Tablets for chills without fever. Chills - causes, symptoms and treatment

Chills with vegetative-vascular dystonia are one of the many manifestations of autonomic disorder nervous system. Trembling appears during a panic attack, strong emotions, but also happens at rest. It is not easy for the patient to cope with this unpleasant symptom, but chills do not pose a danger to the patient’s health. Correctly selected treatment helps reduce the frequency of tremors and internal cold.

Internal trembling may also occur in healthy person as a consequence of a nervous shock. Such reasons include the death of loved ones, separation or loss of a loved one, major quarrels, anxiety before important event in life (exam, interview). In such a situation, the autonomic nervous system goes into a state of overexcitation and functions in an enhanced mode. In some cases, the body cannot cope with the load, and malfunctions occur.

Chills with VSD occur like this:

1. Due to a tense situation, a large amount of stress hormones enters the bloodstream.
2. The response to a hormonal surge is muscle tension, increased blood pressure and increased heart rate.
3. The lumen narrows blood vessels supplying organs abdominal cavity who begin to suffer from insufficient oxygen supply and ischemia.
4. The body directs all efforts to ensure adequate blood supply to the brain and heart.
5. As a result of these processes, the temperature in the abdominal cavity decreases. To compensate for this condition, involuntary contraction of the muscles occurs, their trembling to produce additional heat.
6. This phenomenon occurs within a few minutes. There is no threat to life or health.

Chills in a person who does not suffer from VSD are rare, while the patient gets chills with dystonia with different frequency. This condition can occur during rest or after sleep. At first there are only contractions abdominal wall, then the muscles of the trunk and sometimes the limbs are involved in the process. This is due to the fact that abdominal contractions are not able to warm the entire body.

Symptoms accompanying tremor

Chills are accompanied by characteristic muscle tremors and a feeling of cold. Contraction of various muscles, including mastication, may be observed, and “goosebumps” run across the skin. At this moment, the patient feels the need to wear warm clothes, even if the weather is hot. The appearance of goose bumps on the body is external sign such a state.

Numerous symptoms - internal trembling, fear for one’s life, high blood pressure- are not the only signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Besides, Patients note the appearance of the following symptoms:

• arrhythmias (the heart stops or beats desperately in the chest);
• breathing becomes more frequent, shortness of breath may occur;
• irritability, anxiety and nervousness;
• numbness of the limbs;
• feeling weak and tired.

You can distinguish an attack of dystonia from other diseases by the following signs:

1. The connection between the attack and emotional experiences. After panic attack and nervous shocks, the skin becomes “goosey”.
2. Short term. The temperature during VSD increases for several minutes or even seconds, while in infectious diseases hyperthermia can last for a day or more.
3. Reception sedatives reduces the severity of symptoms.

Pressure during VSD can rise sharply along with the appearance of chills. Experts refer to such conditions as circulatory disorders. Along with these symptoms, a person is worried about anxiety, loss of strength and headaches.

Main causes of internal cold

Chills appear under the influence of a number of factors. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between normal tremor and pathological one. After physical activity, a healthy person may experience trembling in the legs, and in a patient this condition can be considered a sign varicose veins veins Normally, a person may experience such sensations as a result of drinking alcoholic beverages, tea or coffee, as well as during physical fatigue, hypothermia and emotional shock.

Causes of chills and accompanying symptoms lasting more than half a month may be:

• depressive states;
• frequent panic attacks;
• infectious processes;
• regular stressful situations;
• cerebrovascular accidents due to traumatic brain injury;
• prolonged stay in a room with stale air;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, pathologies of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland, dysfunction gastrointestinal tract, epileptic seizures);
• unbalanced diet and nutritional deficiencies;
• menopause;
• insufficient drinking regime or excessive loss of moisture;
• taking certain medications (glucocorticosteroids, antiasthmatic drugs, antidepressants and antipsychotics).

Any of these reasons leads to the depletion of nervous system cells, which cease to receive the required amount of nutrients. This leads to frustration and disruptions in their work.

Thermoregulation disorders and internal trembling caused by an excited autonomic nervous system in response to a threat. After receiving bad news or a stressful situation, a person begins to fear for his future. For this reason, he is overcome by tension and anxiety. The concentration of adrenaline in the blood increases sharply.

Under the influence of the fear hormone, muscles begin to contract internal organs, skeletal and vascular muscle fibers, heart rate accelerates, blood pressure increases. In the abdominal area, a sharp narrowing of blood vessels occurs, and warm blood moves to the heart and brain. All of the above reactions are aimed at ensuring that during a panic attack the body is able to cope and quickly return to normal.

At these moments, the patient feels internal cold and chills, freezing him so much that signals are sent from the thermoregulation center to urgently increase the temperature. Therefore, after 2-3 minutes from the onset of the attack, the temperature becomes subfebrile (+37.0...+37.5°C).

Tremors in the extremities can accompany tremors in the abdomen if the body cannot warm up. After normalization of the condition, the person feels weakness throughout the body.

Who to contact and how to treat internal vibration

If trembling and chills occur, you should consult an endocrinologist, neurologist, cardiologist and psychotherapist. Success in treatment of VSD consists of changing lifestyle, not the amount of medications taken. The main goal of treatment is to restore normal functioning of the nervous system. Patients with VSD are recommended to:

• adhere to healthy eating rules;
• increase physical activity;
• learn to cope with stress;
• Take mild sedatives prescribed by your doctor.

And a little about secrets

Choosing to exercise instead of wrapping yourself in warm clothes is the right decision. It is enough just to do a light warm-up and move a little to overcome the unpleasant condition. At the same time, it is important to ensure the flow fresh air into the room by opening the window.

An important role is played by the normalization of sleep and rest, as well as visits to a psychotherapist and auto-training. Constant work on yourself will save you from unpleasant symptoms and will have a positive effect on your health.

