitis, then you will have to monitor the condition of the pancreas all your life. Because any errors in nutrition can provoke an attack of pancreatitis. You should exclude alcohol, smoked, salty, spicy, fried, fatty, sweets. Eat little by little. , but often. Acute pacreatitis is treated in a hospital, exacerbation of chronic pacreatitis is treated on an outpatient basis. Usually after 2-3 weeks there is an improvement, subsidence of pain and improvement in the functions of the pancreas, but a strict diet should continue for several months. Careful attention to the pancreas and proper nutrition will allow prevent exacerbations in the future, and therefore reduce the risk of possible diabetes.

If acute pancreatitis may last 2-3 weeks. If this chronic illness, then in fact it is for life. However, you can treat it so that there are no exacerbations. I also recommend doing psychosomatics. From a psychosomatic point of view, the pancreas can hurt for various psychosomatic reasons:

1) Human greed, rather greed.

2) Anger because you cannot show your will. If you constantly limit yourself in something, you cannot say anything, and this makes you very angry, this all negatively affects the functioning of the pancreas.

There are other possible reasons. Every person has psychological blocks, vices or negative feelings, all of which negatively affect our health.

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic (ongoing). The pancreas is a gland that secretes both digestive enzymes and important hormones. Alcohol abuse is one of the most common causes of chronic pancreatitis, followed by gallstones.

Pancreatitis is one of the least common diseases digestive system. Treatment includes abstinence from alcohol, fasting until the inflammation subsides, medications and surgery.

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the condition.

Treatment may include:

Treatment in hospital is in all cases of acute pancreatitis.

Intensive care in hospital - in cases of severe acute pancreatitis.

Post and intravenous infusions- until the inflammation calms down.

Pain relief - adequate pain relief is essential and is often given by vein (intravenously).

Endoscopy - a thin tube is inserted through your esophagus to allow the doctor to see your pancreas. This device is used to inject dye into bile ducts and pancreas. Stones can be noticed and removed directly.

Surgery - If gallstones are present, removing the gallbladder will help prevent further attacks. In rare cases, surgery is necessary to remove damaged or dead areas of the pancreas.

Lifestyle change - don't drink alcohol.

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute or chronic.

Treatment options include fasting until the inflammation subsides, removing gallstones, abstinence from alcohol, medications and surgery.

Treatment of pancreatitis in a hospital: stages and duration

Often, at the first attacks of pancreatitis, a person requires immediate hospitalization, especially if the abdominal pain becomes unbearable.

Due to this, planned activities have to be postponed, so many patients are interested in how long they stay in the hospital with pancreatitis. The answer to this question may depend on the type of inflammation of the pancreas, the speed of diagnosis and many other factors.

What to do in case of an acute attack of pancreatitis?

If a person exhibits symptoms of an attack of pancreatitis, the first step is to call an ambulance. While doctors are getting to the patient, it is important to quickly provide first aid. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Place the patient on a sofa or bed.
2. Apply a heating pad filled with cold water or a wet napkin. It is strictly forbidden to heat the abdominal area.
3. Open a window indoors. Ventilate it.

When the doctor arrives at the place, he will carry out the necessary procedures based on the information provided. clinical picture. Most often, Papaverine is administered during attacks of pain. Next, the patient is admitted to the hospital, but hospitalization cannot be refused.

At the first attacks of pain in the abdominal area, you must call a doctor or go to the hospital. A delay of even a few hours can seriously affect the patient’s condition and cause complications. In addition, acute pancreatitis without proper treatment can quickly develop into chronic pancreatitis.

Hospitalization

How long does it take to treat pancreatitis after hospitalization? In case of exacerbation, infusion treatment is usually required, after which the patient is discharged to continue therapy at home. As soon as the patient is admitted to the hospital, his blood pressure is measured and he is sent for an initial examination to the doctor. Next, it is necessary to carry out the following diagnostic measures:

• blood test to determine leukocytes and enzymes;
• laparoscopy;
• ultrasound examination.

After carrying out all the necessary procedures, the doctor evaluates the pancreas and the patient’s condition and identifies the form of pancreatitis. Based on the data obtained, a method and treatment plan are selected and medications are selected. Treatment for moderate severity is carried out in the intensive care unit; for severe pain and intoxication, resuscitation may be required.

Treatment in hospital

Acute pancreatitis in adults is treated in a hospital using the following measures:

1. First of all, it is necessary to relieve pain. For this purpose, medications such as Baralgin, Novocain, Analgin, Promedol in the form of tablets and injections are used.
2. The second step is to carry out hypertension of the bile outlet channels. A drug such as No-Shpa is suitable for this.
3. It is imperative to remove the load from the pancreas and ensure rest. Water fasting will help with this. In the first few days after starting treatment, you can drink regular drinking and mineral water.
4. Prevention of thrombosis is often important.

How long do emergency measures last? This usually takes a few minutes, but sometimes it takes the whole day. After they are completed, a period of intensive therapy begins.

