Hygiene oral cavity is the basis of health, because any infection that has found refuge in diseased teeth or their surroundings can cause diseases of the internal organs.
Bad breath creates discomfort and interferes with normal communication between people. Knowing this, our ancestors used special resins to clean teeth and eliminate bad smell from mouth.
Regular and thorough dental care is an important part of maintaining the health of the entire body. Teeth and gums certainly play one of the leading roles in shaping a person’s external image, so it is very important to instill in yourself the habit of caring for this part of the body. Proper care of gums and teeth is a sign of culture.
What is individual oral hygiene?
Individual oral hygiene is a set of measures to maintain the health of a person’s teeth and gums. Some of these activities you do on your own, and some in the dentist's office.
The main goal of hygiene is to remove soft and hard plaque from the surface of the teeth, gums, and tongue.
How does plaque form?
After eating food, its particles remain on the tongue, gums and teeth. Bacteria found in the oral cavity, which are also not averse to snacking. Accumulations of food, bacteria and their metabolic products are the soft plaque that appears on the teeth. The places where plaque forms are the interdental spaces and necks of the teeth. In the absence of proper hygiene, soft plaque turns into hard plaque - tartar. Further, tartar captures nearby areas - the gums, which in turn will lead to the formation of periodontal pockets. Over time, a person may develop gingivitis, periodontal disease and periodontitis, which can cause tooth loss.
It is known that on the back of our tongue there are taste receptors, which are papillae of the complex anatomical structure. It is also possible to localize bacteria that cause unpleasant odor.
How to brush your teeth correctly
From words to action, a few tips. Exist various techniques brushing teeth. They are similar in many ways; here are the main points.
The teeth of each jaw are divided into three groups (segments): small molars, molars and anterior teeth. Daily cleaning of the surface of the teeth should be carried out segment by segment. You need to start with upper jaw, then move to the bottom. The cleaning order is from the side segments to the central ones. 10 movements are performed on the area of each segment. IN total amount it is necessary to make 300-400 such movements. In total, the procedure lasts 3 minutes.
Cleaning should begin with outer surface, and then brush the inner surface and finish on the chewing surface.
Using a toothbrush inside and outside the teeth, it is necessary to make movements similar to the movement of a broom, as if sweeping away all the debris from the gums to the top of the tooth. Maximum force should be applied only in the tooth area.
When cleaning chewing surfaces, they perform reciprocating movements using transverse and longitudinal directions.
Cleaning the labial surfaces of the front teeth (incisors) lower jaw, and then the upper one is performed first with reciprocating movements, and then proceed in the same way as in the case of chewing surfaces for painters (sweeping movements).
With proper oral hygiene, the front teeth on the inner surfaces are cleaned in the same way. They use reciprocating and sweeping movements.
The surface of the tongue needs to be cleaned with a special scraper or a specially provided surface on a toothbrush, but you can also use a regular toothbrush.
A toothbrush is your main assistant in the prevention of oral diseases!
Basic rules of self-hygiene
- Rinse your teeth after every meal;
- If necessary, use floss - dental floss;
- Use dental brushes;
- Brush your teeth twice a day - morning and evening;
- Change toothbrush at least once every 3 months;
Don’t forget to come to the dentist for an examination - in many clinics the examination is free. In addition, the dentist will help you choose a toothbrush and toothpaste, which will have a positive effect on the condition of your mouth.
Educational elements
Purpose of the lesson: Study and master oral care techniques.
Key terms: oral hygiene, methods of brushing teeth, tongue, standard method of brushing teeth.
5) Control baseline knowledge
6) Interview on the topic
a) algorithm for oral hygiene.
b) methods of brushing teeth
c) use of floss, flossettes, flossstick, tape
d) using a toothpick
d) use of an irrigator
f) mistakes made when caring for the oral cavity
3) Control of knowledge acquisition
Presentation educational material
Oral hygiene is a set of measures, the most important component of which is brushing your teeth. According to WHO, 92% of the population does not know how to brush their teeth. Oral hygiene for most Russian children is limited to a set of empirical manipulations using a standard toothbrush and paste.
Teeth brushing algorithm
1) Wash your hands with soap.
2) Rinse your mouth with warm water.
3) Rinse your toothbrush thoroughly with water.
4) Brush your teeth with a toothbrush and toothpaste
5) Rinse your mouth.
6) Lather the working part of the toothbrush with soap or treat it with a special solution.
