DTP vaccination, which can cause unwanted side effects in children, causes concern for many parents.
It happens that refusal of vaccination or medical withdrawal without good reason does not benefit the baby at all. The fact is that the task of medicine is to create powerful protection against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus until the moment of physical and social “activity” of the baby. Tetanus is a “soil disease”, its causative agent is located in the ground, any open wound is an opportunity for it to enter the body.
Young mothers and fathers may refuse the DPT vaccine based not only on the risk of possible complications. Associated factors are rumors about the quality of the vaccine and propaganda by opponents of early immunization of children.
Normal reaction to DTP in a child
Side effects after DPT vaccination in a child can be observed after 4–5 hours. The most characteristic ones are pronounced pain syndrome, compaction at the injection site, hyperthermia, intestinal upset. The pain can be so severe that the baby is unable to stand on his leg for a day.
It is considered normal that the first few shots of the immunization course take place without significant complications, while the third and fourth injections are associated with more severe reactions. The reaction to vaccination does not depend on violation of the vaccination schedule.
Low temperature
At normal conditions note a slight increase in temperature after DTP vaccination. It depends on the individual characteristics child. If your baby usually develops a fever quickly, you need to be on guard. Without waiting for the temperature to rise, use one of two suitable antipyretics: paracetamol or ibuprofen.
What to do if you can’t bring down the temperature on your own? Often this problem occurs if the child drinks little fluid or is under the influence of external unfavorable factors: a hot room, dry air in the room. The ineffectiveness of antipyretic drugs is due to poor absorption into the blood due to vasospasm. In this case, it is advisable to give 0.5 tablets of No-Shpa.
If you cannot cope with hyperthermia on your own, you should seek emergency medical help.
Seal
If a child’s leg hurts after the DTP vaccination, he can be helped with ibuprofen or paracetamol, which have an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect on the body. The reddened injection site should not be heated or rubbed. The appearance of these signs should be reported to your doctor.
This is a manifestation of an allergic reaction. An antihistamine prescribed by the doctor will help cope with its manifestations. It could be Suprastin, El-Tset, Eden.
Cough
Manifestations of cough after vaccination, accompanied by high fever and general intoxication, are, in most cases, manifestations of acute respiratory viral infection. If these symptoms occur, you need to call a doctor at home to examine the child and establish an adequate diagnosis.
A reaction to the pertussis component of the vaccine, in particular accompanied by a slight cough, is not a cause for concern. If the cough is paroxysmal in nature and you are unable to take a breath, you should immediately seek emergency medical help.
Diarrhea
Not always, but still, after DTP vaccination, diarrhea appears in children. The reasons may be both an individual reaction to the vaccine and a feature of the immune system.
It is impossible to independently find an explanation for the reasons that cause side effects. In each individual case, a doctor's consultation is necessary.
Reaction to tetanus vaccine in adults
Adverse reactions for DTP vaccination in adults are of a similar nature. Manifests itself in the form of general malaise, hyperthermia, and pain. In adulthood, revaccination is done using ADS vaccines. It has a less reactogenic effect. An adult is capable of fulfilling his or her job responsibilities, in the absence of excessive physical activity.
The reaction to the pertussis component of DTP is considered severe. But in adults, whooping cough does not pose the same danger as for children, so another ADS drug is used for revaccination.
Dangerous complications
The state of the body at the time of immunization plays a significant role in terms of the individual reactogenic effect of the vaccine. Before the vaccine is administered, each child must be examined by a qualified doctor. To exclude hidden inflammatory processes need to do clinical analysis blood and urine.
Why is DPT vaccination dangerous?
An individual reaction to some of the components of the vaccine may indeed cause severe complications in rare cases. The pertussis component of the domestic DTP creates a large burden on the immune system. It is this that provokes pain with high fever. Hyperthermia causes the development of low-grade seizures in children with neurological disorders or in those with a history of seizures.
To prevent unwanted effects give the child an antipyretic and antihistamine Immediately upon returning home, monitor your body temperature and injection site.