It includes taking sorbents (Smecta, Almagel) and anti-inflammatory medications (Gordox and Mannitol by drip, Contrikal). To reduce hydrolysis, diuretics (Furosemide) are prescribed.

To prevent deterioration of the patient's condition, it is necessary to clean and drain the stomach, as well as check the condition of other internal organs, but complete medical examination is not carried out due to its dangerous condition. To facilitate the work of the pancreas, insulin injections are given.

Thus, it usually takes about 7–10 days to eliminate an attack of acute pancreatitis or an exacerbation of its chronic form, with the first 2–3 days being the period of the most intensive therapy. After discharge from the hospital, the patient must be under the supervision of doctors for one and a half to six months.

Chronic pancreatitis should be treated with periodic examinations, adherence to the regimen and self-administration of recommended medications.

Surgical intervention

How many people stay in hospitals with pancreatitis if surgery is necessary? This form of treatment can take varying amounts of time, depending on the scale of the problem.

Treatment of pancreatitis with surgery may be prescribed when complications are diagnosed. It is indicated for jaundice, lack of benefit from medications, and detection of formations in the pancreas on ultrasound.

In this case, time will be needed not only for preparation and actual surgical intervention, but also for the rehabilitation period. Thus, the patient spends about a week in the hospital after it and spends another 1.5-2 months in home treatment.

He is prescribed a special diet, drug therapy, physical exercise, and also make a daily routine plan. It is necessary to be admitted to the hospital again at the first signs of complications.

Conclusion

When a person experiences severe pain and signs of acute pancreatitis, there is a high likelihood that they will be admitted to hospital. In such cases, you cannot hesitate and it is important to immediately seek qualified help.

In the most successful cases, it is thus possible to get rid of the disease within a week, however, with delay and violation of the regime, therapy can drag on for up to several months.

Treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital

Treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital setting is a prerequisite in order to prevent the development of complications. In the event that you do not apply for it in time medical care and not starting treatment can lead to serious consequences such as disability or death.

Hospitalization

The treatment process in an inpatient setting lasts a fairly short time, especially if the patient sought medical help at the first symptoms. When, after examinations, a patient is diagnosed with a mild form of pancreatitis, then special infusion therapy is prescribed to get rid of the disease.

Treatment is carried out quickly, especially if the patient comes in at the first symptoms

After the therapy, the patient is allowed to go home, but despite this, it is recommended to follow certain rules that will prevent the development of the disease and be sure to follow a strict diet.

How to get rid of hemorrhoids without the help of doctors, at home?!

• stool returned to normal
• pain, burning and discomfort stopped
• the nodes dissolved and the veins became toned
• life began to sparkle with new colors and this problem will never bother you again

Elena Malysheva will tell us about this. This problem cannot be neglected, otherwise it may develop into oncology, but it can and should be treated! with the help of a timely course of treatment and only proven means.

If a patient is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, emergency hospitalization is recommended. As soon as such a patient arrives at the emergency department with signs of acute pancreatitis, he is first given certain diagnostic procedures, such as:

• a hemogram is performed, based on the results of which the presence of leukocytes is assessed;
• a blood test is taken for biochemistry and detection of pancreatic enzymes;
• An ultrasound examination is performed, which helps to assess the localization of the inflammatory process;
• Laparoscopy is performed.

After conducting initial studies, the form of the disease and the amount of inflammation are determined, and the possible risk development of complications. After this, an accurate diagnosis is made and a final decision is made on the method of further therapy. No matter what decision is made, medications are prescribed even if an operation is planned.

Actions to take during a severe attack of pancreatitis

Even if you do not suffer from a disease such as pancreatitis, everyone should know about its symptoms and what to do in the event of an acute attack before the ambulance arrives.

If you suddenly experience pain in the rib area, it is strictly forbidden to self-medicate or endure the pain, and you must immediately call an ambulance. Before doctors arrive, you can take painkillers such as Spazmalgon or Analgin to relieve symptoms.

Under no circumstances should you run out a hot bath, apply a heating pad, or apply material to the area where the pain is manifested. Among other things, it is strictly forbidden to drink liquids, and especially alcoholic beverages. If the patient begins to vomit due to acute pain, under no circumstances should you take antiemetic drugs.

Before the ambulance arrives, the patient must be laid down and kept at rest.

Before the ambulance arrives, you must do the following:

• place the patient on a sofa or bed, preferably in a semi-sitting position;
• Apply a cold cloth to the area where the pain is most intense;
• Thoroughly ventilate the room at all times.

As soon as the doctor arrives to the patient, the patient will be provided with the first medical assistance, and appropriate injections were given to alleviate his condition. In such a situation, it is strictly forbidden to refuse hospitalization, since the acute pain that appears indicates the development of a severe pathological process in the patient’s body.

