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Acyclovir instructions for use side effects. Acyclovir tablets: instructions for use

“Acyclovir” and alcohol, the compatibility of which we will discuss today, when used together, do not contribute to the treatment of diseases. For example, this medicinal product belongs to antiviral drugs, which are prescribed when herpes occurs. Alcohol, on the contrary, provokes the disease and its exacerbations, weakening the immune system.

"Acyclovir"

In order to understand whether it is possible to combine medications and alcohol, you need to know their effect on the body. In most cases, Acyclovir is prescribed for herpes. Both simple and encircling. In cases of taking this drug, rapid healing of the affected surface occurs. And thanks to Acyclovir, new rashes are prevented.

The effect of alcohol on the body

Can Acyclovir be mixed with alcohol? To answer the question, you will need to consider how alcoholic drinks act on the body. If Acyclovir helps to cope with diseases, then, on the contrary, alcohol aggravates them. It kills pathogenic bacteria. But at the same time it also affects positive microorganisms.

As a result, alcohol greatly weakens the effect of many medications. Alcohol often causes overstrain of the nervous system. And this is fraught with aggravation of the disease. In particular, with herpes, rashes may intensify or more negative manifestations may begin. Therefore, alcohol when taking Acyclovir not only blocks the effect of the drug, but also further aggravates the disease.

Clinical trial results

Each organism is purely individual. Therefore, the influence of alcoholic beverages on it can cause various consequences. According to the data clinical trials, if Acyclovir and alcohol are used at the same time, then nothing bad happens, and therefore there are no contraindications. But nevertheless, doctors and pharmacists advise abstaining from alcohol during treatment.

Compatibility of alcohol and Acyclovir

The instructions for Acyclovir do not state that the drug cannot be combined with alcohol. But we must remember that the medicine is an antiviral agent and has an immunostimulating effect. Therefore, it is still not recommended to combine Acyclovir and alcohol.

Reasons why you should refrain from mixing alcohol and Acyclovir

There are several reasons why they are incompatible. Any alcohol has a very strong effect on the liver. Its function is to rid the body of toxins. And any medications create additional stress on the liver. Even if they have no side effects. But they can provoke various negative reactions. And as a result, shortness of breath, asthmatic attack, nausea, etc. often appear.

Therefore, to the question: “Can Acyclovir be taken with alcohol?” - the answer will follow: “No.” Since if alcohol is added to the effect of the drug, this can lead not only to unpleasant sensations (nausea, headache etc.), but also to irreparable consequences for the liver.

What could be the consequences?

According to many pharmacists, there is no categorical prohibition when combining alcohol and Acyclovir. But still, it is better to refrain from such a combination. Otherwise, quite unpleasant consequences may arise:

To the above we can add that alcohol can cause viral activity. And since in a sick state the body’s immune system is already greatly weakened, it becomes much more difficult for the liver to fight toxins. And this is fraught with high intoxication. Moreover, with constant consumption of alcohol, the pancreas and gastric mucous membranes are in an inflamed state. And this makes the absorption of Acyclovir much slower. Accordingly, the effectiveness of treatment is lost.

Of course, if during therapy the patient drank a glass of beer or a little wine, then such an amount of alcohol is unlikely to cause any complications. But even if after a small dose of alcohol you feel unwell, it is better not to delay and consult a doctor. At the same time, you should not hide from him the intake and amount of alcohol consumed.

Admission rules

According to doctors, taking Acyclovir (tablets) and alcohol at the same time is not recommended. But if such a need arises, then you can give injections. Acyclovir is sold in ampoules for intravenous injection. They must be administered as soon as the solution is ready (or the capsule is opened). Otherwise, the drug may partially lose its medicinal properties.

It happens, it happens that a viral infection has already begun active activity in the body. And the patient, without knowing it, drank alcohol. Over time, the symptoms of the disease will appear fully. Moreover, in an enhanced version due to the alcoholic beverages taken. In this case, it is advisable not to take Acyclovir until the metabolites and ethanol are completely eliminated from the body.

To speed up this process, you can do a gastric lavage or an enema. Or take adsorbents or medications. After completely cleansing the body, the patient should drink hot tea. Ideally green. After half an hour, drink chicken broth. And only 60 minutes after this you can take Acyclovir.

Is it possible to drink Acyclovir while already intoxicated?

For herpes, chickenpox and some other diseases, Acyclovir is prescribed. Can I drink alcohol at this time? If the patient is already intoxicated, then taking the drug is strictly prohibited. Just as it is better not to drink Acyclovir if you have a hangover. This combination often leads to even greater intoxication of the body. Alcohol will be allowed to drink only after completing the course of therapy. But not earlier, otherwise the medicine may not work, and alcohol may aggravate the disease or cause complications.

Side effects

If you take Acyclovir and alcohol at the same time, side effects may occur in the form of:

nausea;
vomiting;
headache;
allergies.

If the drug was administered intravenously, the level of creatinine or urea sometimes increases. The activity of liver enzymes often increases. If Acyclovir gets from the ampoule onto the skin, it may cause slight itching or redness of the epidermis. Sometimes there are allergic reactions.

conclusions

And yet, is it possible to drink alcohol and Acyclovir at the same time or not? Despite the fact that there are no obvious contraindications in the instructions for the drug, it is still better not to drink alcohol during therapy. Almost all doctors share this opinion. In other words, you should not drink alcohol either before or while taking the drug. According to reviews from those who have already taken the medicine while drinking alcohol, such experiments can end very badly.

Doctors' opinion: Acyclovir is a serious medication. Therefore, during therapy, patients must observe drinking regime. And this is another contraindication to drinking alcohol during treatment. The fact is that ethanol greatly retains fluid in the body. Therefore, you cannot use Acyclovir and alcohol at the same time.

After taking the drug in tablets, the medicine is absorbed by approximately 20 percent. Passing through the kidneys, Acyclovir hardly changes. And the medicine is removed from the body in approximately 3 hours. If it was done intravenous injection, then about a third of the drug will come out.

If the patient has renal failure, the time may increase to eighteen hours. Against this background, if alcohol is still present in the body, the withdrawal period may increase significantly. This means that the residual drug will be in the body at this time, but in a processed form, like waste.

Of course, if the patient did drink alcohol during treatment, then there is no need to panic about this. Especially if a little alcohol was drunk. With small doses of alcohol, the risks of complications are also minimal. According to reviews, if patients drank a little wine, then nothing bad happened. But again, this largely depends on the human body, since it is individual for everyone.

It happens that there is a slight intolerance to alcohol. But if even the most harmless drugs are taken daily, then together the consequences are quite serious. Therefore, for the duration of treatment, to protect yourself, it is better to give up alcohol altogether.

Data Oct 01 ● Comments 0 ● Views

Doctor Maria Nikolaeva

Acyclovir for herpes is a reliable and inexpensive help for those who have been exposed to herpes infection. Effective for all types of herpes - skin, mucous, genital, shingles. May be prescribed in complex therapy infections caused by the herpes virus in patients with HIV-positive status. Requires careful use and mandatory consultation with a specialist.

Patients with a weak immune system, after hypothermia, with regular stress, as well as with severe third-party diseases are mainly affected by the virus.