In what cases do you call the emergency room?
The development of an individual allergic reaction manifests itself within 20–30 minutes after the injection. This time must be spent near a medical facility.
Reason to call emergency assistance, without trying to independently understand the reasons for this condition, is:
- an allergy attack is a rash of any nature, suffocation, redness of certain areas of the skin;
- heat the body of a child after a DTP vaccination, which you have been trying to knock down for 2 hours to no avail;
- intestinal disorder, which is characterized as "water";
- convulsions;
- coughing attacks;
- disturbances in the activities of the central nervous system: “frozen” or “wandering” gaze, lack of reaction when addressed, confused speech.
The symptoms described in the instructions for the drug are not a pathology. Having studied it in advance, you know what you may encounter during the post-vaccination period. It is important! It would also be a good idea to call your doctor if you are concerned about your child’s condition after vaccination.
The introduction of any vaccine to a child, especially for the first time, is a cause for special parental concern. No one knows how the little man will react to an unknown drug. Especially if it is DPT, a vaccine that is notorious among mothers because of its side effects. Let's figure out what side effects the DTP vaccine causes in infants, which manifestations of them are normal, and which ones need to be seen by a doctor.
The first vaccination for a newborn is given at 3 months. Then the baby is vaccinated for the first time against such serious and dangerous diseases as measles, diphtheria, and tetanus. This age was not chosen by chance. The fact is that the maternal antibodies received by the child during pregnancy are enough for him to provide full protection for only 2 months. Therefore, the first DPT vaccination is given at 3 months.
However, if a child has a medical exemption for vaccination, or the parents sign a waiver of vaccination, it can be administered before the age of 4. If the baby has not been vaccinated before the age of 4, he will subsequently be vaccinated with drugs without the pertussis component.
What you need to know about the DPT vaccine
The domestic DTP vaccine contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, but as an anti-pertussis component it contains killed pertussis microbes, which distinguishes it from imported vaccinations similar action- Pentaxim and Infranix. Of all this composition, it is the pertussis killed microbes that are most difficult to transfer.
The specificity of DTP is that agents of 3 diseases are simultaneously introduced into the body at a time. This is an undoubted advantage of vaccination with polyvaccines. However, domestic DPT serum:
- has less purified components, which are more difficult for children to tolerate;
- contains toxic allergenic preservatives.
Therefore, after giving the first DPT vaccination, you need to carefully monitor the child’s reaction in order to identify the presence of allergic reactions, if they will.
Separately, I would like to mention the problem of choosing a drug for vaccination. Vaccination with the domestic drug DPT is given free of charge in clinics. You can buy it and give it to your child imported analogues DTP, such as Infranix or Tetrakok. Reactions to vaccination after DTP and Tetracoc are most often the same; Infanrix is usually well tolerated by all children. However, according to statistics, after DTP, sometimes a child can get whooping cough, although very mild form. After Tetrakok, no cases of whooping cough were recorded. The likelihood of complications after vaccination can thus be reduced by choosing a less reactogenic vaccine.
In addition to these vaccines, you can purchase French vaccine Pentaxim, Belgian Tritanrix-HB and Bubo Kok. The cost of purchased vaccines ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles. There are special rules for their storage and transportation, so it is recommended to buy vaccines immediately before use within two hours and take them to the vaccination site along with ice for cooling.
How to prepare for DTP vaccination at three months and what to expect in the first days after vaccination
What can be done to ensure that the vaccination takes place with a minimum of side effects and does not cause any particular concern to either the baby or his mother? There are several recommendations on how to properly prepare for vaccination:
- A few days before vaccination, limit your visits to crowded places to minimize the risk of contact with viruses.
- Before three months, undergo examination by all specialists to exclude contraindications. A neurologist must be examined.
- If you have already seen that your child has a tendency to allergies or the parents themselves suffer from allergies, consult your pediatrician about taking antihistamines before vaccination. DTP is a reactogenic vaccination and skin rashes are common after it.
- Two days before vaccination, if your child is on breastfeeding, do not change your diet. Also, do not introduce new formula milk or complementary foods into your child’s diet.
