The human musculoskeletal system consists of many joints. One of them is the knee joint. Its structure is quite complex, and its dimensions are one of the largest. The structure of the knee provides it with the ability to withstand heavy loads and carry out normal motor activity. Multifunctionality and complex structure are the reason for rapid wear of the joint. Let's consider anatomical structure knee
Classification Features
Structure of the knee joint
According to arthrology, the branch of anatomy that studies bony joints, the knee joint has a complex classification. In terms of structure, it belongs to complex joints, since it contains menisci. The shape of the knee is a condylar joint. This means that the bones that form the joint have a head at its base, the shape of which resembles an ellipse. In fact, the condylar joints are an intermediate state between the trochlear and ellipsoidal shapes.
If we take the number of axes of motion as the basis for the classification, then the knee joint should be classified as a biaxial type. According to its biomechanical properties, this joint belongs to a complex form.
What bones form a joint
The knee joint is formed by several bones:
- femoral;
- tibial;
- kneecap or patella.
The femur and tibia have an epiphysis. Or a rounded, often extended ending tubular bone, which forms a joint with the adjacent bone. The epiphysis, in turn, has a thickening or condyles. At the femur it has a convex shape, and at the tibia it is flat. The condyles are covered with cartilaginous tissue, represented by a hyaline substance consisting of collagen.
Surface tibia Because of its flat shape, it is often called the tibial plateau. It consists of two parts:
- medial plateau, which is located on inside bone formation;
- lateral plateau.
Diagram of the structure of the knee joint
The thickness of hyaline cartilage is no more than five millimeters. It maintains smoothness despite regular friction due to the knee bending and unbending. Elastic properties have a shock-absorbing effect on the joint.
The patella is a sesamoid bone. This means that the kneecap is located in the thickness of the tendon and lies on the surface of other bones. Its inner side is covered with cartilage, which ensures easy sliding of the elements of the bone joint. The patella affects the quality characteristics of the muscular system and also performs a blocking function.
In fact, the joint consists of two articulations - the femorotibial and femoro-supraglacial.
Inside the joint, at the ends of the tibia and femur, there are plates of cartilage - menisci, dividing it into two equal parts. They act as spacers between the surfaces of bones, helping to evenly distribute the load exerted on the articular surfaces.
The biomechanics of the knee is quite complex. It provides motor functions in several planes:
- sagittal or vertical;
- frontal;
- horizontal.
Each of these planes ensures the movement of the joint in the following directions:
- flexion-extension;
- rotary or rotational;
- sliding;
- rolling.
The purpose of the last two movements is to cushion the joint during sudden compression loads, jumping, running in cases where the soft tissues are various reasons turn out to be unable to completely compensate and absorb all the impact energy. The articular parts of the bones slide (hence the name of the direction) in the cavity to maintain supporting force.
Rolling movements indicate that the articular parts of the bones have shifted. Thus, the body reduces the amount of load on the joint in cases where extension and/or flexion is anatomically incorrect. The ability of the joint head to rotate around its own axis allows it to be distributed evenly.
Common bone diseases
Knee-joint
The complex biomechanics and anatomy of the knee joint explain not only the stability, but also the instability of the joint. The latter, in turn, causes the frequent development of fractures of internal elements, their dislocations and subluxations. Naturally, the knee joint bears the most intense loads, which explains the fact that it is in it that complex fractures are diagnosed more often than in other joints. They are often accompanied by peeling of the upper layers of bones and migration of fragments into the cavity of the bones.
The tissues of the knee, like other similar formations, are susceptible to degenerative and inflammatory pathologies - arthrosis and arthritis.
Arthrosis, which is also correctly called gonarthrosis, refers to conditions that progress extremely slowly. The pathology initially develops in the cartilage of the knee. However, if you ignore clinical manifestations arthrosis moves to the bones of the joint.
Progression of the condition leads to deformation articular bones- this state is called arthrosis deformans. It negatively affects physical activity, limiting or even stopping completely.
Arthritis or drives – inflammatory process in an acute joint. Its development is due to the presence of a systemic infection in the body or arthritis is a complication of other diseases.
Experts call bones a frame on which soft tissues are attached, which are responsible for strengthening the knee joint, as well as stabilizing its motor function.
Cartilaginous structures
Knee joint cartilage
The inside of the knee joint is lined with cartilage tissue. Their main tasks:
- soften friction;
- load absorption;
- protection of bone tissue from wear.
Cartilage absorbs from the synovial membrane, as well as nearby tissues nutrients, which are then sent to the bone tissues, saturating them and providing a basis for growth and regeneration.
The main elements of the knee joint are the menisci. They help strengthen the knee joint and are responsible for the smooth movement of all parts of the joints. Cartilaginous formations act as a lining that promotes uniform distribution body weight and providing shock absorption during movement. The photo reflects the structure of the meniscus.
Important! Any, even minor, damage to the meniscus leads to the development of degenerative conditions.
The thickness of the meniscus is uneven. The lowest rate is observed in the central part; along the edges the cartilage is thicker. Due to this feature, a small depression is formed, which helps to evenly distribute the load and ensure stability of the limb.
At the edges, the menisci are connected to the articular capsule by the menisco-tibial and menisco-femoral ligaments. The joint movement occurs between the femoral condyles and the upper part of the menisci due to the strength and rigidity of the menisco-tibial ligaments.
The free edge of the meniscus, facing the center, has no vessels at all. In an adult, blood vessels contain exclusively peripheral areas, which account for ¼ of the entire width of the meniscus.
Ligaments and tendons of the knee joint
The ligamentous apparatus of the articulation consists of several elements:
- internal ligaments (they are located intra-articular cavity);
- external (those that surround the joint) tendons and muscles - they are responsible for stabilizing the joint and connecting all elements.
Photo: Ligaments and tendons of the knee joint
A unique, unparalleled feature of the knee joint is the cruciate ligaments - anterior and posterior. Being inside the joint, from its internal cavity they separate synovial membrane.
On average, the thickness of the anterior ligament reaches 10 mm, length – 35 mm. The ends of the ligament are equally wide. One originates in the posterior parts of the inner surface of the outer condyle of the femur. The second is attached anterior to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. Ligaments are formed by many fibers, which are combined into two bundles.
The bundles of fibers allow the ligament to maintain its tension regardless of the position of the joint. The main functional task of the anterior cruciate ligament is to prevent subluxation of the lateral condyle of the tibia.
Posterior cruciate ligament parameters:
- thickness – 15 mm;
- length – 30 mm.
The ligament originates in the anterior sections of the inner surface of the inner condyle of the femur. The other end is attached in the area of the intercondylar fossa of the tibia. Some of the fibers of the ligament are woven into the posterior sections of the articular capsule.
