How does obstructive bronchitis manifest in children? What is obstructive bronchitis in children and how is it treated? Obstructive bronchitis in children treatment by doctor

All parents worry about the health of their child. One of the unpleasant diseases of the respiratory system is obstructive bronchitis in children. His treatment must strictly comply with the recommendations of the attending physician. During the course of the disease, narrowing of the bronchi occurs. It becomes difficult for the baby to exhale. This diagnosis usually occurs in children younger age.

Symptoms of obstructive bronchitis in a child

The disease has a number of specific signs. This helps the pediatrician quickly establish a diagnosis and begin treatment. Obstructive bronchitis- this is a spasm of the bronchi that appears against the background viral infection or allergies and progresses. In this case, bronchial patency is impaired. General state the little patient is deteriorating. Delay in treatment or inaction will quickly lead to serious consequences.

Parents should pay attention to the following symptoms:

1. Sudden deterioration in the child's condition at night. Especially if before that in the daytime and evening time he played actively.
2. The appearance of unreasonable anxiety. In infants and children under one year old, this is expressed in constant crying, in children over 1 year old – insomnia. Children can thrash around a lot in their sleep.
3. Breathing becomes bubbling. Parents sometimes compare this symptom to the sounds of an accordion.
4. Whistling sounds are observed. They are heard from a distance and attract attention. During auscultation, the doctor listens to moist fine bubbling rales.
5. With bronchial obstruction, it is difficult for a child to exhale. There is constant shortness of breath.
6. A cough occurs and sputum begins to come out.

Important! As the disease progresses, children develop respiratory failure, which is accompanied by tachycardia! The skin may acquire a bluish tint.

The clinical picture of obstructive bronchitis is quite bright. This will help you quickly contact a specialist. The sooner the correct diagnosis is made and treatment is started, the lower the risk of complications.

Types of disease

According to ICD-10, bronchitis is divided into the following types:

• spicy;
• chronic.

If the disease is accompanied by a narrowing respiratory tract, bronchitis is called obstructive. Damage to small branches, bronchioles, is bronchiolitis. It occurs in children under one year of age.

Each type differs in its course, as well as its severity and causes of occurrence. Before starting to treat the disease, parents should definitely consult a doctor.

Bronchitis with obstruction can be of several degrees of severity. Among them:

• light;
• medium-heavy;
• heavy.

In addition, the types of bronchitis are distinguished according to their course. These include:

• acute obstructive;
• chronic obstructive.

Repeated and frequent bronchitis in a child also appears when food enters the respiratory tract. This form of the disease is difficult to treat.

Based on the examination data and test results, the doctor develops an optimal treatment regimen, taking into account the type of bronchitis, age and individual characteristics child.

Causes

If a child has frequent obstructive bronchitis, parents should know what to do. The leading cause of the disease is pathogenic microorganisms. Provoking factors are decreased immunity, contact with a sick person, a tendency to allergic reactions.

The main causes of the development of acute and recurrent obstructive bronchitis are:

Important! Living conditions can also negatively affect the child’s health! If there are industrial facilities, highways or highways with a large number of cars, gas stations near the house, all this can cause the development of obstructive bronchitis. Signs of the disease also begin to appear in children whose parents smoke.

How to treat at home

Treatment according to Komarovsky is based on the creation special conditions at home to reduce symptoms and help your child recover. It includes the following principles.

Compliance with a special regime

If a small patient has a rise heat, parents should make sure that he maintains bed rest. For bronchitis without fever, moderate physical activity is allowed.

You definitely need to go out into the fresh air. The walk can last from 1 to 1.5 hours. The child must be dressed according to the weather. It is better to refrain from walking in severe frost or wind.

Important! You should not walk near highways or on the playground with other children. Exhaust gases and active games can provoke an exacerbation!

Proper nutrition

First of all, you need to offer your child plenty of fluids. This will help reduce intoxication and also dilute the sputum. As a drink, it is useful to give compotes, fruit drinks, decoctions, freshly squeezed juices, mineral water and weak tea. To support small organism, food should be easily digestible, enriched with vitamins and nutrients. These can be soups or various vegetable and fruit purees.

A diet for obstructive bronchitis involves excluding from the children's diet all dishes that can provoke an allergic reaction.

Creating certain conditions in the apartment

Every day you should ventilate the room in which the small patient lives. Do not allow too dry air in the room. To moisten it, it is recommended to use a spray bottle or place a container of water near the crib. When cleaning the apartment at this time, it is better not to use household chemicals containing chlorine and other chemical substances. This will worsen the consequences of the disease and cause a relapse.

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky strongly recommends eliminating passive smoking from the baby’s life. Parents should not smoke in an apartment where a sick child is located.