- On the day of admission, be sure to make sure that the baby does not have a fever, runny nose, cough, or loose stools.
Where is the vaccine given at 3 months? At this age, the injection is given only in the thigh. There is a much smaller layer of subcutaneous fat on the leg than on the buttock, so the likelihood of part of the vaccine getting under the skin is reduced, which can lead to the appearance of a painful lump, infiltration, or long-absorbing lump.
Day of DTP vaccination and the next three days
After vaccination, you need to sit with your baby for 20-30 minutes in the corridor near the office, especially if this is the first DTP vaccination. This way, you can make sure that he does not develop an allergic reaction to the injected drug. If an allergic reaction occurs, the child will immediately receive qualified medical care.
If the child develops pain at the injection site, the temperature rises to 38 degrees and he cries a lot, give him an antihistamine and antipyretic (Nurofen in syrup). This will help you move more calmly difficult period, which usually lasts no longer than three to five days.
There is no need to exclude walks; it is enough to simply limit the baby’s contact with strangers and those in the family who are sick respiratory infection. The question of whether a baby can be bathed is decided individually by everyone. If there is no redness at the injection site, and the injection mark has healed quickly, you can bathe the child, but do not rub the area. If pain at the injection site bothers your baby, it is better to postpone bathing for a couple of days.
As for complementary feeding, it is also better to avoid introducing new products during this period. The fact is that if you introduce complementary foods and an allergic reaction develops to a new product, it will be difficult to determine its original source - either the vaccine or the product.
The famous pediatrician Komarovsky gives several recommendations on how to prepare for vaccination correctly:
- if there allergic dermatitis- wait 3 weeks after the last rash;
- if in doubt, do the OAC the day before to be calm;
- the less stress on the intestines, the easier the child will tolerate the vaccination - do not overfeed the baby for three days before the injection;
- do not feed your baby an hour before vaccination and, if possible, longer after;
- do not vaccinate if the child has not had a bowel movement for 24 hours the day before;
- Stop taking vitamin D 2-3 days in advance if you are giving it to a child;
- Dress your child so that he does not sweat before the injection.
After vaccination:
- walk more;
- when the temperature rises, immediately give antipyretic ibuprofen, paracetamol in suppositories;
- Give your child plenty of water;
- on the second day you can start bathing. When there is a temperature, it is better to wipe the baby with sanitary napkins.
What might be the reaction to the DTP vaccine?
To reduce your child's reaction to vaccination, your doctor may recommend taking antihistamines. You don’t need to take anything on your own initiative. When choosing antihistamines, it is better to exclude from the choice suprastin and tavegil, which dry out the mucous membranes, which, coupled with a rise in temperature, can cause the development of respiratory diseases. So, what might be the reaction to the vaccine?
Normal reaction
A normal reaction to a vaccine can be local or general. A local reaction may be observed at the injection site. These include:
- compaction at the injection site, which should go away in 3-5 days. To relieve pain, a compress can be applied to the child;
- the lump may be the result of an infection. If hot redness appears and the child’s temperature rises above 38 degrees, he should be shown to a doctor who will prescribe antibiotics;
- allergic reactions in the form of redness go away on their own.
The body's general reaction to vaccination may include:
- fever for 3-5 days. Many parents begin to panic - fever after DPT vaccination, what to do? There is nothing wrong with this - the temperature can be brought down with an antipyretic;
- irritability - the child sobs, cries after vaccination, does not sleep, refuses to eat.
All normal reactions of the body to the vaccine pass within 3-5 days.
Abnormal Adverse Reactions
A small number of children may develop complications after receiving the vaccine:
- convulsions indicate the development of central nervous system damage;
- if a child coughs after a DTP vaccination, develops swelling or a rash, this means an allergic reaction has occurred;
- a temperature above 39 may indicate an infection.
If such adverse reactions occur, it is better to call a doctor.
