How much does the bone hurt after tooth extraction? What complications can there be after tooth extraction?

Tooth extraction is a traumatic and unpleasant procedure for the body. Pain after the anesthesia wears off natural character. But in some situations it is acute painful sensations after the procedure act as a signal about the onset of complications. Alveolitis is characterized by the presence inflammatory process in the damaged hole. What kind of disease is this? What factors cause it? How is alveolitis treated after tooth extraction?

What causes alveolitis: a complex of reasons

This complication is inflammation of the socket from which surgically the tooth was removed. The more difficult the operation was, the greater the chance of developing alveolitis. A unique risk group includes patients with crooked roots, brittle and unsteady enamel, and partially or completely unerupted teeth. In such situations, the dentist resorts to cutting the gum and removing it in parts or using a special drill.

For reference! The development of alveolitis may be caused by a surgeon who did not clear the hole of bacteria and microbes (a favorable environment for the onset of infection and suppuration). The patient may also be to blame if hygiene requirements are not followed or ignored after surgery.

The complex of causes that provoke the disease contains extensive list negative factors.

1. The protective blood clot is broken. After tooth extraction, a blood clot forms in the socket, which seals the wound. If its integrity is compromised, bacteria or infection can easily get inside.
2. The walls of the hole are injured. Sometimes part of the jaw breaks off due to thinning of the bone. Gum avulsion is also possible. In this case, the inflammatory process develops quite quickly.
3. Poor quality sterilization of instruments. During the operation, the patient develops deep wound. Through it, infection from contaminated instruments easily penetrates into the tissues.
4. Decreased general immunity, frequent smoking.
5. Problems with blood clotting.
6. Advanced caries of neighboring teeth, chronic inflammation of the gums.

Typically, the disease develops in the lower part of the jaw, since it has a more powerful structure and removing erupted wisdom teeth causes difficulties. To reduce the risk of complications, it is recommended to be treated for colds, tonsillitis, as a focal infection can move into the socket.

How to recognize the onset of the disease: features of symptoms

The first symptoms appear on the second or third day. First this It's a dull pain while eating. Then it intensifies and changes in character (sharp, shooting pain). Discomfort is felt in the jaw area, radiating to the temple and ear. It becomes difficult to open your mouth.

A characteristic symptom is pain in the socket. There is no protective blood clot, the gums near the wound become noticeably inflamed. If you do not pay attention to these signs in time, the disease begins to progress:

1. Severe malaise and chills occur;
2. The temperature rises to 39 degrees;
3. Plaque, pus and bad smell;
4. The wound swells, the cheeks become swollen;
5. Are increasing The lymph nodes.

Important to remember! If at least one of them appears listed signs, consult a doctor immediately. Self-medication will bring you more harm than benefit. Serious complications can occur, including blood poisoning.

Information about therapy: how to treat alveolitis at an early stage

Treatment of such a disease can cause objective difficulties. The dentist must have extensive experience in the field of surgery in order to build a suitable plan for future treatment and implement it.

Depending on what stage of the inflammatory process is diagnosed, therapeutic measures. At initial form such assistance is prescribed.

1. First, the dentist performs local anesthesia and blockade using anesthetics.
2. Then he rinses the dental opening using a syringe with a blunt needle (all food debris and saliva are washed out of the hole).
3. Using surgical instruments, the dentist removes bone fragments and tissue debris, treating the damaged area with antiseptics.
4. A bandage with an anesthetic and anti-inflammatory agent is applied to the hole.

Regularly performing this procedure will stop the inflammatory process.

For reference! Full recovery occurs after 2 weeks. During this time, the swelling subsides, and the hole is covered with new tissue.

A neglected form requires a special approach

If time is lost and the process has become serious, the doctor’s actions will be different. First, the hole is cleaned from the accumulation of blood clots, food and other foreign bodies. Then a swab with antibiotics and drugs that stop inflammation is placed.

For reference! If tissue necrosis has begun, then proteolytic agents are used. They help remove dead particles.

