A small rash on the face of a one-year-old child. Rashes on a child's face

A rash on a child’s face is most often associated with allergies and the need to introduce a diet. Since the allergy is combined with symptoms that are unpleasant for the baby, the mother, as a rule, wanting to alleviate them for the child, immediately switches to a strict diet. Meanwhile, rashes on a child’s face may have various reasons, often quite trivial and not associated with any allergies. What causes a rash in a child and how to deal with it on the baby’s cheeks? Below is short review the most common causes and treatments.

Small red pimples (sometimes with a white tip) may appear on the baby's face in the first days after birth (sometimes later, even several months later). Acne is caused by the mother's hormones remaining in the baby's body, and not by contact with an allergen. Acne on a child's face is quite easy to distinguish from allergic reactions, because they look like separate rashes and do not merge into one erythema.

Acne in newborns is usually mild and disappears on its own within a few days or weeks after birth. They do not need to be lubricated with anything and should absolutely not be squeezed out. Just wash your baby's face boiled water. Acne that occurs in older children (after 3 months) may appear with greater severity. Then you should consult a doctor, preferably a dermatologist.

When your baby's skin gets overheated, it develops skin-colored blisters or small red rashes called rashes. They can thickly cover sweating surfaces of the body. The formations remain separated and do not merge into one erythema, as in the case of allergies. They form most often in places where the skin has problems with sweat evaporation: in the folds of the neck and hips, in the groin, on the bends of the elbows. In severe forms, they can cover the baby's face, chest, neck and back.

Wc8L-1Ni_uI

First of all, prickly heat should be prevented. Don't bundle up your baby, dress him according to the temperature environment in clothing made from natural fibers. Make sure the house is not too hot. If this type of rash appears, bathe your baby in water with the addition of starch or potassium permanganate. Ventilate your baby's skin frequently. Miliaria that does not go away after a few days or is infected with bacteria should be seen by a doctor.

The rash in a newborn may be a mildew. These are small milky-white papules on the nose or chin, characteristic of very young infants. Millet has nothing to do with allergies and is the result of clogging sebaceous glands, which do not yet work effectively in such young children.

Do not press on the rash. It is enough to wash the baby's face clean water. The skin will clear itself of them as the sebaceous glands mature, when your baby is 3 months old.

Skin irritation during teething

Many babies drool profusely during teething. The baby's cheeks and chin are constantly wet from saliva, and, in addition, the baby constantly touches them with his hands or rubs against the surface when he lies on his stomach.

Not surprisingly, this quickly leads to irritation of delicate skin and cheeks becoming rough and red. In fact, they may look like they're covered afterward. allergic rash. However, good care is enough to improve appearance baby's skin.

The baby's face should be washed frequently with clean water, slightly dried and moisturized, for example, with a protective cream.

Food allergies

Changes on a baby's face (rash on the cheeks, for example) before the age of 3 months are usually not a consequence of food allergies. It takes a little time before the body sensitizes a substance. In older children food allergy(most often due to cow's milk protein) can cause a rash on the face that merges into erythema, the cheeks become red, rough, the skin cracks and itches. Such erythematous changes on the cheeks can develop into atopic dermatitis. It often also occupies the bends of the elbows and knees, and sometimes the entire skin. It's heavy chronic illness, which most often begins by 1 year of life.

The rash on the cheeks is very itchy, the child cries and sleeps poorly. In addition to this, cracks and wounds on the skin are easily susceptible to bacterial, viral and fungal infections. A doctor's help is necessary. You need to choose skin lubricants that relieve itching, and antihistamines, supporting treatment. If skin changes are very serious, your doctor will likely prescribe steroid treatment. It will be necessary to use products (for bathing and lubricating during the day) that moisturize the sore skin. In case of food allergies important element treatment is a diet with the exclusion of irritating foods.

Predisposition to allergies can be checked immediately after childbirth. It is enough to take blood from the umbilical cord and find out the level of IgE antibodies. If it exceeds 15 units per milliliter, the newborn is prone to allergies (although it is not known what the allergy will be to). In this case, it is better to create conditions for him that will reduce the risk of pathology.