Important! Experts call the main function of the posterior cruciate ligament to prevent excessive extension of the tibia. It consists of two bundles - the main anterolateral and posteromedial, the significance of which is secondary. Experts say that the posterior cruciate ligament duplicates the meniscofemoral ligaments.
Stabilization of the joint along the inner surface is provided by the medial collateral ligament. It prevents anterior deviation of the tibia and subluxation of its medial condyle. The ligament consists of two parts:
- superficial– it has a stabilizing function. Consists of long fibers that spread fan-shaped from the internal epicondyle of the femur to the medial meiaepiphyseal portion of the tibial bone formation;
- deep– formed by short fibers. They are related to medial meniscus, form the meniscofemoral and meniscotibial ligaments. WITH back side The posteromedial portion of the articular capsule is located in the deep lobe of the medial collateral ligament, without which it is impossible to organize the stability of the articulation.
Lateral ligament
The posteromedial section contains long fibers oriented in the posterocadual direction. The second name is the posterior oblique ligament. Functionally, it is similar to the medial collateral ligament.
Recently, there has been a tendency to distinguish the posterior oblique ligament as an independent one, separate structure. It is important for maintaining the stability of the medial as well as posteromedial parts of the capsular ligamentous apparatus. The second name for the latter formations is the posteromedial angle of the knee joint.
The capsular-ligamentous apparatus has two sections - lateral and posterolateral. Together they are a junction of ligamentous-tendon structures, which are medically called the posterolateral ligamentous-tendon complex. Its function is to stabilize the posterolateral parts of the articulation. In general, functionally the structures of the complex are closely related to the posterior cruciate ligament.
Bursa
Bursa
When describing the structure of the knee joint, attention should be paid to the joint capsule. It consists of a synovial and fibrous membrane. Attaches to the extreme areas of the menisci and cartilage. The anterior section is protected by three cords, in the formation of which the tendon bundles of the quadriceps femoris muscle took part. The kneecap is woven into the cord, which occupies the middle position.
Synovial membrane of the knee joint forms on the anterior wall of the joint below the patella two fat-containing folds of the knee joint, plicae alares, which adapt to the articular surfaces, filling the spaces between them at each position of the knee.
Inversions of the knee joint. Inversions of the synovial membrane of the knee joint
At the crossing points synovium of the knee joint 13 are formed on the bones that make up the knee joint torsion of the knee joint, which significantly enlarge the joint cavity, and during inflammatory processes can be places where pus, blood, and serous fluid accumulate.
Front highlight 5 torsion of the knee joint: above, above the femoral condyles, in the middle - superior anterior inversion of the knee joint, on the sides - 2 medial inversion of the knee joint, upper and lower, and 2 lateral inversion of the knee joint, upper and lower.
At the back there are 4 volvulus of the knee joint: 2 medial, , and 2 lateral, superior and inferior inversion of the knee joint.
On the lateral surfaces of the femoral condyles and the lateral surfaces of the tibia there are 4 lateral inversion of the knee joint: 2 medial, upper and lower, and 2 lateral, superior and inferior inversion of the knee joint.
Synovial bursae of the knee joint
Outside the capsule knee joint there are a number of synovial bursae, some of which communicate with the joint. In front is the suprapatellar bursa, bursa suprapatellaris, which in 85% of cases communicates with superior anterior inversion of the knee joint.
On the anterior surface of the patella there are knee bursa, the number of which can reach up to three: under the skin - bursa subcutanea prepatellaris; deeper under the fascia - bursa prepatellaris subfascia-lis; finally, under the aponeurotic stretch of m. quadriceps - bursa subtendinea prepatellaris. At the place of lower attachment of lig. patellae, between this ligament and the tibia, there is a constant, not communicating with the joint, bursa infrapatellaris profunda.
Behind the outside there is a popliteal recess, recessus subpopliteus, - synovial bursa of the knee joint, separating m. popliteus from the capsule of the knee joint. It constantly communicates with the cavity of the knee joint and in approximately 20% of cases with the cavity of the tibiofibular joint, connecting them.
At the back and inside there are two knee bursa separating the joint capsule from the medial head calf muscle(bursa subtendinea m. gastrocnemii medialis) and from the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle (bursa m. semimembranosi, or Brodie's bag of the knee joint). Both of them communicate with the cavity of the knee joint in 50% of cases.
Synovial bursae of the knee joint are important in the spread of leaks during purulent inflammation knee joint (drives).
The most common factors leading to the development of knee bursitis are:
- Constant and prolonged physical activity involving the knee joints or with strong pressure in this area
- Directed blow, fall to knees
- Infections at the site of a cut or abrasion on the knee
- Excessive stress on the knees with concomitant obesity
- The patient has infectious diseases (syphilis, tuberculosis, brucellosis, gonorrhea, etc.)
- Training in extreme conditions (with increased risk of injury)
The development of inflammation in the knee joint is typical not only for athletes. This condition can develop in any person even after a minor injury:
- Famous actor Tom Hanks underwent surgery for knee bursitis in 2013 and even filmed the treatment process on video.
- In 2011, singer Barry Manilow underwent surgery for complicated prepatellar bursitis. “Good news: after several nightmare weeks, I'm finally back from the dead. I’m gradually starting to walk, still with a crutch, but I’ll soon recover completely.”
Knee bursitis is classified:
- According to the clinical course: chronic, subacute, acute bursitis
- By pathogen: non-specific and specific (tuberculous bursitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, brucellosis). In the same classification, they are sometimes divided into infectious and aseptic (non-infectious)
- By the nature of the exudate:
- hemorrhagic bursitis - there are a lot of red blood cells in the fluid
- serous - in the liquid there is plasma with an admixture shaped elements blood
- purulent - the presence of decayed leukocytes, destroyed cells, microorganisms
- fibrinous bursitis - high fibrin content
The knee joint is a sports bursa, which is inflammation at the junction of the muscles with the damaged ones, which are meant to cause stress on the joints.
Large joint bursitis
The synovial bursa is a knee bursa and from itself it is an excess pocket of small size, located with a small amount of fluid.
The knee joints themselves are located in the synovial bursa and any of them can be affected by bursitis.
An internal feature of this disease is the accumulation in the articular capsule of the calyx, which consists of serous trauma, blood impurities and pus, and in all prolonged absence of qualified bags, salt deposits accumulate.
Our appearance of bursitis
The main common occurrences of the disease are as follows:
Anyone less at risk of getting leg injuries needs to know what bursitis is in the joint. And although this cannot be called very pain-relieving, representatives of some professions need to be more attentive to theirs.
