The favorite localization of the mite is the eyelids, facial skin, eyebrow area, forehead, nasolabial folds and chin, external auditory canal. Mite waste products contribute to allergization of the body, the development of Acne rosacea on the face, and seborrhea; cause specific eye damage - demodectic blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis. The disease is chronic with seasonal exacerbations in spring and autumn.
The clinical picture of demodicosis is predominantly recorded in persons with weakened immune system, ametropia and metabolic disorders, often in old age. Occurs in children with chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract and lungs, uncorrected refractive pathology (farsightedness).
Symptoms and manifestations of demodicosis
Symptoms and manifestations (eye fatigue, itching, swelling, hyperemia of the edges of the eyelids, the appearance of scales at the roots of the eyelashes for a long time) and a high degree of invasiveness (infectiousness of others) make it possible to detect demodicosis even during a visual examination. The appearance of the affected eyelid is characteristic: plaque along the edge of the eyelids, the cilia are stuck together, surrounded by crusts in the form of a muff. History: frequent styes, eyelash loss, recurrent acne, psoriasis. Laboratory research extremely simple, does not require special training and possibly in the presence of the patient right in the office. 8 eyelashes are taken from each eye: four from upper eyelid, four from the bottom. They are placed on a glass slide in a drop of an alkaline solution or a mixture of 1 ml of glycerol and 9 ml of saline; covered with a coverslip and examined under a microscope. Such a study makes it possible to quickly diagnose.
Treatment of demodicosis
The treatment is long-term and effective only with strict adherence to personal hygiene measures (the possibility of repeated self-infection).
After preliminary cleansing of eyelids and eyelashes from crusts alcohol-containing tinctures calendula or eucalyptus (twice with an interval of 15 minutes) apply "demalan" ointment ("demalon") to the edges of the eyelids 2 times a day (or 1 time at night). Carry out a similar treatment for other itchy areas of the facial skin, not forgetting the eyebrows and the external auditory canal. "Demalan" is considered the most effective and well-studied drug for the etiotropic treatment of demodicosis.
The waste products of mites contribute to human allergization. To remove local toxicity allergic reactions It is advisable to use “prenacid” ointment (lubricating the edges of the eyelids twice a day for 5-7 days) or instillation of microdoses of corticosteroids (6-8 times a day). In the presence of purulent blepharoconjunctivitis/blepharitis, it is recommended eye ointment and drops of "colbiocin" or "eubetal-antibiotic" (4 times a day - 10 days). In the presence of scaly blepharitis, a preliminary 2-3 day toilet of the eyelid margins is recommended. Efficiency drug treatment increases during physiotherapy: eyelid massage, magnetic therapy, ozone therapy (10 procedures per course daily or every other day).
In the complex pathogenetic therapy of allergic conjunctivitis and scaly blepharitis, drops and ointment "prenacid" are used, and for purulent blepharoconjunctivitis - "kolbiocin". In the treatment of combined infectious and allergic lesions of the eyelids and conjunctiva (in the absence of ophthalmoherpes!), Eubetal-antibiotic ointment is highly effective. In 10% of cases, relapses occur, most often due to interruption of the course of treatment.
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Etiotropic therapy
Traditional appointments
Ointment "Demalan"- lubricating the edges of the eyelids twice a day for 45 days (if allergic reactions to the ointment components develop, etiotropic treatment should be temporarily discontinued).
Ointment "Demalan"+ ointment “Prenacid”- in a 1:1 ratio – lubricating the edges of the eyelids twice a day for 25 days.
Local and Systemic
Local therapy
Treatment of the edges of the eyelids alcohol solutions herbs (tincture of calendula, eucalyptus) or 70% alcohol solution with ether + skin treatment in the area: eyebrows, forehead, nose, chin, outer ear canal– twice with an interval of 15 minutes (before ointments!).
Ointment “Prenacid”– allergic blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis;
“Kolbiotsin”, “Eubetal-antibiotic”(eye drops and ointment) – purulent blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis.