For deep inflammation, lidocaine is used, which blocks the nerve. Be sure to prescribe frequent rinsing oral cavity solution of potassium permanganate, vitamins and analgesics are prescribed. To secure therapeutic effect Physiotherapeutic procedures are recommended:

1. Irradiation with ultraviolet or infrared laser;
2. Microwave therapy;
3. Balneotherapy (mineral waters);
4. Fluctuarization (low voltage electric current).

If bone exposure occurs, a special smoothing procedure is prescribed. If there is a threat of progression of the disease, the patient is prescribed regular procedures for treating the wound with an antiseptic (carry out until the pain completely disappears).

For serious complications, the doctor prescribes antibiotics. The course of treatment takes an average of a week. Most often, after such therapy, the problem recedes and the inflammatory process stops. After recovery, the patient is scheduled for routine dental examinations to monitor the condition.

How to help yourself?

If, due to certain circumstances, you cannot get an appointment with a doctor, then you can alleviate the serious condition with the help of Pentalgin, Ketorol, Nise or Beralgin. Drugs such as Stomatidin, Hexicon, Chlorhexidine have an antiseptic effect. When rinsing the wound, hold the solution for approximately 3 minutes. Then apply antimicrobial gel to your gums.

Soda rinses will help reduce pain (can be replaced with 3% hydrogen peroxide). To prepare the solution you will need a glass of water and half a teaspoon of soda. The procedure must be repeated at least 5 times a day.

Rinsing with the help of pharmaceutical and folk remedies will only help temporarily relieve the symptoms of the disease, but the problem will not disappear. To avoid complications and development of alveolitis into chronic illness, be sure to visit dental office as soon as possible.

To treat inflammation, bandages that are soaked in iodoform liquid are also used (you can make the task easier and buy ready-made bandages from Alvogyl). The following products are suitable for impregnation:

1. Ointment Rescuer;
2. Balsam Karavaev;
3. Levomekol (accelerates the healing process).

Traditional recipes for getting rid of pathology

It is advisable to use all home recipes only in the absence of necrotic plaque, pus, granuloma or cyst inside the socket. If available, you only need medical intervention and removal. An x-ray will help you find out exactly the shape of the alveolitis.

On early stage development or for prevention, you can use a decoction for rinsing from medicinal herbs. The composition should include:

1. Sage;
2. Chamomile;
3. Horsetail;
4. Peppermint.

Pour boiling water over the herbs and leave for 60 minutes (cover the container with a towel). After filtering, start rinsing. It is permissible to repeat the procedure up to 12 times a day.

Chamomile infusion will also have a healing and strengthening effect. 1 tbsp. Pour boiling water over a spoonful of dried flowers and leave for 20 minutes. Then rinse your mouth. Number of repetitions – up to 10 times a day.

Other verified folk remedy- a decoction of poplar buds. Half a glass of kidneys should be poured into a container and filled with vodka (0.5 liters). Leave for up to 10 days in a dark place. The dishes need to be shaken periodically. After the expiration date, strain the infusion and moisten gauze swabs with it (apply to the site of inflammation).

General preventive measures

The following doctor’s recommendations will help you avoid the appearance of alveolitis after tooth extraction.

1. Choose a good dentist. An experienced specialist will look for every opportunity to save a tooth, even if the situation seems hopeless to you.
2. Brush your teeth and rinse your mouth before going for removal.
3. Do not rinse your mouth after the procedure. This process will not speed up healing or relieve pain, but rather destroy the protective blood clot.
4. Avoid hot food and drinks for a while. Increased temperature in the area extracted tooth may cause an inflammatory process.
5. Do not touch the hole with your hands or instruments, as this increases the risk of pathogenic bacteria entering the wound.
6. Avoid heavy activities for a while physical activity, hot baths to prevent bleeding from the operation site.
7. Start brushing your teeth only a day after removal.