5

Health 02/20/2018

Dear readers, you all know the feeling of chills when it freezes and goosebumps appear on your body. In this case, an unpleasant ache in the joints usually occurs. Most often, the causes of chills are trivial - colds. But why do many people feel chills even in a healthy state? With what it can be connected?

Constant chills are a reason to consult a doctor. It is necessary to understand possible reasons with the help of a specialist. But first, read the information in this article. Doctor highest category Evgenia Nabrodova will tell you what to do when you have a chill and how dangerous it is for your health. I give her the floor.

Hello, readers of Irina's blog! Chills are a feeling of cold, which is accompanied by trembling and the appearance of goosebumps. An increase in body temperature is also possible. When it goes down severe chills passes. But this happens with infections when a person is sick. And many people, especially women, develop chills without fever and without signs of illness. Let's look at the reasons for periodic chilling.

Chills at fever can occur in adults and children. This condition is understandable: hyperthermia increases the body’s heat production and reduces its release during external environment. This is what causes the feeling of chills. Usually, after taking antipyretics, chilling disappears.

Parents are often faced with the fact that their child has severe chills with a fever and they do not know what to do to combat severe trembling, which can result in convulsions and even hallucinations. We often hear that lowering the temperature below 38.5°C is not recommended. But a one-size-fits-all approach is not always applicable, especially for children.

If a child has chills due to infectious diseases and high fever, if the baby is shaking, give him antipyretics as soon as possible or call doctors to administer a lytic mixture.

Chills at fever in adults are much easier than in children. High fever is an indication for the use of antipyretics. But such drugs act symptomatically. They do not replace medications aimed at combating viruses and infectious pathogens.

If high fever and chills do not disappear during treatment, you should consult a specialist as soon as possible. This sign may indicate a secondary infection. There are often cases when a banal acute respiratory infection is complicated by pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, and delay in dealing with these diseases can cost you your health and even your life.

Mild chilling is actually a concern for many people. It happens that you are at home on the weekend, when the room temperature is constant, and suddenly it starts to “freeze” a little. The main cause of chills without fever in women is the functioning of the nervous system. If you are naturally impulsive or, due to various reasons, are in a state of nervous overstrain, slight chilling appears.

Other causes of chills without fever:

• physical or psycho-emotional fatigue;
• decreased blood pressure and hemoglobin;
• long break between meals, prolonged hunger;
• chronic fatigue syndrome;
• menopausal changes in the body;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• viral liver diseases, alcoholic and fatty cirrhosis;
• diseases of the thyroid gland and other endocrine pathologies;
• circulatory disorders.

There are certain diseases and conditions that reduce the production of heat in the body, which leads to the feeling of constant chills without fever. If chilling becomes constant, be sure to consult a doctor and get examined.

What to do if you have constant chills

So, what to do if you have a chill? First of all, you need to see a therapist. This universal specialist has knowledge from various fields of medicine and will be able to suspect the development of certain diseases, and most importantly, he will give directions for tests. But if necessary, diagnostics today can be done for a fee and without first consulting a doctor.

Thyroid examination

Responsible primarily for the process of thermoregulation in our body thyroid. It needs to be checked first. IN last years often detected autoimmune thyroiditis, which is accompanied by the production of antibodies and destruction of thyroid cells. As a result, the iron can no longer cope with the main hormonal function and this is partly reflected in the process of thermoregulation.

To determine the causes of severe chills without fever, you must first donate blood for triiodothyronine (T3), a hormone that is responsible for energy metabolism. If it decreases below 1 nmol/l, it is recommended to further examine the thyroid gland and find out the causes of hormonal imbalance.

Thyroiditis for a long time occurs without symptoms. The development of the disease can be suspected not only by constant chills with or without fever, but also by other signs:

• cardiopalmus;
• increased sweating;
• trembling in the limbs;
• increased fatigue and weakness;
• sleep disorders;
• weight loss.

If, in addition to chills, there are other suspicious manifestations, get tested for thyroid hormones. If thyroiditis is detected, hormonal correction will be required.

Work is responsible for heat transfer in the body circulatory system. If you suffer from severe chills without fever, the causes of this disorder in women and men may be associated with anemia and low hemoglobin. Oxygen is vital, as it is responsible for energy processes and heat production. The main carrier of oxygen is hemoglobin. When it decreases, energy exchange slows down, and the person begins to constantly freeze.

• pale skin;
• fast fatiguability;
• the appearance of shortness of breath even with a slight increase in physical activity;
• weakness;
• dizziness, cases of loss of consciousness;
• deterioration of the condition of the skin, hair and nails.

The risk of a decrease in hemoglobin is increased in people who have chronic gastrointestinal diseases, in particular - a violation of the intestinal microflora, ulcerative colitis, stomach ulcers. Anemia is also often detected in pregnant women, and with low hemoglobin, the likelihood of oxygen starvation of the fetus increases sharply.

Anemic conditions in childhood are quite dangerous. If your child has chills without fever, be sure to make an appointment with your pediatrician and have your baby donate blood for hemoglobin. This analysis is the simplest and most accessible, and in just a few hours you will be able to find out whether the baby has anemia or is shivering for other reasons.

Blog articles to help you:

I suggest watching a video about the main causes of constant chills. Specialists help to understand the problem from a medical point of view.

Chills and menopause

The feeling of chills is familiar to many men and women who are on the verge of menopause. Due to hormonal changes in the body, the process of thermoregulation changes. The result is periodic chilling. - main reason chills without fever in men and women. In this case, other symptoms usually occur: increased sweating, hot flashes, a feeling of heat that appears mainly at night, irritability, and a severe decrease in performance.