Treatment of acute pancreatitis in hospital settings

If an acute attack of pancreatitis occurs, immediate treatment in a hospital setting is mandatory. After the research, certain treatment measures are prescribed, which are carried out in two stages. First of all, the symptoms of an attack of pancreatitis are relieved, and then the functions of the pancreas are restored.

As mentioned earlier, to treat acute pancreatitis in a hospital, it is first necessary to stop the attack.

To do this, the patient is strictly prohibited from eating and drinking water, and is also provided with complete rest and a heating pad with ice is placed on the stomach. The use of painkillers at this stage is strictly prohibited. If necessary, the doctor numbs the patient with injections. For this purpose, preference is given to such medicinal injections as Platiphylline, Nitroglycerin, Drotaverine, Anthropy, Papaverine and others.

If necessary, the doctor will prescribe pain-relieving injections

After the attack is stopped, you can begin to restore the functions of the pancreas. I would also like to draw your attention to the fact that you should not try to stop an attack of acute pancreatitis on your own, as this can only significantly worsen the situation.

After a stopped attack, the doctor selects restorative therapy in each case individually, depending on the established cause of the pathology, as well as the degree of damage to the organ and the individual characteristics of the body.

Note! In some cases, surgical intervention is necessary to treat acute pancreatitis. This mainly happens if the patient has strict indications.

In some situations, surgery is necessary

Basically, for the treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital setting, the doctor prescribes the following drugs:

1. Antibiotics - such drugs are prescribed if the development of pancreatitis is provoked infectious diseases or previous surgery.
2. Enzymes - these drugs are prescribed to reduce the enzymatic activity of the organ and normalize its condition.
3. Medicines containing live bacteria are used to restore intestinal microflora and avoid the development of dysbiosis.

Also, if acute pancreatitis is accompanied by additional symptoms, then all associated pathologies also need to be treated. For this, the doctor also selects appropriate medications. Among other things, in a hospital setting, detoxification of the body is carried out, which includes cleansing the blood of decay products. Basically, for this procedure, an appropriate intravenous drip is performed.

When carrying out all therapeutic measures, a certain diet is recommended as a complex therapy, which is prescribed by the attending physician. As for surgical intervention, surgery is usually scheduled approximately a week after drug treatment. The main indications for the operation include:

• abscess;
• infected pancreatic necrosis;
• purulent peritonitis;
• necrosis more than 50%;
• pancreatogenic peritonitis.

The doctor will prescribe proper nutrition

The operation can be carried out planned, delayed or emergency. Currently, there are two methods of surgery to combat acute pancreatitis. This is a laparotomy and a minimally invasive method. The choice of method is made by the doctor depending on the severity of the pathology.

The harm of self-medication

When a person, when the first signs of pancreatitis appear, tries not to pay attention to it and prefers self-medication, this can lead to quite serious complications. Complications of acute pancreatitis include the following pathologies:

• pancreatic abscess - this complication develops due to infection in the inflamed gland. The abscess tends to spread to neighboring organs;
• expansion of inflammation - this complication can very quickly spread to neighboring organs and, in addition, cause a chemical burn;
• formation of a pseudocyst - this complication is not very common, but is still considered very serious. In some cases, rupture of a pseudocyst can be fatal;
• development of DIC syndrome - this syndrome is also a very dangerous pathology, which results in blood thickening and the formation of blood clots. Treatment of such a disease is considered very difficult and almost never brings results, but on the contrary, over time becomes the cause of the patient’s death;
• sepsis - in the process of this pathology, infection penetrates into the blood and becomes infected. Such consequences in most cases lead to death.

If the patient refuses treatment for pancreatitis in the hospital and prefers self-medication, then no one is immune from the occurrence of severe and irreparable complications. That is why you should seek medical help at the first symptoms and strictly follow all the recommendations of your doctor in the future.

Conclusion

In order for you to never worry about the question of how pancreatitis is treated in a hospital, and how long they stay in the hospital with pancreatitis, you need to regularly conduct preventive actions. To do this, you should completely stop drinking alcohol, as well as other bad habits. In addition, you should exclude fatty, spicy, fried and smoked foods from your diet. If the disease has already appeared, then in order to prevent its recurrence and exclude the development of complications, you must immediately seek help from a medical institution and strictly follow all the recommendations of the attending physician. When a doctor advises treatment in a hospital, you should not refuse this, since otherwise the development of pathology may not only have an impact negative impact on the body, but also cause death.

Treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital: how long do they stay in the hospital?

An acute attack of pancreatitis is accompanied by a significant deterioration in well-being; the patient experiences severe pain, up to loss of consciousness. It is impossible to cope with such a situation at home. The patient needs to be hospitalized.

Lack of adequate treatment leads to inability to work, resulting in disability, and in the worst case, death. Treatment of pancreatitis in a hospital has its own characteristics; it helps restore the functionality of the pancreas.

