The reference book compiled by I. I. Pavlova will help you understand the names and characteristics of medicines. IN modern world abundance various drugs It's simply amazing. There are a lot of different different medications There are many analogues of these products that have the same effect. It is often very difficult for an ordinary person to understand all this; he wonders why there are so many different drugs if it was possible to create only one that works well and performs the necessary functions.
When a person comes to the pharmacy with a list necessary medications, they may offer him something else, saying that it is a similar remedy. But people may begin to question how this drug fits the bill. This directory contains descriptions of medicines, the names of which are arranged in alphabetical order. The main substance, the effect it has on the body, indications for use and contraindications are indicated here. It should be understood that medications not only have the name that is written on the box, but also have chemical and international name. All this is written about in this reference book; it will help any person navigate, choose the appropriate analogue and obtain information about the drug of interest.
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Classification of drugs
The most common international Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC). In Russia, it is more common to divide into Pharmacological groups. In addition, there is also Nosological classification.
Prescription and over-the-counter drugs
In world practice, there is the concept of “over-the-counter” and “prescription” drugs. The latter suggest a greater potential danger of use without a doctor's prescription. There is a constant struggle between the “pharmaceutical” and “medical” lobbies (respectively, for the expansion of the 1st or 2nd group of drugs and the corresponding business).
State regulation is designed to take into account the interests of the population (the dilemma of “availability” and/or “safety” of medicines) - without bias towards the interests of the pharmaceutical or medical business.
Homeopathic medicines
In a number of countries, these drugs are regulated differently - either as a category of "Medicines" or as " Food products and supplements" or as "alternative medicine". There is currently no established opinion on this matter international organizations, agreed with national health authorities.
IN Russian Federation homeopathic medicines subject to the same legislative regulation just like regular medications.
Legislative regulation
The circulation of medicines is regulated by law and by-laws, including the regularly updated list of Essential and Essential Medicines (VED), List narcotic drugs and etc.
Economic consequences of legislative regulation
In Ukraine, there is a practice of refunding excise duty for the use of alcohol in the production of medicines - only after their sale.
Bodies of state control over the quality of medicines
Controls the quality of medicines in Russia federal Service for supervision in the field of healthcare and social development(Roszdravnadzor), subordinate to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
In the majority major cities There are Centers for Quality Control of Medicines in Russia. Their main task is to check organizations selling medicines (compliance with numerous standards for the storage and sale of medicines), as well as selective (and in some regions, total) control of medicines. Based on data from regional centers, Roszdravnadzor will make decisions on rejecting a particular drug.
This is how it should be ideally. In practice, everything looks a little different.
Firstly, the vast majority of drug quality control centers are poorly equipped, and it is difficult to carry out chemical analysis They are not capable of modern medicine. Even more a difficult situation stacks with microbiological research, which are either not produced at all or are produced in very reduced quantities. As a result, all, so to speak, research is often limited to an assessment appearance medications (is there any unacceptable sediment, are the tablets cracked, is the packaging properly designed, is the label crooked, etc.).
Secondly, according to the current legislation in Russia, it is unacceptable to require additional analysis from the seller if the medicinal product already has a valid certificate (declaration) of conformity. So everything additional research must be carried out at the expense of the Centers for Quality Control of Medicines. In reality, this results in additional costs for the seller.
Thirdly, the Centers for Quality Control of Medicines must produce selective drug control. In many regions of Russia (for example, Stavropol, Tver region, Tatarstan), repeated inspection is of a total nature. This is generally illegal, and due to the lack of equipment in laboratories, it is simply pointless, which leads to significant difficulties in the sale of not only counterfeit and low-quality medicines, but also medicines in general.
As a result of the above, we can say that the majority of regional Centers for Quality Control of Medicines today do not fulfill their tasks, only creating the ground for bribes and unfair competition.
Rejected and falsified medicines are subject to withdrawal from the pharmacy network; information about them is posted on the following websites:
Original medicines and generics
An original medicine is a drug that was first released by the developer. As a rule, the development and marketing of a new drug is a very expensive and lengthy process. From a variety of known compounds, as well as newly synthesized ones, by brute force, based on databases of their properties and computer modeling of the expected biological activity, substances with maximum target activity are identified and synthesized. After experiments on animals, in the case positive result, limited clinical trials on groups of volunteers. If effectiveness is confirmed and side effects insignificant - the medicine goes into production, and based on the results of additional tests, the possible features actions are revealed unwanted effects. Often the most harmful side effects are revealed during clinical use.
In this case, the manufacturer patents this new drug. All other firms can produce synonyms (the so-called generics), but using our own technology, if the bioequivalence of the drugs is proven. Of course, they cannot use the brand name for this medicine, but only the INN, or any new one patented by them. Despite the new name, such drugs may be similar or very close in their effects.
