Setting up a first aid kit for a newborn is a suitable activity for expectant mother when there are less than 5 weeks left before delivery. For convenience, it is worth having a list of the essentials on hand so that you can rely on it when collecting accessories and medicines for a children's first aid kit.

Is a first aid kit necessary from the first days of life?

Some of the parents have probably thought about the fact that a first aid kit with medicines “for all occasions” is not the first necessity, because it is not known whether the purchased medicines will be useful to the baby. In addition, many of them have a very limited shelf life. This is true, but here it is worth clarifying two important points:

1. The phrase “first aid kit for a newborn” means not only medicines, but mainly hygiene accessories, antiseptic solutions and tools that are necessary to care for the baby.
2. Many of the funds are purchased for future use specifically to help the mother in an unforeseen situation. Running to the pharmacy “as needed” is sometimes not the best option, especially if a young mother and child are alone, without help. For example, if your baby starts having colic at night, a prepared remedy from the first aid kit will help alleviate the baby’s condition.

Putting together a first aid kit for a newborn: where to start

A newborn baby requires constant care, and many products from the first aid kit will be needed for this from the very first days of life.

A complete first aid kit for infants includes:

• hygiene products from 0+;
• antiseptics for disinfection umbilical wound and children's skin with microtraumas;
• medicines for emergency assistance a sick baby;
• medical supplies for procedures.

First aid kit for the maternity hospital

The baby's first first aid kit will be the one that the mother takes with her to the maternity hospital. IN maternity hospital The mother in labor and the baby are under round-the-clock supervision, there are medications in the maternity hospital, so little money will be required. So, what is included in a first aid kit for a newborn, which may be required in the maternity hospital:

• baby diaper cream;
• hypoallergenic powder;
• large package of wet wipes;
• cotton pads;
• Cream Bepantel or D-panthenol (for diaper rash in a child and cracked nipples in a nursing mother);
• cotton buds;
• brilliant green solution;
• pipette.

On a note! It is convenient to put all the components of the first aid kit in a transparent container or cosmetic bag, so that if necessary, you can quickly find the right product.

First aid kit for home

Home baby first aid kit includes full list hygiene products, tools, medicines that a caring mother prepares for her baby even before his birth. Forming such “baggage” is not a matter of one day, or even a week. All products can be purchased gradually until the birth of a newborn.

First, we suggest watching a video about what should be included in a first aid kit, and then we will look at all the contents in more detail:

So, let's take a closer look at what a home first aid kit 0+ includes for a baby.

Hygiene products

Hygienic products are included in the first aid kit as necessary for caring for a newborn baby. All of them should be in the house where the baby lives and grows. So, what hygiene products are needed for a newborn:

• baby bath product from birth. It is better to choose liquid hypoallergenic soap with a convenient dispenser, approved for use from birth.
• baby diaper cream with zinc oxide. It prevents the appearance of diaper rash and prevents its appearance on delicate baby skin;
• diaper powder. Sometimes powder is suitable for babies; by the way, it is good to alternate it with the use of cream;
• apricot oil for massage;
• cotton swabs with a limiter for cleaning ears. They can also be used to treat the umbilical wound;
• sterile cotton wool for cleaning the nose (to form flagella);
• wet wipes 0+ hypoallergenic for children;
• packaging of cotton pads for morning eye rinsing;
• Vaseline oil (for lubricating crusts on the head or for lubricating the tip of a thermometer/gas outlet tube);
• safety scissors for babies;
• aspirator for cleaning baby's nose
• bath thermometer;
• medicinal herbs for preparing decoctions in the bath (chamomile, string and motherwort).

Accessories for baby medical care

All those items will be listed here and necessary funds which may be needed in case of illness of the child. They are purchased for a newborn baby, but can also be useful later in the first year of life:

• thermometer for measuring temperature. From birth, a child should have his own separate thermometer, and whether it is mercury, electronic or infrared is at your discretion;
• enema syringe No. 1 with a volume of 25 ml;
• gas outlet tube – 2 pcs.;
• pipettes with a rounded end – 2 pcs. They can be useful for introducing medicine into the baby’s mouth, nose or ear;
• measuring spoon (or syringe) with divisions for medicines;
• 1 package of sterile bandage and cotton wool;
• measuring cup;
• disposable mask (for mother).

Antiseptics

Antiseptics are useful for caring for your baby in the first month of life. Potassium permanganate is necessary for disinfection tap water in a bath, a solution of brilliant green - for treating the navel. The remaining products will be useful in case of damage to the baby’s skin and minor wounds (scratches):

• hydrogen peroxide solution;
• furatsilin (in tablets) for preparing a solution that is used to wash the baby’s eyes or genitals as prescribed by the doctor;
• brilliant green solution;
• iodine solution;
• chlorophyllipt solution;
• potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
• medical alcohol;
• The patch is hypoallergenic.