7) Place the toothbrush in the box with the head up
Options are possible depending on the age of the child, the type of toothpaste, the condition of the oral cavity, the preferences of the individual, etc.
Using a toothbrush
Toothbrush movements when brushing teeth:
· Vertical (sweeping) are performed along the axis of the tooth from the gums and are intended to remove plaque from the vestibular and lingual surfaces, partially the cervical area and interdental spaces, and gums.
· Horizontal (reciprocating) are designed to remove plaque from occlusal surfaces.
· Rotational (circular) are designed to remove plaque from fissures and pits, the cervical area and massage the gums.
When performing sequential steps of the standard method of brushing teeth, they are guided by correct location brushes in relation to various surfaces of the teeth, the right choice type of movements and carrying out the required number of movements on surfaces various groups teeth.
There are many known methods of brushing teeth (Leonard, Bass, Fones, Reite, Charter, Smith-Bell, Stillman, Pakhomov, Bokoy).
Standard method of brushing teeth (Pakhomov G.N.). The dentition is conventionally divided into 6 segments (molars, premolars, incisors with canines). Cleaning is carried out with open dentition. The brush is positioned at an angle of 45 degrees to the tooth axis and, using 10 vertical sweeping movements, plaque is removed from the vestibular surface of the upper left molars. All segments of the upper jaw are cleaned one by one. The palatal surface is cleaned in the same way. On the lower jaw the sequence and types of movements are repeated. The chewing surface of the teeth is cleaned using back-and-forth movements.
Leonard method provides two types of movements: vertical and horizontal. The head is installed perpendicular to the axis of the tooth, and plaque is removed from the vestibular and oral surfaces using vertical movements from the gums. The occlusal surface is cleaned with reciprocating horizontal movements.
Fones method carried out with closed dentition. The toothbrush is placed perpendicular to the axis of the tooth and performed in a circular motion, while simultaneously cleaning the vestibular surfaces of the teeth of the upper and lower jaw. Lingual and chewing surfaces are also cleaned in a circular motion.
Charter method Designed for both cleaning teeth and massaging gums. Is an additional therapeutic measure for inflammatory diseases periodontal The toothbrush is placed at an angle of 45° to the tooth axis with the bristles towards the cutting edge of the tooth. When performing light circular movements, the bristles penetrate into the interdental spaces. After three to four movements, the toothbrush is moved to new group teeth and repeat the whole process. This method is recommended for children school age with certain manual skills. Cleaning is carried out under the supervision of a dentist.
Self-controlled teeth brushing method (Bokaya V.G.). Before cleaning, the teeth are stained. Vestibular and oral surfaces are cleaned with vertical movements with maximum grip of the gums. The vestibular surfaces are cleaned with the jaws closed in direct bite with gripping gums up to transitional folds. The patient monitors the quality of cleaning by checking the presence of dye every five movements. Maximum grip of the gum ensures thorough removal of plaque and massage, and the mucous membrane acts as a dispenser for the force of cleaning movements.
A large number of methods for brushing teeth indicates the urgency of the problem. It is difficult to imagine the existence of a simple and effective method teeth cleaning, universal for everyone. It is impossible to use a single method for adults and children, with a healthy oral cavity and its pathology, in the absence or presence of “orthodontic” problems. At the same time, compliance with certain generally accepted basic principles will optimize the process of removing plaque.
It should be noted that the clinical effectiveness of toothbrushes is to a lesser extent determined by their design features. More important factors are thorough instruction in oral hygiene and correct technique brushing teeth.
To evaluate the effectiveness of individual oral hygiene and
To motivate the patient to improve the quality of teeth cleaning, controlled dental brushing (CDB) is carried out by the individual under the control of the hygiene index in the presence of a specialist.
Controlled tooth brushing is integral part a set of measures for hygienic training and education (GOiE) of a child. Dental hygienists are currently engaged in developing knowledge and skills in oral hygiene among the population. However, if necessary, a dentist can participate in the process. CCH is carried out in several visits.
KChZ methodology
On your first visit full dental examination patient, data is recorded in medical card. In the presence of an intraoral camera, the patient is shown the identified dental “problems”, including existing microbial plaque. To enhance the effect, you can stain the plaque. Video presentation is accompanied detailed explanations. The hygiene index is determined if no more than 5 hours have passed since brushing your teeth.