Drug treatment

Diagnosis and treatment are carried out only by qualified specialists. The use of any medications at your own discretion is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to the development of serious consequences for the baby’s health. As therapy, the doctor prescribes several types of medications.

These include:

1. Antibiotics and antivirals. For very young children these are Genferon suppositories, Orvirem syrup or Grippferon drops. Over the age of three years, you can prescribe medications in tablets - for example, Arbidol or Kagocel.
2. Medicines for cough. They help liquefy and properly discharge sputum. Children are usually prescribed Ambroxol, Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Bronchobos, Mucosol, Fluditec. Ambroxol is considered one of the most effective; it can be used for inhalation. The course lasts from 7 to 10 days. Herbal medicines are also used - Bronchosan, Bronchicum, Gedelix, Herbion, Bronchipret, Tussin, Doctor Mom, Prospan, Doctor Theiss.
3. Medicines to help relieve obstruction. Very often, such drugs are prescribed in the form of inhalations through a nebulizer. For very young children, Berodual is recommended. It is diluted with saline and used 2-3 times a day as inhalation. In addition, Ascoril, Salmeterol, and Clenbuterol may be prescribed. For older children, aerosol inhalers are used as treatment - for example, Berodual or Salbutamol, as well as the drugs Teopek and Eufillin.
4. Medicines that will help you quickly cope with allergies. For babies older than six months, the use of Claritin and Zyrtec is recommended.
5. Medicines containing hormones. They are prescribed only in cases of severe disease in order to relieve bronchial obstruction and reduce inflammatory processes. The most common and effective medicine in this case it is Pulmicort.

Antibiotics are not always used from the first day of illness. Typically, this requires the following prerequisites:

• high temperature for more than 3 days;
• purulent inflammation in the body;
• intoxication;
• sputum has become yellow or yellow-green in color;
• suspicion that the disease may develop into pneumonia.

The pediatrician looks at the general dynamics of the disease and, if necessary, prescribes antibiotics Macropen, Augmentin, Cefazolin, Sumamed.

Massage and gymnastics

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis is impossible without drug therapy, massage and special breathing exercises effectively complement it. Before you begin the chosen procedure, you need to consult a doctor and find out about possible contraindications.

A cough after bronchitis will go away faster if you give your child a massage. It promotes the removal of sputum. To do this, tap the edge of your palm on the baby’s back. You need to do the massage carefully so as not to cause pain and discomfort.

Breathing exercises will help the body get rid of phlegm on its own. To do this, children are asked to blow up a balloon or blow out candles.

Treatment with folk remedies

Before starting therapy, you need to know the differences between obstructive bronchitis and simple bronchitis. The main symptom is a noisy whistling exhalation. For this pathology, the following are used traditional methods treatment.

Infusions and decoctions

They are usually made with alcohol, but for children they use water. An infusion with natural ingredients will help strengthen immune system, improve the expectoration process. Most effective means are:

1. Sage and milk. You will need 3 tbsp. l. dried sage and 1 liter of milk. Bring to a boil, then simmer over low heat for 15 minutes. Leave to brew for 1 hour. Add 3 tbsp. l. honey Drink 100 ml every hour.
2. Carrots and honey. You should take carrot juice and honey in equal proportions. To stir thoroughly. Take 1 tsp. 5-6 times a day.
3. Viburnum and honey. You will need 200 g of each ingredient. Mix thoroughly and cook over low heat until the liquid has evaporated. Ready product place in a glass jar, take 1 tsp. each hour.

These recipes help to quickly clear sputum.

Compresses

They are done on the back or chest area to warm the skin and muscles and eliminate spasms. Thanks to compresses, blood circulation is normalized. The following recipes are used:

1. Butter and honey. These components must be mixed in equal proportions to a homogeneous consistency, preheated in a saucepan. Apply the slightly cooled mixture to the back area, cover natural fabric and polyethylene. Put a warm sweater on top of the child. Do such compresses daily before going to bed.
2. Lard. It should be melted together with a small amount of honey and butter. Use the cooled mixture as in the previous recipe.

Treatment should not be stopped even when the child's condition improves. The baby must undergo a full course of therapy.

Inhalations

Children tolerate this procedure well. It can be done with different substances, which speeds up the healing process. The effect is observed when using the following inhalation solutions:

1. Sea salt. Add 3 tbsp to 1 liter of water. l. salt.
2. Essential oils. They are used if the baby does not have allergies. To prepare the solution, you will need no more than 5 drops of eucalyptus, juniper, lavender oil per 1 glass of water.
3. Onion and garlic. These products should be crushed in small quantities and added to the solution for inhalation. Inhalation is carried out with caution.