Note! Many parents like a ready-made first aid kit for children, which can be purchased at pharmacy chains. It is already filled with all the necessary contents to maintain the health of the newborn. Such a first aid kit can also help out in situations where labor began prematurely and the mother did not have time to purchase everything she needed for her baby.

Medicines in a children's medicine cabinet

List of main medicines that a newborn's home first aid kit should include:

• Antipyretic drugs– they should be available in two forms: syrup (for example, Nurofen, Panadol) and suppositories (Viburkol, Tsefekon). Candles are placed in cases where the baby is vomiting and cannot swallow the syrup, as well as at night to bring down the temperature of the sleeping baby. The syrup has a sweet taste, quickly reduces fever, and is preferred when a child has problems with bowel movements.
• Sorbents- given to a child in case of poisoning and intoxication. From birth, the baby is allowed sorbents such as Smecta and Enterogel.
• Anti-diaper rash products– redness in a baby is treated with air baths and special creams, for example Sudocrem or Bepanten.
• Nasal rinsing solutions– in case of a runny nose, use products based on sea ​​water, such as Aquamaris, Humer.
• Anti-colic– suitable remedies for colic from birth: Plantex, Bobotik, Espumisan and others.

The table also shows short list something that can be useful for a young mother in case of possible illnesses in her baby.

Possible problems	What to take in the first aid kit
Treatment of the umbilical wound	brilliant green solution cotton buds pipette hydrogen peroxide (3%)
Bloating	warmer gas outlet tube enema No. 1 – 2 pcs.
Retention of stool	enema #1 laxatives ( glycerin suppositories, microlax)
Dysbacteriosis/diarrhea	probiotics/prebiotics (normabact, bifiform baby) adsorbents (enterosgel)
Allergy, atopic dermatitis	antihistamines for oral/external use (fenistil drops, zodak)
Temperature increase	thermometer for measuring body temperature antipyretics (nurofen suspension, cefekon suppositories from 1 month)
Nasal congestion	sterile cotton wool (for cotton buds) saline solution nasal aspirator vasoconstrictor drops in the nose for congestion (nazol baby, Nazivin)

Important! All of the above medications are indicated for informational purposes only and can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.

For the prevention of diseases and treatment of newborn babies, additional medical supplies prescribed by a pediatrician.

Cause of concern	Name of medicine
fever, cough	antipyretic – nurofen, panadol, aflubin for infections and inflammations - Viferon for cough – joset, prospan
runny nose	nasal rinsing – aquamaris, aqualor treatment – ​​isofra, vibrocil vasoconstrictor – Otrivin baby, Nazivin
upset stomach, stool disorder, poisoning	for loss of fluid in the body, diarrhea - rehydron, probiform for severe colic - plantex, sub-simplex for constipation - microlax, duphalac at loose stools– enterofuril in case of poisoning - enterosgel

Storing a baby first aid kit

When the first aid kit for your baby is assembled, it’s time to think about the proper and convenient storage of all its components.

• The volume of the first aid kit is large, and only some of the items will be used daily. You can divide it into 2 different boxes. The first will contain only those items that are needed for daily use, and this box should be located in a convenient place “at hand”. In the second box you can distribute all the funds that are needed in case of illness of the baby. It should be put in a dark place and taken out as needed.
• Some of the medicines in the first aid kit require special conditions storage Place products that need to be kept at low temperatures (such as candles) in the refrigerator.
• Be sure to keep the instructions for the products, even if you remember what dosage to use the drug. If the shelf life is not indicated on the medicine, then the packaging must also be stored.
• At least once every three months, go through your children's first aid kit and throw away expired medications.
• Glue emergency numbers to the lid of your first aid kit so you don’t have to look for them if necessary.

And finally, be sure to watch the video where the mother of a newborn shares her experience of buying and filling a baby first aid kit:

It must be remembered that the undesirable (and sometimes even toxic) effects of drugs are enhanced by their incorrect use, non-compliance with dosages and frequency of administration. Therefore, of course, only a doctor can choose a drug, taking into account its need, the age of the baby and the tolerability of the drug. It is important for parents to strictly follow all the doctor’s instructions. In addition, it is not easy (and it is simply impossible for children in the first months of life) to force them to open their mouth and drink medicine. We will tell you in this article how to properly administer a medication prescribed by a doctor.

First let's formulate general rules which must be observed when giving medicine to an infant.