Local physiotherapy
Eyelid massage, ozone therapy (locally), magnetic therapy (against the background of drug therapy)
Combined treatment of dysbiosis (polyvalent strepto/staphylococcal bacteriophage; nystatin, etc.).
Spectacle correction of refractive pathology (especially in children with hypermetropia).
Systemic therapy
Correction of immunological and metabolic disorders.
- Treatment chronic gastroduodenitis and cholecysto-pancreatitis (anamnestic - in 80% of those examined),
- Treatment chronic diseases lungs;
Prevention of infection (repeated self-infection)
Treatment of demodicosis of the eyelids should be carried out simultaneously with the treatment of demodicosis of the face.
To remove waste products from mites, it is recommended to supplement morning and evening facial washing procedures with antibacterial soap with self-massage of the eyelids (with wet fingers for 1-2 minutes).
To avoid repeated self-infection during the treatment period, it is recommended:
To toilet your eyelids and wash your face, use disposable wipes,
- iron pillowcases and towels daily;
- carry out regular sanitary treatment of glasses, razors, incl. cases;
- wash or clean other personal items (gloves, scarves, hats, motorcycle helmets) that come into contact with the skin of the face;
- for women, exclude cosmetics, eliminate cosmetics infested with mites;
- children can become infected after contact with infected objects.
Before full recovery limit contact (face to face) with loved ones.
Not recommended during treatment: drinking alcohol and spicy food, visiting baths and swimming pools, prolonged exposure to the sun, hypothermia, chronic fatigue, increased visual stress (including computer).
Etiotropic therapy
Alternative destinations
Aerosol “Spregal”- lubricating the edges of the eyelids with a tampon (!) soaked in medicine is permissible only by an ophthalmologist.
Complex pathogenetic therapy
Local and Systemic
Local therapy
For scaly blepharitis, preliminary toileting of the eyelids is advisable antiseptic solutions(furacillin, KMnO4, boric acid) with a Vaseline bandage applied at night binocularly for 2-3 days.
The use of Corvalol or Valocordin for treating the edges of the eyelids is limited (burning); 5% can be used water solution novocaine, 35-30% aqueous solution “dimexide”;
Almost everyone has an eye mite (Demodex). If you pull out a few cilia and look at them under a microscope, you can see a couple of mites with your own eyes. Their number increases if immunity decreases. As consequences of their vital activity, allergies, redness and thickening of the eyelids appear.
How to treat demodicosis of the eye
To get rid of demodicosis of the eyes, you must, firstly, wash your face with baby soap once a day, excluding the eye area. Then, with clean hands, begin massaging the upper and lower eyelids towards the eyelashes. Do this for 1.5-2 minutes. Then treat the edges of the eyelids with alcohol and ether, a special ointment and instill alkaline drops.
Many people believe that ticks are incurable. But medical practice shows that all sick people cope with the tick - provided that they massage the eyelids and thereby dislodge the tick. Unfortunately, very often the doctor does not warn about the need for this procedure, and if he prescribes it, the patient himself turns out to be not patient enough and gives up this activity already on the second or third day, limiting himself only to rubbing, ointment and drops.
Concerning castor oil, then it is still prescribed by doctors of the old school (in this regard, calendula tincture was also popular at one time). Take a match with cotton wool, dip it in calendula or oil and wipe the eyelid. We always recommend alcohol with ether, because ticks are easily killed by ether - ether vapors penetrate the glands in the eyelids where the tick hides. In any case, you must remember that you will never get rid of the tick if you do not massage your eyelids. Only in this case will all other treatment make sense.
Eye drops used in ophthalmological practice for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the anterior segment of the eye, outer membranes and eyelids. Such funds can provide different action to the eye, they contain one or more components.
Immediately before instilling the drops, the bottle of medicine should be warmed in your hand to body temperature. The procedure should be carried out in a calm environment, after washing your hands. In order for the drop to get to the right place, you should tilt your head back and pull down your lower eyelid. To avoid getting hit medicinal solution into the nasal cavity, after instillation, close your eye and press on the inner corner.