After the removal procedure, ice or cold compresses should be applied to the cheek for 2-3 days. This will reduce the chance of a blood clot forming. If you do simple rules prevention, the recovery process will be more comfortable, faster and safer for your health.

Alveolitis socket treatment - video

It may not go entirely smoothly and favorably. In addition to bleeding, there are the following complications after tooth extraction: swelling, infectious inflammation at the extraction site, temperature. At modern methods After tooth removal, infectious inflammation develops in very rare cases. If signs of inflammation appear, first of all, you need to determine whether there is a piece of root or instrument left in the hole, which leads to suppuration of the gums and severe consequences for the whole organism as a whole. At infectious inflammations in the oral cavity it is necessary to take antibiotics, which are recommended by the doctor; usually in these cases ciprolet is used.

Another complication after surgical removal the tooth is a “dry” socket. It appears when the necessary natural process After healing the wound, the blood clot did not form in the hole or was removed (for example, when rinsing). One of the reasons that leads to a dry socket may be an overly traumatic operation, which causes alveolitis - inflammation at the site of tooth extraction (swelling, increased temperature, etc.). Another unpleasant complication- osteomyelitis, which is severe form alveolitis. Osteomyelitis is characterized by severe pain in the socket and adjacent tissues, heat, weakness, swelling of the gums, cheeks. In this case, the inflammation process can also affect neighboring teeth. Osteomyelitis is treated surgical methods, after which mandatory inpatient recovery is required. Although the disease is quite severe, this kind of complication develops in very rare cases.

The appearance of a gap between the maxillary sinuses and upper jaw– a complication appears after the teeth in the upper row were removed, which had large roots located in close proximity to maxillary sinuses(usually 5 or 6 teeth in the top row).

When removing a tooth, the surgeon may accidentally touch nearby nerve endings, which will lead to numbness of the soft parts of the oral cavity (lips, tongue, etc.). The numbness usually goes away after the nerves heal, which takes a few weeks.

Dislocation or fracture lower jaw occurs when strong pressure on the jaw or when removing a tooth with very large roots or with a large cyst on the root.

You should not take it lightly, because after such a procedure there are complications, just like after any other intervention.

They can be caused by the behavior of patients, or they can arise for reasons beyond their control. Let's consider the main reasons for complications during and after tooth extraction, as well as characteristic features and methods of treatment.

Any tooth extraction cannot be considered a harmless dental procedure. Moreover, modern medicine With the introduction of tooth-saving technologies, he considers this a last resort measure. After all, the loss of even one tooth is a big problem for a person.

Tooth extraction is carried out only for medical reasons, when it is impossible to prevent the development of the disease in other ways. This procedure is not performed during pregnancy.

A separate problem is the removal of the third molar: due to the peculiarities of its position, such a procedure is the most common cause development of complications.

Light extraction of teeth is carried out using dental forceps. The doctor makes special movements to help remove the tooth from the socket.

Complex extraction is a situation where a tooth cannot be removed using forceps alone. The doctor first creates access to the tooth root by cutting the periosteum. If the tooth is located obliquely or horizontally, then removal occurs in parts using special tools.

The method of tooth extraction depends on each case. Only a specialist can determine the tactics of such an operation. This is a very serious procedure, which in some cases can cause complications.

What causes unpleasant consequences?

Unpleasant consequences and excruciating pain after tooth extraction are associated with a number of reasons. Although the modern level of development of dentistry reduces the likelihood of complications to a minimum.

Thus, the most common cause of bleeding is blood clotting pathologies. Even the reception acetylsalicylic acid poses a serious risk of bleeding.

The same can be said for patients suffering arterial hypertension. When the pressure stabilizes in such patients, the risk of bleeding remains.

Bleeding wounds can also occur as a result of the following reasons:

• features of the pathological process;
• features of the location of the teeth;
• careless removal;
• failure to follow doctor's recommendations.