Rule one: a doctor must prescribe medicine for a child

Medicine for a child early age should only be prescribed by a doctor. This rule is indisputable and obvious, but, unfortunately, it is not always followed. Any drug, even the most seemingly harmless vitamin, can cause unwanted (so-called side effects, such as allergies) and toxic reactions - for example, if the permissible dose is exceeded. In addition, some medications can “mask” the disease.

Rule two: research your child's medicine

Before giving your child medicine, carefully read the label and package insert. Read the label on the drug itself, pay attention to its expiration date, appearance, as well as the combination of this drug with food and other medications, possible adverse reactions and contraindications. It is unacceptable to use drugs that have expired, were stored incorrectly, have signs of spoilage, or have erased or illegible inscriptions.

Rule three: the child must be given medicine strictly according to the instructions.

Follow the dose, time, method of administration, frequency and duration of use of the medicine prescribed by your doctor.

Before the doctor leaves, check whether you understood the dosage regimen correctly: how much, how, when (before, during or after meals), how often and for how long the child should take the medicine.

Never give medicine “by eye” - measure the prescribed dose using a special measuring spoon, graduated pipette, measuring tube or syringe without a needle; Before giving medicine to your child, check that you have measured the dose accurately. Use only clean measuring cups.

Your child should take medications regularly and at the appointed time. If you are afraid that you may accidentally miss the time of your next medication intake (especially for antibiotics), then use various devices (timers, alarm clocks, etc.) that will remind you of this. Be sure to complete the started course of treatment, even if the child feels better.

If the use of the medicine caused any problems in your baby unwanted reaction, be sure to inform your doctor about this in order to decide on the possibility of further use of the drug or its replacement.

Rule Four: Find a way to give your child the medicine.

If your baby refuses to take the medicine, use simple techniques.

The simplest thing is to ask your doctor to choose the most affordable and easy-to-use option for your child. Currently, many medications for infants are produced in special forms that are convenient for dosage and use (drops, syrups, suspensions), which most often have a pleasant taste and smell, which makes them much easier to take. However, we must keep in mind that some sweeteners and flavorings added to medications can cause allergic reaction. Therefore, it is more advisable to use tasteless and odorless drops, which are very convenient to use and rarely cause allergies.

If a child refuses to take a bitter medicine (this is especially true for babies over 6 months), try to pour the drug into the cavity between the jaw and cheek, directing it deep into the mouth, since there are many taste buds at the tip of the tongue, and the root of the tongue has an increased gag reflex. The most convenient way to do this is with a measuring syringe (you can use a disposable syringe without a needle).

It is advisable to give the medicine to the baby together with an assistant (for example, one of the relatives).

Never allow your baby to play with medications: it is dangerous. Keep them out of the reach of children.

Now let's talk in more detail about in different ways taking medications by a child.

Medicines for a child: open your mouth!

Taking medications by mouth is the most common way to prescribe medications at home. Most medications for infants are available in liquid form (solutions, syrups, emulsions, suspensions) with measuring instruments (spoons, pipettes, syringes, etc.). Before using the medicine in liquid form must be shaken thoroughly.

Features of the procedure

When taking the medicine, a baby up to 6 months is held in the same way as when feeding, so that his head is slightly elevated. If the child already knows how to sit, then it is more convenient to sit him on your lap, fixing his legs between his knees and holding his arms. Smile and, with gentle words, lightly touch the cheeks with your fingers (in children under 3 months the search reflex has not yet died out) or gently squeeze the cheeks with your fingers: the baby’s mouth will open and you can direct the medicine directly to its intended purpose. If the baby does not open his mouth and resists, you can try pressing your finger on his chin to move it down lower jaw. If this maneuver fails, you will have to insert the spoon between the teeth or gums (from the side of the cheek) and carefully turn it with its edge; when the child's mouth opens, introduce medicinal solution. After the child has swallowed the medicine, give it afterward. boiled water room temperature.

Important Details

If a child burps or spits out the medicine immediately or within 10–15 minutes after taking it, then this drug must be given again in the same dose (with the exception of drugs that can easily be overdosed, for example, cardiac glycosides, hormones: their use in such cases must be discussed with your doctor). If the baby starts vomiting after 30–45 minutes, there is no need to give him the medicine again, since the drug has already been absorbed in the intestines during this time.

Never mix the medicine into the entire one-time volume of milk formula, or into those foods that the child must eat constantly (porridge, vegetables or meat puree, cottage cheese, etc.): the child may not finish the food (and therefore will not receive the full dose of the medicine), or may even refuse it altogether. The most correct thing is to use boiled water to dilute medicines, since other drinks can interact chemically with the components that make up the medicine, which leads to undesirable consequences(decrease therapeutic effect or impaired absorption of the drug). In cases where the reception medicine prescribed during meals, if possible, try to give it only when the baby has eaten at least half of the usual portion. If the medicine for an infant is very bitter, then a child whose diet has already been introduced to fruit purees can “disguise” the drug in 1 teaspoon of puree; The tablet must be crushed first. It is not recommended to give a child 3-4 or more medications by mouth at the same time - it is advisable to do this with a break of 10-15 minutes. Medicines that are administered in different ways (for example, a tablet and nasal drops, etc.) and do not cause negative reactions in the baby can be given simultaneously (one after the other without a break).