An important feature of medicinal eye medications is that they quickly penetrate through the outer mucous membrane of the eye into the deeper parts of the visual apparatus. It is not permissible to use such means on your own. Before starting treatment, it is important to read the instructions.
So, how to put eye drops for various diseases and what kind of eye drops are there in general?
Types of eye drops
Let's look at the list of eye medications depending on their pharmacological action:
- Antimicrobial. They include antibiotics, as well as antiviral, antiseptic and antimycotic drugs;
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Antiglaucoma. They are divided into drugs that improve the outflow of ocular fluid and inhibit the production of aqueous fluid.
- Drugs that improve tissue metabolism.
- Antiallergic.
- Medicines for the treatment of cataracts.
- Moisturizing.
- Diagnostic.
The best eye drops can be prescribed by a specialist, as he understands the composition and pharmacological action drug
The best eye drops
Next, let's talk about what are effective means in the fight against various kinds ophthalmological disorders. Choose the most best drops only after a detailed review and comparative analysis.
Moisturizing
This group drugs are used for tired and dry eyes. Experts recommend using moisturizers for dry eye syndrome, long periods of time at the computer, and exposure to adverse factors. environment. Such drugs are sold without prescription form, so they can be freely purchased at pharmacy chains.
Moisturizing drops do not affect the tissues of the eye, but are artificial tears. Thanks to this, they have virtually no contraindications. Let's consider popular products from the group of moisturizing drugs:
- Visomitin. The product has a keratoprotective effect, it fights age-related changes in tear fluid, as well as dry eye syndrome. Visomitin has antioxidant activity, which normalizes conjunctival cells, relieves the inflammatory reaction and normalizes the composition of the tear film. Visomitin is drops for cutting, itching, burning and pain in the eyes. This is a unique drug that affects not only the symptoms, but also the very cause of the problem.
- Systane. The relaxing drug effectively eliminates dryness, fatigue and irritation of the eyes. Soon after instillation, such unpleasant symptoms like itching, redness, burning. When the drops fall on the mucous membrane of the eye, they form a film that protects against drying out.
- Vidisik. The gel has keratoprotective properties. This combination remedy, similar in composition to tear fluid. Vidisik forms a delicate film on the surface of the eye that lubricates and moisturizes. The gel stimulates healing processes.
- Hilo chest of drawers. These are drops for relaxing the eyes, which are used for dry eye syndrome, after surgery, as well as for a feeling of comfort when wearing contact lenses. Hilo-chest includes hyaluronic acid, it does not contain any preservatives and is approved for use during pregnancy. Hilo-chest of drawers are drops for pain, itching and fatigue in the eyes.
Systane is a well-known eye drop for irritation
Activating metabolic processes
Experts prescribe these drops to slow down age-related changes and degenerative processes in the tissues of the visual apparatus, as well as in the treatment of cataracts. The active components included in the composition help the eye receive more oxygen and nutritional components. Medicines in this group improve microcirculation processes, nutrition of the eye and restore functional activity.
Let us highlight the prominent representatives of this group:
- Quinax. Often prescribed for the treatment of lens opacity - cataracts. Quinax has antioxidant activity and protects the lens from negative impact free radicals.
- Taufon. The drug is prescribed for dystrophic changes occurring in the organs of vision. Taufon stimulates metabolic and energy processes, and also accelerates healing processes. The product normalizes intraocular pressure and metabolism.
- Catalin. Used in preventive and medicinal purposes from diabetic and senile cataracts. Catalin normalizes nutrition, metabolic processes in the lens, and also prevents the appearance and development of cataract symptoms.
Taufon are cheap eye drops that activate metabolic processes in the tissues of the eye
Antiglaucoma
Antiglaucoma drops are prescribed for increased intraocular pressure. Glaucoma, or eye hypertension, is fraught with the development atrophic changes V optic nerve and complete loss of vision. The drugs reduce the production of intraocular fluid and improve its outflow. Such drops are good method non-surgical fight against glaucoma. The preservation of the patient’s vision depends on the correctness of their choice.