Contraindications
Let's also look at the cases in which a medical exemption for vaccination is established:
- absolute contraindications - diseases of the nervous system: epilepsy, encephalopathy, afebrile convulsions;
- relative contraindications - acute current diseases (acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, etc.) and exacerbation of chronic ones;
- A medical examination is made for the second and third vaccinations if the first one was completed with complications.
The introduction of any vaccine to a baby is, first of all, a parent’s concern for the condition of their child. No one can predict a newborn's reaction to an unknown drug. It is also difficult to predict the possible consequences of such assistance to an unprotected body.
Vaccination is one of the most allergenic and difficult to tolerate. It is a rare mother who will not complain to the doctor about a change in the child’s mood or well-being after the administration of this substance. What complications can be expected after DTP vaccination? How can I help my child cope with adverse reactions?
Why do children react hard to DPT?
This vaccine contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, which protect the body from these infections. But in most cases the reaction is caused by another component - killed pertussis germs.
The first DPT vaccine is given to a child at three months - this is the time when the natural protection that the baby receives from mother's milk begins to weaken. Therefore, vaccination in most cases coincides with a decrease in the child’s body’s own protective capabilities. In conjunction with this important event is the introduction of foreign cells, even non-living ones, which is why vaccination leads to undesirable consequences in children from DTP vaccination. Their body often responds with various reactions to the introduction of such foreign cells.
Who is eligible for medical treatment?
In what cases is DTP vaccination not given? There are absolute contraindications when immunization is not carried out due to developing diseases or severe reactions to the components of the drug. There are temporary contraindications when doctors recommend delaying vaccination for several days.
Why is DPT vaccination dangerous? - it temporarily reduces immunity. This is normal and is tolerated relatively well when the child is completely healthy. But if the day before the vaccination the child’s temperature even slightly rises (above 37 ºC), inform the doctor about this, because such a symptom may indicate the onset of an infection. Ask for a referral for a complete blood test to determine whether the drug can be administered to your baby. This is one of effective ways avoid unwanted complications from the DTP vaccine.
What are the complications of DTP vaccination?
Reactions and complications to the administration of DTP are divided into two main groups:
- local or local, which are observed at the site of drug administration;
- general, when the whole body reacts with malaise, fever and other changes in well-being.
How long the reaction to the DTP vaccine lasts depends on the body’s immune capabilities, as well as on compliance with the regimen and rules for administering the drug. For example, body temperature rises in different ways, as a result of which they distinguish:
- weak vaccine reaction when the temperature does not exceed 37.5 ºC;
- average reaction with an increase in body temperature to 38.5 ºC;
- severe if the temperature goes beyond 38.5 ºC.
How long does the temperature last after DTP vaccination? Normally, this reaction of the body quickly passes within one or two days, but there are protracted reactions. They may depend on many concomitant factors - the addition of an acute viral or bacterial infection, development of an allergic reaction.
What complications does the DTP vaccine cause? Each child reacts differently. The main rule that parents should follow is not to listen to other families about previous complications and reactions to the drug.
Local body reactions
What are there local complications for the introduction of DPT?
General reactions of the child’s body to DTP
They are varied in nature. The body's reactions are divided into four large groups:
- toxic reactions;
- damage to the nervous system;
- complications due to incorrect administration technique;
- severe allergic manifestations.
Let's take a closer look at each of them.
One more group of complications can be identified - this is the addition of a concomitant infection after administration of the drug. A cough after DPT vaccination, sore throat, weakness and redness of the tonsils develop for several days if the child had contact with an infected person before or after vaccination.
Diarrhea after DTP vaccination, nausea, vomiting and weakness occur when adding intestinal infection. The reason for this is the consumption of poor quality food.
Treatment of adverse reactions
To cope with complications of DTP administration, you need to consult your doctor in advance about possible consequences vaccinations and first aid for the child if they occur. In most cases, treatment is symptomatic and consists of prescribing familiar medications.
How to avoid adverse reactions to DTP administration
The introduction of DTP is a burden not only on the child’s body, but also on loved ones. Nerves, fuss, running for medications - not the most pleasant pastime for parents. To avoid this, you need to prepare in advance for the upcoming vaccination.