It is advisable to prescribe acyclovir against herpes:

in case of infection of the skin and/or mucous membranes (both primary and recurrent forms, during the period of exacerbation);
with primary and recurrent genital forms of infection;
with herpes zoster;
for chickenpox (therapy is effective in the first day after the appearance of the rash).

Treatment with Acyclovir is permitted for infections caused by the herpes virus, in HIV-infected patients, as well as in patients after organ transplantation. At the discretion of the physician, it is permissible to prescribe the drug to patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and undergoing chemotherapy.

How does Acyclovir work on herpes?

The active substance acyclovir has antiviral and antiherpetic effects. Its structure is a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside, which is classified as a natural component of DNA.

Viral DNA replication occurs in several ways:

After the tablet enters the patient’s body, a competitive substitution of triphosphate for acyclovir occurs in DNA synthesis.
The active substance of the drug is integrated into the synthesized viral DNA chain, thereby stopping its elongation.
The substance acyclovir introduced into the DNA chain inhibits viral enzymes.

As a result, the reproduction of the virus in the human body stops, and existing viral cells are destroyed.

It is important to note that the high selectivity of the action of acyclovir is due to the ability of the substance to accumulate in cells affected by the virus.

Acyclovir against herpes

The advantage of the drug over similar drugs is its following action:

helps prevent the formation of new viral cells;
significantly reduces the likelihood of developing skin dissemination;
prevents visceral complications;
accelerates the processes of crust formation and healing;
reduces the manifestation of painful sensations.

In addition, the components of the drug can have an immunostimulating effect.

How to take Acyclovir for herpes

Acyclovir for herpes is used in a dosage determined depending on the form of the disease and the degree of its neglect.

The drug is available in tablet form. Below are the recommended treatment regimens using the drug Acyclovir 200 mg:

In case of damage to the skin and mucous membranes. The dosage of Acyclovir is determined to be 1000 mg, divided into 5 doses per day. The optimal duration of treatment is 5 days. For more severe forms of the disease, a gradual increase in dose is permissible.
For herpes in HIV-infected people and for patients after organ transplantation. The recommended dose for adults is 400 mg, the number of daily doses is 5. The dosage for pediatric patients is halved.
For herpes zoster. Acyclovir for herpes in adults is prescribed in a dose of up to 800 mg every 6 hours. A similar dose is for children over six years of age, the frequency of administration is 4 times a day. For children under 6 years of age, a lower dose is prescribed, 400 mg no more than 4 times a day. On average, the therapeutic course is prescribed for 5 days.
For any form of illness in patients belonging to a special category(pregnant, lactating women, with liver and kidney problems, elderly patients). The minimum dose should be prescribed, no more than 200 mg every 12 hours.

Tablets are taken during a meal or immediately after it. The medicine must be taken with plenty of water.

It is also worth noting that during therapy the patient should drink plenty of fluids. According to clinical data, large doses of the active substance can cause dehydration.

Treatment of herpes with Acyclovir lasts on average 5-7 days. If necessary, the duration of treatment can be extended by the doctor.

It is important to note that the information in the article is intended for general information and does not constitute direct instructions for carrying out therapy. How to take Acyclovir for herpes is determined by the attending physician individually for each patient.

Contraindications of the drug

Use with caution and only at the discretion of the doctor in therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is important to consider that the active ingredient of the drug is capable of penetrating into the breast milk and accumulate in it. In case if alternative therapy does not have the desired effect; when taking pills during the period of treatment, breastfeeding should be abstained.

The drug should be used under constant medical supervision in patients:

with dehydration;
with renal failure;
with severe liver pathologies.

In a special group are elderly patients. It is recommended to prescribe the minimum dosage of the drug in treatment.

Side effects

Taking Acyclovir may be accompanied by adverse reactions:

abdominal pain;
nausea;
vomiting;
bowel dysfunction (in most patients - in the form of diarrhea);
a sharp increase in liver enzymes;
hyperbilirubinemia;
leukopenia;
erythropenia;
headache;
dizziness;
general malaise, weakness;
rapid fatigue;
drowsiness during the day;
tremor;
hallucinations.

Rarely active substance the drug causes allergic reactions.

Cost of the drug

Acyclovir is relatively inexpensive, especially compared to imported analogues. A package of tablets (20 pieces, 200 mg each) can be purchased for about 30 rubles.

Analogs

Acyclovir for herpes is considered very effective, but among the wide pharmacy range you can find several other high-quality medicines. TO the best analogues Acyclovir includes Zovirax and Valacyclovir.

Zovirax

Zovirax no less effective method treatment of herpes - taking Zovirax tablets. The composition is based on a similar substance, acyclovir. A powerful antiviral drug, the action of the main component is highly selective. It is able to integrate into the viral DNA chain, preventing further spread of the virus and the death of existing cells.

In patients with positive HIV status, long-term use of the medication is not recommended. According to clinical data, long-term therapy may result from the development of resistant strains. IN in this case the therapeutic course will be ineffective.

It is used in the treatment of diseases caused by herpes viruses of various forms:

infectious lesions of the skin and mucous membranes;
genital;
girdling;
chickenpox.

It can be used not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of diseases caused by the herpes virus.

The treatment regimen is identical to Acyclovir. Can be prescribed for the treatment of children from one year of age.

Compared to the original, the analogue differs significantly in cost. 25 Zovirax tablets can be purchased for approximately 560 rubles

Valaciclovir

You can get rid of the disease caused by the herpes virus faster with the help of Valacyclovir tablets. They are based on the substance of the same name, valacyclovir. After taking the tablet orally, the active component of the drug helps block the synthesis of viral DNA, and viral replication also occurs.

Effective in the treatment of the following forms of herpetic disease:

herpes zoster;
damage to the skin and mucous membranes;
genital

Can be used as a preventive measure against relapses of diseases caused by the herpes virus.

Unlike the original, for Valaciclovir therapy the patient must be at least 12 years old.

The treatment regimen is identical to taking Acyclovir. The dose may be adjusted at the discretion of the attending physician.

Valaciclovir is considered one of the most expensive drugs aimed at combating diseases caused by the herpes virus. Depending on the number of tablets in the package (from 10 to 50 pieces), the cost ranges from 490 to 1980 rubles.

Acyclovir: choice of form and drug tolerability, consequences

The treatment course of Acyclovir for herpes is recognized as one of the most effective (compared to similar medications). However, the medication requires careful administration and is not suitable for self-medication. It is necessary to consult a specialist who, depending on the form of the patient’s disease, selects the optimal course of treatment.

Experts note that positive results Treatment can only be achieved if a treatment regimen is correctly drawn up. Therefore, it is strongly not recommended to use a heavy antiviral drug in self-medication.

Features of the drug

The herpes virus lives in the body of 90% of all inhabitants of the planet. But it manifests itself only in 5%. The reason for this is a sharp decline immunity, hypothermia, prolonged stay in stressful situation or availability serious illnesses. Taking antiviral drugs helps to cope with the problem.

The most effective remedy is Acyclovir. It belongs to the group of synthetic ones and is an analogue of a purified nucleoside. Does not have a toxic effect on mammalian cells.

Acyclovir prevents the appearance of rashes, reduces the likelihood of complications, relieves pain during the period of exacerbation of the disease. The active substance promotes the rapid formation of crusts at the site of rashes.