On the second visit the child brings used items and oral hygiene products. The specialist evaluates the condition of the toothbrush, floss, the characteristics of the toothpaste and their compliance with the condition of the patient’s oral cavity. The child, in the presence of his parents (if possible, without their participation in the conversation), talks about individual oral hygiene. After this, teeth are cleaned with the determination of GI before and after manipulation. The hygienist sits nearby as an observer and records all deficiencies, but does not interfere with the process. The effectiveness of brushing teeth is assessed by the difference in GI scores. When indicated, adequate items and means of oral hygiene are selected and training in the rules of oral care is carried out.
On the third visit the child comes with a new toothbrush (floss, flossstick, scraper) and toothpaste (rinse, spray). The CCR is being carried out and corrections are being made. In the future, the frequency of visits is determined by the hygienist individually.
Individual quality control of cleaning teeth is carried out by the patient or parents. For this purpose, special dyes are used: a solution of basic fuchsin, erythrosine, Schiller-Pisarev, Lugol, erythrosine containing tablets. Tablet preparations at home are preferable, as they are more hygienic and stain the entire plaque. It is better to conduct the KChZ in the evening if parents have free time.
Using floss
Flossing is a procedure for cleaning interdental spaces and contact surfaces of teeth using floss. The thread is used after each meal, usually 2-3 times a day.
Flossing technique:
Wash the hands;
Cut the floss 20–30 cm long;
Fix the ends of the floss on the middle fingers, winding it around one much larger fragment;
Using your index fingers and thumbs, the floss is carefully inserted into the interdental space;
Covering the neck of the tooth in the form of a half-loop, carefully move the thread away from the gums with sawing and vertical movements;
Renew the working part of the thread by moving the loops on your fingers;
At the end of the procedure, discard the floss;
Wash the hands.
Using a flosset or flossstick is much more convenient, easier, and helps develop the habit of flossing.
Using a toothpick
Toothpicks are used in the absence of other oral hygiene items. Method of application: place the toothpick at an angle of 45 degrees to the tooth, with the end located in the periodontal sulcus and the side pressed against the surface of the tooth. The tip of the toothpick is then moved along the tooth, following from the base of the groove to the contact point of the tooth.
Using an irrigator
Irrigators are used as an additional hygiene item to clean hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity and massage the gums. After traditional brushing of teeth with a brush and paste, a powerful stream of water is directed into the interdental spaces, under the fixed elements of orthodontic equipment. The sequence of segment cleansing is similar standard method. The use of IPR in children contributes to the development of oral care habits, as it is an element of the game for them.
Tongue cleaning
Tongue hygiene involves removing plaque, mucus, and food debris using a regular toothbrush, a special toothbrush, an electric toothbrush tongue cleaner, or a scraper. Special attention Tongue hygiene should be paid to in the presence of gastrointestinal diseases, folded or “geographical” tongue. In these cases, a large amount of mucus and plaque accumulates on the tongue, which creates favorable conditions for the reproduction and activity of pathogenic microorganisms.
Tongue hygiene is carried out after brushing your teeth. A medium-hard brush moves with sweeping movements from the root of the tongue to the tip. The number of movements is variable, on average 10–12. After several movements, the brush must be rinsed under running water to remove mucus. The brush is moistened with water or toothpaste. However, the use of a foaming paste is not advisable, since a gag reflex may occur.
Using a scraper is similar to the above method. The scraper must be used carefully to avoid injury to the tongue.
To cleanse your entire mouth, the Colgate 360° Tongue Cleaner is specially designed to remove up to 36% more bacteria that causes bad breath.
The health of our teeth and gums directly depends on proper hygiene oral cavity. Meaning of daily hygiene procedures difficult to overestimate, but it is often easy to underestimate and pay with the loss of teeth even in at a young age. So the statement of dentists that one of the most effective and at the same time simple ways to prevent dental diseases is proper and regular dental and oral hygiene in children and adults is more relevant than ever. We should not forget that hygiene procedures should not be limited to just brushing your teeth at home.
Preventive oral hygiene is a comprehensive measure that includes daily brushing of teeth and visiting a hygienist at least once a year. The fact is that in order to maintain teeth and gums in a healthy condition, it is necessary to promptly and efficiently remove dental plaque, as well as thick plaque on the tongue. Food debris and soft plaque can be removed with a toothbrush and toothpaste. But the removal of tartar (mineralized dental deposits) is carried out by a dentist using special means and instruments, for example, Air Flow. Due to this comprehensive care Oral hygiene includes personal and professional hygiene.
