Tooth extraction is a major dental operation. The recovery period after such a procedure can take some time and last from three days to seven days. There are indications and contraindications for what measures the patient needs to take to ensure that the rehabilitation process goes as quickly and successfully as possible. If you strictly follow the dentist’s recommendations and general rules postoperative period, you can significantly bring the moment of recovery closer and avoid unpleasant or even dangerous complications.
Rules of conduct during recovery after a doctor has pulled out a tooth may differ depending on the severity of the operation performed, its type, general condition the patient's health, habits and age. However, there are general recommendations that are relevant for any postoperative situation.
What to do after tooth extraction
After the dentist has completed all removal procedures, the patient must take the following measures:
- The tampon that the doctor placed on the hole must be removed no later than half an hour later. If the patient has poor blood clotting, you can keep the compression pad on for 60 minutes;
- To reduce the likelihood of swelling of the soft tissues of the mouth or face, it is advisable to apply something cold to the cheek. This treatment measure will be effective only in the first hours after surgery. A piece of ice or frozen meat wrapped in cloth should be applied to the cheek several times for 5 minutes;
- On the first day, to avoid inflammation, you can do antiseptic baths;
- It is necessary to carry out everything gently, carefully, but carefully hygiene procedures V oral cavity, not excluding the area where the tooth was pulled out.
Compliance with these rules after removal will promote rapid healing of the hole and prevent infection.
What to do after wisdom tooth removal
The third molar is usually pulled out due to inflammation that appears around it. At the same time, pus and infectious agents are likely to get into the wound. Therefore, in the postoperative period, the patient must follow general recommendations, as well as be as attentive as possible to his feelings, and note the slightest changes in his condition.
As soon as the hole stops bleeding, you should immediately remove the compression tampon. Its presence in the wound provokes the proliferation of bacteria and increases the likelihood of the onset of an inflammatory process.
The patient should be prepared for the fact that his gums will hurt for 3-5 days after the procedure. You need to purchase recommended anesthetics and take them on schedule. If the pain syndrome has become stronger, swelling of the face and gums increases over several days, elevated temperature does not subside, and an unpleasant odor begins to come from the hole - you need to call the dentist.
What not to do
In order to avoid any complications after surgery to remove any tooth, you must follow the following rules: 
- Do not eat or drink anything for 3 hours after surgery;
- It is not recommended to eat hot, spicy, hard and fine-grained foods, or drink hot drinks. The load when chewing food must be transferred to the healthy side of the jaw;
- For 3 days, limit physical activity and procedures that increase blood pressure or increase blood flow. Do not take hot baths. Bathhouse, sauna, solarium, visiting the beach are prohibited;
- Do not touch the hole with your tongue, finger, toothbrush, or toothpick;
- Do not rinse your mouth;
- Do not ignore the advice, recommendations and prescriptions of the dentist. Do not violate your medication schedule.
If the patient has any doubts about his condition or questions for the doctor, he should not put off calling the clinic “for later.”
What do we have to do
After the removal procedure, you need to limit your activity for a while, adhere to a healthy lifestyle and diet.
It is better to take the so-called “sick leave” - spend time at home in a calm environment, closely monitoring your condition.
Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages are prohibited; it is better to abstain from them.
The menu for the recovery period should consist of nutritious food that does not require thorough chewing. It is better to reduce the number of meals by increasing the calorie content of dishes.
It is imperative to carry out hygiene procedures, as ignoring them can lead to inflammatory process in the hole of an extracted tooth.
Mouth rinsing is prohibited; it is better to replace it with medicinal baths.
You need to ensure that postoperative sutures not separated, for this you should not open your mouth wide or strain your facial muscles.
What to do after tooth root removal
Root removal is often accompanied by circumstances that complicate the dentist’s work and can negatively affect the duration and course of treatment. recovery period.
In order for rehabilitation to progress at a normal pace and tooth reconstruction to begin, the patient must follow the rules of the recovery period.
First of all, it is necessary to avoid the occurrence of inflammation in the area of the torn root. For this you will need:
- Observe the rules of personal hygiene;
- Do not overheat the head area;
- Do not rinse or touch the affected area with your tongue;
- Do medicinal baths, take painkillers, start taking antibiotics if the doctor gives such a recommendation.
You should try to protect the area of the torn root as much as possible, since any infectious process at the site of removal may entail severe complications.
Baths after tooth extraction
Since rinsing after the removal procedure is prohibited, it is necessary to make baths.
Doctors usually recommend making baths using soda and salt, medications or decoctions of various medicinal herbs. For these purposes, drugs such as Miramistin and an aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine are suitable.
The procedure is easy to carry out. You just need to put a small amount of bath liquid in your mouth, tilt your head so that the liquid moves to the area of the pulled out tooth, and freeze in this position for 30-60 seconds. No active steps need to be taken medicinal solution should just wash gently damaged tissue gums. After this, the liquid must be spat out.
Antiseptic or therapeutic baths are recommended to be done every 3 hours during the day, preferably after eating and cleansing the mouth.
After the patient has taken a bath, it is advisable not to eat any food or even drink for 1 hour.
What to do after a child’s tooth extraction
After removing a child’s baby or molar teeth, parents should closely monitor the baby’s condition and well-being.
It is necessary to ensure that the child follows the following rules:
- Do not rinse your mouth or spit, as this may cause the blood clot to be removed from the socket;
- Didn't do anything active physical exercise and did not overheat;
- Brush your teeth efficiently and responsibly, avoiding the injured area with a brush;
- Took necessary medications in full and according to the schedule established by the doctor;
- Carefully and promptly made baths with antiseptic or medicinal products;
- He did not put any foreign objects in his mouth and did not touch the socket with his fingers or tongue.
The child’s body temperature, swelling of soft tissues and the child’s breath must be monitored. In case of complications, consult a doctor immediately.