Medicines for a child: on the other hand...

Sometimes for a faster attack therapeutic effect or in cases where it is impossible to administer medications by mouth (vomiting, child refusal), suppositories or medicinal enemas are used. Administration of drugs through the rectum is called rectal.

Introducing suppositories to a child

This method of drug administration is especially convenient for treating children. infancy. Before introducing a candle to a child, it should be warmed at room temperature (candles are stored in the refrigerator). You need to lay the baby on his back, press the baby’s knees to his tummy, spread the buttocks with two fingers of one hand and insert the candle into the anus pointed end first. The candle should completely “hide” in the anus. After inserting it, close your buttocks and hold them in this position for about one minute so that the candle does not slip out.

It is advisable to administer suppositories to the child after stool. If defecation occurs within the first 5 minutes after insertion of the suppository, then it must be reintroduced. If more time has passed, then the contents of the suppository have had time to be absorbed in the rectum, and this procedure no need to repeat.

Giving enemas to a child

A medicinal enema for a child (an enema with the administration of medication) should be given 15–20 minutes after the baby has stool or after a cleansing enema.

For a cleansing enema (as well as for a medicinal one), rubber balloons (bulbs) with a soft tip, lubricated, are used. vegetable oil or Vaseline. The volume of administered fluid for newborns is 25 ml; for children 1–2 months – 30–40 ml; 2–4 months – 60 ml; 6–9 months – 100–150 ml; 9–12 months – 120–180 ml; the temperature of the injected water is 28–30 °C. Under no circumstances should you give a cleansing enema to a young child. acute pain in the abdomen: this may worsen its condition in acute surgical pathology (such as acute intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, peritonitis, etc.).

Place the child on an oilcloth covered with a diaper on top (the position of the baby when administering an enema is the same as when using candles). Release the air from the water balloon and carefully insert the tip of the bulb completely (2–3 cm) with a rotational motion into the rectum. Slowly squeezing the balloon, gradually introduce water into the intestines. After this, squeeze the baby’s buttocks with your left hand and remove the tip without unclenching the balloon. Hold your buttocks in a closed position for some time (2-3 minutes) so that the water does not immediately pour out of the intestines. After finishing the procedure, the child needs to be washed.

The administration of the drug using an enema is carried out in a similar way, but in a smaller volume (it is indicated by the doctor), the temperature of the injected solution is 37–38 ° C for better absorption. After removing the tip, the child's buttocks should be kept closed for about 10 minutes to allow the medicine to be absorbed.

Local treatment

Various creams, ointments, powders, mash, aqueous and alcohol solutions and so on. They should be applied with clean hands, a gauze swab or cotton swabs.

Compresses

If the doctor has prescribed a compress for the baby, it is done in this way: a medicinal preparation is applied to a gauze swab, and the swab is covered with wax paper or tracing paper on top (plastic films are not used, since an airtight space is created under them and irritation or burns of the baby’s delicate skin may occur). Place a cotton pad on the paper and a gauze napkin on top big size or a piece of fabric. To secure the compress, you can use a bandage or adhesive plaster. The compress area should be kept warm at all times.

How to make a compress on the ear?
A compress on the ear is done in the same way as on regular skin. The only peculiarity of this procedure is that a gauze swab with a medicinal preparation, adjacent to the skin, is cut vertically and placed on the sore ear, and the ear itself is covered with a dry cloth. The next layer of compress is wax paper, then a cotton pad (in the case of a warming compress), and on top is a large gauze pad or piece of cloth. It is best to secure the compress with a bandage. A cap is placed over the compress.

Nasal drops for a child

Before administering the medicine, the baby’s nose must be cleared of accumulated mucus and crusts. This is done using a cotton wool pad (a piece of cotton wool twisted into a long strip). If there are dense crusts, the nose should first be rinsed with saline solution; You can use a regular 0.9% saline solution, purchased at a pharmacy or prepared yourself: 1/2 teaspoon of table salt per glass of boiled water).

Nasal drops for a child (preferably at room temperature) are instilled using a pipette or a special tip with which this drug is available. The ointment is first applied to a cotton swab, and then rotational movements is introduced into the nasal passages. The baby should be picked up, holding his arms and head, or placed on his back on the changing table. Without touching the nose with the pipette, the drops are first introduced into one nostril and the child’s head is immediately turned towards this half of the nose. Then the same amount of solution is injected into the second nostril. After this, the baby needs to be held in your arms for a while in a lying position.