Timely hormonal correction helps solve the problem. But under no circumstances prescribe hormones without prior diagnosis and consultation with a specialist.

With the onset of spring, many people rush to enjoy the warmth of the sun and warm up properly in the sun. But excessive insolation leads not only to burns, but also to prolonged chills. Conditions that are accompanied by the appearance of blisters and severe redness, dizziness, severe weakness. With such symptoms, the help of a specialist is required!

Minor burns are usually treated at home. First of all, you need to hide from direct sunlight. You need to drink as much fluid as possible to stop dehydration and smooth out the manifestations of intoxication in the body. When blisters are opened, the skin must be disinfected. It can be treated with alcohol or furatsilin solution. Afterwards, the areas with blisters are covered with sterile material that allows air to pass through.

Cannot be used on the first day after receipt sunburn oil and any fat bases. It is better to treat the tissues with indomethacin ointment and use anti-inflammatory painkillers internally. Bepanten helps well with burns.

If you plan to spend a long time at the beach, stay in the shade rather than in direct sunlight. And be sure to use sunscreen cosmetics.

Chills during pregnancy

Chills during pregnancy early stages familiar to most women. I would immediately like to reassure you: chilling in this position is considered normal if there are no signs of infections or exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Chills during pregnancy are associated with an increase in the production of progesterone, the main hormone that is responsible for the safety of the unborn child and its preservation in the womb. Hormonal changes change the functioning of the thermoregulation center, causing the woman to feel very chilly.

Chills during pregnancy are so common that many have begun to determine the sex of the child by this sign. It is believed that when a woman has severe chills, she gives birth to girls. Have you noticed such a connection? Personally, I was very chilled with my first child, and it was actually a girl. But I think this is just a sign.

Sometimes chills in a pregnant woman are not associated with physiological changes. And in this case, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible. Any infections and intoxications, especially in the early stages, can cause miscarriage and fading of pregnancy.

When is chills during pregnancy dangerous?

Every pregnant woman should beware of infections, to which she, alas, is prone due to decreased activity of the immune system. This mechanism allows you to maintain pregnancy. But chills do not always indicate hormonal changes in the body. Sometimes this sign signals the development of serious disorders in the body of the expectant mother.

Watch out for the following symptoms:

• severe chills, combined with nausea and uncontrollable vomiting;
• increased body temperature;
• bowel dysfunction (diarrhea or constipation);
• rare fetal movements;
• increased blood pressure;
• increased heart rate, shortness of breath;
• the appearance of pronounced edema.

Chills in combination with nausea, vomiting and swelling may indicate a pathological course of toxicosis or the development of gestosis (later). If the woman is not helped, the child may die. Toxicosis and gestosis of pregnancy can result in life-threatening complications (preeclampsia, eclampsia). Sometimes the gynecologist insists on hospitalization, and you should not refuse this. In the hospital, doctors will be able to determine exactly what is causing constant chills and other associated symptoms.

Chills without fever are a fairly common symptom of some diseases. Of course, more often it is accompanied by an increase in body temperature and the appearance of muscle tremors and spasms.

Constant chills may be a reaction of the human body to increased thermogenesis. In addition to fever, trembling and spasms, it is characterized by pale skin, the formation of “goose bumps”, a feeling of cold, lack of sweating, etc.

It should be noted that chills without fever are a consequence of long-term or occur during an acute febrile reaction to any processes (infectious, autoimmune, allergic and others). The most common and well-known causes of a febrile state in humans are malaria, sepsis, inflammatory processes in organs with the formation of pus, the acute phase of lupus erythematosus, etc.

The main ones may be mechanical injuries body, vegetative-vascular dystonia, neurotic diseases, hypertension or increased arterial pressure, infections and viruses, hypothermia, fever and others. Also, very often a constant feeling of cold occurs when the thyroid gland is malfunctioning and endocrine system. This is due to the fact that the thyroid gland is capable of secreting a certain group of hormones that take part in the process of thermoregulation. human body. Accordingly, when this function decreases, the patient develops this symptom.

The presence of infectious diseases also causes chills in a person. In this case, when a harmful virus penetrates, special substances are produced. The body begins to secrete pyrogens, which can destroy the virus on its own. But at the same time there is an increase in blood temperature and, as a result, the whole body. In the process of equalizing these indicators, a person feels trembling and chills.

The appearance of trembling, which is characterized by chills without fever, is associated with a sharp narrowing of the walls of the blood vessels of the skin, as a result of which blood flow significantly slows down. This is what leads to chilliness and cessation of sweating. It should be noted that in addition to trembling, tinnitus, nausea and chills throughout the body may appear.

Very often, chills without fever or chills are a symptom of nervous overexcitation or occur during severe fright. In this case, it performs the function of protecting the body from environmental influences. Therefore, in diseases of the nervous system, such phenomena can occur quite often.
To get rid of unpleasant symptoms, it is advisable to start treatment on time. As a rule, when elevated temperature it is necessary to give the victim an antipyretic; in no case should he be subjected to cooling procedures, which may aggravate the situation.

Of course, when you have a chill, it is advisable to drink a large amount of liquid (mostly acidic) and ensure yourself peace. The best option is various herbal decoctions, berry fruit drinks, a solution of lemon juice or acid. If there is no high temperature, then you can take a hot bath and drink Herb tea with the addition of honey or raspberry jam. After the procedure, provide warmth (wool socks, blanket).

To withdraw harmful substances from the body, brew lingonberry leaves, as this remedy has a diuretic effect. Never drink alcoholic beverages, which cause vasodilation and increase blood pressure. As a rule, after this the patient’s general well-being worsens, muscle weakness and dizziness appear.

Chills are a subjective feeling of coldness, chilliness that occurs due to a sharp spasm skin vessels and a decrease in body temperature due to freezing. With chills, shivering, muscle tremors, and “goose bumps” occur.