What to do after removing a tooth with a cyst
After the doctor removes a tooth with a cyst, you need to follow general recommendations recovery period, but Special attention pay attention to reducing the likelihood of wound infection.
On initial period After the procedure, it is necessary to cool the sore side of the jaw by applying 3-4 cold compresses. Next, you need to ensure that the operated part of the face does not overheat. It is forbidden to make warming compresses, take hot baths, or sunbathe. For pain relief, you can take medications prescribed by your doctor.
It is necessary to avoid injuring the healing hole - the food is soft or liquid, not hot; brush your teeth as carefully as possible; Do not rinse your mouth. It is necessary to limit physical activity and monitor local and general temperature. If the pain heat body and swelling lasts more than 2 days - consult a doctor. If the discharge of pus begins or from the hole it's going nasty odor - consult a doctor immediately.
Temperature rises after tooth extraction
Small increase general temperature body or local - in the area of the operation, is considered normal occurrence. This is the body's natural reaction to dental surgery.
If the temperature stays within 37-38° C, there is no need to bring it down. If it rises above 38° C, you need to take antipyretic drugs. Avoid using aspirin as it may cause bleeding from the socket.
Increase in temperature throughout long period(2 or more days in a row), accompanied by signs of inflammation - strong pain, edema, swelling of soft tissues, unpleasant odor from the wound, are direct indications for urgent consultation with a doctor.
Conclusion
Compliance with basic rules rehabilitation period after dental surgery – pledge Get well soon and minimizing the possibility of complications. The faster the hole heals and heals after removal, the faster you can begin reconstruction and restoration of the dentition.
There is no difference in what technology will be used for. In any case, after the intervention the following will remain:
- wound on the oral mucosa;
- bone wound (socket).
Any violation of the integument is an open path for infection to enter the body.
When a tooth is removed, a hole remains, which will take some time to heal. During this period, food can get into such a wound and “get stuck” there.
Despite the fact that human saliva has antibacterial properties, it is also a carrier of a large number of harmful microbes. That is why, after the operation, a certain amount of healing time is required.
With such manipulations, the dentist violates the integrity of the mucous membrane and carries out a certain rupture of blood vessels and nerves.
And in order to remove the tooth itself, the specialist has to damage nearby ligaments, muscles and other soft fabrics. Therefore, the removal site becomes inflamed at first, although healing already begins from the first minute after the operation is completed.
Bleeding wound after tooth extraction
Often the healing process is accompanied the following symptoms:
- (stops after about 1-3 hours);
- pain syndrome in the area extracted tooth, which can irradiate to nearby tissues and organs;
- redness of mucous surfaces;
- the temperature may rise briefly;
- due to swelling and pain, the full functioning of the jaw becomes difficult.
If the doctor is not experienced, the patient violates the rules of oral hygiene, or simply goes to a questionable dentist, this can lead to the following problems:
How long the gums and the wound as a whole take to heal directly depends on whether the patient has these or other problems after tooth extraction.
Time required for full recovery
After surgery to remove a tooth, healing in the oral cavity will occur in two places - in the socket and in the gum itself.
In each place, regeneration will require its own time:
The healing process can be affected by external and internal factors. Therefore, in some patients healing takes place in 2 months, while for others it takes 3-4.
What can lengthen the recovery process?
Even a highly qualified specialist does not give exact time frames for healing. But he can warn about the potential danger that prolongs such a process.
The rehabilitation process is influenced by:
These reasons always negatively affect the healing process. But besides the fact that they can stretch it, they also lead to...
How to speed up healing?
Tooth extraction is a very unpleasant operation, which will remind you of itself for a long time during the recovery period.
But it can be made easier and faster if you adhere to the following recommendations:
But, if a serious inflammatory process is observed, the dentist may prescribe and. Each medicine must be prescribed by a specialist, and not prescribed independently, otherwise complications can occur.
When do you need to see a doctor urgently?
There are a number of situations in which a patient may experience symptoms that indicate the onset of .
These include: 
- lasting more than 3 hours and yet it is abundant;
- severe pain and swelling which does not go away for more than 3 hours and begins to affect nearby tissues and organs;
- temperature above 37 degrees, lasting more than a day;
- suppuration(white or gray accumulation), which is accompanied by an unpleasant odor and pain in the socket;
- headache , appearing along with temperature and increased lymph nodes in the neck area.
All these conditions require immediate response!
Summarize
In order for the postoperative period after tooth extraction to be optimally comfortable and without consequences, it is necessary:
- find a qualified dentist, with experience and dentistry, with good reviews;
- strictly follow all recommendations prescribed by the doctor;
- do not take any medications on your own;
- at the slightest warning signs, seek medical help immediately.
Removal of a tooth, or exodontia, has been known since ancient times. In fact, teeth were pulled out not only to relieve suffering from toothache, but also for more bloodthirsty purposes - for intimidation and torture.
However, for centuries, exodontia was perhaps the only way to solve dental problems. And before the invention of antibiotics and the development of adequate instruments, this method, even with the best intentions, was not only painful, but also dangerous - people got sick and died due to unsuccessful tooth extraction.
In the 14th century, the advanced medieval surgeon Guy de Chauliac first used the “tooth pelican” - a device that made it possible to more or less accurately and quickly “uproot” the tooth along with the root. The Pelican was successfully used until the 18th century, until it gave way to more modern equipment. Today for tooth extraction Various tools and techniques are used, depending on the specifics of the situation.
Modern removal of a tooth- an operation that is responsible and difficult not only for the patient, but also for the dentist. Removal of a molar tooth is resorted to only if there is irrefutable evidence: if the tooth cannot be saved (or there is nothing to save), if its condition threatens the “jaw neighbors” or threatens complications, inflammation, or infection. In some difficult cases removal of a tooth becomes a necessary part of orthodontic procedures related to bite correction. In short, tooth extraction is an extreme measure, which is resorted to if it is impossible to solve the problem in any other way.