Ear drops

Before instilling drops into the ear, it is necessary to warm the medicinal solution to a temperature of 37 ° C by placing the bottle in warm water. Place your baby on the changing table or pick him up on his side with the affected ear facing up. If there is pus, very carefully clean the outer ear canal cotton wool. Pull with your left hand auricle behind the earlobe slightly downward, instill the drug and hold the child in this position for several minutes. You can plug your ear with a piece of cotton wool for 5–10 minutes.

Eye drops for children

Instillation into the eyes should be carried out at a time when the child is not crying. Place the baby on his back on the changing table or pick him up; Be sure to fix the baby's forehead. If there is mucus, pus or crusts on the child’s eyes, they must first be removed (for each eye, use a separate cotton swab or cotton pad soaked in boiled water, the direction of movement is from the outer corner of the eye to the inner). Then you need to pull back the lower eyelid a little and drip eye drops child between the lower eyelid and eyeball. You should not drop the medicine directly onto the eye, because it is very unpleasant and ineffective (the child squints and all the medicine flows out). Try to drop just behind the lower eyelid, where the required amount of the drug will enter the tear reservoir (conjunctival sac), be absorbed and begin to act. Be careful not to let the dropper touch your eye. Use a cotton swab to blot the remaining drops at the inner corner of the eye. If your baby cried after the drops, and there was profuse lacrimation, then this procedure must be repeated.

When applying eye ointment, it is best to use a clean glass spatula, since squeezing the ointment directly from the tube can accidentally injure your baby's eye. The ointment is placed behind the lower eyelid.

Inhalations

Inhalations for young children are carried out using special devices - inhalers or nebulizers (as ultrasonic and compressor inhalers). For children under 1 year of age, steam inhalation without an inhaler is not performed, since there is a high risk of burning the child. For inhalations, special children's attachments are used (masks, nasal tips, etc.). The child is held in front of the sprayer and simply inhales the sprayed liquid. The baby's cry does not interfere with inhalation, since he continues to breathe the sprayed drug through his open mouth. Inhalations can also be carried out while the baby is sleeping.

Remember that the child (especially in the first months of life) subtly senses your mood, and your confidence in the need for the treatment prescribed by the doctor is very important to him. If you have any questions or doubts, be sure to consult your pediatrician. Be attentive, patient, affectionate and careful!

FEATURES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

Drug absorption. In newborns, especially premature ones, the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is significantly reduced; gastric emptying is usually slow and normalizes only by 6-8 months. The intensity of peristalsis and, consequently, the speed of passage of food through the intestines is in most cases unpredictable and only in a small proportion of newborns depends on the nature of feeding. Thus, there are significant differences in the degree and rate of drug absorption in children of different ages. For example, in newborns up to 15 days there is a delay in the absorption of phenytoin, rifampicin, ampicillin, and cephalexin. However, the absorption of digoxin and diazepam does not depend significantly on age. In addition to physiological factors, various pathological conditions can also affect drug absorption. Thus, with diarrhea, the absorption of ampicillin is impaired, and with steatorrhea, the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A and D and other drugs is impaired.

The absorption of drugs after their intramuscular administration mainly depends on the speed of blood flow, which is not the same in different muscle groups. In newborns, the completeness and rate of drug absorption after intramuscular administration varies significantly. When transdermal administration of drugs to newborns, their more intense absorption should be taken into account, which is why many drugs must be prescribed with caution. Boric acid, which is found in many powders, can be absorbed through the skin and cause diarrhea, aggravate prickly heat and some other skin diseases. Even through intact skin of newborns, anilines (which are part of textile dyes in linen) can be absorbed, causing methemoglobinemia.

Drug distribution. Differences in the distribution of drugs in children of different ages depend on the relative volume of water (the fetus contains up to 95% of water, the body of a premature newborn - 86%, a full-term newborn - 75%, by the end of 1 year of life water makes up about 65% of body weight), the ability of drugs bind to proteins and tissue receptors, circulatory conditions, permeability of histohematic barriers. With acidosis (very typical for sick children), the distribution of drugs changes significantly: the absorption of acidic drugs by tissues increases, and alkaline drugs decrease (the effect of pH on the ionization of weak electrolytes).