Inflammation after tooth extraction - alveolitis or osteomyelitis is provoked due to the following factors:

• the existence of multiple foci of inflammation with frequent relapses;
• traumatic removal (this creates conditions for penetration pathogenic microflora in fabric);
• absence of a blood clot in the tissue formed after removal;
• pathological changes in the body due to stress, as well as acute diseases;
• Availability endocrine diseases in the stage of exacerbation or decompensation;
• exhaustion.

Perforation maxillary sinus occurs for the following reasons:

• anatomical features of the structure of the tooth and the location of its roots;
• the presence of chronic foci of inflammation;
• careless actions of the doctor;
• if during the procedure the patient suffered from inflammation of the maxillary sinus.

These are the most common causes of complications after tooth extraction.

How do the risks exist?

After tooth extraction, the patient may have the following complications:

• bleeding;
• temperature increase;
• paresthesia;
• change in the position of neighboring teeth;
• trauma or incomplete tooth extraction;

Alveolitis is a painful inflammation of the tooth socket

Alveolitis is an inflammation of the socket after tooth extraction. In some cases, the hole may look completely normal, and the diagnosis of “alveolitis” is made by a doctor only after a thorough examination. However, in most cases, the hole swells and an unpleasant odor appears from it.

Upon visual inspection, the hole is empty, there is a yellowish coating, as well as food debris. In some cases, purulent contents are found in it. The nearby gum is swollen, bright red, and painful to the touch. In severe cases, exposed bone tissue is found.

In case of violation, pain is observed of different nature– acute or mild. They are often accompanied by a headache.

When the blood clot suppurates, it is noticeable. In this case, symptoms of general intoxication of the body are often observed - weakness, bad feeling, elevated temperature body, fatigue.

At acute course During the process, swelling of the cheek or gums is added to these symptoms. Typically, the patient feels severe pain.

Alveolitis is treated exclusively by a dentist. Self-medication is useless in terms of effectiveness.

The doctor removes the blood clot under anesthesia. The hole is washed antiseptic solutions. At home, you may need to wash the hole yourself.

Blood from a tooth - drip, drip, drip...

It often appears if a large vessel is damaged during tooth extraction. It also appears after a few hours after surgery or even at night.

However, you should not expect the bleeding to stop on its own. At home, you can make a tight gauze swab and place it over the hole.

Cold must be applied to the cheek in the projection of the socket. If it is not possible to visit a doctor, then a hemostatic sponge, which you can buy at a pharmacy, will help. The condition is alleviated by taking Dicinone.

If these measures are not successful, you must immediately contact a dental clinic or call an ambulance.

In order to, you need:

• do not take hot water procedures;
• do not make sudden facial movements;
• do not smoke or drink alcohol;
• do not engage in physical labor.

Temperature increase

After tooth extraction, natural healing of the hole occurs, and it is possible slight increase body temperature. However, in some cases there is a risk of swelling, redness, and pain.

They indicate that microorganisms have entered the hole and an inflammatory process is developing.

In this case, you cannot delay contacting a doctor, nor should you self-medicate. In the clinic, the patient is provided with qualified assistance aimed at relieving inflammation.

Hematoma formation

A hematoma usually forms in the gum tissue. It develops as a result of capillary fragility or hypertension.

The appearance of a hematoma is indicated by enlarged gums, redness, and increased temperature.

Hematoma is treated by a dentist.

Paresthesia - decreased sensitivity

When nerves are damaged, sensitivity decreases. A person loses touch, pain, temperature and taste sensitivity. Often the sensations are similar to those observed after the administration of an anesthetic.

Most often, paresthesia goes away within a few days. However full recovery Sensitivity may last for several months. Persistent paresthesia is said to exist if it lasts more than six months.

In case of prolonged paresthesia, the patient is prescribed combined medical supplies. Injections of Dibazol, Galantamine or aloe extract are indicated.

Flux formation

After tooth extraction, an infection occurs in the jaw. This is a purulent focus formed in the gum tissue.