The bioavailability of the drug varies from 15 to 30%. It spreads quickly throughout the tissues of the body. Metabolized in liver cells. Three hours later it is excreted from the body in the urine.

The dosage and treatment regimen are selected by a specialist based on the patient’s health condition. The location of the virus and the age of the patient are taken into account. For primary infection dosage active substance should be high, since the body does not have enough antibodies that fight the disease. It is also allowed to take acyclovir for the prevention of herpes.

The drug is available in two forms:

Ointment. Packaged in tubes of 2, 5, 10 and 20 grams. Contains a 5% concentration of the active substance. Additional components: chicken fat, polyethylene oxide, water and emulsifiers. Thanks to them, the drug is better absorbed by the skin.
Pills. The dosage of the active substance in them is 200, 400 or 800 mg. The following auxiliary components are used: lactose, starch, calcium stearate.

The choice of a specific type of drug is made taking into account the nature of the disease and the localization of the virus. On average, ointment costs from 14 to 50 rubles, and tablets from 170 to 190 rubles. There are many positive reviews on the Internet about this drug from people who drank it or used the ointment. This once again emphasizes its effectiveness.

The drug is in tablet form

Acyclovir tablets appear to be an effective treatment for simple and genital herpes. Shingles can also be treated with it. It is often recommended to take it for moderate severity of the disease. It copes poorly with severe forms due to low bioavailability. Only 30% total number the active substance attacks the virus. The rest of it doesn't reach him.

The components of the product enter the bloodstream, where infected cells circulate. Viruses produce enzymes that help them maintain their vital functions. Acyclovir reacts with these enzymes and transforms them. The substance loses its ability to integrate into the DNA of the virus, which leads to its death.

The virus settles in nerve ganglia. This area is not accessible to immune system and for the drug. Therefore, Acyclovir effectively fights only viruses located on the surface. After completing the course of therapy, part of the infection continues to live in the human body, passing into a latent form.

A course of treatment with the drug allows you to achieve the following results:

Rapid healing of herpetic wounds.
No new foci of infection appear.
Eliminated unpleasant symptoms: redness, itching, soreness.

After treatment, the disease goes into a latent form for a long time. A sharp decrease in immunity can provoke an exacerbation. That's why Special attention during and after treatment, increase protective functions body.

For people with immunodeficiency, the use of the drug is not effective, since their body does not produce enough enzymes that support the functioning of the virus. Therefore, treatment with Acyclovir in patients with HIV or who have undergone chemotherapy is not advisable.

The sooner the use of the drug is started, the higher its effectiveness will be. You only need to take the pills clean water. Drink as much fluid as possible throughout the course of therapy. This helps eliminate toxic substances from the body. The dosage of the medication is selected individually for each patient by the attending physician. Instructions for use suggest following diagrams therapy:

Adults drink 200 mg of the drug 5 times a day to treat primary infections. The course of treatment is five days. It can be extended as prescribed by the doctor. For immunodeficiency, the dosage is increased to 400 mg at a time. To treat the Varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox, you should drink 800 mg of the drug every four hours a day. At night they take an eight-hour break.
If acyclovir is used to prevent herpes, then it is taken 200 mg four times a day. If necessary, the regimen is changed and 400 mg is taken twice a day.
For children, the scheme for taking acyclovir is slightly different. Four doses of 200 mg at a time are enough per day. The duration of therapy is five days. For children under six years of age, the dosage is halved and half a tablet is taken four times a day. For children under three years of age, treatment with acyclovir is contraindicated. Taking a tablet of this medication provokes the development of complications.

It is better to take tablets after meals. This will reduce their negative impact on the stomach. If you miss a dose of acyclovir, do not take two tablets at the same time. First use one, and after a while the other.

Contraindications

Your doctor will tell you how to take acyclovir for the herpes virus in a particular case. Before starting therapy, carefully read the contraindications. This drug should not be taken by patients suffering from the following problems:

Adrenal dysfunction.
Disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system.
The period of feeding the baby with breast milk.
Pregnancy.
Senile age.

If there are such contraindications, taking herpes pills is prohibited. The doctor selects another treatment method that will be safe for the patient.

Possible side effects

During treatment with acyclovir tablets, side effects may occur. Among them are:

Nausea and bouts of vomiting.
Pain in the lumbar region.
Malfunctions of the digestive system.
The person becomes lethargic and constantly wants to sleep.
Pain occurs during urination.
The limbs swell.
Signs of jaundice.
Anemia.
Migraine attacks.
Cramps.
Allergic reactions.
Hair loss.

In rare cases long-term treatment acyclovir causes coma. If after therapy you begin to feel unwell or other unpleasant symptoms, consult a doctor.

Application of ointment

Modern pharmacies offer not only ointments and tablets, but also Acyclovir cream. Many people believe that cream and ointment are the same thing. Actually the difference is in the composition. The ointment is based on fatty substances: lanolin, petroleum jelly or others. The cream is less greasy, due to which the active substance is absorbed faster and begins to act.

The choice of product is determined by the location of its application. If you buy acyclovir for herpes on the lips, it is better to give preference to ointment. It will fight viruses and have a moisturizing effect. This prevents the formation non-healing wounds and will allow you to quickly cope with the manifestations of the disease. It is better to use cream against genital herpes. It is quickly absorbed into the skin and does not stain underwear.

The methods for using ointment and cream are the same. In such forms, acyclovir is effectively used to prevent herpes. Periodically, problem areas of the body are lubricated with it.

Application rules and dosage

Acyclovir for genital herpes, as well as for other types of this disease, is applied directly to the affected areas. It is allowed to be used not only by adults, but also by children. When applying the product, follow the following rules:

Before the beginning medical procedure Wipe the area where the drug is applied with a cotton pad soaked in warm water. This will cleanse and prepare the skin.
The ointment is applied in a thin layer to all affected areas. Do this every four hours. Avoid contact with sores located in oral cavity. Relief will come on the second day.
Since the drug is applied pointwise, it is better to use a cotton swab for this. This way, herperviruses will not spread to healthy tissue. For the same purpose, it is recommended to wear gloves during the procedure.
Treatment for herpes takes seven days. If the wounds do not heal, the course is extended to 10 days.
Be careful not to get the product into your eyes. It is prohibited to mix it with any cosmetic products.

If herpes appears near the eyes, do not try to treat it yourself; consult a doctor immediately. Otherwise, the virus will spread to the mucous surface of the eye. This provokes partial or complete loss of vision.

Side effects

It is believed that acyclovir ointment does not cause side effects. In rare cases, an allergic reaction to the components of the product is possible. It is manifested by itching, flaking of the skin and redness.

For genital herpes, trying to quickly cope with the problem, some combine all available types of the drug. This leads to a negative reaction from the body. Consequence improper treatment genitalia becomes the development of vulvitis.