Due to vascular spasm, less heat is released into the external environment, but as a result of muscle tremors, the body creates more energy and heat. This warms the body from the inside and stabilizes body temperature. The chill goes away.

The most common cause of chills is acute infectious diseases with increased body temperature (fever). At the very beginning of fever, chills occur as a result of spasm of small skin vessels, and then as the temperature rises, the chills disappear.

But sometimes chills appear without connection with fever and cold, in itself as a phenomenon or as a symptom various diseases and pathologies, injuries.

It is worth remembering that chills are not a disease, but a physiological reaction of the body to changes in temperature and changes in metabolism, it is a way of regulating thermogenesis (constancy of body temperature and heat production). Sometimes chills occur even with excitement, stress, overwork, low blood pressure, before or during menstruation in women, during pregnancy in the first trimester.

Causes of chills

The main cause of chills without fever is hypothermia and freezing of the body. At the same time, lips and fingernails turn blue, the skin of the face and body turns white, lethargy and weakness occur, and the temperature decreases.

In this case, you need to drink hot tea, take a warm bath, put on warm socks and clothes, and warm up. If this does not help, it is important to call doctors - perhaps hypothermia was deeper and stronger than you expected.

Chills can occur with high blood pressure, then it will be accompanied by weakness and headaches, chills in the area chest and hands It usually occurs in evening time, after stress, is accompanied by a pronounced increase in blood pressure numbers. You need to calm down, take blood pressure medication or call ambulance. High blood pressure is dangerous due to cerebral hemorrhages and heart attacks.

Chills can be a sign of hormonal disorders during menopause, diabetes mellitus, or a disorder of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Then a consultation with an endocrinologist and blood tests for hormone levels are necessary.

No less often, chills occur as a result of disorders in the digestive system - against the background of nausea or abdominal pain, as a result of metabolic disorders and autonomic innervation in the stomach and intestines.

Often chills without fever occur against the background of some indolent or chronic infections, such as tuberculosis or syphilis.

One of the rare, but most unpleasant reasons chills is Raynaud's disease - an intermittent vegetative spasm of the blood vessels of the hands, especially often occurring when temperatures change.

Chills can be a sign of internal bleeding, due to severe circulatory disorders and spasm of small blood vessels in the skin.

Chills often occur as a reaction to stress, extreme excitement, or emotional arousal. A glass of water, deep breathing and taking sedatives will help here.

Should chills be treated?

Chills in themselves are just a symptom of certain problems in the body. It does not need to be treated, the reasons that caused it must be eliminated.

In order to get rid of unpleasant subjective sensations, you need to wrap yourself in a blanket, take a warm bath or shower, drink hot liquid, and calm down. It is prohibited to consume alcohol for the purpose of warming and various drugs without the consent of the doctor.

Every person in his life has encountered such a phenomenon as chills. Its occurrence is possible due to the fact that the human body is a complex biological mechanism in which constantly occurring metabolic processes are accompanied by the release of large amounts of heat. However, humans, unlike reptiles and some other species of living beings, have a relatively stable body temperature, strong fluctuations of which can lead to fatal outcome. When the need to warm the body arises, a number of processes are launched aimed at reducing output and increasing heat production, which leads to an increase in body temperature. As a rule, this complex process is in some cases accompanied by the appearance of chills.

Chills

Chills are a subjective feeling of freezing, accompanied by spasm of skin blood vessels and body tremors, the occurrence of which occurs as a result of convulsive muscle contractions.

The thermoregulation center is responsible for the occurrence of chills, the main task of which is to maintain body temperature within physiological limits. The importance of this process is due to the structural features of the body. Thus, a large number of biochemical processes associated with movement, mental activity, breathing and digestion are constantly occurring in the human body. For their normal functioning, the participation of enzymes is necessary - special proteins that can change their functions at the slightest temperature fluctuations. The greatest danger to life comes from too high promotion temperature, which can lead to irreversible denaturation of proteins (enzymes), making respiration at the cellular level impossible. When the thermoregulatory center perceives body temperature as low, this leads to increased heat production and decreased heat loss, which may be accompanied by chills.

To the development of chills in a child infancy due to freezing, a number of factors predispose:

• imperfection of thermoregulation processes;
• a relatively greater amount of body surface area per kilogram of body weight than in adults;
• low muscle mass.

Nature has tried to compensate for these traits by increasing the intensity of metabolic processes (accompanied by the release of heat) and increasing the amount of subcutaneous fatty tissue (not only has good heat-insulating properties, but is also a source of energy). In this regard, parents should pay considerable attention to the state of the child’s body temperature.

Also, the appearance of severe chills in a child can be caused by stressful situation, which is associated with sensitivity and impressionability in childhood.

Chills in a child in most cases are associated with infectious processes. A number of features predispose to this. Thus, in children, immunity is in the process of maturation, especially in the period before the onset of school age. Also great importance has the fact that the immune system after birth, it is exposed to a huge number of antigens, which is a significant burden on it after development in a sterile environment during the prenatal period. The prevalence of infectious diseases in the preschool period is greatly influenced by child behavior associated with curiosity, when children put all sorts of objects in their mouths without first washing them. In addition, in large groups of children, usually in kindergartens, epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases are observed. In such cases, chills in the child are the first manifestation of the disease.

Symptoms of body chills in children are in most cases noticeable from the outside. As a rule, the child experiences slight tremors (even convulsions), increased fatigue, drowsiness, and irritability. Small children may cry for a long time.

However, the cause of chills in a child can also be banal hypothermia, associated with a miscalculation by the parents when dressing the child before going outside. In such cases, it is important to know that hypothermia can also occur at ambient temperatures above zero.