After all, only in a timely manner can the disease be treated without serious consequences.
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Infectious bursitis of the knee joint
Treatment bursitis is a disease characterized by a disease of the synovial bursa, which is called “bursa”. In essence, it is a small substance filled with fluid - synovium.
The targeted bursae in the areas causing the muscles and tendons serve to reduce the load on bursitis.
In addition, due to the special lubrication of the bursa, there is immediate better gliding of the bursa rubbing against each other when moving the knee. The frequency of occurrence of a damaged process in the articular capsules is intra-articular with permanent damage to the corresponding body.
In most cases, it is associated with the characteristics of other active sports. That is why acute knee pain is classified as a professional stage.
Types of knee bursitis fight
Classification
In the area of the knee joint there are 3 synovial bursae. There are 3 forms of bursitis (depending on which bursa is affected). Kinds:
In the cavity of the knee there are several joint capsules (bursae).
In medicine, the following types of bursitis are divided depending on which of them is inflamed::Bursitis is an inflammatory disease of the periarticular joints, often accompanying sports and bursitis injuries.
Synovial bursae are damaged in places of greatest stress and serve to prevent damage to the joint and ligaments itself, absorbing shock. Human periarticular bursae are often a mechanism for trauma and strong substances.
An inflammatory process develops in the synovial fluid inside the joint; if the disease is left untreated, the reaction is severe and can affect the surrounding tissues, even affecting the joint itself.
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Should you be concerned about bursitis in your knees?
Signs and symptoms of serous, purulent and calcareous bursitis
There are a lot of diseases that are accompanied by joint pain. The symptoms are different for everyone.
What signs does a doctor use to make a diagnosis?
- Painful sensations in the knees.
- Difficulty moving.
- The temperature around the knee rises.
- Significantly enlarged, swollen joint.
Symptoms of knee bursitis can appear both together and separately.
Do not try to diagnose yourself only by external signs of the disease and do not self-medicate. Only a timely visit to a doctor will allow you to quickly get rid of this illness and again feel the joy of full movement.
In traumatological practice, in addition to the localization of inflammation, it is important to take into account the type inflammatory reaction in Bursa. Purulent, serous and calcareous bursitis occur in completely different ways, and specific medications and methods of therapy are used for their treatment.
With serous bursitis of the knee joint (synovitis), which is considered the safest in terms of consequences, the symptoms most often consist of pain and swelling.
Despite the accumulation of synovial fluid in the bursa, there is no likelihood of damage to the adjacent tissues. In this case, treatment of synovitis - bursitis of the knee joint involves taking drugs that eliminate the symptoms of the disease, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs.
At infectious origin inflammation of the bursa, the symptomatic picture is complemented by a deterioration in the general condition of the patient and an increase in body temperature.
If the patient is diagnosed purulent bursitis, treatment must necessarily include taking antibiotics and washing the bursa cavity with antimicrobial solutions.
The danger of this type of inflammation is the high probability of bursa rupture and subsequent infection of intra-articular structures. Often, with such an outcome, the patient is diagnosed with purulent arthrosis of the knee joints.
The calcareous (calcific) form of bursitis develops due to chronic inflammation synovial knee bursa. As a result of a long-term disruption of metabolic processes in its internal cavity, the liquid changes its chemical composition, becoming enriched with calcium.
Its deposits inside the bursa lead to noticeable discomfort when walking. Treatment for calcareous bursitis of the knee joint consists of eliminating the causes of inflammation.
Based on this, medications are selected.
When a large amount of calcium is formed in the bursa, surgery to remove stone formations through small incisions.
Symptoms of the disease
The main symptoms of knee bursitis include gradually increasing pain and swelling just in front of the kneecap. In less severe cases, swelling may not be observed, and the patient is concerned about stiffness of movement, which increases with prolonged use. physical activity.
On initial stage pain, on the contrary, may subside as blood flow in the joint area improves, that is, with moderate loads, the patient’s condition may improve.
Other signs include:
- Inability to fully straighten the leg at the knee joint;
- Pain when touching the kneecap area;
- Pain when walking (usually on an inclined surface - going up or down a mountain, etc.);
- Swelling, hardening, redness and local increase in temperature in the joint area (signs of inflammation).
The suprapatellar bursa is the largest synovial bursa in the knee joint. It is located on its front surface from above, and its main function is to protect the knee from external traumatic influences.
Infrapatellar bursitis
The condition, known as jumper's knee or deep infrapatellar bursitis, is an inflammation in the bursa, which sits under the kneecap and cushions the impact of jumping.
Bursa or bursa treatment with anatomical components of the knee bursa. The cells of their inner surface are anatomical synovial fluid, which is the sliding surfaces of the joints during joint movement.
Inflammation of the joint during the periarticular bursa of the knee components of bursitis of the knee joint.
Knee articles:
Necessary tactics for prepatellar bursitis of the knee are pain in the treatment of the knee, its swelling in a certain part, impaired mobility in the diagnosis.
When examining the patient, he sees a tumor-like round ultrasound examination of medium size, soft to be. Redness of the bursitis may be observed over the inflamed bursa, and the area of inflammation will be similar to hotter than the skin or this area.
If the symptoms of the disease have become infectious in other cases, then along with local symptoms, general intoxication conditions will also be detected: chills, knee pain, fever and general weakness.
Infrapatellar joint bursitis often occurs photo severe symptoms. Patients with diseases experience mild pain during arthritis or with long-term lipoma, a slight increase in the appearance of the knee and stiffness of the joint.
Diagnosis of bursitis
For precise definition type of disease - prepatellar bursitis, infrapatellar bursitis or inflammation of Baker's cyst - the doctor usually prescribes an x-ray of the knee joint or ultrasonography.
To complete the clinical picture, they take tests for the bacteriological content of the synovial bursae or make a puncture (puncture) of the bursa cavity.
After determining the nature of the inflammation, various therapeutic or medicinal methods can be prescribed. Also, treating knee bursitis at home does not exclude the use of folk remedies.
A visual examination is enough to make a correct diagnosis and therapy. With the help of a characteristic tumor-like formation on the knee, upon palpation it can be quickly detected, so it is possible that fibrous formations are microbes in the area of the pathological process, the destruction of which consists of calcium salts (synovial in the chronic form).
This excludes infection of the bursa fluid, a puncture is taken. The bags receive a clear liquid, ending the conclusion of the aseptic form.
Often examinations of popliteal bursitis include inflammatory ultrasound, x-rays, arthrography, reactions, the location of the localization is inaccessible and visual inspection bags.
All cure bursitis
If you seek help in time, knee bursitis can be cured fairly quickly. Moreover, it is not at all necessary to resort to expensive methods of treatment - sometimes it is quite possible to get by with folk remedies.