In which department are they treated with pancreatitis? It all depends on the clinical picture. Sometimes the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit, where conservative therapy is carried out. In some cases, the patient must be admitted to the surgical department if surgery is necessary.

Let's figure out when hospitalization is needed for pancreatitis, and how is treatment carried out in an inpatient setting?

What to do in case of an acute attack?

Before you find out what the treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital is, you need to pay attention to calling an ambulance. What can you do before medical specialists arrive, and what is not recommended? Every patient should know the answers to these questions.

If there is severe pain under the left or right rib, then it is strictly forbidden to endure it. The situation will not improve on its own. We need to call an ambulance. Before the doctor arrives, you should not take painkillers (Analgin, Spazmalgon and other drugs).

Do not apply a warm or hot heating pad to sore spot; pull the subcostal part with a scarf or handkerchief; take alcoholic drinks to reduce pain; Drink any liquids at all. If severe nausea or vomiting is present, antiemetic medications are prohibited for use until doctors arrive.

If the disease worsens, you can do the following:

• Place the patient on a bed or sofa in a semi-sitting position.
• Apply a damp, cold cloth or a cold heating pad to the painful area.
• Ventilate the room.

If the patient has been suffering from inflammation of the pancreas for a long time, he should be registered with medical institution at his place of registration with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, which means that he has experienced a complication of the disease.

The visiting doctor will conduct necessary treatment, based clinical symptoms. To hospitalize a patient due to severe pain, they inject Papaverine diluted with saline solution.

It is strictly forbidden to refuse hospitalization, despite any difficulties at work, in the family, etc. Severe pain indicates the onset of severe pathological changes in the body.

Hospitalization of a patient with pancreatitis

How long do people stay in the hospital with pancreatitis? There is no exact answer to the question. When the patient has a mild exacerbation, infusion therapy is recommended, then the patient can go home. The duration of treatment in a hospital depends on the timeliness of contacting doctors.

After the patient enters the emergency room, blood pressure and body temperature are first measured. Next, the doctor palpates the abdominal area, examines the whites of the eyes for yellowness, assesses the condition of the upper and lower limbs for swelling.

Other diagnostic methods:

1. The presence of leukocytes in the blood is assessed.
2. Biochemical blood test, determination of enzymes.
3. Ultrasound examination to identify the localization of the inflammatory process.
4. Laparoscopy.

After primary diagnosis medical specialist The form of the disease, localization and volume of the lesion are determined. The likelihood of complications developing is calculated. Based on this information, a decision is made on further therapy. Treatment can be conservative or surgical. But the patient takes medications anyway.

In cases of moderate severity, treatment is carried out in the intensive care unit. If the patient is diagnosed with extensive intoxication, threat of coma, loss of consciousness due to painful shock, immediately go to the intensive care unit.

Inpatient therapy

The patient must remain in the hospital under the supervision of doctors. The vast majority of patients are admitted for treatment with an edematous or necrotic type of pathology. In many cases - approximately 70%; medical treatment with drugs is sufficient.

The goal is to stabilize a person’s condition and prevent destructive damage to the body. The patient must be stabilized as quickly as possible, as the likelihood of death is high.

First you need to implement a set of measures that help reduce the load on the pancreas. During the period of severe pain, nausea and vomiting, the patient does not receive food through the mouth. Drinking is prohibited. With mild and moderate degree hunger continues for 2-4 days. On days 3-5 you can eat liquid food for 3-5 days.

A catheter is placed through the nose into the stomach, which helps create low pressure. It is in the stomach for an hour. Most often, this measure reduces pain in patients within several hours.

If there is no intense pain, then antacid medications are recommended - Almagel 10 ml 4 times a day. If the course is severe, parenteral administration of blockers is carried out.

Actions to reduce swelling internal organ:

• Cold heating pad on the organ area.
• Mannitol solution is injected into a vein.
• Drip Hemodez.
• On the first day, Furosemide is administered.

To prevent enzyme intoxication, use Contrical. The drug is administered into the body intravenously - up to 3 times a day. Relatively often, patients experience allergic reactions to administered medications. Therefore, when removing a patient from a serious condition, it is necessary to have ampoules with Prednisolone on hand.

If an adult is diagnosed with a necrotic form, then treatment with antibacterial drugs is mandatory. Tienam is usually prescribed in doses of 250 or 500 mg, administered slowly by drip.

Analgin is prescribed as painkillers - administered intravenously or intramuscularly; Procaine, Promedol. In most pictures, analgesics of a narcotic and non-narcotic nature are combined with the use of myotropic antispasmodics.

To adjust the water and electrolyte balance, you need to administer an isotonic sodium chloride solution or a 5% glucose solution. The latter option is used only in cases where the patient's glucose concentration is within the normal range. To combat heart failure, a solution of hormones (adrenaline and norepinephrine) and catecholamines is used.

The disease cannot be cured, but in the hospital, doctors normalize the patient’s condition and improve the activity of the pancreas.