Analogs

Acyclovir is not the only drug that successfully treats herpes. Among its closest analogues are:

Zovirax. In addition to the active substance, it contains propylene glycol. It prevents skin from drying out and relieves puffiness. The cost of this drug is significantly higher compared to Acyclovir.
Vivorax. The attending physician prescribes this drug if the patient has an allergic reaction to Acyclovir. Despite the fact that the active substance of both drugs is the same, Vivorax does not cause side effects. This is due to the supply of the component in bound form. This product should not be used during pregnancy as it may cause harm to the fetus.
Gervirax. Contains not only acyclovir, but also propylene glycol, cetyl alcohol, petroleum jelly, nipazole and cremophor. If the permissible dosage is exceeded, peeling of the skin, itching and redness occurs.
Virolex. The use of this product is not recommended during pregnancy. In rare cases, it provokes headaches, neuralgic disorders, and allergies.

Acyclovir is an effective drug to combat herpes. It can be used only after consultation with a specialist. Only a doctor can correctly determine how many days to use it and in what dosage. Strictly follow all recommendations, and the manifestations of the disease will quickly disappear.

How to take Acyclovir tablets: instructions for use

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug and is essentially an artificially produced analogue of a purine nucleoside.

Thanks to this, this medicine is able to suppress the synthesis of the genomes of certain viruses, such as the pathogens of herpes, chicken pox and shingles. Interaction with the virus occurs directly in the cell affected by the pathogen. The effectiveness of therapy increases significantly when it begins as early as possible.

On this page you will find all the information about Acyclovir: full instructions on application to this drug, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogues of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used Acyclovir tablets. Would you like to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Available without a prescription.

How much does Acyclovir cost in tablet form? average price in pharmacies it is at the level of 35 rubles.

Release form and composition

The main active ingredient included in the tablets is Acyclovir, which is a white crystallized powder with a dosage of 200, 400, 800 mg. Additional substances that are used to give the medicine the necessary technological qualities, ensure dosage accuracy and strength:

lactose or milk sugar - diluent;
starch - leavening agent;
Aerosil - anti-friction (anti-slip) substance;
polyvinylpyrrolidone - binding ingredient;
calcium stearate - lubricant to simplify the swallowing process.

Pharmacological effect

The active component of Acyclovir has antiviral and immunostimulating effects, effectively affecting Epstein-Barr viruses, Varicella zoster, Herpes simplex types 1, 2 and cytomegalovirus.

The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the formation of “defective” viral DNA, which blocks the reproduction of the virus.

For the herpes virus, Acyclovir, according to the instructions, stops the formation of rash elements while accelerating the formation of crusts. In addition, the intensity of pain during the acute phase of herpes zoster, the likelihood of visceral complications and skin dissemination are reduced.

Indications for use

For systemic use (oral):

Prevention cytomegalo viral infection after transplantation bone marrow.
Included complex treatment with severe immunodeficiency (including clinical picture HIV infection) and in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation.
Infections caused by Varicella zoster and Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2.
Prevention of infections caused by the Varicella zoster and Herpes simplex viruses (including in patients with a weakened immune system).

For external use: infectious lesions of the skin caused by the Varicella zoster and Herpes simplex viruses.

Contraindications

The drug based on acyclovir is not prescribed to patients with individual hypersensitivity to the main active substance and people suffering from renal failure.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

The effect of using the product during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been studied enough, but research results show that it is able to penetrate the placental barrier and into breast milk. Based on this, it can only be used as prescribed by a specialist in cases where the expected benefit to the mother’s health exceeds possible risk for a child. When treating herpes in pregnant women, you should definitely consult a doctor!

Acyclovir passes through the placenta. In women who took acyclovir tablets in the first trimester of pregnancy, there was no increase in the number of defects in children compared to the general population. But at the moment, not enough women have been examined. Therefore, the attending physician prescribes this drug when the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus.

Instructions for use

The instructions for use indicate that Acyclovir tablets are taken during or immediately after a meal and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the severity of the disease.

Treatment of infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox):

Adults. Prescribe 800 mg 5 times a day every 4 hours during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days.
Children. Prescribe 20 mg/kg 4 times/day for 5 days (maximum single dose 800 mg), children from 3 to 6 years old: 400 mg 4 times a day, over 6 years old: 800 mg 4 times a day for 5 days. Treatment should begin at the earliest signs or symptoms of chickenpox.

Treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2:

Adults. Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days at 4-hour intervals during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended as prescribed by a doctor to 10 days. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, incl. with a detailed clinical picture of HIV infection, including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS; after bone marrow transplantation or if absorption from the intestine is impaired, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times a day.

Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with immunodeficiency:

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours). In case of severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in case of impaired absorption from the intestine, the dose is increased to 400 mg 5 times a day. The duration of the preventive course of therapy is determined by the duration of the period of existence of the risk of infection.

Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune status:

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times/day (every 6 hours) or 400 mg 2 times/day (every 12 hours). In some cases, lower doses are effective - 200 mg 3 times a day (every 8 hours) or 2 times a day (every 12 hours).

Treatment of infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus (shingles):

Prescribe 800 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours for 5 days. For children over 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in the same dose as for adults.

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2:

Children from 3 years to 6 years mg once a day; over 6 years mg 4 times/day. A more precise dose is determined at the rate of 20 mg/kg body weight, but not more than 800 mg times/day. The course of treatment is 5 days. Data on the prevention of recurrence of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus and the treatment of herpes zoster in children with normal indicators no immunity.
For the treatment of children over 3 years of age, 800 mg of acyclovir is prescribed 4 times a day every 6 hours (as for the treatment of adults with immunodeficiency).

Side effects

The antiviral drug is tolerated without problems by the vast majority of patients. A contraindication to taking Acyclovir is the individual hypersensitivity of the patient's body to the active substance.

In some cases (very rarely), the following side effects are observed:

Long-term use of eye ointment may lead to the development of inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) and eyelids (blepharitis).

Overdose

Possible with parenteral and internal administration of dosage forms and accidental ingestion of cream and ointment. Symptoms: neurological disorders, headache, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, kidney dysfunction, convulsions, coma. Treatment is inpatient.

special instructions

Carrying out multiple courses of treatment in patients with immunodeficiency can cause the development of viral resistance to active component.
During the period of taking Acyclovir-Acri, the patient should drink a sufficient amount of fluid to provide the body with increased hydration. Careful monitoring of renal function, blood urea and plasma creatinine levels is required.
During treatment, caution should be exercised when performing potentially hazardous activities, including driving vehicles and mechanisms, since there is a risk of developing adverse effects from the nervous system.

Drug interactions

Currently, there is no data on clinically significant antagonism of Acyclovir with other drugs. Therapeutic effect increases when taken in parallel with drugs that stimulate the immune system.

Probenecid is able to slow down the process of removing the antiviral drug from the body.

To warn functional disorders on the part of the kidneys, it is not recommended to take Acyclovir together with drugs that have nephrotoxic properties.