The main reasons for tooth extraction:
Infection or extensive damage to the tooth by caries (about 2/3 of all extractions!)
- the tooth interferes with the normal growth of other teeth
- some gum diseases that have spread to other tissues and compromise the integrity of jaw bone
- a tooth is broken off or significantly damaged (due to an accident, fight, etc.)
- a wisdom tooth often becomes a candidate for removal even without pain or other symptoms, since it can change the symmetry of the face or change the bite, as well as “suppress” adjacent teeth.
There are two main types tooth extraction: simple and surgical. Simple removal involves removal from the jaw visible tooth. It is carried out under local anesthesia(injection) and, as a rule, during its course only instruments are used that lift and pull out the tooth. The tooth loosens slightly to disrupt the integrity of the periodontal tissue, the alveolar bone supporting it expands, and, applying forceps, the doctor pulls the tooth out of the jaw.
Surgical removal is used for tooth extraction, access to which is difficult - for example, if its crown ( top part, visible above the gum) is broken off, or it has not completely erupted. In each specific case, the dentist chooses his own strategy for tooth extraction - only soft tissue can be excised, or there is a need to remove or dissect part of the jaw bone. IN difficult situations The tooth is crushed and removed in parts.
What to do after tooth extraction?
So, for some reason, you have lost one of your thirty-two little friends. How to survive a loss with the least damage to your nerves and health?
While you are still in the clinic, do not jump up immediately after the doctor has finished working and showed you the extracted tooth. Too sudden splash physical activity can lead to bleeding - it takes some time for the blood to thicken and, under the influence of oxygen, to form a thicker “plug” in the jaw, covering the fresh wound. If you had a simple removal, you need at least 10 minutes of rest, in case surgical intervention(especially if stitches were placed), you should sit quietly for 30-60 minutes. The doctor may suggest that you bite down on a gauze pad. Don't refuse, jaw pressure will also help stop the bleeding.
Before you go home, your dentist will schedule a follow-up appointment for you and list the procedures to be performed. post-operative care for the oral cavity, will prescribe the necessary medications. Follow all recommendations strictly. For at least two hours after tooth extraction, refrain from sudden movements, do not touch the wound with your tongue or hands, and do not chew. chewing gum and do not suck on candy or pills, as this may cause or increase bleeding.
A small amount of scarlet blood will continue to be released for some time, this is normal. If the bleeding gets worse and clots appear, bite down on a gauze pad or folded piece of paper towel, trying to maintain pressure for 40 to 50 minutes at a time. If bleeding continues to bother you, call your dentist or go to the clinic. Bleeding usually goes away within 8 hours after tooth extraction, in some cases, bleeding within 72 hours after surgery may be considered a normal variant.
In case of painful attacks, take the remedy recommended by your doctor. It is best to avoid aspirin and aspirin-containing medications, as they thin the blood and prevent it from stopping. Most likely, the dentist will recommend taking an ibuprofen tablet.
It is extremely important to keep the surgical site clean, especially if you have experienced surgical removal, removal of a tooth wisdom. Be extremely careful when brushing your teeth and, unless your doctor has prescribed otherwise, carefully rinse your mouth (not the socket!) with lukewarm saline solution(half a spoon of salt per glass of water) or chlorophyllipt solution (10 drops per 100 ml of water). Make sure that no food particles get into the wound. On the day after tooth extraction, take only homogeneous food, gradually returning to your usual menu. Before full recovery Avoid visiting the bathhouse, sauna, or taking hot baths.
Possible complications after tooth extraction
Like any surgery, removal of a tooth may not go as smoothly as we would like. TO possible consequences include, in addition to bleeding, swelling, fever, and infection.
In contrast to the Middle Ages, today infection and inflammation accompany tooth extraction extremely rarely, but such cases are recorded from time to time. Firstly, it is necessary to make sure that infection and inflammation are not due to the fact that some fragment of a tooth or instrument is “forgotten” in the jaw. Secondly, it is necessary to start treatment with antibiotics as early as possible. Therefore, at the slightest sign of infection (suppuration, severe pain), consult a doctor immediately. If you had a wisdom tooth removed and by the end of the week after the operation your mouth does not open wider, this may also be a sign of infection.
Swelling – very common consequence of tooth extraction, especially a wisdom tooth or a severely rotten tooth. Swelling of the gums and cheeks after removal is caused by partial destruction of the soft tissue surrounding the tooth. As a rule, such annoying but relatively small flux-like swelling goes away on its own after 2-3 days, and facial symmetry and diction are restored.
Swelling can also be caused by an allergic reaction to the drug used for anesthesia - then an antihistamine will help. Worsening, painful, throbbing and hot swelling after tooth extraction may be a sign of the onset infectious inflammation. In this case, you should immediately contact the clinic and under no circumstances self-medicate.
Increase in body temperature after tooth extraction– a normal reaction of the body to injury. The temperature can “jump” for 2-3 days, normalizing in the morning and rising in the evening; this in itself does not mean infection. Follow the prescribed hygiene and take antipyretic drugs (paracetamol and ibuprofen), but if the condition does not improve on the fourth day and you do not like the condition of the wound, this is a good reason to visit a doctor.
Contraindications to tooth extraction
Set aside removal of a tooth, if you are menstruating or if you are pregnant (first and third trimesters). In the first case, deletion is fraught heavy bleeding, in addition, most women have hormonal reasons the pain threshold is lowered. In the second, the use of anesthesia can adversely affect the fetus, as can inevitable stressful experiences. If you suffer from diseases of the circulatory system or take cardiac medications, be sure to inform your dentist - this may also serve as a reason for a medical withdrawal.