Can be used for the decoction procedure medicinal herbs– mint, lemon balm, eucalyptus, sage.

Important! Treatment folk remedies will help cope with the disease in the initial stages! But consultation with your doctor is required. Also in recipes traditional medicine Do not use ingredients to which your baby is allergic.

Prevention

To prevent the development of obstructive bronchitis in small child, parents must follow certain rules. The baby does not yet understand what is good and bad for his body; adults bear full responsibility for the health of the baby.

Prevention is as follows:

• walk on fresh air away from polluted streets and highways;
• go to the sea with your child. Sea air is very beneficial for the respiratory system;
• regularly carry out wet cleaning in the apartment;
• remove all foods from the diet that can lead to allergies;
• Do not take your child into smoky rooms under any circumstances;
• ensure sound and healthy sleep.

When the first symptoms appear, you should not treat your child with strong medications in order to get rid of the disease faster. This may lead to the development of complications. Only a doctor can make an appointment medicines.

Today, obstructive bronchitis is a common disease, especially in childhood. To prevent complications, you should always contact to a qualified doctor. The child will recover quickly and relapse will be prevented.

Bronchitis occurs when the lining of the bronchi becomes inflamed, caused by viruses or bacteria. In infants - as a complication of ARVI or upper respiratory tract diseases. It manifests itself primarily as a cough - first dry, then wet.

A pediatrician should make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. What does it consist of, and how else can parents help their child?

Features of the treatment of bronchitis in infants

In young children (up to one year old), bronchitis is dangerous because it can quickly turn from acute to chronic and even complicated by pneumonia.

Most dangerous form bronchitis in infants is bronchiolitis - spread of inflammation to the small bronchi due to viral infection . The baby's condition worsens sharply, his shortness of breath increases and cyanosis occurs.

Under no circumstances should you hesitate to call a doctor if the baby is less than a year old or has a fever (above 38 degrees), shortness of breath, bluish lips and nails, or a strong nonproductive cough. In such a situation, immediate hospitalization is necessary.

Before the ambulance arrives, parents' help will consist of relieving cold symptoms

1. It is necessary to create optimal temperature and humidity using heaters and humidifiers, ventilate the room by going with the child to another room.
2. At low temperature and the absence of allergic reactions make breathing easier crumbs can be lubricated with warming creams and ointments.
3. To soften a cough, you can hold your baby in your arms over the steam. from a container with a hot, weak salt solution (but this is only if the child does not have a fever!).
4. Let your baby drink as much as possible to avoid dehydration. . When weaning from the breast or bottle, drink pure water from a teaspoon - little by little, but often.

At the hospital, the child will be prescribed a number of medications and procedures.

• Inhalation and oxygen breathing to get rid of signs of respiratory failure.
• Preparations with interferon.
• Antihistamines to relieve swelling and avoid allergic reactions to medications.
• Rehydrants for dehydration.
• Antibiotics - only if there is a need for them. Usually Augmentin, Sumamed, Amoxiclav, Macropen, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone are prescribed.

How to treat acute bronchitis in children after one year?

Severe forms of the disease will also require hospitalization. Children older than one year can be treated on an outpatient basis for mild forms of the disease, following the regimen and doctor’s recommendations.

To successfully overcome the disease, you will need to take a number of necessary measures

• Neutralize the cause of infection - viruses, bacteria or allergens.
• Relieve puffiness respiratory tract.
• Reduce the viscosity of sputum for its better recovery.
• Relieve dry hacking cough .

Parents should know what can and should be done at home

1. The basis of treatment for bronchitis is to adhere to bed rest, and drink plenty of warm drinks every 30-40 minutes (teas, fruit drinks, herbal decoctions, boiled milk with honey and butter, Borjomi, rosehip infusion).
2. The room where the baby is located must be warm (20-220 C), but well ventilated. To maintain the required humidity of 70%, it is necessary to carry out frequent wet cleaning without chlorine-containing products, use a humidifier or wet towels on radiators. Eliminate passive smoking. Continue walking only after the fever has subsided; you can also “walk” at home, wrapping the baby in a blanket, sitting down open window or windows for 10-15 minutes.
3. All medications are assigned exclusively individually.
4. Additional events (distracting and calming) can be used only in the absence of contraindications and discomfort in the baby. A good help in treatment will be effleurage massage and baths with decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs (in the absence of fever). Again, all this is done only in the absence of high fever and on the recommendation of a doctor!
5. During illness it is recommended adhere to a strict dairy-vegetable fortified diet hypoallergenic diet. Meals are fractional, food should have enough calories.

What will the doctor prescribe?