Symptoms and causes of chills in adolescents are usually no different from those in adults.

Chills in adults

The causes of chills in women and men, as a rule, differ slightly. A much greater influence on the development of chills is exerted not by characteristics associated with gender, but by such individual characteristics, such as the age of the patients, body mass index, the presence of hormonal imbalances, characteristics of work and nutrition.

Most common reasons chills in women and men of young and mature age are hypothermia and infectious processes.

Hypothermia occurs most often during the cold season, when the outside temperature in some regions drops significantly below zero, but this can occur even in the summer. As a rule, parameters such as air temperature and humidity have a significant impact on the balance between heat transfer and thermoregulation, which makes it possible to cool the body below physiological temperature.

The development of chills can be influenced by such a feature of the human body as daily temperature fluctuations. Thus, the highest body temperature is observed during wakefulness, but normally it rarely exceeds 37 degrees, while during sleep its decrease can reach 35.5 degrees Celsius.

As a rule, the incidence of injuries among men is greater than among women. This is due not only to lifestyle characteristics, but also to more frequent participation in armed conflicts. Also, according to statistics, 69% of road accidents occur due to the fault of men (most likely due to the fact that there are more drivers among them).

Chills during injuries are caused by the breakdown of the affected tissues, as well as the addition of infectious complications.

In men, especially in the Russian Federation, alcoholism is a common and serious problem. In some cases alcohol intoxication leads to the development of severe chills, the cause of which is the toxic effect of ethyl alcohol and its breakdown products on the nervous system. It is also possible to develop serious multiple organ failure, which requires immediate assistance.

Chills in women

As a rule, chills in women can be a manifestation of chronic infectious processes in the area of ​​the uterus and its appendages. Of particular danger to life is the development of sepsis, a life-threatening condition, the likelihood of which is highest after a criminal abortion complicated by a bacterial or viral infection.

Often the cause of chills is a change in hormonal levels, which is typical for hypothyroidism, menopause and diabetes.

Chills can be one of the manifestations of loss of a significant volume of blood, which is most often found with internal bleeding. This is due to impaired blood supply to organs, which disrupts metabolism at the tissue level.

In cases of panic and stress, women with a demonstrative character may also experience severe chills that go away after calming down.

At the beginning of pregnancy, chills can be a manifestation of increased synthesis of progesterone, the concentration of which does not decrease during pregnancy, which increases basal body temperature. This is a normal phenomenon that should not be feared, especially if the body temperature does not exceed 37 degrees. The duration of this condition can be 8 weeks while the woman’s body adapts to new changes.

The appearance of chills during pregnancy, especially in combination with signs of damage respiratory tract, may indicate a cold. This etiology, as a rule, is also supported by an increase in temperature above 37 degrees. Diseases such as measles, rubella and mumps pose a particular danger in the early stages. In some cases, women try to cope with infectious diseases on their own by reading various advice on the Internet, which is a fundamentally wrong action. Thus, the drugs taken may not only be ineffective, but also have teratogenic properties (especially dangerous in the early stages).

Chills during pregnancy can be one of the manifestations of her fading. As a rule, in such cases, the appearance of chills is caused by intoxication and is observed 2-3 weeks after the cessation of fetal development. There is also a decrease in signs of toxicosis in pregnant women.

Regardless of the severity of the symptoms, chills during pregnancy are a reason to seek advice from a specialist who can choose the right treatment.

Chills while breastfeeding

Chills in women during breastfeeding can be a manifestation of lactostasis - a process when, 3-4 days after birth, milk stagnates in some areas of the mammary gland. The reason for this phenomenon is, as a rule, underdevelopment milk ducts, especially in first-time mothers. Reabsorption of milk, which has pyrogenic properties, causes the development of chills. In the future, the lack of treatment for lactostasis may be complicated by the addition of mastitis.

Also chills in early period after childbirth may not be related to feeding, especially if a caesarean section was performed. The cause may be an infectious process in the area of ​​surgical intervention.

With age, irreversible changes occur in the body associated with aging. They are also significantly influenced by accompanying illnesses, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and heart disease complicated by heart failure. As a result, the combination of these diseases leads to a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes responsible for heat production. In addition, chills can be one of the manifestations of chronic heart failure, which is associated with impaired blood supply to organs and tissues, resulting in a decrease in their temperature.

Also, older people are characterized by low body weight, which is associated with smaller volumes of muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat compared to adults. As a result of this, not only a decrease in heat production occurs, but also an increase in heat transfer.

The combination of these factors, along with changes in hormonal levels, lead to a decrease in the body’s resistance to the development of hypothermia in old age, which often causes chills.

It is also common for older people to take a large number of medications, side effects which may be associated with the development of chills.

In old age, chronic infectious diseases often become widespread, the clinical picture of which is blurred, which is associated with a deterioration of the immune response. As a rule, there is a slight fever, the appearance of which is accompanied by chills of the body.

Unfortunately, oncological diseases V Lately are becoming increasingly widespread. Chills in such situations are part of the paraneoplastic syndrome - a set of symptoms accompanying the appearance malignant tumor. In addition, chemotherapy courses may be accompanied by severe chills and other manifestations of intoxication, the occurrence of which is associated with the breakdown of tumor tissue.

In most cases, the symptoms of chills allow one to suspect some kind of pathology in a person, especially if he is unable to help himself (children, people in a state of severe intoxication, the elderly).

The most common manifestations of chills include:

• subjective feeling of cold;
• trembling in the muscles of the body and limbs;
• pale skin;
• spasm of the smooth muscles of the skin, which is accompanied by the appearance of “goose bumps”.

Symptoms of chills can vary widely. This is associated, as a rule, not so much with the difference between the ambient temperature and the surface of the skin, but with the degree of excitability of the thermoregulatory center.