Olga Chern
Women's magazine JustLady
Features of the innervation of the upper and lower jaw
The upper and lower jaws are innervated, respectively, by the superior and inferior alveolar nerves, which are branches of the trigeminal nerve (the main sensory nerve of the head and face) and form the superior and inferior alveolar nerve plexuses.The superior and inferior alveolar nerves innervate the following anatomical structures:
- gums;
- periodontium – a complex of tissues surrounding the tooth root;
- teeth: dental nerves along with blood vessels enter the pulp through an opening at the root apex.
How long does pain last after tooth extraction?
Typically, pain persists for 4 to 7 days.Factors on which it depends:
- complexity of intervention: location of the tooth (incisors, canines, small or large molars), condition of the tooth and surrounding bone tissue, size of the tooth root;
- following the dentist's recommendations after removal: if they are performed, then pain can be completely avoided;
- doctor's experience, how carefully the doctor removes teeth;
- equipment dental clinic : the more modern instruments are used to remove a tooth, the less pain will bother you;
- patient characteristics: Some people feel pain more acutely, others not so much.
What to do if the pain persists for a long time?
The best solution is to contact your dentist again for an examination and consultation. Painkillers can be used as a temporary measure.
What does the hole look like after tooth extraction?
After tooth extraction, a small wound remains. Stages of socket healing after tooth extraction:
| 1 day | A blood clot forms in the lenka. It is very important for the normal healing process. Under no circumstances should it be torn off or picked out. |
| 3rd day | First signs of healing. A thin layer of epithelium begins to form on the wound. |
| 3 – 4 days | Granulations form at the site of the wound - connective tissue, which is involved in the healing process. |
| 7 – 8 days | The clot has already been almost completely replaced by granulations. Only a small part of it inside the hole is preserved. On the outside, the wound is actively covered with epithelium. New bone tissue begins to form inside. |
| 14 – 18 days | The wound at the site of the extracted tooth is completely overgrown with epithelium. The clot inside is completely replaced by granulations, and bone tissue begins to grow into them. |
| 30 days | New bone tissue fills almost the entire hole. |
| 2 – 3 months | The entire hole is filled with bone tissue. |
| 4 months | The bone tissue inside the socket acquires the same structure as the upper or lower jaw. The height of the edges of the socket and alveoli decreases by approximately 1/3 of the height of the tooth root. The alveolar ridge becomes thinner. |
The wound at the site of the extracted tooth goes through all the described stages only if prosthetics are not performed.
What should you do after tooth extraction?
Usually, after tooth extraction, the dentist gives recommendations to the patient. If they are strictly followed, you can either avoid toothache completely or significantly reduce its intensity and duration.- Avoid physical activity. Rest should be passive whenever possible. At least during the first two days after tooth extraction.
- Do not eat during the first 2–3 hours after the procedure. Food injures the fresh wound and leads to pain, which can subsequently persist for a long time.
- For several days, you should not chew food on the side where the tooth was removed.
- Avoid smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages for several days. Cigarette smoke and ethanol irritate the mucous membrane of the gums, provoke the development and intensification of pain.
- Do not touch the hole with your tongue, touch it with toothpicks or any other objects. There is a blood clot in the socket, which is very important for healing. If food particles get into the hole while chewing, then you should not try to remove them: you can remove the clot along with them. It is better to rinse your mouth after eating.
- Mouth rinses after tooth extraction are useful. But you shouldn't start them from day one.
- If the pain intensifies, you can take painkillers. But before doing this, it is highly advisable to consult a doctor.
How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction?
Mouth rinses can be started from the second day after tooth extraction. In this case, solutions prescribed by the dentist are used. | A drug | Description | Application |
| Chlorhexidine | Antiseptic. Used to prevent infection of the socket after tooth extraction. Sold in pharmacies as a ready-made 0.05% aqueous solution for mouth rinsing that has a bitter taste. | Rinse your mouth several times a day. While rinsing, keep the solution in the mouth for at least 1 minute. |
| Miramistin | Antiseptic solution. Its ability to destroy pathogens is inferior to chlorhexidine solution, but is active against herpes viruses. Available in bottles that come with a spray nozzle. | Rinse your mouth with Miramistin solution 2 - 3 times a day. While rinsing, keep the solution in the mouth for 1 - 3 minutes. |
| Soda-salt baths | Rinse your mouth with a strong solution of salt and table soda. As a rule, it is recommended by dentists in cases where there is an inflammatory process in the gum, when an incision was made in order to release pus. | |
| Herbal infusions | Sold ready-made in pharmacies. It is preferable to use infusions of chamomile, calendula, and eucalyptus. They have a weak antiseptic effect (much weaker than Chlorhexidine or Miramistin) | Rinse your mouth 2 – 3 times a day. While rinsing, keep the solution in the mouth for 1 to 3 minutes. |
| Furacilin solution | Furacilin is an antimicrobial agent that is effective against many types of pathogens. Available in two forms:
| Rinse your mouth 2 – 3 times a day. While rinsing, keep the solution in the mouth for 1 to 3 minutes. |
How to rinse your mouth properly after tooth extraction?
On the first day after tooth extraction, mouth rinses are not performed. The blood clot that is in the hole is still very weak and can be easily removed. But it is extremely important for normal healing. Start rinsing your mouth from day 2, as prescribed by the dentist. In this case, intensive rinsing is unacceptable, as it can lead to the removal of a blood clot. Baths are performed: the patient takes a small amount of liquid into the mouth and holds it near the hole for 1 to 3 minutes. The liquid is then spat out.
How to eat properly after tooth extraction?
In the first 2 hours after tooth extraction, you must refrain from eating. During the first day, you should not eat hot food, as it will irritate the wound and lead to increased pain. - eat only soft foods
- avoid sweets and very hot foods
- do not drink drinks through a straw
- give up alcohol
- do not use toothpicks: replace them with mouth rinses (baths) after each meal
How long can a socket bleed after tooth extraction?