Individual oral hygiene
Individual oral hygiene is most effective if you follow certain rules on how to brush your teeth. As you know, there are many ways - each of them is correct and complete, it all depends only on our personal preferences. But it is still advisable to listen to the following recommendations from dentists:
- Always start brushing your teeth with the same row of teeth;
- adhere to a certain sequence of teeth cleaning so as not to miss any area;
- Carry out cleaning at the same pace in order to maintain the required duration of cleansing.
Of course, you need to pay attention to your teeth brushing technique. If, for example, you brush your teeth across the dentition, the enamel will wear off over time. Therefore, individual oral hygiene must be carried out in compliance with the technique of brushing teeth (you cannot even make circular movements - they must be perfectly round). But in our version they are more oval. Therefore, due to non-compliance with this important rule By the age of about 35, the enamel is severely damaged, if not completely erased. However, if you use an ultrasonic brush, everything said above is not relevant for you. In addition, do not forget that cleaning the tongue with special scrapers is a necessary component of oral hygiene.
Oral hygiene products
Oral hygiene products are a kind of multicomponent system, which includes a variety of natural and synthetic substances intended for both preventive and therapeutic effects on the oral cavity as a whole.
Basic personal oral hygiene products:
- toothpastes, gels, tooth powders;
- toothbrushes;
- chewing gum (therapeutic and prophylactic).
It is recommended to choose toothpastes depending on the presence of certain problems or specific tasks. If you have had dental implantation, then best choice There will be toothpaste for implants. To lighten the enamel surface, you should pay attention to whitening pastes. But to strengthen teeth, restorative products are suitable, for example, Theodent or Swiss Smile Crystal toothpaste with theobromine.
There are also additional oral hygiene products. These include:
- floss (dental floss), toothpicks;
- oral irrigators (before choosing the best irrigator, be sure to study the main characteristics of the models);
- means for cleaning the tongue: scrapers, scraper brushes;
- mouth rinses, oral deodorants, teeth whiteners;
- denture treatment powders/denture treatment tablets;
- foam for oral hygiene (foam dissolves plaque well and is indispensable where it is not possible to use standard oral hygiene products; just hold the foam in your mouth for 20–30 seconds and spit).
The unique, multifunctional device JETPIK JP200-Elite combines an electric sonic toothbrush, irrigator and dental floss. The components and the device itself are stored in a convenient plastic container, which is ideal for traveling or storing in a small bathroom.
Oral hygiene is important not only for the prevention of caries, but also for free, comfortable communication with others. Stained yellow teeth and bad breath will not make anyone attractive. Aesthetic dentistry procedures such as veneers and expensive laser teeth whitening will not make sense without basic hygiene procedures.
As numerous clinical and experimental studies by various authors have shown, the condition of the teeth and periodontium is directly dependent on the hygienic state of the oral cavity. Among the population, and a number of specialists, there is still an opinion that the issues of oral hygiene are known to everyone and do not need special explanations. However, observations show that it is important not only to explain, but also to instill hygiene skills in patients and monitor their progress. It is necessary to achieve daily absolute removal of all plaque from the teeth. All the doctor’s efforts will be unsuccessful if the patient undergoes regular treatment and does not follow the doctor’s advice on oral hygiene at home. The doctor must teach the patient to clean not only easily accessible places, but also all secluded corners, the treatment of which requires certain skills and training.
Maintaining a good hygienic condition ensures the basic physiological processes in the oral cavity: chewing, digestion, self-cleaning, mineralization. Therefore, teaching the population the rules and methods of oral care is important task all medical workers.
Individual oral hygiene
Toothbrushes. A toothbrush is the main tool for removing deposits from the surface of teeth and gums. There are many models of toothbrushes.
A toothbrush consists of a handle, a neck and a head (the working part), on which tufts of bristles are mounted in rows. Long years natural bristles were used for toothbrushes, but Lately prefer artificial bristles. Toothbrushes made of artificial fiber have a number of advantages: artificial bristles do not have channels filled with microorganisms; the surface of the bristles is smooth, nonporous; the end of the fiber is rounded; It is possible to adjust the hardness.
For effective cleaning teeth, the size of the working part (head) of the brush is important. For adults, the most suitable brush head is 22-28 mm long and 8-11 mm wide, for children 20 and 8 mm, respectively.