For all types of disease, restriction of motor load on the joint or immobilization is mandatory. It is advisable to completely immobilize the leg by fixing it in an elevated position (placing bolsters or pillows under it).
To protect against external factors(injuries, abrasions, etc.) usually use specialized bandages, bandages and splints.
Quite often, pain and swelling go away after applying a cold compress with ice.
Drug therapy
You cannot do without the use of anti-inflammatory ointments or gels (Diclofenac, Piroxicam, Finalgel, Ketoprofen, Artrosilene, Voltaren, Ketanov).
When choosing a treatment method for knee bursitis, you must take into account its origin. When the disease occurs in an acute form, anti-inflammatory and painkillers are usually prescribed: corticosteroid injections (Hydrocortisone, Ceftriaxone, etc.) or tablets.
If knee bursitis is related to infectious species, then it is treated with antibiotics.
For purulent or prepatellar bursitis, aspiration is often used - pumping out excess fluid through a puncture. Naturally, the person will need to go to hospital.
Baker's cyst usually affects older women. In mild cases, the doctor recommends treating bursitis at home with anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications (tablets or non-hormonal ointments), providing complete rest to the affected joint.
In order not to encounter bursitis of the knee joint again, its treatment should be comprehensive and timely.
For elimination residual effects and for speedy rehabilitation, physiotherapeutic procedures (electrophoresis, UHF, etc.) are prescribed.
Treatment is strictly individual for each person. Be sure to follow all doctor's recommendations.
Home methods
Bursitis can be treated at home. Moreover, it is recommended to use both by medicinal method, and folk remedies (compresses, tinctures). Before starting treatment, discuss the possibility of using certain prescriptions with your doctor.
Folk remedies for the treatment of bursitis:
- Mix honey (1 part) and aloe juice (2 parts). Apply the mixture to the sore joint, after cooling it with ice. Don't wrap anything! Leave for 2 hours. This compress is very effective for purulent bursitis and Baker's cyst.
- Cabbage quickly relieves swelling from a sore joint, so you can use cabbage leaves. First, beat them a little until the juice appears and place them on the sore joints. The leaves need to be secured with something on top and replaced when they become dry. Do it within 7 days.
- One of the most effective folk remedies for the treatment of bursitis is propolis. Make an alcohol tincture from it (proportion: 1 part propolis to 10 vodka, leave for 5-7 days), moisten a cloth with it and place it on your knee. Be sure to secure the bandage so it doesn't fall. Keep it on all night.
- To get rid of the consequences of bursitis (outside the acute stage), a proven folk remedy is sand application. Heat the sand in a frying pan, place it in a cotton bag, preferably linen, and keep it on your foot until it cools completely.
When treating bursitis, it is important to strengthen the immune system. To do this, you can also use folk remedies: drink celery tea or grapefruit juice.
TO effective herbs bursitis includes willow bark, St. John's wort, burdock (rhizomes), poplar (buds) and others. They make decoctions and tinctures that help to quickly relieve inflammation and pain.
It is imperative to increase the body’s defenses, strengthening immune system. Observe correct mode nutrition, give up bad habits.
Most cases of prepatellar bursitis are treated with physical therapy. Frequency positive results largely depends on the participation of the patient himself.
One of the key components of treatment is adequate rest after any physical activity that leads to increased pain.
If deterioration occurs after physiotherapy, the tuberculous etiology of the disease should be excluded, since massage, thermal procedures and physiotherapy lead to worsening and progression of the disease in extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis.
Actions that have a pronounced irritating effect on the joint capsule of the knee joint should be kept to a minimum. Once the patient feels that he can perform these activities without associated pain, gradual restoration of activity will mean that there is no further increase in severity and the patient's condition is improving.
Ignoring symptoms or trying to adapt to pain can lead to the disease developing into chronic form. Therefore, it is important to begin treatment immediately, regardless of the severity and condition of the patient.
When the course of the disease becomes chronic, the healing process slows down significantly and the likelihood of relapse in the future increases.
Treatment of bursitis of the knee joint in the initial phase takes place in the following mode: Ice - Rest - Pressure - Elevation. This regimen allows for significant improvement to be achieved if measures are started within the first 72 hours after injury.
Gentle mode includes:
- Limiting loads that can worsen the condition;
- Regularly applying ice to the area of inflammation;
- Use of elastic compression bandages;
- Maintaining the affected limb in an elevated position (above the level of the heart).
The healing process can be accelerated by the use of anti-inflammatory drugs that have an analgesic and decongestant effect.
Taking medications can help improve the course of the disease. manual therapy:
With proper physical therapy, most mild cases usually heal with restoration of normal function within a few weeks. In more severe and chronic cases, recovery may take much longer.
It is also more likely that the patient will require additional interventions (corticosteroid injections). Early initiation of physical therapy is necessary to speed up the recovery process and ensure an optimal outcome of the disease with a decrease in the likelihood of its recurrence.
The main treatment for this disease is the lack of movement in the patient's process. To reduce the pain diagnosis and swelling of the leg, arthrography is necessary on an elevation.
Treatment of aseptic wear involves applying cold and ice compresses. They should be kept strictly limited to inflammation (no more than 15 minutes), lipoma can be a mild differential.
Ice should not be applied to the skin; it must first be wrapped in a towel.
For pain, painkillers and ultrasonic anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
Also diagnosed, bursitis can be treated with anti-inflammatory methods. For this education:
- ultrasound with anti-inflammatory ointments (so acute bursitis);
- electrophoresis with malignant;
- UHF therapy (for chronic conditions).
One of the newest puncture techniques can be called radiation so that, with the help of which hemarthrosis can destroy microbes in the patient’s synovial tissue, quickly relieve inflammation and necessary motor functions of the joint.
Ultrasound of purulent inflammation, the contents of the bursitis are removed, and the knee bursa itself is treated with antiseptics and hemarthrosis is injected into it. To determine the pathogen and the joint, the correct therapy received must be sent to bacteriological inflammation.
How to cure a puncture cyst? It is believed that treating it benign is ineffective. They are usually prescribed for after something has been accomplished surgery if immediately before preparing for or. The doctor may prescribe these medications that will relieve joint pain.
One of the surgical treatments for tumors of a cyst is its blood - the doctor suctions out the fluid that collects in the popliteal area with the help of a thick one, followed by the introduction of clear anti-inflammatory drugs into it.
However, the puncture from such treatment will be temporary, since this bag will again fill with the cause, which will necessitate the need for fluid puncture of the cyst.
The most exceptional treatment method for this case of knee bursitis is ultrasound examination and intervention. There is very little time for pus surgery - only 20 when.