A rash or redness on a child's cheeks may be a sign of a contact allergy, i.e. hypersensitivity for substances that irritate the baby's skin.

Most often, the “culprits” of the rash are cosmetical tools for children: face cream or bathing product. Allergies can be caused by the powder used to wash the baby's clothes.

It is necessary to identify and then eliminate the allergen - then the rash disappears without treatment. If changes persist, a visit to your doctor will be required.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Unlike allergy symptoms seborrheic dermatitis often appears already in the first days after birth. Infants have several levels of erythematous lesions with a golden-yellow hue, sometimes with exudate.

If seborrheic skin changes are not very serious, simply bathe your child in clean water with mild restorative agents and lubricate the skin with zinc preparations. In more severe forms of the disease, consultation with a doctor is necessary, preferably a dermatologist.

If the skin changes are severe or do not go away for a long time, you should visit a pediatrician with your child. The doctor will assess whether treatment should be started and will prescribe necessary therapy. If necessary, he will refer him to a dermatologist or allergist.

Steroid use

The use of drugs with steroids in children of the first year of life raises a lot of controversy. Of course, you cannot consume them thoughtlessly. However, sometimes they are necessary.

Used correctly steroid drugs will not harm the child. However, for such treatment to be safe and effective, several rules should be followed:

1. You should not use steroids on your own without consulting your doctor. Not every change in a child’s cheeks requires such serious treatment.
2. Worth finding good specialist, preferably a dermatologist or allergist, and strictly adhere to his recommendations.
3. The doctor must prescribe medications that are appropriate for the child’s age in terms of the strength of the drug and its form (lotion, cream or ointment). When treating children, only mildly potent steroids (hydrocortisone derivatives) can be used, preferably in the form of a suspension, which is easier to use than a cream or ointment.
4. Steroids for children should not be used for longer than 7 days.
5. Particular care should be taken when applying the product to rashes on the face, neck, and also on the bends of the elbows and knees, because the skin in these places is thinner and absorbs the drug more intensely. Apply the product in a very thin layer, only in the area of ​​skin irritation.

A baby's rash can take different forms - these can be various pimples, spots and papules. The causes of a rash in a child are very different. It may be the result of allergies, dermatological problems or infection caused by a viral disease. When is a rash harmless, and when is specialist intervention required?

LriqN3LbtgI

A rash on a child's face can have various causes. The diagnosis and treatment must be determined by a doctor. If your child has a rash on his cheeks, but other than that nothing bothers him, just watch the baby for a few days. Perhaps the rash will disappear and a visit to the doctor will not be necessary. When this does not happen, take your child to a dermatologist.

If a child has a rash on his face and at the same time it is all burning and weakening, in this case, most likely you have become infected with one of the diseases childhood. A rash caused by an infection is easy to recognize because it appears in certain areas and has characteristic “patterns.” Then you will need a visit to the pediatrician, who will assess the extent of the disease and prescribe an appropriate treatment method.

Babies have incredibly delicate and soft skin. Just touching her brings pleasure. She's just perfect. But, as practice shows, various rashes may appear on a child’s face. It is clear that parents are not happy with this situation, and, moreover, they are terrified, since the reasons for the appearance of these rashes are not clear.

The worries are completely justified, because a tiny child cannot express in words possible pain or discomfort in the body, so the body itself gives an important signal that something has gone wrong. It is very important to study this rash in detail and find out its nature.

In medicine, the most common types of rash are distinguished:

• hormonal;
• heat rash;
• food allergies;
• from scarlet fever;
• roseola;
• contact allergy;
• measles.

Hormonal rash

The hormonal type rash is better known as infant acne. About 30% of newborns are at risk of developing such a rash. Acne is completely safe for others, that is, it is not transmitted by airborne droplets or through contact. In order to eliminate this rash, there is no need to use medications or any special preparations.