The course of therapy in a hospital setting lasts 3 weeks. After hospital therapy, it is necessary to undergo preventive treatment after 6-8 months to prevent relapse of the disease.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis in hospital

After receiving assistance in a medical institution, the patient must be treated on an outpatient basis, follow a pancreatic diet, and take all medications recommended by the doctor. Patients are often diagnosed with cholecystitis, which is taken into account in the treatment plan.

Patients are prescribed to undergo treatment in the hospital twice a year. The full course lasts 3-3.5 weeks. Upon admission, desensitization is carried out, which involves cleansing the body of toxins and toxic substances.

Upon admission, enema procedures are performed, the stomach is necessarily washed, preventive fasting for pancreatitis under the supervision of doctors is recommended. These actions help improve the functioning of the pancreas. The patient needs to stay on a water diet for about 72 hours.

Prescribed sorbents:

Rheosorbilact is administered intravenously every day, the dosage is 200 ml. Upon completion of this stage, the patient is recommended to eat in accordance with dietary table number 14, 15 or 16.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed:

• Kontrikal. Contraindications: not prescribed during pregnancy, intolerance to large proteins cattle, individual intolerance to the drug. The medicine is administered intravenously, the standard dosage is. It is permissible to increase according to indications.
• Gordoks. Not used in the first trimester of pregnancy. It is administered dropwise, very slowly. Speed ​​– no more than 5-10 ml per minute. Injected only into the main veins. To begin with, it is necessary to administer 1 ml - a test “portion”, since the patient may have an allergic reaction.
• Mannitol is administered by drop or jet method. The dosage varies from 150 to 200 ml. Contraindications include severe liver failure, impaired filtration in the kidneys, hemorrhagic stroke. Cannot be used if you have organic intolerance.

The choice of drugs is determined by the results laboratory research. Based on them, the doctor describes the necessary treatment regimen.

The use of Furosemide is necessary as a diuretic drug that helps reduce hydrolysis in the soft tissues of muscles. The standard dosage is 1 tablet every three days. Furosemide is usually combined with Asparkam.

As a result, we note that it is necessary to promptly treat acute and chronic pancreatitis in a medical institution. This allows you to restore the functioning of the internal organ and the synthesis of the most important hormones of the pancreas, which significantly improves the quality of life.

How pancreatitis is treated is described in the video in this article.

The duration of treatment for pancreatitis is a long road to recovery

Currently, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are a common pathology. With complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, heaviness in the epigastric region or heaviness after eating, people are increasingly turning to the doctor. Such symptoms are caused by a large number of factors and diseases, which also include pancreatic pathologies.

The development of an inflammatory process in the pancreas is called pancreatitis. Pancreatitis in adults can be treated for a long time, because not all patients may develop the acute phase of the disease, and the chronic form can proceed for a long period without clear signs.

Basic forms

Based on the general clinical picture, several forms of the disease are distinguished, which differ in duration, severity and symptoms. How long pancreatitis is treated depends directly on the type and concomitant diseases.

Acute phase

In the acute phase, several forms are distinguished:

The fatty and hemorrhagic stages belong to pancreatic necrosis; during the development process there is a change in three degrees of the disease:

1. Enzyme toxemia.
2. Temporary remission.
3. Sequestration and purulent complications.

The degree of spread of the disease can be total, subtotal and limited. The disease acquires a confluent or focal character with the development of the fatty type.

The main characteristic of pancreatitis is the appearance of pain localized in the upper abdomen, which is girdling in nature and radiates to the lumbar region, shoulder blade, arm and neck area.

The appearance of pain that was provoked by irritation of receptors or high blood pressure in the bile and pancreatic ducts, may be protracted.

With the development of an inflammatory process in the body, the chemical breakdown of trypsin, an enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of peptides and proteins, is activated. Due to the absence of disturbances in the innervation, a patient with edematous pancreatitis develops severe pain. If there is damage to the nerve endings, the pain becomes easy character. Great danger represent high intoxication and severe dehydration of the entire body.

How long does acute pancreatitis last in an adult? The duration of an exacerbation can range from several hours to one week. Most often, acute pancreatitis lasts several days. This type of pancreatitis has an increased mortality rate, so treatment should begin as soon as possible. The overall mortality rate ranges from 7 to 15%, and with the development of a destructive form from%.

The main symptoms of the acute form include:

With pancreatitis, the patient may develop Gray-Turner's symptom and Cullen's symptom

Chronic form

In the chronic form, an inflammatory-degenerative process develops in the body. One can distinguish recurrent, painful, latent or indurative types of chronic pancreatitis.

Timely initiation of treatment for the disease will allow achieving a positive effect after two to six months. The main goal of such therapy is to achieve remission. Chronic pancreatitis can be treated for a long time; therapy generally requires adherence to basic doctor recommendations throughout your life.