Among the signs this complication need to mark severe pain, radiating to the eyes or temples, swelling of the cheeks, redness and swelling of the mucous membrane, increased body temperature.

It consists of opening it and washing the cavity with antiseptics. The doctor also prescribes antibiotics.

Injuries and tooth displacements

After tooth extraction, the following injuries are possible:

1. Damage to adjacent teeth. They may be fragmented, broken or weakened.
2. Incomplete removal occurs when a tooth is removed in parts.
3. Jaw fracture occurs in patients with weakened jaw bones. Most often this happens after.
4. Removal of part of the alveolar ridge occurs most often due to unprofessional and careless actions of the doctor. This problem can be solved with the help of plastic surgery.

Complications during the procedure

Numerous complications often occur during tooth extraction. They are divided into general and local:

1. TO general complications include collapse, shock, fainting, attack hypertensive crisis etc. In this case, assistance to the patient is provided immediately.
2. Most common local complication is a fracture of a tooth or tooth root. Most often this happens with a high degree of destruction. The patient feels severe pain.

Treatment for a fracture depends on the severity of each individual case.

If the forceps are selected incorrectly, a fracture, dislocation or removal of an adjacent tooth may result. This often happens during rough operations.

Jaw dislocation occurs when the mouth is opened too wide. Treatment for a dislocation involves its reduction.

If the doctor works carelessly, damage to the soft tissues of the mouth may occur. Treatment for such injuries depends on the extent of the injury.

Other problems

Complications also include:

• rudiment damage permanent teeth in children;
• swallowing a tooth;
• aspiration of the tooth with subsequent development of asphyxia;
• perforation of the maxillary sinus;
• sudden bleeding.

So, tooth extraction cannot be a harmless and simple intervention. This is always a serious operation that has some contraindications.

As a rule, the attentive approach of the doctor and the use of modern dental equipment minimizes the appearance of various kinds complications.

At timely treatment possible complications recovery occurs, and jaw functions are restored.

FAQ

First of all, one that does not injure the gums during use. At the same time, the quality of oral hygiene depends more on whether the teeth are brushed correctly than on the shape or type of toothbrush. Concerning electric brushes, then for uninformed people they are a more preferable option; although you can clean your teeth efficiently with a simple (manual) brush. In addition, a toothbrush alone is often not enough - floss (special dental floss) must be used to clean between the teeth.

Mouthwashes are additional hygiene products that effectively cleanse the entire oral cavity of harmful bacteria. All these funds can be divided into two large groups– therapeutic, preventive and hygienic.

The latter include mouthwashes that eliminate unpleasant odors and promote fresh breath.

As for therapeutic and prophylactic ones, these include rinses that have anti-plaque/anti-inflammatory/anti-carious effects and help reduce the sensitivity of hard dental tissues. This is achieved due to the presence in the composition of various types of biologically active ingredients. Therefore, the rinse aid must be selected for each specific person individually, as well as toothpaste. And since the product is not washed off with water, it only consolidates the effect of the active ingredients of the paste.

This type of cleaning is completely safe for dental tissues and causes less trauma. soft fabrics oral cavity. The point is that in dental clinics a special level of ultrasonic vibrations is selected, which affects the density of the stone, disrupts its structure and separates it from the enamel. In addition, in places where tissues are treated with an ultrasonic scaler (this is the name of the device for cleaning teeth), a special cavitation effect occurs (after all, oxygen molecules are released from water droplets, which enter the treatment area and cool the tip of the instrument). Cell membranes pathogenic microorganisms are torn apart by these molecules, causing the microbes to die.

It turns out that ultrasonic cleaning has a comprehensive effect (provided that really high-quality equipment is used) both on the stone and on the microflora as a whole, cleansing it. But the same cannot be said about mechanical cleaning. Moreover, ultrasonic cleaning more pleasant for the patient and takes less time.