These rashes appear on the face as well as on the head. With a hormonal rash, there are no pimples in the form of ulcers, since in in this case no clogged pores. This rash simply slightly changes the texture of the skin, and in some cases it can be felt by touch. The reason for the appearance of this rash is the process of normalization of hormonal levels.

Acne also occurs because there is an excessive amount of fungi on the surface of the skin, which are classified as normal microflora. You should not try to cure hormonal rashes in infants with compresses based on tinctures, such as calendula. This procedure can be harmful to the baby's skin.

At best, the rash will become slightly inflamed and become more noticeable, and at worst, allergic reactions may develop. To eliminate this rash, just follow standard rules hygiene. The rash will go away on its own. This can take from one to several months, it all depends on the child’s body.

If the healing process is very slow, then a specialist can simply prescribe special ointments that speed up the process. Infant acne appears before the age of three months.

Between 3 and 6 months, your baby may develop baby acne. In this case, the characteristics of the rash are completely different. The pimples have a black head, which is characteristic of acne. These pimples may leave marks in the form of scars. There are specific reasons for the appearance of infant acne. This high level androgen production. And in this case, professional treatment is necessary.

Prickly heat

Infants quite often suffer from rashes such as prickly heat. She appears not only when the street is very heat and the baby sweats a lot, and at any time of the year. It's a rash Pink colour. The rashes are slightly raised and therefore can be felt by touch. It may even be slightly cool outside, but the rash will still appear because small child their own characteristics of body thermoregulation. The main causes of rashes can be identified:

• overheating of the baby's body;
• inadequate hygienic care;
• long stay in wet pants.

To avoid the appearance of this type of rash, it is necessary to control the temperature in the room. It should be at 18 degrees Celsius.

Miliaria can appear on the face, namely on the cheeks, forehead, neck, ears, legs and arms, but the rash itself does not bring any discomfort to the child. You should not treat prickly heat, since it will disappear on its own as soon as the reasons for which it appeared are eliminated.

Allergy to food

In the first year of life, a child may have a reaction to certain foods. This is a food allergy. It is characterized by a red rash. These pimples appear on the cheeks, as well as on the ears and chin area. These rashes appear in the form of spots that peel off. They can appear not only on the face, namely the cheeks, ears, but also on the back, stomach, legs and other parts of the body.

If a child constantly eats food that causes a similar reaction in him, this can lead to the rash taking the form of a scab.

In general, it looks very unpleasant, and not only on the face, but also on areas of the body that are hidden under clothing. A baby who is fed breast milk may experience such a reaction due to the mother's failure to comply with the diet. You should not eat all the foods in a row, since the baby is not yet strong enough. digestive system, and she cannot accept certain types of food. Everything needs to be approached gradually.

If there is a need to introduce a new type of food into the mother’s diet, then this must be done gradually, that is, first eat a small amount of the product and see the child’s reaction, does it break out? First of all, rashes appear on the face.

An allergic reaction in a baby can be caused by:

• red fish;
• tomatoes;
• citrus;
• some types of meat.

Allergic pimples can appear in infants who eat artificial formulas. They contain a large amount of proteins, and they are the allergens that cause pimples. If a baby develops rashes in this form, then you need to stop using the mixture and choose another suitable option.

Contact type of allergy

Infants are susceptible to allergies that appear not only internally, but also appear on the skin. Contact allergies are also commonly called dermatitis. This is a small rash that looks very similar to a simple chafing.

The cause of this type of rash is believed to be the use of laundry detergents that contain large amounts of fragrance. Most often, a large proportion of fragrances is contained in mouthwashes.

Leather infant is very sensitive, therefore, when washing clothes, it is necessary to use only hypoallergenic products that do not contain components that can cause allergies.

Contact allergies appear on those areas of the skin that come into contact with clothes washed using incorrectly selected products.

That is, if it is a cap, then the rash will appear on the face, ears and head. The appearance of pimples can be caused by clothing made from synthetic materials.