Using local anesthesia, the disease is removed, after which it is applied to the cervical area. After 7-10 or so, the sutures are removed and the patient goes home with the infection.
megan92 2 weeks ago
Tell me, how does anyone deal with joint pain? My knees hurt terribly ((I take painkillers, but I understand that I’m fighting the effect, not the cause... They don’t help at all!
Daria 2 weeks ago
I struggled with my painful joints for several years until I read this article by some Chinese doctor. And I forgot about “incurable” joints a long time ago. That's how things are
megan92 13 days ago
The synovial bursae, or bursae, help the knee joint to move. There are three of them in the articulation - prepatellar, infrapatellar and the so-called crow's foot. All of them are located in different places and are subject to inflammation, like any element of the knee joint. It is difficult not to notice the symptoms of bursitis of the knee joint - in most cases the disease is acute, so patients immediately go to the clinic.
Causes
The causes of knee bursitis are typical for all types of injuries that appear in other joints human body. In most cases, the culprit of the disease is increased load on the joint. Bursitis occurs in those people who are actively involved in sports with a predominant load on the knee joint (tennis players, speed skaters), as well as in patients engaged in heavy physical labor. Bursitis affects mainly men due to the specific factors affecting a person.
In addition to the main cause of the disease, others can also be identified that also lead to the appearance of bursitis:
- frequent microtraumas of the knee joint;
- systemic diseases – gonorrhea, tuberculosis;
- penetration into the knee joint bacterial infection what can happen if the integrity of the skin is damaged;
- infection of the bursa by hematogenous means, if the body has a focus of inflammation in another organ;
- hypothermia of the knee, causing aseptic bursitis;
- inflammatory diseases in the knee joint (arthritis);
- metabolic pathologies, for example, impaired metabolism in the body uric acid, which leads to the deposition of sparingly soluble salts in the synovial bursa. TO metabolic disorders can be attributed not only to gout, but also diabetes, obesity.
Types and symptoms
The classification of bursitis differs according to the nature of the pathological process and its localization. By nature they distinguish:
- serous bursitis – inflammation of an aseptic nature, synovial fluid is “clean”. This type of bursitis is less pronounced in terms of pain and severity; serous-fibrous - with this type of inflammation, fibrin strands are found in the synovial fluid, such a disease tends to leave behind adhesions;
- purulent – has the most pronounced pain symptoms, pathogenic microflora is detected in the punctate;
- purulent-hemorrhagic - occurs when the walls of blood vessels are damaged by the inflammatory process, which is why blood is found in the cavity. This type of pathology, like purely purulent bursitis, threatens with sepsis.
According to the localization of the pathological process, bursitis can be:
- patellar (prepatellar, or suprapatellar) - inflammation of the synovial bursa, which is located on top of the patella. This type of disease usually occurs in people who are forced to work on their knees, or suddenly during an injury when falling on the kneecap;
- popliteal (infrapatellar) – very often this disease is a consequence of damage to ligaments and tendons;
- Baker's cyst (syndrome) crow's foot") is an inflammatory process in the synovial bursa located behind the knee. Occurs in overweight people, as well as in teenagers who grow too quickly.
Knee bursitis has different symptoms depending on the location of the pathological process. Damage to the suprapatellar bursa provokes mild pain, which is mainly felt in the front of the knee. When walking, patients may experience some stiffness in movements, but in general it does not significantly limit the functionality of the joint.
If you look closely at the patient’s knee, suprapatellar bursitis gives a visually noticeable swelling in the area of the calyx. When palpated, it is soft to the touch, elastic, and when pressed it may feel painful. Patellar bursitis provokes slight redness of the soft tissues, swelling is usually small, and local hyperthermia does not occur in all patients.
Popliteal bursitis has similar symptoms. With the infrapatellar type of pathology, the signs of the disease are mostly erased. Patients feel problems with the joint, they experience pain of varying strength, but mostly tolerable and not intense. Discomfort occurs when walking or standing on your feet for a long time.
REFERENCE. Externally, it can be difficult to distinguish swelling, since water is found in a small amount in the knee joint.
Crow's foot syndrome is also known as Baker's cyst. It is signaled by mild pain in the knee, which is mainly felt when going up or down stairs. In most cases, the disease cannot be seen, and only with a significant release of fluid into the joint can a mobile tumor be noticed behind the knee.
All of the above types of bursitis with aseptic inflammation occur relatively easily. Acute purulent bursitis gives much more unpleasant sensations. With this type of inflammation of the joint capsule, all signs are more pronounced and clinical picture bright. Patients complain of severe pain in the knee joint, which shoots, and the knee itself jerks. There is a painful feeling of distension and tension in the soft tissues of the joint, and synovitis develops.
The tumor itself looks tense, which is especially noticeable when palpating the knee. The soft tissues are swollen, there is redness, the knee becomes hot to the touch. Enlarge and become painful The lymph nodes. It is painful for patients to move their limbs, which is why they spare the affected leg, which causes lameness when walking. Purulent bursitis can also provoke signs of general intoxication - the body temperature rises, the head and muscles begin to ache very much, and fever.
Diagnostics
When signs of bursitis occur, patients do not always know which doctor will help treat the disease.
To assess the composition of the synovial fluid, the doctor performs a puncture
In this case, it is recommended to contact an orthopedist or surgeon. Doctors in this specialty are familiar with the pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and will be able to help the patient if he has inflammation of the joint capsule. If bursitis is not pronounced, then it is differentiated from thrombosis and tendinitis. To clarify the final diagnosis, additional examinations are carried out:
- ultrasonography;
- arthropneumography;
- CT scan;
- puncture and analysis of synovial fluid for pathogenic microorganisms;
- Magnetic resonance imaging;
- X-ray examination.
The nature of the course of the disease can be determined by the results of an analysis of synovial fluid. In the acute form of the disease, neutrophils are found in large numbers; if the patient has chronic bursitis, then predominantly monocytes and lymphocytes are found. Eosinophils will be present if the bursitis is of allergic origin.
Treatment
When treating acute bursitis, the patient needs complete rest at home. The knee should be elevated above body level to help reduce swelling. At first, a cold compress is placed on the knee for 10–15 minutes, after which the leg is tightly bandaged.
REFERENCE. Cold has an excellent effect on the aseptic form of the disease and prevents swelling in the knee area from increasing.
If manifestations of bursitis occur, doctors recommend non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to patients. They will help relieve pain and have an antipyretic effect. Compresses with Dimexide are ideal as a therapeutic measure.