Often chronic pancreatitis is accompanied by other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which include:

If a person is diagnosed with a chronic type of disease, then to suppress the main symptoms he needs to take medications and follow a strict diet, which will save the patient from relapse. The timing of chronic pancreatitis and its exacerbation directly depends on correctly selected therapy.

This form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of girdling pain, which radiates to the right or left hypochondrium. In some cases, the pain syndrome becomes permanent.

The patient suffers from belching, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, and unstable bowel movements. Pain intensifies when eating fatty foods and heavy physical activity.

In terms of treatment time, pathology occupies a leading place among other gastrointestinal diseases. This is due to the increased sensitivity of the pancreas, which reacts to junk food and alcohol. Increases the duration of chronic pancreatitis accompanying illnesses digestive system, which are also chronic.

Reactive form

This type of disease is characterized by immediate development and the appearance of symptoms. The main cause of an attack is food, which has a irritant effect. As a result, the pancreatic ducts are blocked, leading to the digestion of the organ itself by enzymes. Since the development of symptoms is acute, the patient will require assistance from medical personnel.

After contacting an ambulance, treatment will be prescribed, during which the attack of pain will be relieved. Analgesics and antispasmodics are prescribed. The attack does not last long: with complete rest, the disease subsides after three to four days.

Treatment of the disease is selected exclusively by the doctor, based on concomitant diseases, general condition and characteristics of the patient’s body. The use of traditional medicine methods is also permitted with the permission of a specialist. It is important to remember that the pancreas is a sensitive organ that responds with the development of discomfort to the slightest irritant.

Therapy

Acute pancreatitis or exacerbation is best treated in a hospital setting. The first step is to follow a starvation diet and prescribe narcotic analgesics, which act as a pain reliever. In addition, the patient is given IV drips saline solution, plasma and albumin.

Medicines are prescribed that have a blocking effect on pancreatic enzymes. In the absence of a positive effect or with the development severe complication– peritonitis, resort to emergency, surgical methods of treatment.

1. In such cases, the pancreas is treated by washing the abdominal cavity. To do this, peritoneal lavage is performed, which draws out the fluid accumulated from inflammation.
2. Another method of surgical treatment is removal of damaged tissue. Such surgical intervention is a dangerous and difficult treatment method and is prescribed in emergency cases.
3. Once acute symptoms have subsided, gallbladder removal may be necessary.

Another method is used to treat chronic pancreatitis. For this:

1. A strict diet is prescribed.
2. Painkillers are prescribed.
3. Enzymes are prescribed in the form of medications (Creon, Mezim).
4. They treat other diseases, especially diabetes.
5. Cholelithiasis is treated.

If conservative treatment does not achieve the desired result, surgery is prescribed. Endoscopic treatment is also practiced, after which pancreatitis goes away.

Thus, pancreatitis is a disease that entails a disruption in the functioning of the entire digestive system. When the pancreas is inflamed, a person should follow a correct lifestyle. First of all, it is necessary to eliminate alcohol and eat nutritiously and in portions. Food should not contain fried, salted, smoked or pickled foods.

If you have the disease, no matter how long pancreatitis lasts or at what stage it is diagnosed, you must follow the diet prescribed by your doctor and take the necessary medications. How long pancreatitis is treated directly depends on the patient himself and on correct adherence to the recommendations of the gastroenterologist.

The most common questions that interest patients

1. How long does it take to treat the pancreas?

The duration of treatment directly depends on the form of the disease, duration and presence of complications. It is impossible to completely restore the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis, so constant maintenance therapy for the organ is recommended.

How long does an exacerbation of pancreatitis last?

The acute form is characterized by the occurrence of a sharp exacerbation, which lasts on average from two to seven days.

Treatment methods for pancreatitis in hospital

Treatment of pancreatitis in a hospital is carried out to eliminate the symptoms of the disease if the disease has progressed to a severe phase. Treatment of acute pancreatitis in a hospital is necessary to stop the impact of the current attack of the disease on the patient’s body, as well as to eliminate factors that can cause further development of the disease.

Chronic types of illness can usually be treated at home, but in some cases they are treated on an outpatient basis in a clinic. Sometimes, if a patient has developed necrosis of pancreatic tissue, the patient undergoes surgery.

How is acute pancreatitis treated in a hospital?

Hospitalization is necessary for a severe attack of acute pancreatitis, which cannot be controlled with painkillers at home. After the patient is delivered, he is transferred from the clinic’s emergency department to the intensive care ward. Treatment is carried out with the mandatory participation of an anesthesiologist and resuscitator.

Acute pancreatitis is treated as follows:

1. First, doctors relieve the patient’s pain and various nervous and reflex disorders with the help of analgesics. For this, the drugs Baralgin, Promedol, Analgin, etc. are used. Novocaine blockade can be used.
2. To combat hypertension in the bile ducts, doctors use No-shpu, Nitroglycerin and other drugs.
3. The pancreas needs to be unloaded, so the patient is prescribed fasting. He should take alkaline drinks, such as Borjomi.
4. In combination with the above measures, the prevention and treatment of blood clots in the vessels of various organs (pancreas, liver, etc.) is carried out.