Roseola

Roseola is an infectious disease that is typical for children under two years of age. This disease has symptoms that are unique to it. Initially, the temperature rises, and it can only be brought down on the third day.

As soon as the temperature returns to normal, red pimples appear on the skin. They are located in patches and can be on the face, as well as other parts of the body. With roseola, there is no point in treating a child with medications.

Scarlet fever

This is a small rash that appears in the form of small pimples in the neck, back and chest. In addition, it can spread to other parts of the body, and even appear on the face. This disease can be transmitted through the air. Treatment is carried out only according to the doctor’s recommendations.

Measles

With measles, the rash has a characteristic big size foci and bright color. Initially, rashes in the form of papules appear behind the ears, as well as on the face, that is, on the eyelids, cheeks and other parts of the body. If measles appears in a child, it is necessary to consult a doctor, since only a specialist will prescribe the correct treatment that will help prevent the formation of unpleasant scars on the eyelids, cheeks, and ears that remain after measles.

In general, the result can be very unpleasant, so you need to worry about the child’s face and contact a specialist.

A rash on a child’s face, photos, all types of rashes – this is exactly what we’re talking about we'll talk in this article. After all, it is a serious problem, as it spreads rapidly throughout the body and can turn into an intractable disease. In the future, we will consider how to recognize this in a child and what signs they have.

What does urticaria look like in a child?

This disease is easy to diagnose independently; most often it affects children under 3 years of age. Often it appears in the form small dots. A rash on a child’s face, photo, all types of rashes should be examined very carefully. They are distinguished by the presence of a reddish tint and blisters, which increase in size when scratched. The cause of the occurrence is the entry of an allergen into the body, due to which an increased amount of histamine is produced, leading to thinning of the walls of blood vessels. In this case, the urticaria disappears quite quickly, within two hours, appearing in another place almost immediately. The irritants are:

1. Food products such as milk, eggs, chocolate, fruits and more.
2. Infections from viruses, bacteria.
3. Medications.
4. Impurities such as pollen, dust, fluff and the rest.
5. Nickel, resin.
6. Dyes.

To make a diagnosis, it is enough to tell your doctor the time and place of the onset of the initial symptoms.

To make sure the diagnosis is correct, the doctor may conduct a test skin tests, examination of the whole body and take a blood test.

Urticaria should be treated immediately, because it can develop into severe form, which will be accompanied by labor-intensive treatment and a long onset of results.

Measles and what it looks like

Rashes on a child’s face, including around the eyes, nose, cheeks, etc., are a fairly common phenomenon that can be caused by several reasons. The area, symptoms and their nature of the rash in children can help identify it.

A rash is a skin reaction that can make the skin red, swollen, and blotchy. In children, including infants, it can occur on the face, chest, abdomen, groin, scalp, back, neck, legs and other parts of the body.

Causes

Impetigo

Impetigo

Facial rashes can be caused by a condition known as impetigo. This is a superficial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus bacteria. It is often found around the nose of babies, but can also appear on other areas of the body.

According to Emedicinehealth.com, "rashes are more common in warmer months." Medical experts have also linked it to secondary infections, eczema, poison ivy reactions, insect bites or abrasions.

Some of the symptoms of impetigo include small blisters, which then form red, open patches on the affected skin. The condition may be accompanied by itching. Although this disease is rarely serious, it is highly contagious.

Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Atopic eczema(atopic dermatitis)

This is a dermatological disease that is common in many children and is accompanied by dry and itchy skin. The most affected areas of skin in children are the face, neck, back, elbows and knees. Often the skin clears adolescence and the disease goes away forever, less often it persists into adulthood. “Eczema cannot be cured, but it can be controlled with proper treatment». .

Symptoms of the disease include dry, itchy, red and cracked skin, which can sometimes be accompanied by discharge. In addition, it is known that a red rash on a child's face can be associated with genes. Once infected with eczema, a child/infant may be susceptible to skin infections and allergens.

Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Fifth disease

Fifth disease is a viral infection that is most common in infants, but can also affect people of any age. It is usually accompanied by a bright red rash on the baby's cheeks.

This is usually a mild infection that clears up in about two weeks. If the child gets sick erythema infectiosum, he develops immunity for life.

The condition, although not common, can be very severe in some people, especially those who suffer from blood diseases, have weak immune system or infected with infections.

Chicken pox

Varicella (chickenpox)

Nhs.uk explains that “chickenpox is a common disease that mainly affects children and causes a patchy, itchy rash.” Many children suffer from this condition at some point in their lives. It can also be contracted by adults who were not ill in childhood.

Although this is usually not serious illness, which goes away within a few weeks, can be very serious in children with weak immune systems.

Its symptoms include red, raised patches on the face or chest that gradually spread to other parts of the body. Blisters, scabs, and crusts also appear during the course of the disease. Chickenpox is a highly contagious infection.

Acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris

Acne can be caused by many factors. Excess sebum production combined with excessive shedding of dead skin cells can lead to clogged hair follicles.

This clogged follicle is a good breeding ground for Propionibacterium acnes, to which the body responds by sending white blood cells to fight it, resulting in acne in children.

Acne is common on the face, neck, chest and back, i.e. where a large number of sebaceous glands are located. It appears as black or whiteheads, which can be very severe if infection is present.

Milia

Milia

Milia are small white spots that usually appear on a child's face, especially on the cheeks, chin, forehead, around the eyes and nose. They usually appear as raised bumps with a smooth texture.

The rash usually appears a few weeks after birth, as young babies' sebaceous glands are still developing. The condition usually improves after about six weeks, otherwise you will need to see your doctor again for treatment.

Erythema toxicum

Erythema toxicum

This general state skin condition that newborns may encounter (appears in almost half of them). This disease appears on the skin as red spots, which are accompanied by small yellow or white pustules in the middle. A baby may develop this rash about 4 days after birth. This can happen on any part of the body, including the baby's face.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by an acute streptococcal throat infection that manifests itself as a red, rough rash starting on the face and neck and accompanied by a high fever and sore throat. From the face and neck, the rash may spread to other areas of the body.

After about six days, the condition goes away, and the baby's skin begins to peel off. An examination by a doctor is necessary to determine the presence of streptococcal infection. The best medicine in this case, antibiotics will be used.

Hives

Hives

Urticaria (urticaria) is a flare-up of a pale red, bumpy rash that appears suddenly in any area of ​​the body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, etc. According to Skinsight.com, hives “are a common skin condition with itchy bumps (from pink to red) that appear and disappear on any part of the skin.”

Hives can be mild or chronic and can be caused by various factors, such as certain medications, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, environmental allergies, exposure to heat, cold, water, ultraviolet rays or pressure, among other factors.

Systemic conditions and diseases

Various conditions can affect a child's body, resulting in a rash. Conditions such as lupus, autoimmune disorders and nutritional deficiencies are among the conditions that can lead to rashes in a newborn.

For example, autoimmune diseases often cause a rash on the cheekbones. To control them, more should be used strong methods treatments or remedies.

Other reasons

As we already mentioned, many factors or conditions can lead to this problem, including:

• Herpes simplex virus
• Folliculitis
• Flat wart
• Phlegmon
• Insect bites
• Drug rash
• Follicular keratosis
• Nevus (mole)
• Rubella
• Keloids
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Seborrheic eczema
• Poison ivy, oak and sumac
• Psoriasis
• Sudden exanthema or roseola
• Vitiligo
• Shingles.

Symptoms

The symptoms of baby rash can vary depending on the severity, size, shape, etc. Some may be mild while others may be acute or chronic. But they always depend on the reason.

Some of the symptoms can be treated effectively at home, but more severe ones will require medical intervention. Here general symptoms that occur along with the rash:

• Red spots
• Small red dots on the skin
• Flat dry white spots
• Itchy pink or red bumps
• Liquid-filled blisters.