The brush head should provide optimal access to the molars and be compact, smooth, and with rounded corners. The neck should be thin, rounded and at a slight angle to the handle. The handle should be held well and not cause fatigue when moving.
The tips of the bristles should be rounded, otherwise their sharp, jagged edges can injure the gums. The organization of the bristles also plays a major role in the removal of plaque; the most suitable is a linear organization.
Importance The design of the brushes also includes the frequency and shape of the bush planting. The most convenient frequency for planting tufts is 2.0-2.5 mm from each other with parallel rows (no more than 4 rows) and a smooth surface of the bristles.
Brushes with complex contours of the brush field are available for sale (this is generated by the artistic intentions of the manufacturers). Special clinical observations have shown that such brushes can be traumatic, since during cleaning the entire load falls on a small number of bristles protruding from the tuft.
Brushes with soft and medium hardness are most effective. The bristles of these brushes are more flexible, clean the gingival sulcus and penetrate better into the interdental spaces, causing less trauma to the gums.
Loss of bristles and their deformation indicate the need to replace the toothbrush, usually after 3-4 months.
A toothbrush gets dirty easily, so it needs to be kept absolutely clean. After brushing your teeth, the brush should be rinsed under running water and thoroughly cleaned of food debris, toothpaste and plaque. You need to store it in a way that it can dry well, for example, in a glass with the head up. This significantly reduces the number of microorganisms in the brush, and the bristles retain their hardness and shape.
However, even careful adherence to the rules of oral hygiene using only a toothbrush does not allow for good cleaning of the lateral surfaces of teeth and interdental spaces from plaque. As a result, in addition to a toothbrush, it is necessary to use other means: dental floss, toothpicks, special toothbrushes (with one tuft), interdental stimulators, and oral irrigators.
Dental floss (floss). The purpose of using dental floss is to remove plaque from hard-to-reach proximal surfaces, as well as food debris stuck between the teeth. Waxed and unwaxed threads, round, flat, fluffy, are used. Regardless of the type of thread, when used correctly, the cleaning efficiency is the same. However, flat and waxed floss passes through contact points more easily, does not break, and covers a larger surface of the tooth. Flossing should be part of your daily oral care routine. This is convenient to do before brushing your teeth.
Method of using dental floss (Fig. 39):
Cleaning your teeth with floss should end with thoroughly rinsing your mouth with water. Never make sudden movements between the teeth, as
You can damage your gums. If the floss is difficult to pass between the teeth, use gentle sawing movements. If there is difficulty in moving the floss between the teeth, it is better to contact a dentist who will find out and eliminate the cause.
When using dental floss, slight soreness and bleeding of the gums may occur at first. But with regular use of the method, these phenomena disappear.
Toothpicks. Another additional and proven oral hygiene aid is a toothpick. Like dental floss, toothpicks remove food debris from between teeth and plaque from the sides of teeth. Using toothpicks is more effective if there are gaps between the teeth. If the teeth are tightly spaced and the interdental space is filled with the gingival papilla, then the possibilities of using toothpicks are limited by the gingival sulcus. In these cases, the toothpick is placed at approximately a 45° angle to the tooth, with its tip in the gingival groove and its side pressed against the tooth surface. Then the tip of the toothpick is moved along the tooth, following from the base of the groove to the contact point of the teeth, being careful not to injure the gingival papilla. This procedure is repeated on the lateral surface of the adjacent tooth.
Toothpicks are made of soft wood or plastic and can be triangular, flat or round in shape.
Special toothbrushes. Used in case of atypical structure of the dentition, the presence of fixed bridges, splints. The working part of such brushes consists of one bunch of bristles, usually trimmed in the shape of a cone. In addition, there are brushes that resemble dish brushes. These brushes are good for cleaning wide interdental spaces, as well as spaces under bridges.
Interdental stimulators and oral irrigators. Interdental stimulators are rubber or plastic cones found on the ends of some toothbrush handles. Preference should be given to rubber tips. Interdental stimulators serve primarily to massage the gums. With light pressure on the gingival papilla, make circular movements in the interdental space.
Irrigators are used after brushing your teeth. Pulsating or constant jet water has an additional cleansing and massaging effect.
Dental floss, toothpicks and other products do not replace a toothbrush; they can be used in addition to brushing your teeth.
Toothpastes. These are the most common hygiene products currently used. They must have good cleaning properties, be harmless to surrounding tissues, taste good, have low abrasiveness and improved deodorizing properties, and have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect.