What analogues of DPT are there?
As mentioned above, the most reactogenic component of DPT is pertussis. Therefore, in order to reduce the likelihood of complications from vaccination, you can use imported similar vaccines made using an acellular pertussis component:
- "Infanrix";
- "Infanrix IPV" with additional protection against polio;
- "Pentaxim" is a five-component drug that, in addition to the above-mentioned components, includes protection against Haemophilus influenzae.
Multicomponent vaccines can be purchased for a fee at the local clinic at the request of the parents.
DTP vaccination protects a child from three dangerous diseases, which before the start of active fight against them led to the development of severe conditions. Many complications of such protection can be avoided if you take care of their prevention in advance and be more attentive to your baby.
DTP vaccination is included in national calendar and in mandatory done to all kids. Yes, a mother has the right to refuse vaccination, but is it worth exposing her child to serious infections from which he will be protected after the injection? Some reactions to the vaccine are quite normal. We’ll talk about them in more detail in this article.
DTP: what kind of vaccine is this?
DPT is a vaccine against three serious infections at once: tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. Previously, quite a large number of children suffered and even died from such diseases, but now the situation has changed thanks to vaccinations.
Exist different compositions vaccines. Some contain the pathogens themselves (in small quantities and neutralized), while the action of others is based on the memory effect. In this case, the cells are deprived of certain parts, as a result of which they carry the necessary information to which the immune system reacts, but they are not capable of causing an infection.
Usually the vaccine is given to babies at 2-4 months. Three vaccinations are given at an interval of a maximum of 45 days. Then a revaccination is carried out a year later. At the slightest sign Due to illness, the doctor cannot give an injection to the baby, this is fraught with serious consequences.
Previously, the vaccine was given in the buttock, but this is not entirely correct, since there is a large layer of fat in this area (the risk of sepsis is high). The best place for injection - thigh. Although because of this, mothers often complain that the child’s leg hurts after vaccination.
Can a reaction to the DTP vaccine occur?
Many mothers notice that after vaccination the child is capricious, cries, and the injection site turns red and a lump has formed. In fact, the reaction is quite normal and natural; it indicates that the components of the vaccine have achieved their goal and have begun to act.
After all, vaccination is an intervention in the immune system and in the entire body as a whole; these are foreign bodies. So some changes are logical and normal.
How do children tolerate vaccination?
The doctor who conducts the examination or the nurse administering the vaccination should tell the mother everything. But anyway the reaction occurs only in the first 1-3 days after the injection. It is during this period that the components are introduced where they should be and begin to operate.
If, for example, after a week or more the baby’s temperature suddenly rises or worsens general state, then you shouldn’t remember about the injection, since there is no connection here. The vaccine substances have long since fulfilled their function and are no longer active. Look for a different reason and don’t blame the vaccine for everything!
Possible reactions of a child to DTP vaccination
So, the components of the vaccine were introduced. What causes a reaction to DTP in a child? Each baby’s body is individual, so it can react to foreign bodies in different ways. So, if the immune system is quite strong, then it will simply easily remember the “strangers” and develop antibodies. If the body's defenses are weakened, then some problems may arise, which are most often minor.
So, which reaction to a vaccine is normal, and which should you start to worry about?
Normal reactions
To begin with, we list the normal reactions after DTP vaccination, if they occur, you should not panic:
Usually the reaction does not last more than 3-4 days, and if it drags on, then there is a reason to consult a doctor.
Abnormal Adverse Reactions
If the doctor did not take into account any diseases and abnormalities of the baby and still prescribed a vaccination, then pathological reactions may develop.
What to do?
So, what should you do if you have a reaction to the vaccine? Let's list the main actions of a mother.
How to reduce the risk of a reaction: preventive measures
Is there anything that can be done to minimize the likelihood of reactions developing? Yes, you can. Let's give a few recommendations to mothers (or better yet, get them from a doctor):
Knowing all the necessary information, a mother will be able to protect her child from adverse reactions for DTP vaccination.