Bleeding after tooth extraction may continue for several hours. If during this time an admixture of ichor appears in the saliva, this is normal. Measures that can be taken if severe bleeding occurs several hours after tooth extraction:
- Bite the gauze swab on the hole and hold it for a while. The bleeding must stop.
- Apply cold to the place where the extracted tooth is located.
Swelling of the cheek after tooth extraction
Causes.
Tooth extraction is considered a microsurgical intervention in dentistry. This is a trauma for the tissues of the oral cavity. After complex extractions (irregularly shaped tooth roots, lack of a crown, removal of a wisdom tooth), swelling almost always develops. Usually it is not very pronounced and does not last long (depending on the complexity of the intervention). If the swelling is quite severe and persists for a long time, then most likely it is caused by an inflammatory process.
Possible causes of the inflammatory process that causes swelling of the cheek after tooth extraction:
- errors in the doctor’s compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during tooth extraction
- violation of the dentist's recommendations by the patient
- insufficient sanitation (cleansing of pathogenic microorganisms) by the dentist of the wound after tooth extraction
- allergic reactions on medications, which were used during the manipulation;
- decrease in the patient's immune defenses
What to do?
If after tooth extraction there is slight swelling on the face, its resorption can be accelerated by the following measures:- in the first few hours - applying cold to the cheek
- subsequently, apply dry heat.
- the swelling is very pronounced
- swelling does not go away for a long time
- severe pain occurs that lasts for a long time
- body temperature rises to 39 – 40⁰C
- the patient’s general well-being is disrupted: headache, increased fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy occur
- over time, these symptoms not only do not decrease, but also increase even more
Increase in body temperature after tooth extraction
Causes.
Normally, body temperature can rise within 38⁰C for no longer than 1 day. Otherwise, we can talk about the development of an inflammatory process. Its causes and main symptoms are similar to those described above when considering cheek swelling.What to do?
If the body temperature rises within 38⁰C on the first day, it is enough to simply follow the recommendations given by the dentist. If the temperature rises and persists for a long time, you must visit the dentist or call a doctor at home.Complications after tooth extraction.
Dry hole.
Dry socket– the most common complication after tooth extraction. It is this that is the main cause of the development of a more serious complication - alveolitis. Causes of dry socket:
- no blood clot formed in the socket after tooth extraction
- a clot formed, but was then removed due to eating hard foods on the first day after removal, rinsing too vigorously, and trying to remove food trapped in the socket using toothpicks and other hard objects.
If you suspect that you have this complication, you need to visit the dentist as soon as possible. As a rule, the doctor applies compresses to the tooth with medicinal substances and gives the patient further recommendations. The main goals of dry socket treatment are to speed up the healing process and prevent the development of alveolitis.
Alveolitis.
Alveolitis– inflammation of the dental alveolus, the cavity in which the tooth root was located.Causes of alveolitis:
- The patient’s violation of the dentist’s recommendations after tooth extraction and the rules of oral hygiene.
- Damage and removal of a blood clot located in the socket. Most often this happens when trying to get stuck food particles out, during intense rinsing.
- Insufficient treatment of the hole, violation by the dentist of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during tooth extraction.
- Reduced immunity in the patient.
- A few days after tooth extraction, the pain increases with renewed vigor and does not go away.
- Increased body temperature over 38⁰C.
- The appearance of a characteristic bad breath.
- Touching the gums is accompanied by severe pain.
- Deterioration of the patient's well-being: headache, increased fatigue, drowsiness.
Treatment of alveolitis
If the symptoms described above occur, you should immediately visit your dentist.
Activities that take place in the dentist's office:
- Anesthesia (injection into the gums of a solution of lidocaine or novocaine).
- Removing the infected blood clot, thoroughly cleaning the socket.
- If necessary - curettage holes - scraping it, removing all foreign bodies and granulations.
- Treating the inner surface of the hole with antiseptic solutions.
- A tampon soaked in medicine is placed on the hole.
Antibiotics used
| Drug name | Description | Mode of application |
| Josamycin (Valprofen) | Strong enough antibacterial drug, which rarely, unlike others, develops resistance on the part of microorganisms. Effectively destroys most pathogens inflammatory diseases oral cavity. Available in the form of 500 mg tablets. | Adults and adolescents over 14 years of age take the drug in a dosage of 1–2 g per day (usually initially prescribed 1 tablet of 500 mg once a day). The tablet is swallowed whole, washed down with a small amount of water. |
| Hexalize | Combination drug, which includes the following components:
| Adults are prescribed 1 tablet every 2 hours. Maximum daily dose– 8 tablets. |
| Hexasprey | Almost an analogue of Hexaliz. The active substance is Biclotymol. The drug is available in cans as a spray for spraying in the mouth. | Inhalation is carried out 3 times a day, 2 injections. |
| Gramicidin (Grammidin) | Grammidin is a powerful antibiotic that destroys most pathogens present in the oral cavity. Available in the form of lozenges, each of which contains 1.5 mg of active substance (corresponding to 500 action units). | Prescription for adults and children over 12 years of age: 2 tablets 4 times a day (take one tablet, 20 minutes later - the second). Prescription for children under 12 years of age: 1 – 2 tablets 4 times a day. Total duration Taking Gramicidin for alveolitis usually lasts from 5 to 6 days. |
| Neomycin (synonyms: Colimycin, Mycerin, Soframycin, Furamycetin) | Antibiotic wide range– effective against a large number of types of microorganisms. | After cleaning the hole, the dentist puts powder into it Neomycin and covers it with a tampon. Soon after this, pain and other symptoms of alveolitis disappear. It is often necessary to repeat the procedure after 1 – 2 days. |
| Olethetrin | Combined antibacterial drug. Is a mixture Oleandromycin And Tetracycline in a ratio of 1:2. | Olethetrin used similarly Neomycin: Antibiotic powder is placed in the hole. Sometimes antibiotics are added to reduce pain. local anesthetic– anesthesin. |
Complications of alveolitis:
- periostitis– inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw
- abscesses and phlegmons– ulcers under the mucous membrane, skin
- osteomyelitis– inflammation of the jaw
Rare complications after tooth extraction
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is a purulent inflammation of the upper or lower jaw. Usually a complication of alveolitis. Symptoms of osteomyelitis of the jaw:
- severe pain that gets worse over time
- pronounced swelling on the face at the site of the extracted tooth
- increase in body temperature
- health problems: headaches, increased fatigue, drowsiness
- subsequently, inflammation can spread to neighboring teeth, involving increasingly larger areas of bone, while the patient’s well-being worsens
Directions of treatment:
- surgical intervention
- use of antibiotics
Nerve damage
Sometimes, during tooth extraction, a nearby nerve may be damaged. This happens when the tooth root has an irregular, complex shape, or when the dentist is insufficiently experienced.If the nerve is damaged during tooth extraction, numbness of the oral mucosa in the cheeks, lips, tongue, and palate is observed (depending on the location of the tooth). Nerve injuries are usually minor and resolve within a few days. If recovery does not occur, you should consult a doctor. Physiotherapy will be prescribed.