In newborns, the volume of extracellular fluid is approximately 45% (in premature infants even 50%) of body weight, at 4-6 months - 30% and at 1 year - 25%. Its intensive daily exchange also occurs (in an infant, 56% of extracellular fluid is exchanged per day, in an adult - only 14%). This facilitates the rapid penetration of hydrophilic drugs into the extracellular fluid and their equally rapid elimination. In newborns, the amount of fat is reduced, it makes up approximately 3% of body weight in premature infants, 12% in full-term ones. Since the distribution of drugs between the extracellular fluid and the fat depot occurs in accordance with lipophilicity and hydrophilicity, these properties of the drugs determine their distribution. Drugs with high hydrophilicity and low protein binding will be intensively distributed in the extracellular fluid and their concentration in the blood will be reduced. Because of this, it is sometimes more advisable to dose drugs (sulfonamides, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin) based on extracellular fluid rather than on total body weight. With dehydration or shock, the volume of extracellular fluid decreases, and the concentration of the water-soluble drug in the blood plasma increases, therefore, the likelihood of developing an ADR will increase.

Association of drugs with proteins. In newborns, the binding of drugs to plasma proteins is less than in adults (the concentration of the free fraction of drugs is higher), which is due to the following factors. In newborns, the amount of plasma proteins (in particular albumin) is smaller, and there are also qualitative differences in their binding capacity. In the blood of children, there is a high concentration of free fatty acids, bilirubin and hormones (entered into the body during prenatal development), which compete with drugs for binding to plasma proteins.

The concentration of albumins, their binding capacity, as well as the total amount of proteins stabilize by the end of the 1st year of life.

Metabolism of drugs. The immaturity of the drug metabolism (biotransformation) system may be responsible for the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in children younger age. In addition to the physiological characteristics of metabolism due to age, other factors also influence the rate of biotransformation of drugs in newborns. Long-term exposure to certain drugs can increase (induce) the activity of liver enzymes.

Some diseases and pathological conditions additionally affect the metabolism of drugs and, accordingly, change the severity of pharmacodynamic effects or even modify them, which complicates rational pharmacotherapy of newborns. T 1/2 of most drugs in the early childhood increased, which requires a reduction in the dose of the drug or an increase in the interval between doses. The maximum increase in T 1/2 was observed in premature infants; as they grow, it gradually decreases, amounting to 50% of this indicator in adults after 1-2 months.

Drug removal. The excretory function of the kidneys in newborns is not sufficiently developed (the amount of glomerular filtration per unit of body surface is 30-40% of the same indicator in adults, and tubular secretion is 17%). The level of glomerular filtration characteristic of adults is achieved several months after birth, and secretory function tubules - a little later.

Different degrees of maturity of renal function cause differences in the kinetics of many drugs in full-term and premature newborns.

The immune system. Newborns and infants receive some of their immune substances from their mother and through breast milk. But in general the immune system imperfect, i.e. the child is poorly protected from infections and is very sensitive to microorganisms, which in many cases requires aseptic conditions for the manufacture of medications for children. By about 11 years of age, the child’s body produces immune cells in sufficient quantities, almost in accordance with adult indicators.

Requirements for children's LFs

Based on the above data, the following requirements for children's physical therapy can be formulated:

Treatment of the child should be carried out at the most optimal level using the most effective and safe medications for children. The pharmacist should remember that only 5% of all medications have been thoroughly tested on children and have appropriate approval from federal authorities for use in pediatrics

LF should be as simple and convenient to use as possible. For example, for internal use

preference is given to liquid dosage forms in the form of syrups, drops or suspensions. Once in the intestines, liquid medications spread over a larger area of ​​the mucous membrane and are better absorbed. As excipients for children's dosage forms, indifferent mainly, approved for use in medical practice. Their content in dosage forms should be minimal.

In GF X and XI there is a table of the highest single (HSD) and highest daily (HSD) doses for children depending on age. If there is no indication of dosage in the appropriate regulatory documents, use the scheme recommended by the Global Fund.

Particular attention should be paid to newborns and patients under 1 year of age, whose treatment places special demands not only on the drug itself and its dosage, but also on its dosage form. Due to the small dosage (about 1/20 of the adult dose), children are often given syrups, elixirs, solutions and similar forms that are easier to dose, take and which can be added to food when feeding the child.

Table 1. Dose changes depending on age

5. All medicines, regardless of their method of administration, for newborns and children under 1 year of age are prepared under aseptic conditions, since the child’s body, due to its incomplete formation, is very sensitive to microorganisms that can also be found in medicines.. Medicines for newborns must be sterile, and drugs for children under 1 year of age must meet the microbiological purity standard “No more than 50 bacteria and fungi in total in 1 g or 1 ml of the drug in the absence of Enterobacteriacaeae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus.” Packaging for medicines must ensure their sterility within the expiration date.

6. When preparing children's dosage forms, special attention should be paid to the stability of drugs, especially in the form of a solution.