Let's talk about four well-known anti-glaucoma drops:
- Pilocarpine. The drug constricts the pupil of the eye and reduces increased intraocular pressure. Pilocarpine is also used during eye examinations, as well as after surgical interventions. The product belongs to the group of alkaloids, which is made from the leaves of a plant of the genus Pilocarpus;
- Betoptik. The drug belongs to the group of selective beta-blockers. Intraocular pressure decreases due to a decrease in the production of ocular fluid. Betoptik selectively affects the receptors of the visual apparatus. The product does not affect pupil size and performance twilight vision;
- Fotil. These are combined drops that contain pilocarpine and timolol, a beta-blocker. Fotil causes a spasm of accommodation and constriction of the pupil. Already half an hour after instillation, an effect is observed that can last up to fourteen hours;
- Xalatan. The product improves the outflow of aqueous humor, preventing the progression of glaucoma.
Eye wash drops
Eye rinsing may be necessary in case of injury or exposure to foreign body or aggressive substances. Doctors also recommend the procedure for inflammatory processes. Let's look at three types of eye wash drops:
- Sulfacyl. Belongs to the group of sulfonamides. It has a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microflora. This means that under the influence of the drug, the active growth and reproduction of pathogens is suspended;
- Levomycetin. This is an antibiotic that has wide range actions. Accustoming to Levomycetin occurs slowly.
- Albucid. This is an antibiotic with a bacteriostatic effect that eliminates infectious and inflammatory processes. The active substance has antimicrobial activity and belongs to sulfonamides.
Albucid are antibacterial drops that are used to wash the eyes
Midriatics
The pupil is a hole in the iris of the eye through which light enters the eye. sunlight, is refracted and hits the retina. Drops to dilate the pupil can be used in two cases:
- Therapeutic purpose. In the treatment of inflammatory processes and during surgical intervention.
- Diagnostic purpose. To check the fundus of the eye.
Let's review the famous mydriatics:
- Atropine. The product has a large number of contraindications and is highly toxic. Sometimes the effect of Atropine lasts for ten days. The drug can cause discomfort and blurred vision for a certain period of time;
- Mydriacyl. Approximately twenty minutes after instillation, the product begins to act. The therapeutic activity is maintained for several hours, which means the functions of the eye are quickly restored. The product can be used by both adults and children. You can read more about eye drops for children in this article;
- Irifrin. The product is used for both medicinal and diagnostic purposes. This is due to Irifrin’s ability to lower intraocular pressure.
Irifrin is used for diagnostic purposes to dilate the pupil.
Antiseptic
The main task of antiseptics is to disinfect surfaces. These agents have a wide spectrum of action and therefore bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi are sensitive to them. They are low-allergenic and do not have a systemic effect on the body. The drugs help alleviate the condition of conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis and other inflammatory processes. Antiseptics eliminate redness and prevent the effects of pathogens.
Let's consider two well-known antiseptics for the treatment eye diseases:
- Vitabact. Drops have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. Piloxidin is the main active ingredient drug. Vitabact is used for infectious lesions of the anterior parts of the eye: conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, keratitis, blepharitis.
- Okomistin. Benzyldimethyl is the active ingredient in antiseptic drops. Okomistin is prescribed for eye injuries, keratitis, conjunctivitis. It is also used to prevent purulent-inflammatory complications.
Okomistin is antiseptic drops for eyes and ears
Antiallergic
This group of drugs is used for allergic manifestations in the eye area:
- redness;
- edema;
- burning;
- photophobia;
- lacrimation.
The peculiarity of antiallergic drops is that they only relieve allergy symptoms, but do not provide therapeutic effects. Such drugs are prescribed for seasonal conjunctivitis, inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by wearing contact lenses, as well as drug-induced inflammation.