Mild chills

Mild chills occur, as a rule, most often and are a typical manifestation of the body’s beginning to cool, the cause of which, in most cases, is an underestimation of weather conditions before going outside.

Also, in some cases, chilling may occur - subjective feeling cold, not accompanied external manifestations chills caused by excitement.

Severe chills

Severe chills may indicate the development of pathological processes in the body and should alert the patient. Depending on the cause of its development, a set of measures should be taken to eliminate them.

The main reasons that cause severe chills are intoxication and severe excitement. In such cases, the patient's severe trembling can reach convulsions, often accompanied by a decrease in the clarity of thought processes. Such people require help.

The degree of change in body temperature during chills is one of the most important diagnostic criteria, allowing one to determine not only the cause of its development, but also the severity of the general condition of the body.

Moreover, the appearance of chills may occur both when the temperature rises and when it decreases. From this we can conclude that chills are a nonspecific symptom, and therefore the provision of assistance when it occurs may vary significantly.

The mechanism of development of body chills

To understand the processes that occur when body chills appear, one should understand what the mechanism of thermoregulation is.

Normally, the human body maintains a balance between receiving and losing heat, which ensures a relatively constant temperature internal environments body. This became possible thanks to the constant work of central thermogenesis and the maintenance of a gradient in the distribution of thermal energy between the internal and external parts of the body, which is associated with different thermal conductivity of the body tissues. Yes, subcutaneous fatty tissue And skin, with spasmodic vessels, they conduct heat much worse compared to blood, muscles and other internal organs. An example of the presence of a gradient is the difference between the temperature in the rectum and distal sections limbs.

Cold and thermal receptors are responsible for receiving information about the cooling or heating of external integuments and internal organs, the operation of which depends on two parameters - the degree of their excitability and the temperature of the area in which they are located.

When the skin or internal organs are cooled, the activity of cold receptors increases, after which the signal arising in them is transmitted to the supraoptic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, which causes a decrease in heat transfer and an increase in heat production. Also, information about a decrease in temperature can be transmitted through the activation of thermosensitive neurons of the hypothalamus upon their contact with cooled blood (temperature fluctuations of tenths of a degree are detected, which allows timely adjustment of the temperature balance).

Very often, a change in the sensitivity of skin receptors or hypothalamic neurons under the influence of various substances circulating in the blood leads to a disruption in the perception of information about the real state of temperature balance.

Activation of the supraoptic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus triggers a number of processes leading to:

• narrowing of blood vessels in the skin, which allows not only to reduce its thermal conductivity, but also to reduce heat transfer through cooling the blood;
• activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is accompanied by the release of stress hormones, causing an acceleration of metabolic reactions, accompanied by the burning of carbohydrates and fats, resulting in the release of a significant amount of heat (newborns have brown adipose tissue, which saves them from freezing);
• activation of the extrapyramidal system leading to stimulation skeletal muscles, which is manifested by systemic tremors (for muscle contraction, the presence of ATP is necessary, the breakdown of which is associated with the release of energy).

Thus, if we consider the mechanism of thermoregulation, the main purpose of chills is to increase body temperature.

In addition, the occurrence of body chills is associated with the appearance of mental discomfort, which has a significant impact on a person’s behavior associated with warming up (he puts on warmer clothes or enters a room with a higher air temperature).

Chills with increased body temperature are a very common symptom and, as a rule, are observed in conditions of the body accompanied by intoxication varying degrees expressiveness.

However, chills when the temperature rises are not always observed. Thus, if the increase in body temperature occurred gradually over a long period of time, or heat production initially significantly prevailed over heat transfer (with intense physical activity), then chills are not observed, since there is no biological meaning in its occurrence.

Causes of chills

Exists great amount reasons that can cause chills.

So, chills can occur when:

• infectious processes accompanied by the release of pyrogens (colds, flu, pancreatitis, hepatitis, purulent diseases, sepsis, etc.);
• injuries (both with damage to the nervous system and accompanied by extensive tissue necrosis);
• endocrine disorders (hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, adrenal hypofunction);
• hypothermia;
• shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, traumatic, infectious-toxic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic);
• stress in excitable people.

However, in some cases, chills are accompanied by a number of features that suggest one or another reason for the appearance of this symptom.

Chills without fever

Normal body temperature during chills is quite common and, in most cases, allows one to exclude the infectious nature of the process. Although, there are situations when chills without fever are observed during prolonged, sluggish chronic infections, such as tuberculosis or syphilis. It should be noted that much more often these diseases, even when the course is erased, are still accompanied by a slight increase in temperature (usually subfebrile).

Chills without fever can occur with hypothermia - when the body cannot cope with the task and cannot independently raise the temperature (observed with hypothermia in people low nutrition and requires urgent warming).

Also, the appearance of chills without fever may be a manifestation of severe metabolic disorders, accompanied by both damage to the nervous system and a decrease in heat production as a result of impaired systemic circulation. The reasons for this phenomenon are usually endocrine pathology and multiple organ failure of various etiologies.

The cause of chills without fever can be anemia, which leads to disruption of the transport of oxygen and nutrients, which causes disruption of metabolic processes in organs and tissues. Also with this condition, weakness, dizziness, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, pale skin and mucous membranes are observed.

Chills and increased body temperature are normally part of a single process of thermoregulation. Oddly enough, fever has protective functions and its occurrence is adaptive in nature.

Thus, an increase in temperature to 38.5 degrees is accompanied by:

• decreased viability of bacteria in the blood;
• an increase in the rate of metabolic reactions by 10 times or more;
• increased activity of the cellular and humoral components of immunity;
• increasing the body's resistance to hypoxia by enhancing the efficiency of oxidative processes.

However, when the temperature rises above 38.5 degrees, the effectiveness of some physiological reactions may decrease as a result of impaired enzyme function.