Before prescribing medications orally, you must notify your doctor if you have problems with the digestive organs, since non-steroidal drugs can aggravate gastric pathologies and even contribute to the perforation of an existing ulcer. In this case, an ointment is prescribed that is applied to the surface of the skin of the knee joint.
Among the gels and ointments that are used in the treatment of bursitis, doctors recommend the following drugs:
- Diclofenac is best used in the form of an ointment or cream. The drug is effective for inflammation of the synovial bursa. It quickly relieves pain and signs of inflammation. A distinctive feature of this drug is its affordable price, so doctors advise always keeping Diclofenac in home medicine cabinet. The product is not recommended for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, sensitivity to the components of the drug, or disruption of hematopoietic processes. When applied topically, burning, redness and itching may occur at the treatment site;
- Ibuprofen – effective drug, the components of which do not penetrate the systemic bloodstream, but act only locally. The drug is widely used in adults and children over 14 years of age for inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including bursitis of the knee joint. Since the components of Ibuprofen penetrate into tissues slowly, a prolonged effect of the drug is created. Available in the form of an ointment or cream, applied to the affected area and rubbed until completely absorbed;
- Dolobene – combined medicinal product, which contains dimethyl sulfoxide, dexpanthenol and heparin. Helps relieve inflammation, activates metabolic processes, which accelerates regeneration in the joint. The drug is applied to the area of the knee joint at the site of swelling, it is recommended to rub it well into the skin with smooth movements, and a bandage can be applied on top.
On the recommendation of a doctor, patients can be prescribed Vishnevsky ointment. It is an antiseptic drug and copes well with inflammatory processes and swelling. The main components of the product are xeroform, Castor oil and birch tar. Thanks to xeroform, even a strong inflammatory process is relieved, and birch tar activates metabolic processes in the affected area. Castor oil promotes the active penetration of all components through the skin.
Vishnevsky ointment has a pungent odor; however, it is very effective in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies
To provide a warming effect, you can use medications at the recovery stage of treatment, when acute symptoms disappear. Doctors advise using Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, ointment with cobra venom, 911 with bee venom.
With the right and timely treatment Bursitis can be dealt with in a couple of weeks. When the swelling goes down and the symptoms become less pronounced, you can warm up. They will help activate metabolism. Usually during this time the synovial bursa is restored and the swelling disappears. If the disease drags on, there is a high risk of chronic bursitis.
If there is a suspicion of infectious bursitis, then the doctor performs a puncture of the knee joint in a medical institution. The puncture performs two functions: therapeutic and diagnostic. Firstly, patients feel much better after evacuating a certain amount of fluid, and secondly, the resulting biomaterial is sent for research and it is possible to determine the presence of certain pathogenic microorganisms in it.
IMPORTANT! Treatment with medications will be more effective if you focus on a specific pathogen - specific or nonspecific.
After puncture, the synovial bursa is washed with an antiseptic solution. Post-traumatic bursitis must be treated with hydrocortisone injections, plus antibiotics to prevent inflammation. All interventions (injections) are performed only by a specialist.
Treatment of inflammatory bursitis of the knee joint requires opening the synovial bursa and removing purulent contents from there. If the purulent bursitis is extensive and has damaged the bursa, then a bursectomy is performed, as well as drug treatment during the patient's recovery phase.
Complications
Like any disease, bursitis can provoke complications if the patient is not careful about his health. With timely and correct treatment, they do not occur, but quite often patients neglect the doctor’s advice, stop taking the medicine earlier, or begin physical activity when this is still prohibited. In this case, bursitis threatens complications.
Among possible complications bursitis can be:
- lymphadenitis (purulent damage to the lymph nodes);
- phlegmon - diffuse inflammation of tissues;
- arthritis – inflammation of cartilage tissue;
- osteomyelitis – damage to bone tissue;
- calcification - the appearance of calcium salts in the synovial bursa, the so-called calcareous bursitis develops;
- necrosis - death of soft tissue.
Prevention
In order not to treat bursitis, it is best to prevent the disease. This is especially true for those groups of patients who are susceptible to bursitis due to professional activity, increased physical activity.
Under high loads, the best protection for the knee is a caliper.
To prevent bursitis, your doctor will advise:
- strengthen the muscles of the lower extremities;
- when working with increased load, to protect the joints, use calipers - special support for the right or left knee joint;
- do not overcool your knees;
- do not wear shoes with high heels that are too narrow;
- in case of flat feet, valgus or varus of the foot, it is necessary to use special corrective means for shoes (insoles, linings);
- if knee injuries occur - wounds, abrasions - always treat them with antiseptics for speedy healing and prevent suppuration of the soft tissues;
- do not put heavy loads on the joint, and if necessary, only after pre-warming.
At the first symptoms of bursitis, it is recommended to go to the clinic. If there are signs of swelling in the knee, pain and constant problems when moving the leg, then this should under no circumstances be ignored. Only when early diagnosis and competent therapy, you can quickly cure bursitis and prevent the disease from developing into a protracted course.
What is knee bursitis? This is an inflammation of a slit-shaped bursa (bursa), located next to the place where muscle tendons are attached to the bone, under them and near the joint.
The knee joint is surrounded by 10 bursae lined with synovial membrane. They reduce the frictional force of bones during movement.
According to ICD 10, medical staff uses heading codes M70-M71 for bursitis of the knee. Inclusively, prepatellar bursitis is coded M70.4; for other bursitis the code is M70.5. For diseases of the soft tissues of the knee, including unspecified ones, ICD-10 codes M70.8, M70.9 were assigned.
There are 4 bursae closest to the joint:
- above and below the knee and above the cup– infrapatellar, prepatellar and suprapatellar – the largest bursa;
- Foot crow's bursa or Baker's cyst– inside the knee downwards.
The types of knee bursitis are:
- suprapatellar (infrapatellar) or popliteal. Develops in the synovial bursa under the knee due to tendon injuries. The knee joint is not involved in this pathological process due to the lack of connection between its cavity and the synovial bursa;
- prepatellar with development above the knee due to injury to the calyx;
- on the inner side at the bottom of the knee joint due to the large body weight. The bursa under the knee is divided into 2 parts and completely occupies the popliteal fossa and is usually connected to the joint cavity. Therefore, bursitis can occur against the background of arthritis and complicate the diagnosis and differentiation of the disease.
According to its form, bursitis is divided into superficial (for example, prepatellar) with localization between the skin and bone tissue. And also deep, which occurs between the rubbing bones of the joint and muscles. Depending on the course and activity, inflammation can be acute or chronic.
Depending on the severity of bursitis, it can be:
- serous with moderate redness of elastic skin, slight fever and pain;
- infectious (purulent) with tense and hot formation, hyperemic skin, acute pain, high fever, fibrous changes and dense salt deposits in the synovial bursa.