Reviews

We have selected some people's reviews about the drug Acyclovir:

Larisa. I had not encountered the herpes virus until my one and a half year old child were not diagnosed with herpes sore throat. The doctor prescribed the drug Acyclovir, a quarter of a tablet 3 times a day. Heat, which lasted for two days, fell 12 hours after the start of treatment, and the child quickly recovered. Thanks to Acyclovir!
Basil. I often use Acyclovir for colds on the lips. If you start applying the ointment at the first sign of herpes, it usually helps. In any case, if bubbles appear, they are few and not for long. Most often I buy the German drug Acyclovir-Hexal. The pharmacy says that it is one of the best, and its price is quite reasonable. Several times I could not start treatment on time: either I didn’t have ointment on hand, or I simply didn’t have time. I want to say that in such cases the efficiency was much lower. There were actually much more rashes, and this rigmarole lasted longer than a week, although I regularly applied it five times a day. So, I’ve tested it myself: if treated on time, this remedy helps a lot, but if it’s too late, its effectiveness is in question.
Lily. I have had herpes in my body since childhood. Tried it for treatment great amount ointments and tablets. I settled on Acyclovir. The price is cheap, but in terms of efficiency it surpasses even some more expensive analogues. I periodically take a course for prevention and skin rashes now appear very, very rarely.
Elena. The drug "Acyclovir" is a cheap and effective remedy that prevents small herpes from developing into a huge sore. But from my own experience I can say that you need to use it initial stages, as soon as herpes makes itself felt with itching and burning, so these magic pills I always carry it with me.
Gleb. I decided to write a review about Acyclovir tablets. I don’t have herpes and never had it, but last fall I contracted chickenpox from my son. He endured the disease very hard and was afraid of complications. The doctor recommended these pills, and literally within the first day of taking them they relieved me of terrible itching. I still had to lie around for 3 weeks, but at least without scabies.
Nina. I love this medicine. The price is budget. Helps great. I believe that for all people, all colds go down to the genitals, and acyclovir just drives everything away from top to bottom. Besides, I'll tell you little secret, these tablets at the first symptoms of a cold help prevent you from infecting others. That's why they are always in my makeup bag during the cold season.
Elizabeth. In the evening I noticed herpes on my lip. I need treatment, but somehow I don’t feel like going to the doctor: there is slush and snow outside. I began to remember what the doctor prescribed a year ago for a similar illness. Acyclovir, cycloferon and Zovirax. This morning I ran to the pharmacy to get the whole kit. I immediately started taking everything according to the instructions, but... After the first dose, 2.5-3 hours passed and my head started to hurt. I was guilty of staying at my laptop for a long time. After a short period of time (10-15 minutes), the pain became more and more impossible. I tried to lie down - it was impossible. Be sick. Afterwards I was left rinsing for half an hour. I barely lay down to sleep for 2 hours. But one way or another, my head hurts terribly. I read that of all drugs, only acyclovir can have such side effects. I think we need to go to the pharmacy and change the drug...

Analogs

Analogs of Acyclovir for the active component are:

External agents (cream or ointment): Acyclostad, Gervirax, Zovirax, Virolex, Vivorax, Herpetad, Gerperax;
Tablets or powder for the preparation of solution for infusion: Vivorax, Medovir, Virolex, Provirsan.

Before using analogues, consult your doctor.

Storage conditions and shelf life

The drug should be stored in a place protected from children at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees, avoiding direct sunlight on the packaging.

The shelf life of the tablets is 2 years from the date of manufacture, which is indicated on the packaging. After this period, the tablets cannot be taken orally.

Acyclovir - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and forms of release (tablets, ointment, cream, eye ointment - acri, hexal, akos) medications for the treatment of oral and genital herpes in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article you can find instructions for use medicinal product Acyclovir. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Acyclovir in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Acyclovir in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of oral and genital herpes in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Trade marks various options acyclovir: Acri, HEXAL, AKOS.

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug, a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside, which has a highly selective effect on herpes viruses. Inside virus-infected cells, under the influence of viral thymidine kinase, a series of sequential reactions of transformation of acyclovir into mono-, di- and triphosphate of acyclovir takes place. Acyclovir triphosphate is incorporated into the viral DNA chain and blocks its synthesis through competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase.

The specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus. Highly active against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2; the virus that causes chickenpox and herpes zoster (Varicella zoster); Epstein-Barr virus (types of viruses are listed in increasing order of the minimum inhibitory concentration of acyclovir). Moderately active against cytomegalovirus.

In case of herpes, it prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.

After oral administration, bioavailability is 15-30%, which creates dose-dependent concentrations sufficient for effective treatment viral diseases. Food does not have a significant effect on the absorption of acyclovir. Acyclovir penetrates well into many organs, tissues and body fluids. Acyclovir penetrates the blood-brain and placental barriers and accumulates in breast milk. About 84% is excreted unchanged by the kidneys, 14% in the form of a metabolite. Less than 2% of acyclovir is excreted from the body through the intestines.

treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (genital and oral herpes), both primary and secondary, including genital herpes;
prevention of exacerbations of recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune status;
prevention of primary and recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in patients with immunodeficiency;
as part of complex therapy for patients with severe immunodeficiency: with HIV infection (stage AIDS, early clinical manifestations and detailed clinical picture) and in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation;
treatment of primary and recurrent infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox, as well as herpes zoster).

Tablets 200 mg.

Ointment for external use 5%.

Cream for external use 5%.

Lyophilisate for preparing a solution for infusion (in injections).

Instructions for use and dosage

Acyclovir is taken during or immediately after a meal and washed down with plenty of water. The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the severity of the disease.

Treatment of skin and mucous membrane infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2

Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days at 4-hour intervals during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended as prescribed by a doctor to 10 days. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, incl. with a detailed clinical picture of HIV infection, including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS; after bone marrow transplantation or if absorption from the intestine is impaired, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times a day.

Treatment should begin as soon as possible after infection occurs; for relapses, acyclovir is prescribed in the prodromal period or when the first elements of the rash appear.

Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune status

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours) or 400 mg 2 times a day (every 12 hours). In some cases, lower doses are effective - 200 mg 3 times a day (every 8 hours) or 2 times a day (every 12 hours).

Prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with immunodeficiency.

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours). In case of severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in case of impaired absorption from the intestine, the dose is increased to 400 mg 5 times a day. The duration of the preventive course of therapy is determined by the duration of the period of existence of the risk of infection.

Treatment of infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)

Prescribe 800 mg 5 times a day every 4 hours during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days.

Prescribed 20 mg/kg 4 times a day for 5 days (maximum single dose 800 mg), children from 3 to 6 years old: 400 mg 4 times a day, over 6 years old: 800 mg 4 times a day within 5 days.

Treatment should begin at the earliest signs or symptoms of chickenpox.

Treatment of infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus (shingles)

Prescribe 800 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours for 5 days. For children over 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in the same dose as for adults.

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in pediatric patients with immunodeficiency and normal immune status.

Children from 3 years to 6 years; over 6 years mg 4 times a day. A more precise dose is determined at the rate of 20 mg/kg body weight, but not more than 800 mg. The course of treatment is 5 days. There are no data on the prevention of recurrence of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus and the treatment of herpes zoster in children with normal immunity.

For the treatment of children over 3 years of age, 800 mg of acyclovir is prescribed 4 times a day every 6 hours (as for the treatment of adults with immunodeficiency).

In old age, there is a decrease in the clearance of acyclovir in the body in parallel with a decrease in creatinine clearance. Those taking large doses of the drug orally should receive sufficient fluids. In case of renal failure, it is necessary to decide on reducing the dose of the drug.

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
abdominal pain;
a slight increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine;
leukopenia, erythropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia;
headache;
dizziness;
agitation, confusion, drowsiness;
tremor;
hallucinations;
convulsions;
dyspnea;
anaphylactic reactions;
skin rash, itching, urticaria;
fatigue;
fever;
myalgia.

lactation period;
children under 3 years of age (for this dosage form).