Video
A report on the DTP vaccination, what the vaccination is, why and when it is done, what reactions occur:
in the form of complications are quite rare, but they do happen, and they are quite dangerous for the child’s life. Read our article on the consequences of vaccination to stay informed!
Another important vaccine is “measles, rubella, mumps”: Not all parents get this vaccine, but what should you choose?
Many controversies arise regarding polio vaccination. we are considering the consequences of this vaccination.
The question of the need for vaccinations for newborns in Lately costs in modern society quite spicy. Many parents decide to give up such preventive measures, suggesting that vaccination poses a greater threat to the infant's health than potential diseases. Doctors warn that such decisions can have very serious consequences. Negative consequences, up to the repetition of epidemics throughout the country for a long time forgotten illnesses(eg diphtheria). The greatest controversy is caused by a vaccine such as DPT. Adverse reactions to it are quite common, which certainly makes you think about the advisability of it. Let's try to figure out how much this vaccine is necessary for a child, what the consequences of receiving it or refusing it may be.
What is the vaccine?
So, let's talk about what the DTP vaccine is. Children may think that this is just an unpleasant injection, but parents should understand that such a vaccine is designed to provide protection against such the most terrible diseases, like tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. All of these problems are characterized by severity, the presence of a large number of complications for the child’s body and the difficulty of treatment.
The vaccine helps to form the necessary immunity, but does not completely guarantee the absence of the possibility of disease. Despite this fact, a baby who picks up an infection after a routine injection experiences it in a milder form (without complications) and recovers faster.
Classic forms of reaction
If you decide to take DTP, adverse reactions to the vaccine should be studied very carefully. Such information will help you make a decision about the need for vaccination, weigh the pros and cons, and, if necessary, take appropriate proactive measures. The body's response to the introduction of a foreign agent is conventionally divided into three main categories:
Possible serious consequences of vaccination
Unfortunately, there are more severe consequences DTP vaccinations. Adverse reactions in rare cases may include:
- vomiting (occurs in only 2 out of 100 vaccinated people);
- extremely high body temperature (39 degrees and above);
- brain damage;
- impairment of physical or mental development;
- coma;
- (rash, urticaria, up to Quincke's edema).
Such manifestations are quite rare, most often in cases where the vaccination was not given on time or in the presence of obvious contraindications to it.
Adverse reaction at the immediate injection site
There are also local consequences of DTP. Adverse reactions after administration of the vaccine may include the appearance of a lump at the injection site. Most often, this area swells slightly, the skin acquires a reddish tint, and pain begins to appear, which causes the greatest inconvenience to the child. The baby cannot sleep, tries to constantly touch the wound, and cries. Parents rarely pay attention to such a seal, but if there is specified symptoms The child should be given a fever reducer, which can also reduce pain.
Whooping cough
Many parents worry that after DTP their child will get sick or experience discomfort. Well, this is quite possible, but you need to understand what is on the other side of the scale. What are you more afraid of: such a phenomenon as DTP (vaccination)? Temperature, pain, temporary vagaries? Or complications caused by one of the most terrible diseases that will ruin the baby’s health for life?
So, let's talk about the diseases that the vaccine is designed to protect your child from. One of the most difficult of these is whooping cough. His characteristic features A dry, frequent cough, a slight runny nose in the first few days of illness, and a slight increase in body temperature appear. Over time, whooping cough progresses, coughing attacks become more frequent, accompanied by spasms and difficulty breathing. The peak of deterioration occurs on days 15-20 from the onset of the disease. It is customary to distinguish three main forms of whooping cough:
- Easy. The patient feels almost no change in his condition. Only characteristic attacks of rare coughing (no more than 15 times a day) remind of the disease; they do not interfere with the child’s normal life.
- Average. The patient often experiences insomnia. The child becomes apathetic, lethargic and slow. There may be an increase in temperature, coughing attacks are more frequent and severe (up to 30 times a day).