According to dentists, dental treatment should be carried out regardless of your situation. Moreover, a pregnant woman is recommended to visit the dentist every one to two months, because, as you know, when carrying a baby, the teeth are significantly weakened, suffer from a deficiency of phosphorus and calcium, and therefore the risk of developing caries or even tooth loss increases significantly. For the treatment of pregnant women it is necessary to use harmless means anesthesia. The most appropriate course of treatment should be selected exclusively by a qualified dentist, who will also prescribe the required medications that strengthen tooth enamel.

It is quite difficult to treat wisdom teeth due to their anatomical structure. However, qualified specialists successfully treat them. Wisdom teeth prosthetics are recommended when one (or more) adjacent tooth is missing or needs to be removed (if you also remove a wisdom tooth, then there will simply be nothing to chew). In addition, removal of a wisdom tooth is undesirable if it is located on the jaw right place, has its own antagonist tooth and takes part in the chewing process. You should also take into account the fact that poor quality treatment can lead to the most serious complications.

Here, of course, a lot depends on a person’s taste. So, there are absolutely invisible systems attached to inside teeth (known as lingual), and there are also transparent ones. But the most popular are still metal bracket systems with colored metal/elastic ligatures. It's really fashionable!

To begin with, it is simply unattractive. If this is not enough for you, we present the following argument - tartar and plaque on the teeth often provoke bad breath. Is this not enough for you? In this case, we move on: if tartar “grows”, this will inevitably lead to irritation and inflammation of the gums, that is, it will create favorable conditions for periodontitis (a disease in which periodontal pockets, pus constantly flows out of them, and the teeth themselves become mobile). And this is a direct path to loss healthy teeth. Moreover, the number of harmful bacteria increases, which causes increased dental caries.

The service life of a well-established implant will be tens of years. According to statistics, at least 90 percent of implants function perfectly 10 years after installation, while the service life is on average 40 years. Typically, this period will depend both on the design of the product and on how carefully the patient cares for it. That is why during cleaning mandatory you need to use an irrigator. In addition, it is necessary to visit the dentist at least once a year. All these measures will significantly reduce the risk of implant loss.

Removal of a dental cyst can be done therapeutically or surgical method. In the second case, we are talking about tooth extraction with further cleaning of the gums. In addition, there are those modern methods which allow you to save the tooth. This is, first of all, cystectomy - a rather complex operation that involves removing the cyst and the affected root tip. Another method is hemisection, in which the root and a fragment of the tooth above it are removed, after which it (the part) is restored with a crown.

As for therapeutic treatment, it consists of cleaning out the cyst through a root canal. This is also a difficult option, especially not always effective. Which method should you choose? This will be decided by the doctor together with the patient.

In the first case, professional systems based on carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide are used to change the color of teeth. Obviously, it is better to give preference to professional whitening.

Tooth extraction is one of the most unpleasant medical procedures that a person has to face. Even if no pain is felt during the removal itself due to the anesthetic, then after the freezing stops working, the pain may not subside for several days in a row. Sometimes the reason for this is an inflammatory process that develops in the wound left after tooth extraction (alveolitis).

After and, due to the entry of bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms into the socket, alveolitis begins. Sometimes this leads to infection of the tissues located next to the tooth socket. The disease develops in almost 90% of cases after the removal of wisdom teeth or molars.

The thin walls of the sockets are easily damaged as a result of tooth extraction, which can lead to a complication, which is alveolitis.

Alveolitis often develops due to the fault of a dentist who does his job dishonestly. As a result, tooth tissue may remain in the socket, which must be removed by a doctor. But non-compliance with hygiene rules for caring for the wound after tooth extraction also leads to inflammation.
The main causes of alveolitis are as follows:

• destruction of the upper part of the tooth, while the roots remain;
• chronic inflammatory processes in the gums;
• the tooth has not fully erupted;
• poor treatment with antiseptic agents;
• caries;
• the tooth may crumble when touched by medical instruments;
• destruction of the blood clot in the hole, which protects it from infection;
• accumulation of hard or soft plaque. The development of infection can be triggered by plaque getting into the hole;
• eating rough food after tooth extraction;
• a part of the cyst that was not removed remained;
• The root of the tooth grows crooked, or it is linked to the roots of neighboring teeth. In this case, the doctor needs to cut the gum, saw out the tooth or remove it in parts. In this case, additional injury occurs and a favorable environment for the development of alveolitis is created.