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Acyclovir crosses the placental barrier and accumulates in breast milk. The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If it is necessary to take acyclovir during lactation, interruption of breastfeeding is required.

Acyclovir is used strictly as prescribed by a doctor to avoid complications in adults and children over 3 years of age.

Duration or re-treatment acyclovir in patients with reduced immunity can lead to the emergence of strains of viruses that are insensitive to its action. Most identified strains of viruses that are insensitive to acyclovir show a relative lack of viral thymidine kinase; strains with altered thymidine kinase or with altered DNA polymerase were isolated. In vitro, the effect of acyclovir on isolated strains of the Herpes simplex virus may cause the emergence of less sensitive strains.

The drug is prescribed with caution to patients with impaired renal function and elderly patients due to an increase in the half-life of acyclovir.

When using the drug, it is necessary to ensure the supply of a sufficient amount of fluid.

When taking the drug, kidney function should be monitored (blood urea and plasma creatinine concentrations). Acyclovir does not prevent the sexual transmission of herpes, so during the treatment period it is necessary to abstain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations. It is necessary to inform patients about the possibility of transmission of the genital herpes virus during the period of rash, as well as about cases of asymptomatic virus carriage.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

No data. However, it should be taken into account that dizziness may develop during treatment with acyclovir, so care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

An increase in the effect of acyclovir is observed with the simultaneous administration of immunostimulants.

When taken simultaneously with nephrotoxic drugs, the risk of developing renal dysfunction increases.

Analogues of the drug Acyclovir

Structural analogues of the active substance:

Acyclovir - instructions for use

Instructions for use:

The drug was developed in 1976 by English researcher Gertrude Elion. For developing the drug, the scientist received Nobel Prize. The medicine became widely used in the mid-80s. last century.

Acyclovir is a synthetic analogue of a purified nucleoside. Highly active against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, herpes zoster virus, Varicella zoster and Epstein-Barr viruses, as well as cytomegalovirus.

The antiviral activity of Acyclovir is achieved by suppressing the proliferation of viral particles. It is most often used for the treatment of herpes and is highly effective when used before the vesicular stage of the rash.

When used later, it accelerates healing and resolution of elements. The instructions for use of acyclovir indicate that the drug has an immunostimulating effect.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Acyclovir is active against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, herpes zoster virus (Varicella zoster), and Epstein-Barr virus. Cytomegalovirus is less sensitive to the action of acyclovir.

The molecular biological mechanism of the antiviral activity of acyclovir is due to competitive interaction with viral thymidine kinase and sequential phosphorylation with the formation of mono-, di- and triphosphate. Acyclovir triphosphate is incorporated instead of deoxyguanosine into the DNA of the virus, inhibits the latter's DNA polymerase and suppresses the replication process.

For herpes, acyclovir prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, and accelerates the formation of crusts. Helps reduce pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, regardless of food intake, about 20% of acyclovir is absorbed. Plasma protein binding is relatively low (9-33%). The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is approximately 50% of the concentration in plasma. The maximum concentration is determined after 1.5-2 hours.

The half-life of acyclovir when taken orally is about 4 hours. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys unchanged, partially (10-15%) in the form of a metabolite - 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine.

In case of renal failure, the half-life increases significantly (up to 19.5 hours). Acyclovir penetrates the blood-brain and placental barriers and is excreted in breast milk.

Indications for use of Acyclovir

Acyclovir tablets 0.2 g are used:

Directions for use and doses

The drug is taken orally with plenty of water.

Acyclovir for herpes

For the treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by herpes simplex viruses, 1 tablet (0.2 g) is prescribed 5 times a day (except at night).

To prevent infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by herpes simplex viruses in patients with immune system disorders, adults are prescribed 1 tablet (0.2 g) 4 times a day.

For the treatment of infections caused by herpes zoster viruses, 4 tablets (0.8 g) are prescribed 4-5 times a day. For rectal herpetic infection Prescribe 2 tablets (0.4 g) 5 times a day for 10 days.

For genital herpes, 1 tablet (0.2 g) is prescribed 5 times a day; to prevent relapses of genital herpes infection - 2-5 times a day for 5 days.

Children under two years of age are prescribed half the adult dose; Children over 2 years of age are prescribed the dose for adults.

The duration of treatment is usually 5 days. For infections caused by herpes zoster viruses, treatment is continued for another 3 days after the signs of the disease disappear.

Preventive treatment for organ transplantation is carried out for 6 weeks. The use of the drug in newborns is not recommended.

Acyclovir for chickenpox

The doctor should calculate the dosage of Acyclovir tablets for chickenpox in children based on the child’s body weight and age:

Up to 2 years – 2–3 r. per day 1 tablet 200 mg.
After 2 years – up to 5 r. per day, 2 tablets at a time.
For adolescents and adults, tablets 3–5 r. per day 1–2 pcs.

The duration of oral use of Acyclovir is 5-10 days.

At a 5% concentration, the drug is produced in the form of ointment and cream, which accelerate the healing of chickenpox blisters in adults and children. But you cannot apply the ointment to the entire surface of the dermis, because... it makes skin breathing difficult. During treatment, only the affected areas of the body are treated, if possible lubricating the elements in a targeted manner.

Use Acyclovir ointment 5–6 r. per day, no treatment is carried out at night. The product helps to significantly reduce the number of rashes and reduce itching on the 2nd – 3rd day of use.

Features of the use of Acyclovir

Side effects

When taking the drug orally, it is possible

In addition, there may be an increase in the content of bilirubin, urea and creatinine in the blood serum, and a transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases.

skin allergic reactions,
increase in body temperature,
swelling,
lymphadenopathy.

Interaction with other drugs

Probenecid slows down the elimination of acyclovir (blocks tubular secretion).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to acyclovir.

Pregnancy and lactation

Restrictions on taking the drug include pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment).

Overdose

Treatment: life support important functions, hemodialysis.

Acyclovir price

Prices in pharmacies: 60–400 rubles.

Acyclovir analogs

Zovirax,
Virolex,
Acyclovir-Teva,
Herperax,
Medovir,
Acyclostad.

The drug under this name is better known as an external remedy for the treatment of herpes. However, there is also a tablet form of the drug intended for systemic treatment of viral infections. Medicines should be used strictly according to medical prescription, since there are a number of contraindications and restrictions on use.

Is Acyclovir ® an antibiotic or not?

Pharmacological group

The tableted drug is classified as an antiviral drug intended for the treatment of herpes infections.

Composition of Acyclovir ® tablet

Like any tablet dosage form, this drug consists of main and auxiliary components. The active ingredient, in the form of sodium salt, has the chemical name 2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6H-purine-6-OH. To put it simply, the active substance Acyclovir ® is acyclovir, a synthetic analogue of the structural elements of DNA (purine nucleosides).

Once in the body, it undergoes a number of specific transformations. After entering the virus-infected cell through the process of phosphorylation by thymidine kinase, acyclovir takes the form of monophosphate, then diphosphate, and finally turns into triphosphate. It is the final compound that has antiviral activity: it is integrated into the DNA of the pathogen and stops the replication process.