Both domestic and foreign industry produces a wide range of toothpastes.
The main components of toothpaste are abrasive, gelling and foaming substances, as well as dyes, fragrances and substances that improve its taste. Abrasive substances provide the cleaning and polishing effect of pastes.
The consistency of pastes is determined by the presence of hydrocolloids, most often sodium salt alginic acid.
Polyhydric alcohols - glycerin, polyethylene glycol - are added to toothpastes to obtain a plastic mass that is easily squeezed out of the tube. These alcohols help retain moisture in the paste during storage, increase the freezing point, increase the stability of the foam formed during cleaning, and improve the taste of the paste.
Toothpastes also contain foaming agents, in particular surfactants. Depending on their type and quantity, toothpastes can be foaming or non-foaming. Foaming pastes are more effective, as they have increased cleaning ability, easily wash away food debris, and remove plaque well.
Toothpastes, depending on their composition, can be divided into hygienic and therapeutic and prophylactic. Hygienic pastes have only a cleansing and refreshing effect. Representatives of therapeutic and prophylactic pastes are fluoride-containing toothpastes.
Fluoride toothpastes became widely used in the late 60s, and in many countries they are recognized as the most important means to maintain dental health. Currently, 95% of toothpastes produced abroad are fluoride-containing. Many scientists consider them the most cost-effective and effective fluoride drugs individual use, which mainly contribute to reducing the prevalence of dental caries in the world. The fluorine concentration in them is 0.1-0.15%. An indispensable requirement for fluoride-containing toothpastes is a certain content of active fluoride ion in them. Fluoride, present in the oral cavity, inhibits the metabolism of sugars by bacteria, which leads to a decrease in the formation of acids and the growth of plaque. It has a bactericidal effect on cariogenic bacteria. Present in enamel, saliva and dental plaque, fluoride promotes the “restoration” of early carious lesions, accelerating remineralization.
Fluoride-containing toothpastes are recommended for adults and children of any age. But you shouldn’t expect immediate relief from caries with fluoride-containing toothpastes; you need to use them throughout your life.
These pastes do not have any side effects on the human body, and there are no contraindications to their use. Pastes can be used in parallel with the use of fluoridated water or fluoride tablets, and can also be combined with local use fluorine compounds. In this case, a total anti-caries effect is achieved.
Toothpaste has a certain shelf life - about a year. Then it becomes dangerous in chemicals? com and bacteriologically.
Before you buy a paste, you should make sure that it contains fluoride, is hermetically sealed and has not expired. Almost all imported toothpastes contain fluoride.
Teeth brushing technique. Oral hygiene using a toothbrush and toothpaste is part of general human hygiene. Good hygiene oral health can only be maintained with careful adherence to the rules of brushing teeth. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by three main provisions:
- hygienic oral care should be carried out regularly, with the necessary number of brush movements and spending a certain amount of time to clean all surfaces;
- Without proper patient education, tooth brushing cannot be achieved required level oral hygiene;
- the state of oral hygiene and compliance with the rules of brushing teeth should be monitored medical personnel, which allows you to consolidate hygiene skills and ensure its high level.
The second question is how long should you brush your teeth? It has been established that a good mechanical cleaning of all sides of each tooth takes about 3 minutes (this is just for working with a toothbrush). Cleaning the interdental spaces and rinsing takes about another 5-7 minutes.
You need to brush your teeth in front of a mirror, checking and monitoring the degree of cleaning. At first, it is recommended to brush your teeth under supervision. hourglass(in the first days, 3 minutes of brushing with a toothbrush will seem very long).
The most important step in brushing teeth is teaching patients how to use a toothbrush correctly. Many are convinced that circular or horizontal brush movements are most effective. It has now been proven that the “scraping” method is more effective for most people. It is easily digestible and more
acceptable than other methods. Using this method along with the right choice of toothbrushes allows you to remove plaque most completely.
Cleaning method. Squeeze 0.5 cm of toothpaste onto a damp toothbrush. Place the bristles of the brush at an angle of 45° to the gum (they seem to fit into the gingival groove, Fig. 40). 
Using light scraping movements, move the brush horizontally (back and forth) half the width of the tooth (short movements). As a result, plaque moves from the area of accumulation at the edge of the gum to the neck of the tooth and into the interdental spaces (buccal and lingual embrasures). Several longer sweeping strokes are then used to remove plaque from the gum line and between the teeth towards the incisal edge and chewing surface. Finally, the chewing surfaces are thoroughly cleaned in the longitudinal and transverse directions with short scraping movements, allowing the bristles to enter the recesses of the chewing surface (Fig. 41).