This figure shows: 1 - diseased tooth, 2 - tooth extraction by surgical intervention, 3- alveolitis as a result of an inflammatory process caused by a number of the above reasons.

Disease development process

Tooth extraction is a difficult and traumatic operation that both adults and children fear. But besides this, it leads to a number of complications. One type of complication is alveolitis, that is, inflammation of the walls of the socket in which the tooth was previously located. The occurrence of the disease is promoted by injury to the walls of the socket. In the jaw there is an alveolar process, which is divided into separate cells for each tooth (socket). The thin walls of these sockets are easily damaged by tooth extraction. Sometimes they are completely broken out when teeth are removed from the gum bone. This is accompanied by destruction bone tissue, and crumbs and debris fall into the hole and lead to the development of infection.

According to statistics, alveolitis of the socket develops more often if molars in the lower jaw are pulled out due to its structure. In the lower jaw more strong bone, from which it is very difficult to extract tooth roots. Also, the infection very quickly penetrates deep into the gums and purulent inflammation develops.

Important! The use is even very strong antiseptics and sterile instruments does not guarantee that alveolitis will not develop. The likelihood of developing inflammation is especially high if the tooth was removed during acute infectious diseases nose, mouth, chronic intestinal infections, complication of caries. ×

Pus after wisdom tooth removal may appear within a few days. First, the inflammation affects the upper layers of gum tissue, and then the condition gradually worsens and reaches the gums. After which various complications may occur, the most common of which are: periostitis (flux), abscess, phlegmon.

Alveolitis of the molar socket in the lower jaw is a purulent inflammation as a result of severe trauma to the dental bed and an infected environment.

Symptoms

First, there is pain and redness of the gums in the area where the tooth was previously located; part of the blood clot may be missing in the socket or may not exist at all. In this case, the hole is filled with saliva or food debris. Over time, alveolitis begins to progress much faster and mild discomfort appears. Then the face swells on the side of the affected hole, the pain becomes more and more severe, the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes enlarge and become painful when palpated. There is an increase in temperature, putrid smell from the mouth, the wound begins to fester.
Over time, the pain begins to radiate to the ear, temple, and head. Sharpness occurs when chewing painful sensations, sometimes it becomes painful to open your mouth and speak. All these symptoms of alveolitis are a serious reason to visit a dentist. A purulent focus in the body creates a danger to human life and health. Intoxication gradually develops, manifested by nausea, vomiting, general malaise and weakness.
Alveolitis comes in several types, each of which is characterized by its own symptoms.

Kinds	Symptoms
Serous	Continuous aching pain that becomes stronger while chewing food. The lymph nodes are not enlarged, the temperature does not rise. This condition continues for a week, then moves to the next stage.
Purulent	The pain becomes stronger, the infection affects the person’s condition with weakness and fever. The face swells on the affected side, it becomes asymmetrical and puffy. If the hole has festered after tooth extraction, then an unpleasant odor from the mouth is felt, and upon examination a gray plaque is detected. During palpation, this occurs sharp pain that the person is literally climbing the wall.
Hypertrophic	The main symptoms subside and the disease becomes chronic. The gums become bluish, swell, and pus is released from the inflamed hole.

Diagnosis and therapy of alveolitis

Diagnosing the disease is not difficult, since the symptoms are quite specific. Usually, examination and patient complaints are enough to make a diagnosis. During inspection, a yellow or green coating is detected in the hole. There is also a blood clot in decomposing form. The process of suppuration is visible and an unpleasant odor is acutely felt. In the most severe cases, bone tissue is exposed. A slight swelling is detected.