During chills, high body temperature develops under the influence of pyrogens - substances that affect the anterior hypothalamus and increase the sensitivity of thermosensitive neurons, which leads to a predominance of heat production over heat transfer.

In most cases, pyrogens are endogenous in nature and their appearance can be associated both with an infectious process and with the breakdown of one’s own tissues. In some cases, exogenous pyrogens may enter the body, which will cause an increase in temperature. In this case, chills will most often be accompanied by other signs of intoxication - weakness, fatigue, a feeling of weakness, sweating.

Most often, infectious diseases have a prodromal period, during which the pathogen multiplies and fights against the body’s immune forces. In some cases, during this period, increased fatigue and weakness are observed, but no increase in temperature is noted. At high temperature shivering begins, as a rule, when its values ​​are at a normal level and accompanies it until its growth is stopped. It is the appearance of fever that indicates the height of the disease.

As a rule, in such situations it is recommended to consult a specialist who can make a diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment. It is not recommended to wrap yourself tightly in warm clothes, apply mustard plasters and use other methods that involve heating the body.

Sharp chills at a high temperature associated with injury should alert the patient, since a large number of damaged tissues (whether it is a burn or the result of direct traumatic exposure) serves as a favorable environment for the attachment of bacteria that can lead to an infectious process.

Chills and pain

Chills and pain are common manifestations of various diseases. Pain characteristics such as localization, duration, and intensity play a significant role in determining the cause of these symptoms.

The appearance of pain is a protective reaction of the body, the purpose of which is to transmit information about damage to organs or tissues. As a rule, its occurrence is accompanied by the release of stress hormones, leading to severe anxiety, one of the manifestations of which is chills.

Chills and abdominal pain may result from such serious illnesses non-infectious nature, like acute pancreatitis And peptic ulcer when it is perforated. The cause of chills in this case is strong excitement associated with unbearable pain, and enter the bloodstream biologically active substances from the site of inflammation.

If chills and pain are a consequence of traumatic exposure, then local changes at the site of injury are also observed. For chills to develop in the absence of infections, the volume of damage must be significant or accompanied by blood loss, the absorption of breakdown products of which also has a pyrogenic effect. As a rule, with timely contact with a specialist, proper treatment and the absence of infection, a favorable outcome is observed.

The addition of infection to injuries is accompanied by a significant increase in fever, chills and pain. In further development infectious process can lead to such unpleasant complications as:

• abscess;
• phlegmon;
• osteomyelitis;
• sepsis.

If comprehensive treatment is not started, the risk of death increases significantly.

Nausea and chills may occur during menstruation in women. A number of reasons can lead to these symptoms.

Chills during menstruation most often occur as a result of changes in the ratios and concentrations of sex hormones that occur when changing stages of the menstrual cycle.

The occurrence of nausea may be associated with an excess of hormones, which is especially common when taking oral contraceptives.

So, in some cases, the uterus may deviate slightly back, as a result of which during menstruation it begins to put pressure on the nerve centers, which leads to nausea, heaviness in the lower abdominal cavity, as well as pain radiating to the lower back and sacrum.

Nausea and chills can be a manifestation of early toxicosis in pregnant women, often becoming the first symptoms to suspect pregnancy. Their occurrence is associated with the adaptation of the mother’s body to new conditions.

Nausea and chills can be a manifestation of panic, attacks of which can be characterized as sudden fear. The prevalence of this phenomenon is about 2% among the population. As a rule, the first attacks occur in at a young age, periodically accompanying a person throughout his life. Subsequently, the fear of their reoccurrence is called panic attacks.

Nausea and chills may be a symptom of acute renal failure, arising as a result of urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, hydronephrosis and other diseases accompanied by damage to renal tissue.

Chills at night

Chills at night are often found in older people, which is associated with age-related changes. As a rule, with age, the intensity and efficiency of ongoing metabolic processes decreases, which, along with a decrease in the mass of muscle and fat tissue, leads to hypothermia. Cooling the body triggers a series of processes whose purpose is to increase body temperature. Chills are one of the manifestations of these processes.

Chills during sleep, in most cases, are a consequence of excessive sweating, which can occur under the influence of a significant number of factors. A person wakes up in a cold sweat, which helps cool the body. The body's actions aimed at warming the body are accompanied by the development of chills.

At night, body chills can occur in diabetics and be a consequence of a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma. As a rule, a feeling of heat, tremors of the limbs and body, headaches, hunger, rapid heartbeat, increased sweating and general weakness are also observed. In most cases, the cause of development this state becomes a lack of glucose control.

Chills at night combined with sweating and a feeling of heat in people with low body weight, especially in poor living conditions, may be a manifestation of a disease such as tuberculosis.

In some cases, chills at night are associated with night terrors, in which the patient experiences vivid events associated with stress, which leads to nervous overstrain and increased sweating.

The reason for the development of chills at night may be changes in hormonal levels, accompanied by changes in metabolism. As a rule, the cause of these disorders can be damage to the thyroid gland and adrenal glands. In women, the appearance of chills is typical for menopause. In most cases, hormonal changes are associated with excessive sweating, which leads to the development of chills.

Headache and chills can be a manifestation of vegetative or panic migraine. Typically, an attack of this type of migraine is accompanied by rapid heartbeat, lacrimation, a feeling of suffocation and swelling of the face. Migraine is the primary form of cephalgia, the main manifestation of which is intense, paroxysmal headaches. The first signs of the disease are observed before the age of 20 years.

In this condition, you should differential diagnosis with tumor diseases, which requires MRI.

Headache and chills, combined with meningeal symptoms and severe intoxication may be a manifestation of meningitis. With this disease, bacterial inflammation of the meningeal membranes is observed, requiring immediate treatment due to possible complications.