Aqueous solutions of the following drugs are unstable: acetazolamide, allopurinol, amiodarone, amlodipine, azathioprine, caffeine, captopril, clonazepam, clonidepine, daapson, enalapril, indinavir, isradipine, lamatrigine, levodopa, levofloxacin, mexiletrine, nifedipine, , propylthiouracil, pyrazinamide, rifampicin , sertanine, spironolactone, topiramate, ursodiol, verapamil, therefore solutions of these substances cannot be prepared.

7. If possible, dosage forms for children should not be bad taste, smell.

8. All medications, and especially medications for children, must be stored in places inaccessible to them, in packaging that ensures the stability of the drug and the impossibility of uncontrolled use by the child.

9. It is not allowed to use tablets for the manufacture of other dosage forms (Ringer-Locke solution for internal use, powders, ointments, etc.)

I'm glad to welcome everyone! If before the baby was born in the family, you only had pills for headaches, Activated carbon and brilliant green, then now you will have to reconsider your views on medicines. First aid kit for a child: a list of necessary medications. What to buy for children different ages- from infants to schoolchildren.

What does a newborn need?

Before the birth of twins, I didn’t think that a home medicine cabinet was such a thing. important element in our family. And it is not necessary to put it in great amount tablets, injections, syrups. What should be in a newborn's first aid kit:

• Products that help: Plantex (natural fennel powder), Baby Calm, Espumisan, Sub Simplex, Linex, Bobotik.
• Help with diaper rash: baby powder, Bepanten, Sudocrem.
• Baby cream for lubricating folds.
• Nasal aspirator for removing mucus from the nose during a runny nose.
• Saline solution - used for rhinitis in children.
• Hydrogen peroxide, alcohol (for treating the umbilical wound in the first weeks of the baby’s life and disinfecting the baby’s nails before cutting them).
• Vitamin D for the prevention of rickets in winter.
• Furacilin for washing the eyes for conjunctivitis.
• Gel or tablets that relieve teething pain.

Accessory kit

Pediatrician Komarovsky recommends stocking up on auxiliary materials when packing a first aid kit:

• scissors;
• tweezers;
• cotton pads;
• bandages;
• plasters;
• tourniquet;
• syringes.

I wouldn't be surprised if you're confused about syringes. However, thanks to them, you can measure the exact amount of medicine in ml (“children’s doses” of syrups are no more than 2 ml), drop drops into the nose or ear (if you don’t have a special pipette at hand), and wash the wound.

Medicines, potions, pills

There is no need to buy up the entire pharmacy and take this stuff home. As practice shows, if the rules are followed healthy image life and hardening, most medicines for children and their parents are not useful.

A first aid kit for a 5 year old child and a 5 month old baby will be different. Babies under one year of age should strictly use medications labeled “allowed for children under one year of age.” Such drugs contain a minimum dosage active substances, giving a minimum side effects.

What's in a first aid kit?

1. Antipyretic.
   Ibuprofen or Paracetamol or their analogues. Some of these products should be in syrup, some in candles. If the baby refuses to drink the syrup, spits it out and becomes hysterical, then you quickly insert a candle with an active antipyretic component.
   Please note that you should not lower your body temperature if the thermometer shows below 37.5 degrees. The body itself must fight infectious and viral processes by raising the temperature. If you interfere with this process, then the baby will not develop defense mechanism from viruses and bacteria.
2. Oral rehydration products.
   This fluid is necessary in case of poisoning, since dehydration poses the greatest threat to child's body. Be sure to put one of these solutions in your first aid kit: Hydrovit, Regidron, Orsol, Maratonic, Humana Electrolyte.
   Rehydration products must be in the first aid kit for one year old baby. Such children do not yet have the skill to drink water from a mug on their own. Yes, and in a painful state it will be difficult to do this. How are you caring parent, through a 20 ml syringe, pour the liquid drop by drop into oral cavity crumbs.
3. Vasoconstrictor drops.
   In the first aid kit for a 3-year-old child, put vasoconstrictor drops based on xylometazoline, and for children under one year old, based on phenylephrine. You will need these remedies for otitis media and acute runny nose.
4. Antiallergic drugs: Laratadine or Ceterizine.
5. Glycerin suppositories for constipation.
6. Anti-burn products based on Panthenol.
7. Antiseptics in the form of iodine, chlorhexidine, alcohol.

After you have collected a first aid kit for your child, do not forget to check the condition of the medications once every 2 months or more often, monitor their integrity and expiration dates. Drugs whose expiration date has expired must be disposed of.

Tell me, what did you put in your first aid kit? What would you recommend to mothers of newborns and those with older children? Let's talk about this topic in the comments.

Hope for feedback! See you again!