To prevent the condition of a patient with pancreatitis from worsening due to intoxication, the performance of the heart and lungs is checked, and then drainage and gastric lavage are performed. This procedure is carried out with a solution of soda, Pyrroxan or Obzidan are used.

Intravenous injections are made with solutions of insulin with glucose and potassium.

In acute pancreatitis, during hospital treatment the patient is under constant monitoring of studies of metabolic processes occurring in his body. The exchange of electrolytes (for example, sodium or potassium) is examined, the level of sugar in the blood is checked, the presence of proteins in it, etc.

Usually, during inpatient treatment of acute pancreatitis, a full examination of the patient is not carried out, since it is impossible due to the severity of the person’s condition and can lead to a rapid and sharp deterioration in the course of the disease. Therefore, the examination is carried out in 2 stages. Initially, the diagnosis is confirmed only on the basis of symptoms, and then the above measures are carried out, and after the patient’s condition improves, laboratory tests are carried out.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis

Usually, before starting the treatment process, a complete examination of the patient is carried out. There are many methods for detecting this disease, but they are practically useless in the early stages of the disease due to the presence of a large number of different symptoms and phases of further development of the disease, interspersed with periods of remission.

Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination, which includes blood, urine, and stool tests. An ultrasound is performed to identify changes in the pancreas, radiography of the abdominal organs, and other studies.

Chronic pancreatitis is usually treated at home or on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization of the patient is not required. He is prescribed a special diet and conservative drug treatment.

If a patient experiences an acute attack that he cannot stop with medications prescribed by a doctor, then he should immediately call an ambulance. After this, the patient will be treated for an attack using the above method to eliminate signs of acute pancreatitis.

Until a car with doctors arrives, it is necessary to transfer the patient to a horizontal position (put him on a sofa or bed). It is recommended to constantly ventilate the room where it is located, and the patient should put something cold, such as an ice pack, on the stomach area. If doctors are late, then there is no need to feed the patient. It is best if he fasts for 3 days.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis in the hospital is usually carried out with medications. With the next attack, the pain is eliminated with drugs such as Papaverine, No-shpa, Atropine, etc. It is forbidden to use Aspirin and other NSAIDs, as they only thin the blood and irritate the mucous membranes.

To suppress excessive secretion of a diseased organ, Omeprozole and similar drugs are used. The gland is unloaded with the help of medications such as Mezim, Digestal, etc. To eliminate the infectious lesion on the gland, antibacterial therapy is prescribed with medications such as Ampicillin. Water and salt balance is restored using physiological solutions.

Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis and treatment periods for different forms of the disease

The operation is prescribed if the patient has developed complications, signs of jaundice, pain that cannot be relieved with medications, despite long-term treatment.

Indirect types of surgery on the bile ducts or stomach and intestines can be used. If necessary, surgery is performed to drain the cysts, remove stones, and sometimes pancreatic resection may be necessary.

Many patients want to know how many days it takes to treat acute pancreatitis. Typically, hospital treatment lasts from 7 to 10 days, and then he is discharged, but the person undergoes maintenance therapy for another 6 months.

The patient is treated by taking various drugs, vitamins, following a strict diet.

If the disease has taken severe forms, then after 2-3 days of intensive treatment the patient should remain under the supervision of doctors for about 1.5-2 months.

At chronic types pancreatitis, the patient (if he does not need surgery or is in remission) stays in a medical institution for 1 day for examination.

How many days patients remain in bed after surgery depends on the type of surgical intervention and the recovery ability of the patient’s body. Usually this period does not exceed 7 days. After this, the person is transferred to home treatment, which lasts 1.5-2 months. He takes medications, follows a diet, and exercises.

To treat acute pancreatitis in a hospital, the first step is to identify the causes of inflammation in the pancreas. When the disease occurs, the secretion produced by the glandular cells ceases to be excreted into the intestines, and the tissue disintegrates under the influence of its own enzymes.

Contraindications to self-medication

Naturally, the treatment of pancreatitis (choosing a method with appropriate medications) is prescribed by a doctor. The symptoms of the pathology are varied and may be similar to other diseases. Therefore, it is categorically unacceptable to treat pancreatitis on your own. You cannot tolerate paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, apply heat and rinse the stomach. You just need to seek medical help in a timely manner.

It is possible to quickly stop the course (or exacerbation) of the disease if it is detected just after it has begun.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating chronic pancreatitis, the doctor prescribes urine and blood tests and an ultrasound examination of the pancreas.

A blood test for pancreatitis shows an increase in ESR and a decrease in the amount of proteins. When analyzing urine, alpha-amylase is detected during the acute period of the disease, bilirubin is observed in the presence of obstructive jaundice. Ultrasound visualizes deformation of the gland, a change in the edge, or the development of nodules (cysts).