Are original drugs and generics completely equivalent? From a chemical point of view, the active substance is the same. But the production technology is different, it is possible varying degrees cleaning. There are other factors too. For example, it is known that for a long time different companies could not achieve the same effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (generic) as that of Bayer AG, the manufacturer of the original drug “aspirin”. It turned out that the matter is not only in the purity of the raw materials, but also in the special method of crystallization, which results in special, smaller crystals acetylsalicylic acid. There can be many such nuances. The opposite result is also possible, when the generic drug turns out to be more successful than the original medicine.
IN modern drugs Only one of the isomers (enantiomers) may be biologically active; the other may be weakly active, inactive, or even harmful (see Bioavailability).
Illegal actions in the production and circulation of medicines
Falsification of medicines, counterfeit medicines
The pharmaceutical business is considered the third most profitable, after the arms and drug trade. This attracts unscrupulous entrepreneurs to him.
In Russia, until 1991, the problem of drug counterfeiting was practically absent.
Falsification
Counterfeiting is a deliberate change in the recipe for the production of a medicinal product. Replacing expensive components with cheaper ones, or reducing the content (or in the worst case, completely eliminating) the necessary component of the drug. For example, replacing the more expensive cefazolin with cheaper (and less effective) penicillin. In addition, other violations during production are possible: violation of time and sequence technological process, underestimation of the degree of cleaning, low-quality packaging materials, etc.
Useful information about medications100 best medicines of the proven remedies are still not outdated and help better than others. Some medications also have serious side effects that patients should be aware of. All this will help you stay healthy. But doctors warn: do not self-medicate.
COLD
1. Arbidol - increases the antiviral activity of all body systems.
2. Ibupron is a strong pain reliever, acts quickly, in the form effervescent tablets It is gentle on the stomach, and in candles it is convenient for babies.
3. Coldrex is an excellent vasoconstrictor drug. It works quickly because it is dissolved in hot water.
4. Nazol - relieves a runny nose and prevents the nasal mucosa from drying out, lasts 12 hours.
5. Nurofen - ambulance, works quickly. There are suppositories for babies, but they greatly worsen the quality of the blood.
6. Paracetamol (Panadol, Efferalgan) - an excellent antipyretic, indispensable for asthmatics.
7. Polyoxidonium - stimulates immune system, prescribed for children, suitable for emergency assistance and for prevention during the ARVI epidemic.
8. Ribomunil - restores immunity, recommended for children as the most effective remedy.
9. Sanorin - the most quick remedy for the common cold with antiallergic components.
10. Flukol-B - cheap and effective drug, but contains 8% alcohol and is contraindicated for drivers.
LIVER
1. Antral - domestic original drug, it has no analogues in the world, protects liver cells from any microbial aggression.
2. Galstena - drops, an indispensable medicine for young children.
3. Lioliv - improves the condition of the liver in case of jaundice (low bilirubin).
4. Lipoferon - the drug is taken orally, it is 5 times cheaper than injectable interferons!
5. Potassium orotate - improves liver function, protein synthesis, and overall metabolism.
6. Silymarin - hexal. Herbal preparation. It contains much more active substance than in its analogues: karsil, silibor, hepaben.
7. Cholenzym - choleretic inexpensive drug, helps digest food, improves enzyme production.
8. Holyver - choleretic drug plant origin.
9. Hepel - a homeopathic German remedy without side effects.
10. Essentiale - no more than 20 years old effective drug for liver treatment.
STOMACH
1. Altan - herbal preparation domestically produced, indispensable for peptic ulcers.
2. Acidin-pepsin. The drug increases acidity in the stomach.
3. Gastritol - drops of plant origin, good for babies.
4. Motilium - normalizes gastric motility, improves the movement of food through the stomach.
5. Sea buckthorn oil- reduces inflammatory processes in the stomach.
6. Pariet - from latest generation drugs that effectively reduce acidity in the stomach.
7. Pilobact - the latest remedy from Helicobacter.
8. Renorm - a domestic phytoconcentrate with a strong anti-inflammatory effect, normalizes digestion.
9. Riabal - relieves stomach cramps well, it is prescribed to children. Available in syrup and drops.
10. Phosphalugel is a gel that relieves heartburn attacks well and is less toxic than its analogues.
EYES
1. Zovirax - eye ointment, is indispensable for viral conjunctivitis.
2. Quinax is the best preventative for cataracts.
3. Korneregel is a gel that effectively restores the tear film on the cornea of the eye.
4. Xalacom - it combines two drugs xalatan and timalol. They enhance each other's action.
5. Xalatan (travatan) - effective for glaucoma, you can drop it once a day.
6. Systane is an artificial tear, the advantage is that you can drop it once a day.
7. Uniclofen is a good non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in drops.
8. Floxal - drops, antibiotic, acts on a wide range of microorganisms.
9. Floxal ointment - indispensable for bacterial conjunctivitis.
10. Cycloxane - strong antibiotic in drops, a panacea for acute conjunctivitis.
EARS
1. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that actively fights the main pathogens that cause ENT diseases.
2. Clavicillin-Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. In addition to microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin, the drug also has an active effect on certain types of bacteria.
3. Otofa - ear drops, antibiotic is used for inflammatory diseases middle ear.
4. Otipax - combination drug For local application with a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The combination of phenazone and lidocaine reduces the time of onset of the anesthetic effect.