After tooth extraction - if the tooth and gums hurt after removal, rules of conduct for preventing complications, what to do after wisdom tooth removal, how many days does it take for the hole to heal?
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Tooth removal (extraction)- This is an invasive surgical procedure. That is, the procedure for tooth extraction is an operation with all the signs and normal consequences inherent in this manipulation, as well as possible complications. Of course, tooth extraction is a small operation compared to, for example, removal of uterine fibroids, part of the stomach for peptic ulcers, etc., and therefore is considered a relatively simple intervention with minimal risks. In terms of volume, degree of complexity, likelihood of complications, as well as the behavior of tissues after the intervention, tooth extraction can be compared with minor enucleation operations benign tumors(lipomas, fibromas, etc.) or erosions on the surface of the mucous membranes.Symptoms that normally occur after tooth extraction
During tooth extraction operations, the integrity of the mucous membrane is damaged, blood vessels and nerves, as well as damage to the ligaments, muscles and other soft tissues in the immediate vicinity that held the roots of the tooth in the socket. Accordingly, in the area of damaged tissue, a local inflammatory process is formed, necessary for their healing, which is characterized by the following symptoms: - Bleeding (lasts for 30 – 180 minutes after tooth extraction);
- Pain in the area of the extracted tooth, radiating to nearby tissues and organs (for example, ear, nose, neighboring teeth, etc.);
- Swelling in the area of the extracted tooth or surrounding tissues (for example, cheeks, gums, etc.);
- Redness of the mucous membranes in the area of the extracted tooth;
- Moderate increase in body temperature or sensation of heat in the area of the extracted tooth;
- Violation of the normal functioning of the jaw (inability to chew on the side of the extracted tooth, pain when opening the mouth wide, etc.).
In addition, after tooth extraction, a fairly deep hole remains in which the roots were previously located. Within 30 to 180 minutes, blood may ooze from the socket, which is a normal tissue reaction to damage. After two hours, the blood should stop, and a clot should form in the hole, which covers most of its surface, creating sterile conditions for speedy healing and recovery normal structure fabrics. If blood flows for more than two hours after tooth extraction, then you should consult a dentist, who will either stitch the wound or perform other manipulations necessary to stop the bleeding.
On the gum along the edges of the hole there is a damaged mucous membrane, since in order to remove a tooth it must be peeled off, thus exposing its neck and root. Inside the socket are damaged ligaments and muscles that previously held the tooth securely in its place, that is, in the hole in the jawbone. In addition, at the bottom of the hole there are fragments of nerves and blood vessels that previously entered through the root of the tooth into its pulp, providing nutrition, supplying oxygen and providing sensitivity. After the tooth was removed, these nerves and blood vessels were torn.
That is, after removing a tooth in its area former localization Various damaged tissues remain, which must heal over time. Until these tissues heal, a person will experience pain, swelling, swelling and redness in the area of the tooth socket and the surrounding gum, which is normal.
As a rule, after the removal of a tooth (even a complex one), shallow traumatic injuries to soft tissues remain, which completely heal within a relatively short period of time - 7 - 10 days. However, filling the hole with bone tissue, which replaces the root of the tooth and gives the jawbone density, takes much longer - from 4 to 8 months. But this should not be feared, since pain, swelling, redness and other symptoms of inflammation disappear after the healing of the soft tissues, and the filling of the hole with bone elements occurs within several months unnoticed by a person, since it is not accompanied by any clinical symptoms. That is, the symptoms of inflammation (pain, swelling, redness, temperature) after tooth extraction persist only until the mucous membrane, muscles and ligaments heal, and the torn blood vessels collapse. After this, the process of formation of bone tissue in the socket instead of the root of the extracted tooth is asymptomatic and, accordingly, unnoticed by a person.
Rules of conduct after tooth extraction
Despite the relatively small amount of damage, tooth extraction is surgery, and therefore, after its production, it is necessary to follow certain rules, the effects of which are aimed at minimizing the risk of infectious and inflammatory complications and maximizing the acceleration of the healing process and restoration of normal tissue structure. In fact, various activities after tooth extraction must be performed for a limited period of time during which the soft tissues heal, that is, within 7 to 14 days. After the integrity of the soft tissues is restored, you can lead a normal lifestyle, since the overgrowth of the hole with bone tissue occurs independently, asymptomatically and does not require the person to follow any rules. Rules of behavior after tooth extraction help to minimize these discomfort, accelerating tissue healing and preventing complications.