The presented photo shows the alveolitis of the socket of an extracted tooth, the arrow indicates a protruding fragment of jaw bone tissue.

Important! Treatment of alveolitis after the removal of wisdom teeth and other teeth is quite complex and it is strictly forbidden to do it yourself. Without rendering qualified assistance a number of complications will soon develop, the most dangerous of which is blood poisoning. ×

A mandatory measure for the treatment of alveolitis is to clean the socket from foreign bodies that cause infection. First of all they produce local anesthesia, clean the hole, wash it with an antiseptic and dry it with gauze. The hole is then refreshed with a scalpel to form a new blood clot. Apply a cloth moistened with an antiseptic and anesthetic to the hole. The inflammation should resolve within a few days. If this does not happen, then applications with propolis, antiseptic gels and balms are recommended.
On late stage After cleaning the hole, place a tampon soaked in drugs that eliminate inflammation. For deep infections, lidocaine is injected to block the nerve. If the pain does not go away after 2 days, the blockade is repeated. The patient should regularly rinse his mouth with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
If alveolitis develops after tooth extraction, its treatment should include proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes relieve inflammation and clean the upper area of ​​the wound. Gauze dressings with these enzymes are injected directly into the hole. They dissolve necrotic areas. If there is a risk of inflammation spreading to nearby tissues, antibiotics are prescribed orally and on the socket. The dentist prescribes analgesics, sulfonamides, and vitamins.
For alveolitis, various drugs are prescribed:

1. macrolides (sumamed, carithromycin, azithromycin);
2. fluoroquinolones (sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin);
3. aminoglycosides;
4. lincosamides (clindamacin);
5. antiseptics (corsotil, stomatidine, furatsilin, miramistin);
6. anti-inflammatory drugs that relieve pain (ketorol, ibuprofen, voltaren, nurofen).

TO drug treatment In addition, physiotherapy is prescribed.
Apply:

• infrared laser;
• ultraviolet treatment;
• microwave therapy;
• fluctuarization;
• balneotherapy.

Laser therapy can speed up biological processes, speed up metabolism, saturate the wound with oxygen.

After the treatment, the blood clot in the hole in a couple of days turns from burgundy to light with a yellowish tint. At this time, do not confuse a blood clot with purulent discharge, although they look similar. If suppuration occurs, then associated symptoms, such as pain in the socket area, redness, and the smell of pus. If the healing process proceeds normally, then no symptoms are observed. The hole gradually tightens, its edges come closer together. And on the seventh day, the blood clot is completely replaced by granulation tissue.
Complete gum formation occurs differently for everyone and depends on the professionalism of the dentist. If the tooth extraction was carried out roughly, the wound will take a long time to heal. Healing within 14-21 days is considered normal, and after a couple of months the gums are fully formed. The inflammation goes away within a couple of weeks. During this time, signs of infection are observed, but they gradually fade away and become less pronounced.

Preventive measures

Before treating a tooth, a number of measures should be taken to reduce the likelihood of developing an inflammatory process:

• Just in case, you should check your blood for clotting and, if necessary, warn your doctor about taking blood thinning medications. At correct procedure healing, after the tooth is removed, the hole fills with blood, forming a dense clot. With poor clotting, a blood clot does not form, and its place is taken by food debris in which pathogenic microflora develops.
• If you have diabetes, AIDS, or are elderly, you should consult a doctor about the use of antibiotics before removing teeth.

Inflammation of the socket is a painful and complex disease. The sooner alveolitis is treated, the faster the recovery will occur. After proper treatment the inflammation disappears within a week, the wound heals. At this time, you should not pick the hole, scrape the gum, or damage the blood clot. It is better not to chew on the side of the jaw where the tooth was removed until complete healing. Do not eat hot or hard food. You should follow all doctor's instructions and come for a second examination if one is prescribed. After recovery, you need to carefully take care of your oral cavity and visit the dentist at least twice a year. And then unpleasant consequences alveolitis will no longer remind you of itself.