Chills, headache And high fever(temperature can usually exceed 38°C), in combination with signs of respiratory tract damage, may be a manifestation of influenza - an acute viral infection. Photophobia, a feeling of weakness, and drowsiness may also be observed.

Headache and chills without fever, combined with weakness, a feeling of heat, polyuria and tension in the neck muscles can be observed with hypertensive cerebral crisis. As a rule, symptoms of chills in this case occur in the evening, after stress. If after the measurement your blood pressure is high, it is recommended to call an ambulance, as there is a risk of brain damage due to a stroke.

Consequences ischemic stroke There may be numbness of the limbs, paralysis, deterioration of speech, frequent headaches and chills. As a rule, the development of this disease is due to the progression of atherosclerosis, and therefore there is a risk of developing repeated attacks, to prevent which a patency assessment should be carried out great vessels brain

In some cases, a concussion is accompanied not only by a violation of its functions (as a rule, a short-term loss of consciousness and memory of events before the injury develops), but also by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, thirst, weakness, chills and headache. Possible loss of orientation in space.

Do you get chills for no reason?

Sometimes people wonder if chills can occur for no reason. Typically, this occurs when they detect the onset of chills that are not accompanied by other symptoms of the disease.

This may be due to the low expression of other pathological manifestations, and with the patient’s adaptation to the symptoms as they gradually develop. As a rule, a deeper study of the problem allows you to find a number of other signs of the disease that allow you to make a diagnosis.

Thus, if a patient complains of chills for no apparent reason, the following should be done:

• thorough visual inspection;
• conducting functional tests;
• clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies.

The most common cause leading to nausea, fever, chills and vomiting is foodborne illness. This disease can be caused by a group of pathogens, but they are united by a common pathogenesis. Thus, in most cases, foodborne toxic infection is caused by representatives of opportunistic human flora, which, under the influence of environmental factors, change their biological properties and are able to synthesize exotoxins.

The transmission mechanism for this group of diseases is fecal-oral. A prerequisite is the entry of pathogens into food products with a subsequent increase in the number of pathogenic organisms and the exotoxins they release, which requires a certain time. The following types of food are most often contaminated: milk, dairy products, meat, fish, confectionery products containing cream.

In some cases, it is not possible to distinguish spoiled products from normal ones, which is due to the lack of color and odor in some exotoxins.

After consuming contaminated foods, foodborne pathogens begin to colonize the digestive tract. As a rule, a significant part of pathogenic organisms penetrates the mucous membrane, where, when they encounter the body’s immune forces, they die with the release of endotoxin, the appearance of which in the blood determines the development of such signs of intoxication as fatigue, weakness and chills. Vomiting and other signs of digestive disorders are caused by both the action of exotoxin (secretory diarrhea) and inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal mucosa (exudative diarrhea). Operational disruptions digestive system are fraught with disruption of the body’s water and electrolyte balance, which can lead to serious consequences, especially in young children. In this regard, efforts in providing assistance should be aimed not only at eliminating the pathogen, but also at compensating for water and electrolyte metabolism.

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting without chills and fever can result from food intoxication. With this disease, bacteria enter food, where they multiply and release significant amounts of exotoxins. The difference from foodborne toxic infection is the absence of colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogens, and therefore the clinical picture is dominated by symptoms of dysfunction of the digestive system, while manifestations of intoxication are slightly expressed. As a rule, after 2-3 days the symptoms of the disease disappear on their own.

In severe cases, with severe dehydration, nausea, vomiting and chills can be a manifestation of food intoxication. However, the occurrence of chills is not associated with systemic action pathogen, but with a significant change in the water-electrolyte balance, which leads to multiple organ failure, accompanied by impaired metabolic processes.

Nausea, chills, temperature

Nausea, chills and fever are typical signs of intoxication of the body, accompanying inflammatory processes in the body of both infectious and non-infectious nature.

Infectious diseases leading to intoxication of the body can be either acute (sore throat, flu, pneumonia) or chronic (chronic abscess accompanied by severe intoxication).

Non-infectious lesions of internal organs, accompanied by nausea, chills and fever, are usually represented by necrotic processes in one’s own tissues.

Causes of chills without obvious signs lesions of other organs and systems may be associated with oncological processes. Systemic manifestations tumor process caused by nonspecific reactions on the part of unaffected organs and systems and are called paraneoplastic syndrome. As a rule, a feature of a malignant neoplasm is a high growth rate and the predominance of anaerobic respiration, due to the inability of the body to meet the needs of the tumor, which can rightfully be considered a nutrient trap. An increasing discrepancy between the needs of the tumor and the body’s ability to provide it with nutrients, against the background of progressive local lactic acidosis (as a result of the inability to fully oxidize glucose), leads to the formation of first minor and then massive necrosis of tumor tissue. Also, the appearance of metastases, in most cases, is accompanied by the destruction of normal tissues of the body. Against the background of the changes described above, a person experiences severe intoxication, the manifestation of which is general weakness, increased fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, chills and fever. Due to a lack of nutrients, in most cases there is significant weight loss. Treatment and outcome of the disease usually depend on the specific clinical situation.

If sharp chills occurred as a result of sudden hypothermia or developed hypothermia, a set of measures must be taken to eliminate the cold and warm the patient. As a rule, wrapping in warm clothing is used. Warm drinks are also recommended. Taking small doses of alcohol can only be justified if the person is already in a warm room and the causes of hypothermia have been eliminated. Drinking alcohol while still being exposed to the causes that caused hypothermia will lead to dilation of blood vessels in the skin, which will significantly increase heat transfer and lead to a deterioration in the body's condition.

As a rule, in other cases, eliminating the cause, one of the manifestations of which is severe chills, allows you to get rid of this symptom.