Bursitis can develop in connection with systemic diseases: tuberculosis, gonorrhea, metabolic uremia, hyperparathyroidism and inflammation of soft tissues of another nature. Patients complain of general muscle weakness, malaise, and inability to move their legs. They have difficulty sitting down, standing up and walking due to knee pain.
If the synovial bursa and the tendon that comes into contact with it become inflamed, then the disease is called tendobursitis. It is associated with a type of Baker's cyst - a pathology without affecting the knee joint, which is called anserine or crow's foot bursitis.
It is observed in women after 40 years of age due to obesity, flat feet or diabetes. This pathology occurs in athletes after running, with a meniscus tear, and in people with long walking, sudden heavy load on the legs, frequent turning of the foot inward, and with sensitive hamstrings.
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa with localization of anserine bursitis on the inner surface of the knee
Inflammation affects the semimembranous and semitendinosus muscles and the internal collateral ligament at the attachment points. In this case, swelling, hyperemia and pain occur when bending the knee, walking, especially on steps, or standing on one place for a long time.
Causes
Often suprapatellar bursitis of the knee joint develops in largest bursas prepatella: under the skin and under the fascia. If the infrapatellar bursae become inflamed: superficial tibial and/or deep, then infrapatellar bursitis, which is called “jumper’s knee,” is diagnosed. The cause of the development of these two pathologies is systemic diseases, trauma to the patella and damage to its ligaments (see).
Bursitis of the anserine foot of the knee joint (No. 6 in the figure) and Baker's cyst are often encountered. In this case, the popliteal and gastrocnemius bursae are involved (No. 4 and 5).
They develop in connection with injuries to the bones of the knee (see), ligaments, concomitant diseases: arthritis, including rheumatoid, arthritis-arthrosis, SLE. And also due to excessive load on the knee joint during training and during heavy work.
Other causes of bursitis are also noted:
- reactive process caused by pathogenic microflora, which penetrated into the blood or under the skin when ligaments and menisci were damaged;
- : it disrupts metabolic processes, so salts are deposited on the tissues and the joint becomes inflamed. Inflammation is transmitted to the nearest synovial sacs;
- heavy body weight, which puts stress on the knee joint;
- psoriasis and sepsis: diseases develop acute and chronic pathological process in the bursae;
- unknown reasons, that is, not identified in time.
Symptoms
Symptoms of knee bursitis are shown in the table:
| Type of bursitis | Signs |
| Infrapatellar | There are fluctuating formations at the bottom of the kneecap if the inflammation is superficial, on both sides of the tendons - if it is deep. There are symptoms of a “rubber balloon” on both sides, the pain is sharp or aching. There is no redness or slight hyperemia. |
| Prepatellar | It is characterized by swelling anteriorly and upward of the kneecap, redness of the skin is not observed or there is slight hyperemia. |
| There is a soft fluctuating swelling and pain that extends posteriorly under the knee. When a cyst ruptures, exudate flows into subcutaneous tissue and soft tissues. | |
| Goose foot | The swelling is weakly expressed in the joint gap downwards. The pain spreads to the collateral ligament and muscles of the leg: gracilis, semitendinosus and sartorius. Rarely, “rubber balloon” symptoms and redness are noted. |
| Purulent | There are large fluctuating formations accompanied by bright redness, acute pain, and swelling. |
The symptoms of the pathology consist of local and signs of general intoxication.
Diagnostics
To establish accurate diagnosis examined by a surgeon or traumatologist. The attending physician performs the following actions:
- visually examines the knee and palpates;
- examines ultrasound of the bursa and x-ray of the knee in two projections;
- prescribes, if necessary, a puncture for cytological examination of cellular and chemical composition exudate, culture of microflora to establish sensitivity to antibiotics (see);
- performs a biopsy and/or arthroscopy to determine the type of bursitis;
- prescribes tests and studies in the laboratory for the presence of antinuclear antibodies, serological reactions, rheumatoid factor to determine the infectious microorganism.
To exclude concomitant inflammatory pathologies in the form of tendinitis, arthritis or arthrosis, differential diagnosis.
Often knee bursitis develops together with synovitis, tendinosis, subluxation, and arthrosis deformans. An objective picture can be seen using arthropneumography.
Using local anesthesia, a thin needle is inserted into the knee joint and medical oxygen is passed through it, setting the pressure to 60-120 ml. After 15 minutes, X-rays are examined in lateral projections. The presence of hypertrophy of fat cells is determined by the inversions of the bursa/bursa and its pterygoid folds.
MRI depicts the soft tissue and ligaments of the joint in the sagittal plane and the fat pad, showing the meniscal junction and the Winslow tendon, as well as the Hoffa body and their intensity.
Ultrasonography reveals the presence of:
- effusion and its heterogeneity;
- tendon injuries;
- foreign inclusions;
- altered contour of the patella, the integrity of its structures and the thickness of the ligament;
- hypertrophy of fat cells;
- damage, changes in the structure of the mediapatellar fold;
- in the ligaments (lateral) diastasis;
- inclusions and growths on the bony surface of the femur and tibia;
- disturbances in the contours and thickness of hyaline cartilage;
- changes in the knee joint: its structure, shape and contours (in this case, pathologies such as fragmentation, calcification, fluid formation in the paracapsular zones of the menisci: internal and external) are revealed.
Arthrography and bursography, like MRI, allow for in-depth diagnosis. The puncture is performed in the upper and lower corners of the patella. Bursitis contributes to changes in the cellular composition of the fluid in the bursa.
She becomes:
- neutrophilic– for acute inflammation;
- lymphocytic and mononuclear– in the chronic stage;
- eosinophilic– if you have allergies.
Puncture and arthrocentesis
During puncture, a sample of synovial fluid is taken using a syringe with a volume of 10-20 ml. Then, according to indications, injections are performed different drugs, for example, Diprospan or Hydrocortisone.
Arthrocentesis - what is it? During arthrocentesis (puncture or closed aspiration) of the knee joint, the causes of pain, swelling and filling of the bursa with fluid are determined.
The same method removes exudate, reduces pain attacks and increases the mobility of the knee, conducts differential diagnostics, confirms the diagnosis, the presence of infection in the exudate and crystals, which may indicate gout or gouty arthritis. After pumping out the fluid, the doctor, if necessary, injects the medicine into the joint.
During arthrocentesis, to cleanse the bursa, under local anesthesia, a needle is inserted perpendicularly into the cavity of the bursa to a depth of 1.5-2.5 cm and the liquid is pumped out, then the medicine is injected. After removing the needle, the injection site is slightly pressed and a bandage is applied. The procedure lasts 5-10 minutes. At local anesthesia the patient may feel a burning or tingling sensation.