Taking Acyclovir ® tablets is indicated when the body is affected by the following viruses:

Herpes simplex – causes herpes, has several varieties; The spectrum of activity of the drug includes two of them - HSV types 1 and 2.
Varicella zoster is the causative agent of the well-known chickenpox, which most people contract in childhood and receive lifelong immunity.
Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of many pathologies, including various cancerous tumors, hepatitis and other dangerous diseases.
Cytomegalovirus is a common subtype of herpetic viruses that is extremely dangerous for people with immunodeficiency conditions and newborns.

In children Epstein-Barr viruses and ciomegalovirus often cause

Release form Acyclovir ®

Based on the active substance, several dosage forms are produced, which are used externally, used for intravenous administration, and also for oral administration. In the latter case, these are tablets, regular and extended release, containing 200 and 400 mg of the active ingredient, respectively.

Photo of the packaging of Acyclovir ® in the form of 400 mg tablets

Under original name Acyclovir ® antiviral agent is produced by the Belarusian manufacturer Belmedpreparaty ® and the domestic company OZON. The tablets contain 200 mg of active ingredient, as well as calcium, milk sugar, potato starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone and aerosil. They are packed in 20 pieces in blisters and packs of cardboard, sold at a price of about 32 rubles. Acyclovir ® has a shelf life of 3 years from the date of manufacture.

In addition, the drug for oral use is produced by many Russian and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises with the addition of branded postfixes to the main name: Acyclovir-akrikhin ®, Acyclovir-sandoz ®, Acyclovir-akos ®, etc. Long-acting tablets at a dosage of 400 mg are called Acyclovir-forte ®.

What do Acyclovir ® tablets help with?

The drug in tablet form is intended for systemic treatment of diseases caused by several types of herpeviruses. For example, tablets, especially in combination with external ointment, are good for rashes on the lips and genital herpes. They are also prescribed for herpes zoster and chickenpox. Treatment of chickenpox with acyclovir ® is especially important for adults: children tolerate it relatively easily, but at an older age the disease is severe and can cause complications.

Acyclovir ® recipe in Latin

You can take pills only as prescribed by a doctor, since there are certain contraindications for systemic treatment viral infections. Making out prescription form, the specialist briefly indicates basic information about the patient (age and full name) and makes a note in Latin intended for the pharmacist with an appointment in Russian:

Rp.: Tab. Aciclovir 0.2

D.t. d. No. 20

S. 1 tablet 5 times a day.

Acyclovir ® – indications for use

Tablets are prescribed for the purpose of systemic treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by susceptible viruses:

Herpes simplex, both primary and in case of relapses.
Genital herpes, affecting the genitals.
Severe infectious course.
Chickenpox in adults and children, starting from the first day after the onset of a characteristic vesicular rash.
Shingles (this disease is a consequence of previous chickenpox and the presence of the virus in the body).

Shown medicine also for patients with immunodeficiency (who have undergone organ transplantation, undergoing chemotherapy) for the purpose of prevention and treatment of herpetic rashes.

Contraindications for use of Acyclovir ®

The only strict contraindication is considered to be individual hypersensitivity to acyclovir ® itself and its predecessor valacyclovir ® . However, there are cases when you should be careful when using the tablets. These include conditions associated with kidney failure and dehydration. The possibility of using the drug for the treatment of pregnant and lactating women is discussed in the corresponding section.

Dosage and method of use Acyclovir ® tablets

When taken orally, the active substance is partially absorbed, its bioavailability does not exceed 30%. The presence of food in the stomach and intestines does not affect the rate of absorption, so you can take the tablets at any time.

Herpes simplex

For the treatment of primary and recurrent herpes caused by Herpes simplex, it is recommended to observe a 4-hour interval during the day and an 8-hour interval at night:

Children over 2 years of age and adults with normal immune status are prescribed a 5-day course, during which they need to take 200 mg of the drug 5 times daily. For preventive purposes - the same single dose, but every 6 hours.
In the presence of HIV infection, after transplantations and during chemotherapy, the single dose is 400 mg, and the treatment and prevention regimens are similar.
For the treatment of children under two years of age, the dosage is halved (that is, 100 m for each of 5 doses).

Chicken pox

The treatment period for chickenpox is from 7 to 10 days, while adults and children whose body weight is above 40 kg are recommended to take 800 mg of the drug 5 times a day. The child is more younger age the amount of active substance must be calculated by weight. Recommended treatment regimen: 5-day course, 20 mg of acyclovir per kilogram of body weight every 6 hours.

Shingles

The drug is prescribed according to age:

children under 2 years old – 200 mg per dose;
from two to six – 400 milligrams;
over 6 and adults – 800 each.

The tablets should be taken four times a day every equal intervals, full course of treatment – 5 days.

Acyclovir ® – side effects, effects and overdose

Any negative reactions of the body to taking the drug are observed quite rarely.

From the digestive organs, dyspeptic disorders and diarrhea are most likely. In isolated cases, increased transient activity of ALaT and ACaT, liver enzymes, is noted.

Side effects from the nervous system associated with the use of Acyclovir ® tablets are as follows:

general weakness,
drowsiness or agitation,
dizziness or headache.

More severe conditions are possible only with intravenous administration or overdose. Oral administration of the drug usually does not affect the hematopoietic system. Allergy to Acyclovir as a side effect is manifested by urticaria and skin itching.

More serious body reactions occur when the recommended dose is exceeded, especially when the drug is administered parenterally. When ingested, it is mentioned the following symptoms overdose: headache, shortness of breath, fever, neurological disorders, diarrhea and vomiting. In especially severe cases - convulsive syndrome, coma and lethargy (observed after a single dose of 20 grams of the active substance).

Acyclovir ® during pregnancy and breastfeeding

There have been no large-scale clinical studies on the effects of the drug on the fetus. Based on the available information about women and their children who took the drug during pregnancy, it can be concluded that there is no teratogenic effect. That is, Acyclovir can be prescribed during pregnancy from the 1st to the 3rd trimester, but taking into account possible risks, it still penetrates the placenta.

The active substance is also excreted into breast milk in fairly large quantities. Therefore, use Acyclovir ® when breastfeeding Not recommended. It is advisable to avoid breastfeeding during the treatment of a viral infection, replacing feeding with a special formula.

Acyclovir ® and alcohol – compatibility

It is known about the potential nephrotoxic effect of the antiviral agent on the kidneys due to its accumulation in the tubules. This is why it is recommended to drink more fluids during treatment and avoid taking other drugs that are harmful to the kidneys. Can I drink alcohol while taking acyclovir ®?

There is no direct prohibition on the combined use of alcohol with these tablets in the instructions from the manufacturers, however, it is necessary to take into account the general negative impact ethanol on an organism weakened by disease. In addition, alcohol always increases the likelihood of side effects, especially from the nervous and digestive systems.

Analogues of Acyclovir ® tablets

As already mentioned at the beginning of the article, quite a lot of antiviral drugs based on acyclovir are produced. Pharmacy chains offer the following structural substitutes for the original:

Acyclovir-AKOS ®
Zovirax ®
Acyclovir-Acri ®
Acyclovir-Belupo ®
Virolex ®
Ciclovir ®
Acyclovir-Sandoz ®
Acyclovir-Akrikhin ®
Cyclovax ®
Acyclostad ®
Vivorax ®
Supraviran ®
Herperax ®
Provirsan ®
Lizavir ®
Cycloviral-SEDICO ®
Citivir ®

In the case of Acyclovir ®, it is simply impractical to look for cheaper analogues. It is the original domestic drug that is the most affordable in pharmacies, while imported substitutes can cost several times more.