So, after tooth extraction, you should definitely adhere to the following rules:
- If the dentist, after removing a tooth, gives you to bite on a special tampon soaked in medicine, then it should be left in the mouth for at least 20 - 30 minutes. Only after half an hour can the tampon be removed;
- Do not rinse, spit out or otherwise remove a blood clot that has formed in the socket within 24 hours after tooth extraction;
- Do not touch the socket and surrounding tissues with your tongue, hands, toothpicks or any other objects (even sterile ones);
- For 24 hours after tooth extraction, you should not suck in any liquids that create a vacuum effect in the oral cavity (for example, drinking through a straw, pulling water from a spoon with your lips, etc.), as this may lead to the removal of the clot from the socket and , as a result, to increased pain, swelling and redness, as well as to the appearance of bleeding;
- Do not engage in sports or physical labor for two days after tooth extraction. This does not mean that you can’t do anything; on the contrary, any light housework (washing dishes, vacuuming, dusting, etc.) is completely acceptable and even useful, since it distracts you from unpleasant feelings and painful thoughts. And you need to avoid physical activities that require strong muscle tension (for example, active training, hard work, etc.);
- For 24 hours after tooth extraction, do not go to the bathhouse, sauna, take a hot shower or overheat in the sun;
- Do not heat the area from which the tooth was removed, as this can provoke an increase in the amount of inflammation, and therefore increased pain, increased swelling and redness, as well as an increase in body temperature;
- For 2–3 hours after tooth extraction, avoid eating food, since pieces of food can further injure the wound and prolong the healing period of soft tissues;
- For several days after tooth extraction, until the pain goes away, you should eat and drink only warm foods, since cold and hot foods can cause increased pain, swelling and other symptoms of tissue damage;
- For several days after tooth extraction, you should avoid hot and spicy seasonings, as well as foods with sour and strong tastes, as they can provoke re-bleeding;
- For several (3 – 7) days, do not chew on the side of the jaw from which the tooth was removed;
- If pieces of food get into the hole while eating, you should not remove them with your fingers, toothpicks or any other objects, as this may lead to accidental removal of the clot, which is unacceptable. It is better to rinse these pieces of food with water after eating;
- Within 3–7 days after tooth extraction, you should stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages, since tobacco smoke and ethyl alcohol irritate and dry out the mucous membranes, causing increased pain syndrome and increasing the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications;
- Within 24 hours after tooth extraction, you should not rinse your mouth so as not to remove the clot from the socket. In the following days, it is necessary to regularly rinse your mouth carefully with various antiseptic solutions or water and salt;
- You should not use a toothbrush for 8 hours after tooth extraction. In the following days, you need to brush your teeth twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, but at the same time be careful in moving the brush in the area of the extracted tooth;
- If pain that occurs after tooth extraction is poorly tolerated, you should take painkillers from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for example, Paracetamol, Ketorol, Ketanov, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide, etc.;
- To reduce sensitivity, it is recommended to take antihistamines (for example, Erius, Telfast, Zyrtec, Cetirizine, Parlazin, Suprastin, Telfast, etc.) in standard dosages for 7–10 days after tooth extraction;
- For a week after tooth extraction, you should avoid drafts and contact with people suffering from influenza, acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis and other similar diseases, and also avoid hypothermia;
- If the tooth was removed due to existing infectious and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity (for example, periodontitis, gingivitis, gumboil, etc.), then after the operation broad-spectrum antibiotics should be taken for 7 to 10 days.
Applying cold to the cheek in the area of an extracted tooth is routine, that is, in all cases it should not be, since, on the one hand, it reduces swelling, pain and inflammation, but on the other hand, it reduces the activity of local immunity, which, in turn, significantly increases risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications. However, if the bleeding after tooth extraction does not stop within 30 minutes, then cold can be applied to the cheek for 15 to 40 minutes. In other cases, it is not recommended to use cold to reduce swelling, redness and pain.
Is it possible to smoke after tooth extraction?
You should not smoke for at least 24 hours after tooth extraction for two reasons. Firstly, drawing smoke into the lungs causes a vacuum effect in the oral cavity, as a result of which the clot can escape from the hole, which will provoke re-bleeding, prolong the wound healing period and increase the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications. Secondly, tobacco smoke dries and irritates the oral mucosa, which also significantly increases the risk of complications.A day after tooth extraction, you can start smoking, but this should be done with caution and in a minimal amount. In general, it is recommended to quit smoking for 7–10 days after tooth extraction.
Rules of conduct after wisdom tooth removal
The general rules of behavior after the removal of a wisdom tooth do not differ from those after the removal of any other tooth. Therefore, after removing a wisdom tooth, you must adhere to general rules outlined in the section above.Healing after tooth extraction (how long does it take for a tooth to heal after extraction)
Stages of healing
The duration of tissue healing after tooth extraction is individual for each person and can vary quite widely, since it depends on the complexity of the manipulation performed, the volume of injured tissue, the presence of infectious and inflammatory complications before, during or after the operation, as well as on the speed of reparative processes. However, there are general approximate time frames for wound healing after tooth extraction that you can rely on.So, the wound in the form of a hole left after tooth extraction heals completely within 2 - 3 weeks. During this time, the hole is filled with granulation tissue, and its surface is completely covered with epithelium. That is, the surface of the hole becomes the same as the gum surrounding it. From this moment on, you can safely chew on the side of the jaw from which the tooth was removed, eat your favorite foods without restrictions and, in principle, lead a normal lifestyle. The healing of the hole occurs the faster, the smaller the volume of tissue that was damaged during tooth extraction. That is, a hole from a single-rooted tooth heals faster (in approximately 16–18 days) than from a multi-rooted tooth (in approximately 19–23 days). In addition, it should be remembered that in the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes that occurred before, during or after tooth extraction, the hole will take 1 to 2 weeks longer to heal.