A rash on a child's face may also be accompanied by more serious symptoms, such as:

• Cough
• Constipation
• Fever
• A sore throat
• Muscle pain
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Nausea
• Cry.

If such associated symptoms, you should seek immediate medical attention to prevent the rash from worsening or spreading to other areas. It should be noted that some symptoms can be life-threatening.

Diagnosing a rash can be a little tricky due to the fact that there are many triggers that can be localized or generalized (resulting in rashes throughout the body).

Itchy rash

Rash on childish face, accompanied by itching, can lead to sleepless nights for parents and the child. This may cause the child to scratch at the broken skin, causing the infection to spread and worsen the condition.

Here are some of the causes of rashes that are accompanied by itching sensations in the baby:

• Eczema
• Hives
• Ringworm
• Allergic reactions
• Milia
• Impetigo.

There are many home remedies you can use to relieve itching in babies. The best ones include cold compresses, antihistamines, and others. You should consult a dermatologist for more serious treatment.

Treatment and prevention

Treating rashes in children is a difficult task. You need to ask yourself the following questions:

• What is the child's general condition?
• Is the rash localized or generalized?
• Are there other symptoms of illness?
• When did the rash appear?
• Was there any treatment being carried out at the time the problem occurred?
• Has your baby been exposed to any allergens, such as certain foods, soaps, or skin care products?
• How much manifestations are serious rash?

These questions will help determine the most effective treatment measure.

Antiseptic/antibacterial treatments

Local therapy may be necessary for treatment skin infections leading to the spread of rashes. If local drugs is not enough, sometimes oral medications can also be used.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are ideal for treating allergic reactions. They are especially effective in relieving itching.

This type of medication is best used before bed as it may cause drowsiness. Antihistamine creams should be avoided because they can irritate babies' skin, especially if it is sensitive.

Cold compresses

This is very good remedy for the treatment of itching and swelling. However, caution should be exercised when using it. It is necessary to moisturize your child's skin after using cold compresses.

Folk remedies

Below are some effective home remedies to treat your baby:

• Coconut oil
• Aloe vera
• Lemon juice
• Tea tree oil
• Baking soda
• Vinegar
• Egg white.

Folk remedies may be effective for mild or moderate manifestations of the problem; in severe conditions, you should definitely contact your pediatrician to prescribe stronger medications.

Prevention

Some causes of rash in newborns are preventable, but not all. So, below are some of the methods that can be applied to prevent the child from suffering:

• Avoid using products with harsh chemicals, for example, soap, detergents, perfumes that may irritate the skin
• Do not put tight clothes on your baby to avoid irritation.
• Moisturize your baby's skin to soothe and soften it

Children's skin does not always remain silky and velvety, as is commonly believed. Exanthema or rash on the child’s face is not a rare event, especially with a hereditary predisposition to such a reaction skin to various stimuli. Rashes in children are usually caused by infections, food or drug intolerances. In each case, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the rash, help the inflamed skin and prevent scarring.

Skin diseases arise from various reasons, more often children's body This is how it reacts to toxins from pathogens of infectious diseases and allergens. Doctors consider viruses, bacteria, and irritation of the epidermis with chemicals to be responsible for the red rash on a child’s face. Exanthema is usually manifested by burning, intense itching and swelling of the skin tissue.

Newborns suffer from pemphigus and erythroderma, which are included in the group of dermatoses. Miliaria in the form of a small red rash on the face and diaper rash in infants occurs when high air temperatures are combined with high humidity, poor hygienic care. It happens that during inflammation, the cavity elements of the rash are filled with liquid or pus. Then the treatment of dermatosis is delayed, and the risk of scar tissue formation increases.

Children early age suffer from diaper rash and atopic dermatitis, urticaria. In preschool and school age Ringworm and scabies are more common. Hemorrhagic rash in the form of small subcutaneous hemorrhages appears in children suffering from influenza and ARVI. In any case, you need to consult a doctor to find out the cause of the rash and begin treatment.