You need to carefully, without pressing too hard, brush the outer, inner and chewing surfaces of each tooth, concentrating on 1 or 2 teeth at a time.
Rice. 42. Sequence of cleaning surfaces, aubav on the upper (a) and lower (b) jaws.
Procedure for cleaning surfaces. Brushing your teeth should begin with the inner surface of the molars on one side of the upper jaw and, gradually moving forward, treat the inner surface of all teeth. Then they move to the outside (with the teeth closed) and brush again to the * areas where they started processing; they finish the process by treating the chewing surfaces. The same sequence is used to process the teeth of the jaw (Fig. 42).
Lives in the human oral cavity great amount various microorganisms. They settle on the teeth, gums, tongue and buccal mucosa. Colonies of microbes and their metabolic products lead to a number of dental problems. In addition, when bacteria enter the body, they provoke the development of gastrointestinal pathology.
To balance the ecosystem and improve overall health, regular and high-quality oral hygiene is necessary. The high effectiveness of such a procedure depends on the correctness of its implementation and some other nuances.
The importance of oral hygiene lies in the prevention of major dental diseases, as well as maintaining an attractive appearance of a person. By following the rules for conducting events, you can achieve significant results, including:
- formation of strong teeth;
- destruction of pathogenic microflora;
- prevention of the development of caries and periodontal disease;
- prevention infectious diseases oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract;
- snow-white smile;
- fresh breath;
- savings on dental services.
As shown medical practice, especially urgently need hygiene care people with weakened immune system and smokers.
Types of oral hygiene
To maintain the microflora of the oral cavity, in which the teeth and oral mucosa will always be healthy and aesthetically pleasing, there are a number of hygiene measures. They are divided into two main types: personal hygiene and professional procedures.
In the first case, oral care is carried out independently at home. According to the recommendations of dentists, the procedure must begin with early age when children have their first teeth.
If cleaning the mouth at home does not bring the desired result, the second method is used. Professional cleaning held in medical institution dentist.
Each method requires compliance with a number of rules. Therefore, in order for the procedures to be highly effective, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with them in more detail.
Rules for carrying out hygiene procedures
In order for your personal oral hygiene to ensure thorough cleaning and create an attractive smile, you must purchase special cleaning products in advance and then follow the rules of the event.
Oral care is usually carried out using special cleaning products, including:
- Toothbrush for cleaning teeth, cheeks, tongue.
- Toothpaste for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
- Brushes for removing food residues in interdental crevices.
- Rinse to complete the procedure.
When it is not possible to brush your teeth, dental floss is used. To eliminate bad breath and small food particles after eating, it is recommended to use chewing gum sugarless.
Rules for cleaning teeth
Oral hygiene rules depend on the choice of cleaning product. Using a toothbrush, the procedure is carried out as follows:
- The cleaning attribute is rinsed with running water.
- Apply a small amount of toothpaste to the bristly surface of the brush.
- At an angle of 45 degrees relative to the gum, the attribute is located in the open mouth.
- The upper teeth are cleaned from top to bottom using smooth, circular movements.
- The lower jaw is cleaned from bottom to top.
The above manipulations are carried out within 3 minutes. After this time, the toothbrush is turned over and the tongue is cleaned with a rubber nozzle. At the end of the procedure, the oral cavity is rinsed with warm water or a special rinsing solution.
When using dental floss, proper oral hygiene is carried out in the following order:
- For a one-time procedure, dental floss 40-50 cm long is cut.
- The thread seeps into the interdental crevices with smooth movements.
- Having reached the surface of the gum, the thread is directed in the opposite direction in a similar way without sudden movements.
Having cleaned one interdental gap in this way, move on to another. In this case, the thread must be clean for each section.
If the above hygiene measures do not get rid of plaque deposits on the teeth, dentists recommend professional cleaning.
Carrying out professional cleaning
Oral hygiene with professional help is carried out to eliminate accumulations of soft plaque, which over time develops into tartar. When a hard stone forms, a person loses his attractive appearance. In addition, against the background of this pathology, accompanying illnesses teeth.
To prevent these negative phenomena, the dental hygienist prescribes measures using medical instruments and special equipment.