If the wound turns out to be too large (for example, when removing teeth with incorrectly located roots, etc.), then to tighten the edges of the wound and, accordingly, to ensure optimal and fast healing, stitches are applied. Self-absorbing or regular threads can be used for sutures. If regular threads were used, the dentist removes them 5–7 days after tooth extraction, and self-absorbable suture material left in tissues. There is no need to be afraid of sutures, since their presence does not indicate complications and does not prolong the healing process of the hole.
However, the healing of the hole is the end of only the stage of healing of soft tissues, since the repair process after tooth extraction, which consists in the formation of bone at the site of the root of the extracted tooth, will continue for about 4 to 8 months. But all subsequent stages of healing will take place unnoticed by the person himself, but you still need to know and remember about them.
Approximately 2 weeks after tooth extraction, second phase reparation, which consists in the formation of bone tissue elements on the bottom and side walls of the socket, which slowly grow, filling its entire volume. After about 6–7 weeks, the entire socket is filled with young bone tissue. This completes the second stage of reparation.
Next begins third stage reparation, which consists of compacting young bone tissue and forming mature bone from it, which will have sufficient strength to replace the tooth root in the jaw structure. The formation of mature bone in the socket of an extracted tooth occurs after 3–4 months.
After the formation of mature bone, the last one begins, fourth stage reparation, which consists in the complete fusion of newly formed bone tissue with the previously existing one (jaw bone). The fusion of the bone tissue of the socket with the jaw bone occurs approximately 4–6 months after tooth extraction in the absence of complications and by 6–10 months in case of a complicated course of the postoperative period. After completing this stage x-rays it is impossible to distinguish the former socket from the surrounding bone. And it is after the complete fusion of the bone tissue of the socket and jaw that the repair process started by the body after tooth extraction is completed.
Socket (clot) after tooth extraction
On the first day After a tooth is removed, a blood clot forms in the socket, which closes it to approximately 2/3 of its depth. The clot looks like a dark red or even burgundy formation visible in the hole. This clot cannot be removed, since it is necessary to stop bleeding, the wound healing process and the prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications. By 3 – 4 days after removal, white thin films appear on the surface of the hole, which represent young epithelium, and therefore should not be afraid of them. These films should not be torn off or removed, as they are a sign of a normal healing process. However, if the films are not white, but grayish, yellow, green or any other shade, then this may indicate the development of infectious and inflammatory complications, and therefore, if they appear, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. A few days after the appearance of white films, the entire hole becomes white, which is also normal.
On 7 – 8 days after tooth extraction, a thin layer of transparent epithelium appears on the surface of the socket, through which white granulation tissue is visible.
By 14 – 23 days the hole is completely covered with epithelium (mucous membrane), and young bone tissue begins to form in its depths.
By 30 days After tooth extraction, the entire hole under the epithelium layer is filled with young, newly formed bone tissue.
After 4 – 6 months the socket is completely filled with bone tissue, which merges with the surrounding jaw bone. On the outside, the hole, overgrown with bone, is covered with epithelium, but the thickness of the gum in the area of the extracted tooth is reduced. In addition, the height of the edge of the overgrown hole is approximately 1/3 lower than that of the surrounding teeth.
Normal and pathological symptoms that occur after tooth extraction
Let's consider various symptoms, which can occur after tooth extraction and we will briefly describe when they are normal and when they indicate pathology.White hole after tooth extraction
Normally, by the 3rd day after tooth extraction, the hole is covered with a thin white film, which indicates the beginning of healing. By 4–5 days the entire socket becomes white, which is also normal. Therefore, if the color of the hole is white, and not some other shade, and there is no unpleasant odor coming from the oral cavity, then this only indicates the normal course of the healing process.However, if films of grayish, yellowish, reddish or any other shade except white appear on the hole, or an unpleasant odor emanates from the oral cavity, then this indicates the beginning of the development of an infectious-inflammatory complication. In this case, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Tooth or gum pain after extraction
Since tooth extraction is an operation, during its implementation the integrity of the gum tissue, muscles and ligaments that held the tooth in the socket is damaged, and blood vessels and nerves are also torn. Naturally, such damage is accompanied inflammatory reaction, which manifests itself as pain, swelling and redness. Accordingly, pain in the gum or in the socket in the area of the extracted tooth is a normal reaction of the body to tissue damage.Typically, pain after tooth extraction is felt for 5–7 days in the area of the hole or next to it, after which it disappears completely. When removing the eighth, seventh or sixth teeth, pain may spread to the ear, since the injured tissues are located close to the structures auditory analyzer. Sometimes the pain spreads to the joint area, making it difficult for a person to open his mouth and chew. All these options pain are variants of the norm, provided that the pain does not intensify over time. Doctors recommend taking painkillers for a week after tooth extraction so as not to endure excruciating and unpleasant pain.
However, if the pain begins to intensify rather than subside, or a fever appears, or general health worsens, then this indicates an infection and requires urgent medical attention. In other cases, pain is a normal reaction and does not require any special treatment other than painkillers.
Nerve damage After tooth extraction, it is fixed relatively often, but this complication is not severe. As a rule, the nerve is damaged when the roots of a tooth are branched or incorrectly located, which, during the process of removal from the gum tissue, capture and tear a branch of the nerve. When the nerve is damaged, a person experiences numbness in the cheeks, lips, tongue, or palate that lasts for several days. As a rule, after 3 to 4 days, the numbness goes away as the damaged nerve heals and the complication heals itself. However, if numbness persists a week after tooth extraction, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures necessary to accelerate the healing of the damaged nerve. It should be remembered that sooner or later the nerve damaged during tooth extraction heals and the numbness disappears.
Photo after tooth extraction
This photograph shows the hole immediately after tooth extraction.
This photograph shows a hole after tooth extraction in the stage of normal healing.