Review of infectious factors for the formation of rashes on the face

Spots and pimples are symptoms of such classic childhood diseases as chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever. The skin's reaction to the infection leads to the formation of a rash on the child's head, as well as on other parts of the body. Viruses are transmitted through droplets of saliva during sneezing and coughing, and through direct contact with infected skin and things. However, not every infected child develops a rash.

Chickenpox

Virus chickenpox transmitted by sneezing and coughing with air currents long distances. This is where the name “chickenpox” comes from. Children aged 2 to 5 years are affected; infants and students can become infected junior classes. After about two weeks, a fever begins, itchy blisters appear on the face and neck, which spread to the torso, arms and legs. Sometimes the virus infects the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, throat and genitals. The blisters should be treated with antiseptics for one or two weeks. Lotions with infusions of chamomile or other anti-inflammatory herbs will help relieve itching.

Symptoms of sudden exanthema (three-day fever)

The disease most often occurs in children between 6–12 months of age, but a child can become ill as early as 2 years of age. The high temperature lasts for three days at about 40°C, then quickly decreases. A pale red, patchy rash forms on the head and torso, after 2 days the symptoms subside. Incubation period between infection and the onset of the disease is 5–15 days.

Erythema infectiosum

The duration of the incubation period is 3–5 days. Small, then large spots appear on the child’s cheeks, gradually taking on the shape of a butterfly. The disease is accompanied by sore throat, fever, and loss of appetite. The rash spreads to the trunk and limbs. The child is given antipyretics and bed rest in the first days.

Measles is a viral disease with flu-like symptoms

The child is feverish and exhibits cold symptoms. A rash, typical of a viral infection, appears after 4 days and is accompanied by itching. The rash first appears on the face and neck, later on the torso. Temperatures can rise to 40°C. The child becomes weaker during illness and needs more rest. Measles is highly contagious and the infection is transmitted through the air through droplets of saliva. The incubation period is about 3 weeks.

Thanks to routine vaccination, measles is considered a rare disease.

Rubella is a dangerous infection for an unborn baby

Viral disease manifests itself in children by increasing cervical lymph nodes. A rash appears after one or two days light red color behind the ears, spreading to the face and throughout the body. The disease is accompanied by fever and pain, but not in all cases. The spots disappear 1–3 days after formation.

Children receive routine vaccinations against rubella. The infection is more dangerous for the fetus in the womb, as it causes severe birth defects in the first three months of pregnancy. The incubation period is 2–3 weeks.

Epidemic pemphigus of newborns

The disease is caused Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus. The risk group includes infants born prematurely with birth injuries. Microbes penetrate into umbilical wound, and the skin reacts to infection by forming small blisters on the head and in the folds of the torso.

Treatment of rashes in typical infectious diseases of childhood

When viral infections held symptomatic treatment. A child with fever is given antipyretics - paracetamol, ibuprofen in the form of syrups, tablets, or rectal suppositories. A rash that occurs after a fever in a patient with ARVI usually goes away without complications or consequences. It is important to maintain bed rest and use antiseptic lotions for skin care.

The epidermis becomes covered with crusts and scales, so during the recovery stage you need to use healing ointments and creams.

Vesiculopustulosis- pustular lesions in the form of vesicles. The causative agent is staphylococcus. The rash occurs on the head, but the greatest danger is the spread of infection to the torso. Bubbles should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate or brilliant green. You can't bathe a child staphylococcal infection spread to healthy skin.

Pemphigus neonates treated with antibiotics, usually cefazolin or ceftriaxone. Apply daily to blisters antiseptic solutions brilliant green or methylene blue. A child who is prescribed antibiotics is given drugs with lactobacilli to protect the intestines from dysbiosis .

Dermatoses in children

The rash is characteristic of the delicate and thin skin of children, which reacts sharply to dietary disturbances, infection and inflammation in the body. As researchers have established, the frequency of dermatoses in children is influenced by heredity, environmental conditions, and synthetic substances in food, medicine, and clothing. The skin is the first to take the “blow” of factors external environment- solar radiation, wind, acid precipitation.