Stool analysis also evaluates the functioning of the pancreas.

In addition to the fact that the pain occurs in the left side in the hypochondrium, it can radiate to the area of ​​the heart or peritoneum, and become encircling in nature. At the same time, he feels nauseous and vomits. There are particles of undigested food and a greasy sheen in the stool. The patient's weight decreases sharply.

Inpatient treatment of chronic pancreatitis

An ambulance doctor performs an initial examination of the patient. If he suspects acute pancreatitis, he will inject an antispasmodic medication. If the attack was caused by cholelithiasis, the pain will decrease. If this is the initial degree of pancreatitis, then the effect of the injection will be small.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis during the acute period in children and adults is carried out inpatiently. The patient is hospitalized in the surgery department. But this does not mean that the patient will undergo surgery immediately. He will first be observed and undergo mandatory examinations.

The classic treatment regimen shows “cold, hunger and rest.”

An ice pack is placed on the epigastric area. Eating is prohibited for two to four days. After which they are allowed to eat food in liquid form.

To eliminate pain, a thin catheter is inserted through the nasal passages into the stomach area for a couple of days and connected to a suction device to create negative pressure. Painkillers are administered intravenously at the same time. If there is no vomiting, give Almagel A. However, all drugs are prescribed only by a doctor.

Taking medications for exacerbation of pancreatitis is only first aid during an illness. Read more about which medications you should take.

Eliminate intoxication during pancreatitis and reduce the degree of swelling of the pancreas through intravenous administration of electrolytic solutions (Hemodez, Mannitol), glucose, and urinary aids.

Inhibiting enzyme activity helps prevent tissue breakdown. Why is Contrikal, Trasiol, Gordox administered intravenously by dropper?

Each patient requires the use of significant doses of antibiotic drugs, because an inflammatory process begins near and in the pancreas itself. More often than not, 2 antibiotics are prescribed (intramuscular or intravenous).

In order to maintain blood pressure in a state of shock, cardiovascular and hormonal drugs are administered.

Treatment is carried out by monitoring it with studies of electrolyte (sodium, potassium, calcium), protein (protein fractions, total plasma protein) and carbohydrate (blood sugar) metabolism.

They jointly carry out activities aimed at maintaining the kidneys and liver, since they are under significant stress during the attack and treatment. To support the liver, the patient receives large doses of glucose and vitamins. Kidney function is increased through the administration of sacrospinal blockade and aminophylline, diuretics.

It is not surprising that at an early stage of the disease (or during its exacerbation) a detailed examination is not carried out. The reason is that a comprehensive examination of patients is impossible at an early stage due to the serious condition and the existing danger of worsening the course of the pathology.

Incompetent examination at the initial stage can lead to a new wave of exacerbation of the pathological process and even progression of the disease. This can be caused by blood tests for sugar load, duodenal intubation, etc. To avoid this, the examination is carried out twice in the hospital.

If signs of peritoneal irritation appear, drainage of the abdominal cavity is performed, and medications and antibiotics are administered directly into the abdominal cavity through catheterization.

Surgical intervention (resection of the head of the pancreas) is used in situations where it is impossible to obtain results by other methods of treatment.

In the adult population, treatment of pancreatitis is often accompanied by the presence of stones in the gallbladder ducts, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and peptic ulcer. Therefore, it is not possible to get rid of such a set of diseases once and for all. After undergoing treatment in a hospital, the patient is obliged to adhere to the recommendations of the gastroenterologist and therapist for a long time in order to get rid of existing pathologies.

Treatment of pancreatitis on an outpatient basis

After the acute symptoms are relieved, the patient will face a difficult period of adaptation to a new way of life and a different diet. It would be a mistake to believe that only medications are enough for treatment.

Strict adherence to the rules of diet therapy for pancreatitis is an equally important component of treatment. In this case, you should abstain for a long time from fried, fatty, lard, and broths based on fatty meats. Food is allowed to be consumed only in boiled, baked or steamed form. Drink only rosehip decoction or dried fruit compotes. Dry cookies replace cakes and pastries.

Each time you violate diet therapy, you should expect the exacerbation to return, but in a much more severe form.

The acute phase of pancreatitis lasts five weeks. It will take one year to restore the disturbed enzymatic balance.

The outpatient stage for the patient means that he will have to take medications for a long time.

This is the trick:

• antispasmodics (Platifillin, No-shpa);
• enzymes to improve the digestion process (Mezim, Panzinorm, Pancreatin, Creon, Festal);
• agents for reducing acid in gastric juice (Phosphalugel, Almagel);
• vitamin-mineral complex, including vitamins A, B, E, D, which restore lipid metabolism disorders.

The fact that the enzyme composition has returned to normal is indicated by the cessation of diarrhea in the patient and the absence of undigested food particles in the stool.

A patient with a chronic form of pancreatitis who regularly visits a doctor and takes measures under his supervision behaves competently.