Consider the list of antiallergic drops:
- Alomide. It is an antihistamine used to stabilize mast cells. After instillation, temporary itching, burning and tingling may occur.
- Allergodil. The product has an anti-edematous and anti-allergic agent. Allergodil is used for seasonal conjunctivitis, as well as year-round inflammation allergic nature. It is allowed to use the product after twelve years. Allergodil may cause eye irritation.
- Opatanol. The active component of the drops is a potent selective antihistamine. Opatanol effectively fights the symptoms of seasonal conjunctivitis: itching, burning, swelling, redness of the mucous membrane.
- Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone are used strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that relieves inflammation and allergic reactions. Hydrocortisone relieves inflammation, irritation, redness, and also reduces the migration of protective cells in the lesion inflammatory reaction.
Allergodil is an antiallergic drug that is used in the form of eye drops and nasal spray.
Vasoconstrictors
Such remedies are used for swelling and redness of the eye. Such unpleasant sensations may be the result of an allergic, inflammatory reaction or irritation. Constriction of blood vessels leads to swelling and swelling disappearing within just a few minutes. You can use vasoconstrictor drugs strictly according to your doctor’s instructions and a short time, as they can be addictive.
Let's take a closer look at the representatives of the vasoconstrictor group:
- Octilia. The drug belongs to alpha-adrenergic agonists. Tetrizoline, the active component of Octilia, constricts blood vessels, relieves swelling, stimulates the outflow of intraocular fluid and causes pupil dilation. The product relieves unpleasant symptoms of eye irritation: lacrimation, itching, burning, painful sensations;
- Okumetil. This is a combined anti-inflammatory agent with antiallergic and antiseptic effects. Okumetil relieves swelling and irritation of the eye. After installation, the active component is able to be absorbed into the systemic bloodstream, which can cause serious side effects from the outside internal organs;
- Visine. The active component is an alpha-adrenergic agonist - tetrizoline. Visine constricts blood vessels and relieves swelling. Within a minute, the effect of the drug appears, which lasts for four to eight hours.
Visin eye drops quickly narrow blood vessels
Antibacterial
Antibacterial drugs struggling with bacterial diseases eye. But exactly bacterial infection most often it becomes the cause of inflammatory processes. Let's talk about effective antibiotics in the form of drops:
- Tobrex. The active component of the drug is tobramycin. This is an antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group. Tobrex is used to treat infectious and inflammatory processes in people of any age, including newborns. Staphylococci, streptococci, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and diphtheria coli are sensitive to tobramycin;
- Digital Active ingredient is ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone group. Capable of causing adverse reactions in the form of allergic reactions;
- Phloxal. This is an antimicrobial drug to which gram-negative bacteria are most sensitive. Floxal is effective in the treatment of styes, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis and other diseases.
Antiviral
There are two types of antiviral drops:
- Virucidal chemotherapy drugs and interferons. These funds destroy viral infection.
- Immunomodulators. Strengthen the resistance, or resistance, of the body, making it easier for it to fight pathogens.
Poludan is effective antiviral agent
Let's talk about four popular antiviral eye drops:
- Oftan I'm coming. Idoxuridine is the active component of the drug, which is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Its main disadvantage is poor penetration into the cornea and the inability to affect resistant strains of viruses and toxic substances. When Oftan Ida is instilled, itching, burning, pain, and swelling may occur;
- Oftalmoferon. This is a combination drug that has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. The product is made from human recombinant interferon. Ophthalmoferon also has local anesthetic and regenerative effects;
- Aktipol. The product not only has an antiviral effect, it has antioxidant, radioprotective and regenerative properties. Aktipol is quickly absorbed into the eye tissue and promotes wound healing, as well as relieving swelling;
- Poludan. Typically, drops are used in the treatment of adenoviral and herpetic lesions of the eye. Poludan also has an immunomodulatory effect. Sometimes the product can cause allergic side effects.