Diseases that cause a rash on the child’s head:

• dermatitis - atopic, seborrheic, contact, medicinal, solar;
• lichen - ringworm, colored, white, pink;
• erythema multiforme;
• hives;
• scabies;
• psoriasis.

Genetic diseases, such as partial albinism, psoriasis, ichthyosis, are caused by abnormalities in chromosomes. The manifestation of hereditary skin lesions also depends on the conditions in which the child lives. Congenital dermatoses occur during intrauterine development, they are not inherited. Purchased skin diseases develop under the simultaneous influence of several factors.

Minor injuries, abrasions, and cracks in the skin facilitate the penetration of bacteria, fungi, and mites into the skin.

“Ringworm” is a generalized name for a whole group of diseases. Ringworm can be recognized by a ring-shaped, pink-red rash on the head and torso. The disease is caused by a fungus that is transmitted from infected people and animals. Lichen alba differs in that only children are affected, and the spots on the face are not red, but white.

Scabies is caused by microscopic mites embedded in the skin. Main sign The disease is reflected in its name. Arises severe itching in those parts of the body where scabies mites gnaw passages in the epidermis and lay eggs. Intensifying discomfort warm, and lack of treatment and proper hygiene leads to damage to the entire body.

Inflammation of the skin - dermatitis - occurs under the influence of various physical and chemical factors.

According to medical statistics, in developed countries, 10–15% of children from 0 to 6 years old and only 2% of adults suffer from atopic dermatitis. Contribute to the development of rashes on the face and body. chronic infection in the oropharynx, endocrine and metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency. Allergens in medications administered orally and intravenously are the cause of toxicoderma in children. Rashes with photodermatitis are caused by hypersensitivity of the child’s skin to sunlight.

Neonatal acne and vesiculopustulosis

Neonatal acne - a natural reaction small organism to hormonal changes. Acne on the face in the first 3 weeks after birth is similar in origin to acne in adolescence. Parents should not worry about this, because newborn acne is an absolutely harmless reaction of the baby’s body. Red pimples with a small white or yellow nodule at the top first appear on the face.

You should not squeeze or otherwise try to get rid of pimples on a baby’s face. The rash is painless, does not cause itching and heals on its own.

Differences between hormonal acne in a newborn and allergies and heat rash:

1. Neonatal acne is located on the face, along the hairline, sometimes on the scalp, chest and back.
2. An allergic rash appears on any part of the body, even on the eyelids.
3. Miliaria primarily affects the folds of the body and is rarely localized on the face.
4. Neonatal acne does not cause itching or pain in the baby.
5. Miliaria, an itchy rash of allergic origin.

No medical treatment is required for neonatal acne. It is necessary to wash the child carefully with warm water and high-quality baby soap. Pediatricians recommend using baby creams and lotions with calendula, chamomile, and olive oil to care for infant skin.

Treatment of rashes on the face in children

Etiological therapy of dermatoses consists in the use of certain medicinal substances. Scabies can be cured with sulfur ointment, and ringworm with antifungal cream. However, in the case of allergic dermatoses, using only external remedies will not lead to recovery. It is considered the most effective A complex approach, including etiotropic and symptomatic treatment. It is necessary to sanitize foci of chronic infection and take care to improve work internal organs, strengthening the immune system.

Which groups medicines used in pediatric dermatology:

• immunomodulatory;
• antifungal;
• antibacterial;
• antiviral;
• antihistamines;
• hormonal;
• sedatives.

What should parents do? Try to detect and remove allergens in the child’s environment. It is necessary to follow the doctor’s recommendations and give the patient medications prescribed by a specialist. Folk remedies are used not instead of medicines, but as auxiliary ones. Antihistamines of different generations are most widely used in the treatment of rashes in children: Fenistil, Tavegil, Claritin, Suprastin, Zyrtek. Antiallergic agents such as calcium chloride and calcium gluconate are traditionally used.