Before proceeding with professional intervention, the dentist must first carefully examine the patient. Medical Oral hygiene methods depend on the following diagnostic indicators: caries intensity index, hygiene index, assessment of the condition of the mucous membrane, type of bite, presence of dental pathologies.
After assessing the condition of the oral cavity, the specialist must form a responsible attitude towards the prescribed procedure in the patient. It is important that a person understands that medical hygiene oral cavity treatment can completely eliminate periodontal disease and improve the external condition of teeth.
Carrying out procedures
A medical complex of measures to remove persistent dental tumors can be carried out therapeutically, orthodontically or surgical method. Each event is conducted by a dentist in a medical office.
In order to professional hygiene mouth, passed safely, before it begins, the patient is prescribed rinsing the nasopharynx with an antiseptic solution.
At heavy operations Anesthetic medications may be used, in the form of sprays or injections. The professional cleaning complex includes several stages.
Removing plaque and tartar. An ultrasonic device is used for this. In some cases, manual mechanical cleaning with dental instruments is used.
Removing pigmented plaque. A popular device for cleaning teeth from soft plaque is the AirFlow device. As a result of the pressure of the emitted water, air and soda, the enamel becomes lighter by 2 shades.
Teeth polishing. This method uses professional products, which contain zirconium microparticles.
Fluoridation. This method involves strengthening the enamel with fluoride-containing gel trays. The procedure lasts only a minute, but during this time the enamel has time to become saturated with fluoride ions, due to which it becomes stronger.
Fissure sealing. This method involves using composite resins to fill the grooves of the teeth on the chewing side using a special tool.
Many patients neglect professional procedures, as well as the visit to the dentist itself. However, this position is fundamentally wrong.
By contacting a specialist in a timely manner, you can avoid dangerous pathologies oral cavity, as well as receive recommendations for daily care so that individual oral hygiene brings significant benefits.
In medical practice, there are certain rules for the technique of cleaning the mouth. Compliance with them does not require much effort or difficulty.
- To maintain the microflora in the mouth and the strength of the teeth, it is necessary to follow a balanced diet of dairy and legumes.
- To brush your teeth, it is better to choose a brush with synthetic bristles.
- The cleaning attribute should be replaced every 3-4 months.
- Clean your mouth with a toothbrush and toothpaste 2 times a day. The first procedure is carried out in the morning, the second before bedtime.
- Various oral hygiene practices should include cleaning the tongue and gums. This will be a good means of preventing periodontal disease.
- After each procedure, the toothbrush must be thoroughly rinsed with running water.
- It is recommended to clean the spaces between teeth after every meal. To do this, you can use dental floss or special wooden sticks.
- It is better to entrust the monitoring of the condition of the oral cavity to the dentist.
- Professional hygiene should be carried out 1-2 times a year by a qualified specialist.
- For hard-to-reach areas of the mouth, it is advisable to purchase specialized tools, such as a brush and floss.
- Don't neglect mouthwashes either. Their regular use contributes not only to fresh breath, but also to the strength of the enamel structure.
Failure to comply with the rules of oral hygiene, at best, will lead to bad breath and the development of caries. But, as medical practice has shown, such neglect will have more serious consequences.
A large accumulation of harmful bacteria in the absence of hygiene procedures or their improper implementation contributes to the development of the following pathologies:
- . This inflammatory process gums affecting the alveolar process of the jaw. The pathology is accompanied putrid smell from the mouth, bleeding gums when brushing teeth individually, itching and a negative perception of the taste of food.
- Candidiasis. This inflammatory process develops when Candida bacteria enter the mouth. In pathology, swelling of the oropharynx and white coating on the tongue. In an advanced form of the disease, erosions may appear on the surface of the oral mucosa.
- . This pathology affects periodontal tissue. Symptoms of periodontitis include the formation of hard stone, tooth mobility, and the presence of purulent or serous discharge.
- . Such damage to the lining of the mouth occurs due to the proliferation of infectious microorganisms. When bacteria enter the human body, they destroy the surface structure of the gums, tongue and cheeks. Subsequently, ulcers appear on the affected areas.
As you can see, each pathology develops due to the entry of harmful bacteria into the oral cavity, where there is optimal environment habitat for their growth and reproduction. Only careful daily care behind the oral cavity.
Compliance with the recommendations of specialists in conducting individual procedures, and regular visit A dentist will help keep your mouth clean and healthy, as well as provide fresh breath and a snow-white smile.