- Heavy. There is a high temperature and fever. The patient can hardly sleep or eat, and becomes extremely irritable. Among external signs pallor stands out skin, the appearance of edema. Coughing attacks can overcome a baby up to 50 times a day, more often in the evening and at night, and a violation is noted. respiratory function, bleeding and vomiting are observed. Involuntary urination may occur.
In most cases, the disease ends in successful healing, but complications are often recorded in children under one year of age. So, whooping cough can cause pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death. As you can see, the reaction after DTP - compaction, fever and loss of appetite - is the lesser of the possible evils.
Diphtheria
The second disease that the vaccine helps against is diphtheria. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and is characterized by severe intoxication of the body and negative impact infections on the nervous, vascular and cardiac systems. During the illness, symptoms such as swelling of the pharynx and larynx and enlarged lymph nodes are observed. In some cases, paralysis and disruption of work are possible internal organs, and deaths are often reported. Before mass vaccination, diphtheria was characterized by a large number of deaths. Treatment of the disease is carried out in infectious diseases hospital, an infected child must be isolated. After DPT you can be sure of reliable protection baby from diphtheria.
Tetanus
Tetanus is the third, but no less dangerous disease that a child can avoid after DPT. The bacteria that cause this disease enter the baby's body through cuts and wounds that he may receive as a result of playing outdoors and indoors. These include high temperature, perspiration, spasms of the muscles of the face and body. Quite often, various complications are observed - this can be coma, death, respiratory paralysis. The disease can be prevented by administering a vaccine. The consequences of vaccinations are minor compared to what tetanus can lead to.
Conditional and absolute contraindications
In what cases is it not recommended to vaccinate with DTP? Contraindications do exist. And you should know them. Some of them are indirect, others are considered absolute. Thus, scheduled vaccination should be rescheduled for the following reasons:
- Infection. If your child is sick at this particular moment, the planned event must be rescheduled. The period for which the transfer must be carried out depends on the severity of the disease and the doctor’s recommendations.
- Stress. If your baby is currently in a state of stress or is very worried about some event, postpone the vaccination for a few days.
- Acute period chronic disease. If your child suffers from any illness on permanent basis, then the period of its exacerbation is a signal to postpone the DTP vaccination indefinitely.
Some symptoms are an absolute contraindication to such vaccination. Typically, such information is taken into account by the pediatrician, but parents should also have similar data. First of all, these include:
- diseases of the nervous system;
- allergy to components included in the vaccine;
- negative reaction to previous vaccinations;
- weak immunity, diseases affecting immune system baby;
- whooping cough.
ADSM - alternative to DTP
If you want to give your child a DPT vaccine, for which there are contraindications, try a lighter version, DPT. This way you will protect your child’s health and reduce the risk of possible complications. A similar vaccine is used when a child reaches 4 years of age. This composition includes only two components, it is designed to resist diphtheria and tetanus - the most dangerous diseases, which often lead to fatal outcome. ADSM has much fewer side effects due to the exclusion of the component responsible for protection against whooping cough. It often happens that the child is initially given a DTP injection. Vaccination, fever, severe allergies tell adults that a second injection of the same vaccine will be unsafe for the baby. In this case, re-vaccination is carried out without the pertussis component.
When should you consult a doctor?
Does your child seem lethargic, tired and sick after DPT? There is no need to panic, but there are some symptoms you should pay close attention to. So, you should consult a doctor if:
- The temperature rises above 39 degrees, does not drop and is maintained for a very long time.
- A prolonged or delayed febrile state is observed.
- Hypotension and bluish discoloration of the skin develop. This state usually lasts no more than 6 hours.
- Pronounced nervous disorders appear.
If after DPT you notice a small lump, moderate temperature and tearfulness of the child, this does not mean at all that you should sound the alarm and worry. As a rule, most side effects disappear in just one day; you just need to watch the child and be patient. If you think that your baby’s health is in danger, try to consult a specialist.