5. Nimesulide - has both analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects.
6. Noxprey - when administered through the nasal cavity, it causes a narrowing of the mucous membrane, reduces its swelling, as well as swelling around the mouth eustachian tubes, improves drainage in case of eustachitis and otitis media.
7. Ciprofloxacin - effective local remedy for otitis, has an anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictor effect, reduces swelling.
8. Cefaclor, cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime are second and third generation cephalosporins. They are prescribed to those who are not affected by ampicillin.
9. Edas-125 tonsillin - homeopathic drops, prescribed to children from 2 years of age for otitis, adenoids, chronic tonsillitis with water or a lump of sugar.
10. Erythromycin - prescribed to those who are allergic to penicillin drugs.
NERVES
1. Venlaxor is an antidepressant with virtually no side effects, quickly relieves severe depression.
2. Busperon is a strong anti-anxiety drug that does not create the effect of inhibition. Can be used by drivers and students before the exam.
3. Gidazepam is a mild sleeping pill that does not affect the driver’s reaction. But you can get used to it - you can’t drink it for more than a month!
4. Zyprexa - has no serious side effects, provides immediate relief.
5. Imovan (sonap, somnol, sonavan) - the most modern sleeping pills.
6. Paxil - an antidepressant good at eliminating panic, fear, obsessive states(phobias), helps against anorexia, and also prolongs the course of sexual intercourse.
7. Pramestar - improves memory in general and simplifies the memorization of information.
8. Rispolept - long lasting, convenient - dissolves in the mouth like candy.
9. Sulpiride (eglanil) - simultaneously treats nerves and stomach. Another plus: I drank today - today is the result.
10. Finlepsin - treats seizures and neuritis, and also stabilizes mood.
KIDNEYS
1. Axef is an antibiotic, convenient because it can be taken as tablets or injected. It is sold individually, complete with solvent.
2. Blemaren is the most effective dissolver of kidney stones.
3. Canephron is a herbal preparation without side effects.
4. Movalis - suppositories, a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug that does not irritate the rectal mucosa.
5. Nephrofit is a combined herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Without side effects, prescribed to children over 5 years old and pregnant women.
6. Ofloxin is not aggressive to the stomach and rarely causes allergies.
7. Urosept - suppositories that act only on the urinary system.
8. Urolesan is a herbal preparation that removes sand well from the kidneys and is often prescribed to children. Available in syrup form.
9. Flemoklav solutab - a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, recommended for weakened patients.
10. Ceftriaxone - antibiotic wide range actions with a minimum of side effects, approved for use even by pregnant women.
PROSTATE
1. Azitrox is an antibiotic, convenient - one tablet per week.
2. Gatifloxacin is the most new antibiotic, fast acting.
3. Zoxon - gives a minimum of side effects, convenient - one tablet at night.
4. Penisten - reduces the volume of the prostate, reduces the risk of cancer prostate gland.
5. Prostamol UNO is a herbal preparation without side effects.
6. Prostatilen (Vitaprost) - extract from the prostate gland of a large cattle, biostimulant.
7. Proteflazide is a herbal immunostimulant, effective for prostatitis.
8. Focusin - does not lower blood pressure.
9. Funid - antifungal drug last generation.
10. Unidox Solutab is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that penetrates well into the prostate tissue.
JOINTS
1. Aspirin is indispensable for gout.
2. Alflutop - improves blood metabolism and activates metabolic processes in muscles.
3. Dona - strengthens cartilage tissue.
4. Dicloberl is a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug. They are used in suppositories, but injections can also be given.
5. Diclofen - has fewer side effects than others.
6. Diclofenac is effective, but affects the condition of the blood.
7. Ketanov is an effective injection drug.
8. Olfen - convenient because it is in suppositories; it does not harm the gastric mucosa.
9. Osteogenon is an effective chondoprotector that relieves joint laxity.
10. Retabolil - improves peripheral circulation.
THROAT
1. Anaferon - good homeopathic remedy for treatment viral infections upper respiratory tract.
2. Kolustan is an aerosol that relieves swelling and inflammation well.
3. Lugol's dissolved in glycerin is the best external remedy for laryngitis.
4. Proposol-N - has pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, does not have an irritating effect on the body.
5. Sinupret - has an antibacterial and anti-edematous effect, can be prescribed to children - available in the form of drops.
6. Tonsilgon is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic that helps reduce swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.
7. Tonsilotren - increases the activity of the mucous membrane.
8. Flemoxin solutab is an effective instant antibiotic for purulent sore throat, used both internally and for rinsing.
9. Faringosept - antiseptic, pleasant to the taste (dissolves in the mouth). Does not affect intestinal microflora.
10. Falimint - a product with a cooling effect for the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx. Indispensable on the eve of operations, during dental prosthetics and for lecturers.
Attention! The effect of these medications depends on concomitant medications and other nuances of treatment.
Doctors warn: under no circumstances should you be treated without consulting a doctor!
BE HEALTHY!