A children's first aid kit should contain all the necessary first aid supplies, thanks to which, in most cases, you will be able to respond in time to unexpected troubles. Let's look at what it should consist of.

The simplest, but very important are best helpers parents: brilliant green, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, alcohol, cotton wool, sterile bandage. Also don’t forget about a thermometer (now there are electronic thermometers), a syringe, vent pipe, pipettes, and syringes. The latter is very convenient, after removing the needle, measuring and taking medications, rinsing.

Antipyretics
There should be several antipyretic drugs in a children's medicine cabinet. The most ideal option is if the medicine cabinet contains one drug based on paracetamol (the most common children's Panadol), and another based on ibuprofen (Nurofen, already tested on our own children). But besides syrup, there should also be antipyretics rectal suppositories(Efferalgan, you can Analdim). The instructions and packaging of each drug detail the doses for each age of the child. Therefore, before giving the medicine to your child, read the instructions.

Antiviral agents
In our age of various viruses and microbes, you need to be fully armed to protect your baby as much as possible from this nasty thing. The first and most important thing is hygiene. You should always wash your hands after walking or using the toilet. It is good to wash fruits and vegetables under running water. But to protect yourself from all unpleasant viral diseases, this, unfortunately, is not enough. One of the most simple remedies – Oxolinic ointment, which you need to lubricate the surface of your nose before going for a walk.
During an epidemic or during the illness of one of the family members, the baby, as well as all family members, must take barrier antivirals, which will help increase the body's resistance to infectious and viral diseases. This can be done with the help of drugs such as Interferon, Arbidol, Anaferon. Viferon candles, which should always be in your refrigerator, are well suited for children under 4 years of age. Suppositories are the most convenient form for treating infants.
Attention! If your baby does get sick, contact your doctor immediately. After examining your child, he will recommend medications that will be most effective for this disease. The doctor can also advise you on some other medications that should be in your children's first aid kit.

Anti-inflammatory drugs
If your child has a common cold, you can buy regular throat aerosols (for my children I take regular Chlorophyllipt, only with a spray bottle, so it’s easier to reach the throat). If the child is able to suck a tablet, you can buy lozenges (Faringosept).
Will be needed saline solutions for rinsing the nose (Humer or Aqua-Maris, they are identical), and as vasoconstrictor drops into the nose (Nazivin, Nazol Baby or Otrivin - no more than 2 times a day). These drugs act as anti-inflammatory agents.
Ear problems may also occur. To treat otitis, buy Otipax drops. But please note that these drugs, once opened, have a very short shelf life.
Albucid will save you from conjunctivitis, but again, if this light form, otherwise, be sure to consult a doctor.
Also in children various drugs allergies may occur. During hospital treatment, Fenistil drops are always prescribed. You can replace it with another drug, checking with your doctor which one is more suitable for your child.

When upset digestive system
The problem of indigestion in children is quite common. By disorders of the digestive system we mean: diarrhea (diarrhea), vomiting, bloating. To quickly resolve these disorders, it is necessary that the children's first aid kit contains safe absorbents. These include the well-known Smecta or Neosmectin, which can even be given to infants. Activated carbon is also suitable for older children, it’s just not very convenient to use.

In order to prevent dehydration of the child's body during diarrhea and vomiting, you can use Regidron. This drug will help restore the water-salt balance in the body. To do this, you will need to dilute it in water and give it to your child according to the instructions, especially since it is absolutely harmless and tastes a little salty. The drug Atoxil helps well with poisoning, although it can only be used from one year onwards.
A common problem is bloating and colic. Mostly children suffer from this disorder in the first months of life and for most parents this is the most difficult time. IN in this case There are many special medications that will make this period easier for both children and parents. Dill water or fennel can save you from such troubles; many drugs have been created on its basis, for example, Plantex (we were saved only by it). There are many special children's teas also based on fennel (Hipp, “Babushkino Lukoshko” and many others).
There are more strong drugs, but it is better to discuss their use with your pediatrician so as not to harm your baby’s health.

During teething
When a child is teething, they experience severe discomfort and become moody and restless. There are many medications that can help relieve your baby's suffering. They can be in the form of drops or gels that need to be applied to the baby's gums and they make them less sensitive. But, unfortunately, such drugs only act for 20-30 minutes. And for relief general condition child, buy Viburkol suppositories.

Of course, it’s impossible to stock up on medications for all occasions, and you won’t be able to provide for everything in life either, but if you have the medications we’ve listed in your first aid kit, then we can say that you’ll be ready for most emergency situations. But the most important thing is that before each use of the drug, check its expiration date and carefully read the instructions. And one more thing - only a doctor can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe suitable treatment! Don't self-medicate!