Preparatory stage before vaccination
Preventive vaccinations are good because they can be planned in advance, canceled if necessary, and also prepared for them in advance. Two days before the vaccine is administered, you must start taking antihistamines. medications(protect the body from possible allergic reactions). Immediately after vaccination, without waiting negative manifestations, the baby should be given an antipyretic. Monitor the child’s behavior and temperature; if necessary, you will need to take a second dose of the drug (especially important in evening time, before going to bed at night). Yours further actions should be built according to the following algorithm:
- The first day after vaccination - from 1 to 3 antipyretic suppositories (morning-lunch-at night), an antihistamine (once a day).
- Second day - 1 antipyretic suppository if there is a fever, in other cases you should not take medications, antihistamines must be accepted.
- The third day - no special treatment is required; if the baby has an increase in temperature, you should call a doctor and determine the causes of the malaise.
How to choose a medicine for fever
DTP vaccination for children is often accompanied by unpleasant consequences. You should not be afraid of this, any reaction signals that immunity is being formed. To prevent possible complications, give your child an antipyretic drug without waiting for symptoms to appear. Many parents ask the question: “How to choose the right remedy to reduce the temperature and reduce pain for such young children?” So, before buying a medicine, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- The form of the drug should be adapted to the age of the baby (suppositories for up to a year, syrup for older babies. It must be remembered that suppositories are much less likely to provoke an allergic reaction).
- Buy the composition in advance. It must be given before the onset anxiety reactions, otherwise there is a high chance that you will not be able to control them.
- It is not allowed to use the drug "Aspirin" to reduce a child's temperature.
- Alternate medicines with different components, this will help you not to exceed the permissible daily dose and achieve the desired effect.
- Remember, it is quite possible that even if the first vaccination was easy, the second or third will cause unpleasant symptoms.
Please note: the temperature after DPT usually lasts for one day (maximum two days). Treatment with antipyretic drugs is carried out for three days (the most long term). If you cannot control your child's health condition, be sure to consult a doctor.
DPT vaccination schedule
If you want to vaccinate your children, their schedule is very great importance. To form stable immunity to the three named diseases, it is necessary to carry out the vaccination procedure four times. The classic scheme for the prevention of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria involves administering doses at the following times:
- the first time - at 3 months after birth;
- the second time - 45 days after the first procedure (that is, 4.5 months);
- the third time - 45 days after the second procedure (at 6 months);
- The fourth time is considered to be a revaccination; it is carried out a year after the third injection (approximately at 18 months).
The last two vaccinations are the most important for the formation of immunity. When the baby grows up, he will have to go through several more similar events - at 6 and 14 years old. If for some reason it is not allowed to give such vaccinations to children, the vaccination schedule can be slightly shifted. Thus, repeated preventive injections are not carried out in case of illness of the child or a situation specified in the list of contraindications. The timing of the transfer in each specific case is determined by the pediatrician observing the child.
Vaccinations at school and kindergarten are often mandatory when sending a child to educational institution, you should be prepared to be asked to provide your vaccination card. Vaccination will help protect your child from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria when in a fairly large group of children, that is, in an area of potential danger.
Foreign analogues of DTP
Preventive DPT vaccinations can be divided into several types, that is, domestic and foreign vaccines. Parents can make their own decision about which product to use to protect their child from possible diseases. The Belgian product “Infarix” has recently become the most popular. There are three categories of vaccine under this brand:
- IPV (similar to DPT and polio);
- the drug "Penta" (analogue of IPV and hepatitis B);
- Hexa (an analogue of Penta and
Among the foreign drugs, the most notable compounds are Pentaxim, Tetraxim, and Hexavak. A wide selection of different vaccines is usually found in paid medical centers. However, recently it is possible to get a foreign injection at a district clinic.
If you doubt the need for DTP vaccination, the pros and cons should be weighed very carefully and thoughtfully. Try to perceive first of all the information that is given to you by experts, and not by acquaintances and friends. Remember, you should not be afraid of such a phenomenon as temperature after DPT: within reasonable limits, it is considered a variant of a normal reaction child's body and serves as a sign of the formation of strong immunity against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. Take the issue of vaccination as carefully as possible, this will help keep your children healthy.