Zovirax ® or Acyclovir ®, which is better?

Cost of 25 tablets produced by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals S.A. ® today is almost 15 times higher than the price of the domestic drug. At the same time, there is no fundamental difference in the composition of the medicines, since the dose of the active substance is the same. Therefore, there are no differences in the list of indications, contraindications, and possible side effects.

Thus, the difference between Zovirax ® and Acyclovir ® is only in cost, manufacturer and external design. Any differences in therapeutic effect has not been clinically identified or confirmed.

Which is better, Acyclovir ® or Famvir ®?

The active ingredient in Swiss-made tablets is another antiviral compound – famciclovir.

Photo of Famvir ® 250 mg 21 film-coated tablets

It is active against the same viruses, but is characterized by higher bioavailability. In addition, acyclovir ® -resistant strains of Herpes simplex are susceptible to it. Due to the longer half-life, Famvir ® is also more convenient to use (no more than 3 times a day). The only negative is the cost from 1500 rubles for a pack of 3 tablets.

What is the difference between valacyclovir ® and acyclovir ®

Valacyclovir ® , on the basis of which various antiviral drugs are also produced, is the precursor of acyclovir ® - the hydrochloride salt of its L-valyl ester. In infected cells it undergoes the same transformations and acts similarly.

However, there is a difference between acyclovir ® and valacyclovir ®, which determines the higher effectiveness of drugs based on the latter (for example, Valtrex ®, popular in America). In the form of a prodrug, the antiviral agent is absorbed much better and to the fullest extent possible.

Acyclovir is a synthetic antiviral drug used to treat herpes and some other infections.

Pharmacological action of Acyclovir

The active component of Acyclovir has antiviral and immunostimulating effects, effectively affecting Epstein-Barr viruses, Varicella zoster, Herpes simplex types 1, 2 and cytomegalovirus.

The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the formation of “defective” viral DNA, which blocks the reproduction of the virus.

Release form

The drug Acyclovir is released in the form:

Tablets of 200 and 400 mg;
5% ointment for external and local use;
3% eye ointment.

Acyclovir analogs

Analogs of Acyclovir for the active component are:

External agents (cream or ointment): Acyclostad, Gervirax, Zovirax, Virolex, Vivorax, Herpetad, Gerperax;
Tablets or powder for the preparation of solution for infusion: Vivorax, Medovir, Virolex, Provirsan.

Also, if necessary, after medical consultation, it is possible to replace Acyclovir with analogues according to the mode of action: Alpizarin, Ribapeg, Giporamin, Condilin, Epigen, Gossypol, Minaker, Vartek, Erazaban, Aldara, Arviron, Vacirex, Cymevene, Rebetol, Famciclovir-Teva, Ribavirin and some other.

Indications for use of Acyclovir

Acyclovir tablets are prescribed:

In the treatment of primary and secondary infections of the skin and mucous membranes that are caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, including genital herpes;
As part of complex treatment therapy for severe immunodeficiency;
To prevent exacerbations of recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 against the background of normal immune status and with immunodeficiency;
In the treatment of primary and recurrent infections caused by the Varicella zoster and Herpes zoster viruses (chickenpox and herpes zoster).

Acyclovir eye ointment, according to the instructions, is used in the treatment of herpetic keratitis, which is caused by the Herpes simplex virus types 1 or 2.

External ointment Acyclovir is prescribed for the treatment of:

Herpes simplex of the skin and mucous membranes;
Primary and recurrent genital herpes;
Localized herpes zoster as an adjuvant treatment.

Contraindications for use

The use of Acyclovir in any dosage forms is contraindicated during lactation, and during pregnancy it is prescribed with caution, weighing the degree of risk for the mother and child with the possible benefits of using the medication.

In addition, Acyclovir, according to the instructions, should not be used if there is hypersensitivity to the active or excipients included in the tablets or ointments.

Acyclovir tablets are not used in pediatrics before three years of age. Also, the drug in this dosage form should be taken with caution:

Against the background of renal dysfunction;
In old age;
For neurological disorders or neurological reactions to cytotoxic drugs.

Directions for use and dosage

Acyclovir tablets should be taken with food. The dosage regimen of the medicine is determined by the doctor individually.

When treating infections of the mucous membranes and skin caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, adults are prescribed a course of treatment for 5 days. A single dosage is 1 tablet of Acyclovir (200 mg), the frequency of administration is 5 times a day, maintaining a four-hour interval between doses.

In some cases, longer treatment (up to ten days) and doubling of the single dosage may be required.

Acyclovir, according to the instructions, is most effective in cases where treatment begins immediately after the infection is detected.

For prevention possible relapses infections take one tablet of Acyclovir (200 mg) with a break of 6 hours.

When treating chickenpox (infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus), take 2 tablets of Acyclovir (400 mg) 5 times a day for 7-10 days. For children, dosage is usually calculated based on body weight.

For the treatment of herpes zoster (infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus), take the same dosage as for the treatment of chickenpox. The duration of treatment is 5 days. Children over 3 years of age are usually prescribed an adult dosage.

Elderly people need to maintain a fluid regime when taking Acyclovir, and against the background of renal failure, the recommended dose of the drug for adults should be reduced.

Acyclovir eye ointment is prescribed to adults and children in the same way - a strip of ointment 1 cm long must be placed in the lower conjunctival sac every 4 hours. Treatment is carried out until complete healing, and is also continued for another three days after it.

External Acyclovir ointment should be applied to the affected areas of the skin 5-6 times a day. The effect of treatment depends on how quickly it is started after the infection is identified. Average duration treatment – 5-10 days.

Side effects of Acyclovir

The drug Acyclovir is generally well tolerated. During a course of treatment with Acyclovir tablets, the following most often develop:

Dizziness;
Fatigue;
Nausea;
Headache;
Fever;
Hives;
Rash, including sensitization;
Vomit;
Diarrhea.

In addition, the use of Acyclovir can lead to disruption of certain body systems, namely:

Digestive system – jaundice, hepatitis, abdominal pain;
Hematopoietic system – anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia, erythropenia, leukopenia;
Central nervous system– drowsiness, tremor, agitation, ataxia, confusion, encephalopathy, hallucinations, dysarthria, convulsions, psychotic symptoms, coma;
Respiratory system - shortness of breath.

Of allergic reactions, the most likely development is skin rash, urticaria, itching, Lyell's and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, as well as anaphylactic reactions.

Other side effects of Acyclovir tablets include blurred vision, peripheral edema, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and malaise.

Application of Acyclovir eye ointment unwanted effects practically does not cause. In rare cases, minor allergic reactions are possible in the form of immediate hypersensitivity, conjunctivitis, punctate superficial keratopathy, slight burning sensation, blepharitis, which does not require discontinuation of the medication.

External ointment Acyclovir can cause pain, itching, vulvitis, burning, skin rash, allergic reactions and swelling at the application site.