So, eye drops are effective drugs in the fight against various diseases visual apparatus. These funds are divided into various groups depending on the presence of the active ingredient. Used for bacterial infections antibacterial agents, if the ophthalmological disorder is viral in nature, then specialists prescribe antiviral drops. When fungal disease Antimycotic drops are prescribed. And this is far from full list all available eye medications.
Eye drops can be used not only for medicinal purposes, they are also used for prevention and treatment diagnostic study. As it were, medicines for the eyes should be prescribed by a doctor after an examination and an accurate diagnosis.
Rhinitis is medical name well-known runny nose. If it appears in an adult, it does not prevent him from working and living a normal life; in children, everything is much more complicated. The simplest runny nose really bothers them, they become restless, cry, are constantly capricious and even refuse to eat, because it is really very difficult for them to eat with a stuffy nose. Acute form of this problem is an acute nonspecific inflammatory process, which is localized on the mucous surface of the nasal cavity.
Causes and main symptoms of the disease
As a rule, this form of runny nose is a direct consequence of local and general hypothermia of the body. In addition, acute rhinitis may accompany some infectious diseases, which usually affects children. There are three stages in the development of acute rhinitis:
- Dry stage - the mucous membranes of the nasal passages are irritated, but there is no discharge yet.
- Serous discharge appears.
- The discharge becomes mucopurulent.
Dry stage
Acute rhinitis begins with discomfort burning, excessive dryness, tickling in the nose, larynx and pharynx, obsessive repeated sneezing appears. Nasal breathing may be slightly difficult at first, and then almost completely stopped due to the closure of the nasal passages by the swollen, thickened mucous membrane. Simultaneously with these symptoms, an audible nasal sound appears, the sense of smell sharply deteriorates and taste is significantly reduced.
Serous discharge
On the first day, a clear, watery liquid released from the vessels flows profusely from the nose. Then chemical composition This secretion becomes more irritating to the mucous membranes, so the skin under the nose turns red.
Mucopurulent discharge
After some time, pus may be added to the mucus, which is initially grayish in color and then acquires a yellowish-green tint. This is explained by the fact that it contains leukocytes, lymphocytes and epithelium. Some time later total the discharge decreases significantly, breathing and sense of smell are restored, and after a week or two acute rhinitis stops completely. Sometimes the inflammatory process in children is significantly delayed and can even spread to the pharynx, resulting in a high probability of nasopharyngitis and even acute otitis middle ear, because inflammation from the nasopharynx can spread to the auditory tube.
Treatment of rhinitis in children
Nasal rinsing
In infants, mucus and dried crusts from the nasal passages are removed with cotton wool; sometimes they are used to soften the crusts. vegetable oil. For children under two years of age, it is usually recommended to rinse their nose saline solutions, and then instill oil drops from olive, corn or Vaseline oil.
If your baby’s nose is so stuffy that it’s difficult for him to breathe due to accumulated mucus, then you can use a nursery rubber bulb to draw mucus from the nasal passages. This must be done very carefully and only in cases of extreme necessity, because such a procedure, performed too often, can cause significant dryness of the mucous surfaces of the nose.
In order for the baby to eat normally, it is necessary to rinse and bury the nose before each feeding. Rinsing the nasal passages must be done extremely carefully, because careless actions can provoke otitis media.
Nasal drops
Vasoconstrictor drops
You can relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa vasoconstrictor drops, they will help restore the patency of the nasal passages and significantly improve the airiness of the paranasal sinuses.
Anti-inflammatory drops
Anti-inflammatory drops will help cure the inflammatory process - Sofradex, Protargol and special combined drops, which contain antibiotics, Hydrocortisone, Ephedrine and Diphenhydramine in equal parts.
Alkaline drops
Using alkaline drops will help cope with large amounts of thick and viscous discharge. They not only liquefy thick mucus, but also contribute to better expectoration, and then the release of the nasal passages.
Let's sum it up
As a rule, acute rhinitis can be treated well if all the pediatrician’s recommendations are consistently and purposefully followed. But this type of rhinitis must be distinguished from chronic and allergic forms because they require a different approach and treatment.