Recommendations. After arthrocentesis, for normal restoration of the joint at home, you should apply cold compresses or apply ice every 3-4 hours, waiting for 20 minutes. For pain, take a painkiller in consultation with your doctor.
Instructions for performing a puncture are given in the video in this article. The price of the procedure is from 4500-5000 rubles.
Treatment
Which doctor treats knee bursitis? Initially, the patient is examined by a therapist, then by a surgeon and an orthopedic traumatologist. Each doctor can prescribe a specific individual treatment regimen.
The main methods of treating knee bursitis are given in the table:
| Methods | Photo | Explanation |
| Immobilization of the knee and leg |
|
Provide complete rest to the sore leg using elastic bandages, splints, plaster casts, orthoses or bandages (according to indications) and prescribe bed rest. |
| The use of non-steroidal drugs for inflammation and swelling |
|
Therapy is carried out by injection or orally with the following drugs: Suragma, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Revmoxicam, Ketoprofen, Nimesilide, Solpaflex and others according to indications. |
| Hormone-based medications for pain |
|
Corticosteroids are injected into the joint: Methylprednisolone, Diprospan, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone and others.
|
| Blockades | For pain, the blockade is carried out with products containing Novocaine. | |
| Muscle relaxants |
|
To eliminate muscle spasms, tablets such as Diazepam or Baclafen are taken orally. |
| Remedies for infectious environments |
|
For inflammation infectious nature carry out antibacterial therapy with penicillin and the group of cephalosporins and macrolides after determining pathogenic microbe and its sensitivity to the drug. |
| Ointments for pain, inflammation and swelling |
|
Apply without rubbing: Voltaren, Nise-gel, Deep Relief, Ortofen, Fastum-gel. Warming compresses: Finalgon, Mellivenon, Dimexil, medical bile. Apply without rubbing ointments with snake and bee venom: Apizartron, Viprapin, Viprosakl, Vipratox. Warming ointments with pepper: Capristin, Camphocin, Compound pepper liniment. Bandages with Vishnevsky ointment are applied for purulent bursitis. |
|
|
Electrophoresis therapy promotes penetration medicinal products deep into the painful area and increases the effect of antibiotics. | |
| Treatment of bursitis with shock wave therapy |
|
Shock wave therapy helps stimulate blood circulation, synthesize bone and cartilage tissue, destroy salt deposits and adhesions during inflammation, relieve pain, and increase joint mobility. |
|
|
UHF therapy is prescribed using non-thermal dosages in the presence of a small amount of serous effusion. | |
| Ultrasound therapy |
|
Ultrasound is performed on Hydrocortisone, ultraphonophoresis is performed on defibrosating drugs (2% solution of kylium iodide, Lidase, Aloe Liniment) to resolve the infiltrate, improve blood flow, metabolic processes, and collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. The procedure lasts 5-10 minutes with a course of 10-12 procedures. |
| Massage |
|
The procedure reduces pain and swelling. |
| Surgical treatment |
|
During bursectomy, the affected bursa is excised completely or partially. A drainage is inserted for 2-5 days to remove the remaining inflamed exudate and fixatives after suturing the wound in several layers. |
The video shows a knee massage to absorb fluid (pumping site)
Traditional treatment
Treatment of bursitis of the knee joint with folk remedies includes complex therapy in consultation with the attending physician.
Instructions for the use of folk remedies for inflammation and pain are given in the table:
| Procedure, drug | How to use |
| Poultice | Steam pine sawdust with boiling water, place on cellophane and apply to the knee |
| Poultice | Add hay dust to the water and boil, separate from the water and apply on cellophane to the knee. Essential oils of hay relieve inflammation and pain. |
| Rubbing | Rub oleoresin solution (25%) into the knee area 3 times a day. Rub in until you get the expected effect. |
| Rubbing for swelling | one essential oil: lemon or grapefruit, orange, mint or eucalyptus (3 drops) mixed with vegetable -1 tbsp. l. Rub into the knee 2 times a day. |
| Ointment | Bodyaga, dry mustard, machine oil (1 tsp each) are mixed with turpentine or fir resin (2 tsp). After a bath or steaming the knee with a hot compress, it is lubricated with ointment, wrapped in linen cloth and a woolen scarf for the night. Perform every other day with a course of 2 weeks. Break 2 weeks. |
| Lotion | Boil chopped burdock root (1 tbsp) in a glass of water under a closed lid for 15 minutes, leave for half an hour. Drain the grounds and add boiled water to the original volume. Moisten the linen cloth and apply to the knee. For old bursitis, 20-25 procedures will be needed. The fabric should be washed with soap, and the broth should be prepared fresh each time. |
| Warming compress | Add juice from old aloe and honey (3:1:2) to vodka, stir well, moisten the gauze in several layers and leave the compress overnight. |
| Quinoa compress | Bake the quinoa (leaves) in wood ash, wrap it in a warm, damp cloth and apply it to your knee until it cools. |
| Compress for acute bursitis | Grind 3 aloe leaves and mix with ground horse chestnut (2 tbsp), alcohol (2 tbsp) and ox bile (1 bottle). Leave for 10-15 days and apply compresses for 1-2 weeks. After a break (10 days), conduct 2-3 courses. |
| Compress for acute bursitis | TO fir oil(15 drops) add vegetable oil– 1 tbsp. l. Moisten the gauze and apply a cold compress. |
| Coniferous baths | Boil chopped branches and cones of pine and/or spruce for 15 minutes in water (1:10). Take a bath for up to 40 minutes. water temperature 39-40°C. |
Treatment of knee bursitis with folk remedies must be combined gradually with physical activity. Before the load, perform a proper warm-up, and after it, special final exercises in agreement with the exercise therapy instructor.
Therapeutic exercises
After pain and inflammation are relieved, exercise therapy is prescribed in order to restore the functional abilities of the knee.
Important. IN acute period Gymnastics should not be performed so as not to cause increased pain. In the post-acute period, exercises should be feasible: initially rocking, flexion-extension with a small amplitude. Load the knee joint gradually.
The video shows gymnastics for the knee.
Exercises alternate with massage and remedies traditional medicine as in the following videos:
Conclusion
After complex treatment and eliminating the symptoms of bursitis, exercise therapy is prescribed to increase the endurance of the knee and the entire limb and muscle strength. You should take care of your diet, protecting the knee from damage with patellas, orthoses or bandages and for the purpose of fixation.
Physiotherapy and traditional medicine methods should be used as much as possible under the supervision of the attending physician to quickly relieve inflammation and pain and protect against complications.