1. Medicines that relieve wet cough (may be prescribed, but not required)

• Mucolytics to thin mucus— Ambroxol (Fervex, Lazolvan), Acetylcysteine, Bromhexine; mandatory when prescribing antibiotics.
• Expectorants for removing sputum from the bronchi- Pertussin, Mucaltin, herbal products (use marshmallow, anise, elecampane, thermopsis, licorice, plantain). It is not prescribed to infants due to the possibility of a gag reflex and increased coughing.

2. Remedies for dry, non-productive cough : Stoptussin, Sinekod.

3. If necessary, antibiotics with wide range actions . They are prescribed with caution in cases of suspected bacterial origin of the infection and in children under six months of age - to prevent pneumonia. In other cases, according to the famous pediatrician E. Komarovsky, they do not reduce, but increase the risk of various complications - allergies, dysbacteriosis and the formation of resistance of microorganisms to the drug.

4. Paracetamol syrups that reduce inflammation and fever - at elevated temperature.

5. Drugs to enhance immunity and fight viruses - vitamin C, echinacea, Bronchomunal, Aflubin, Umkalor, Anaferon, products with interferon.

Pharmacy medications should be given on a schedule at the same time of day. You should not mix several medications - keep a diary and note the intake of all medications.

• Carrying out inhalations using specially designed devices - steam, oil inhaler or nebulizer. For the procedures, saline solution, mineral water, soda solution, and essential oils are used.
• Steaming the legs and rubbing them with warming ointments - if there is no fever or allergies.
• Warm compresses with sunflower oil on the back and right side of the chest. Placed in the evening when there is no temperature.
• Vibration chest massage . Assigned upon appearance wet cough, is not used in the acute period of the disease and during fever. The child is placed on his tummy so that his head is lower than his legs. The skin is stroked and then beaten from bottom to top towards the spine for 8-10 minutes. After the procedure, the child must clear his throat, so massage should not be given to very young children.
• Turn babies from one side to the other more often - this will cause sputum movement and a reflex cough.
• Breathing exercises : “Blow up the balloons” and “Blow out the candles.”

Obstructive bronchitis in young children, what to do?

If, during bronchitis, a significant accumulation of mucus causes blockage of the bronchi, the cough becomes hoarse, and breathing “whistles,” then the child’s condition is already quite serious and requires urgent treatment.

The primary task is to restore bronchial patency

1. Try to calm yourself and calm your baby , since when excited, respiratory failure intensifies. Age-appropriate sedatives can be used.

2. Do not refuse hospitalization, the hospital will help your child!

• Will do inhalation using a nebulizer or ultrasonic inhaler. Obstruction is effectively and quickly relieved with a mixture of salbutamol and glucocorticoid hormones. It is possible to use mineral water, alkaline soda solution, essential oils and medicinal herbs (if there are no allergies), and drugs to thin out phlegm. Up to 2 years of age, inhalations are used only in cases where the child is not afraid of the device, does not cry or escape from his hands.
• They will let you “breathe” with humidified oxygen.
• In case of severe dehydration and intoxication will appoint infusion therapy With intravenous administration bronchodilators.
• Will conduct curative therapy according to the basic scheme with the use of antibiotics, expectorants, antihistamines, antipyretics, immunostimulating and antiviral drugs, physiotherapy and vibration massage.

Important! Antibiotics are prescribed only for bacterial origin infections. In case of obstruction due to allergies or a virus, the use of antibiotics is contraindicated.

Regime, hygiene, diet, drinking plenty of fluids and additional actions of parents - breathing exercises, vibration massage to facilitate the passage of mucus, compresses are the same as for acute bronchitis.

It will be useful additional conduct postural massage - tapping the baby's back in the morning. The baby is placed on his tummy (the head should be lower than the legs) and tapped with the ribs of the palms cupped for about 10 minutes. Then the child needs to cough.

Besides, You are allowed to walk for an hour a day, dressing for the weather , away from roads (so as not to breathe dust and exhaust fumes) and places where many children play (so as not to provoke excessive excitement).

Folk remedies for treating bronchitis in children

You can apply rubbing with baked onions and bear or badger fat , cabbage-honey cakes, steam the legs with mustard or infusions of sage, chamomile, St. John's wort, mint in water at a temperature not exceeding 40⁰C.

Prohibited methods of treatment for bronchitis in children under 2 years of age

Bronchitis in children under 2 years of age requires parents to take a balanced and responsible approach to treatment. It should be remembered that some actions can lead to a sharp deterioration in the child’s condition.

What not to do?

1. Unauthorized changes in medication dosages and carry out treatment longer than prescribed.
2. Use untested “folk remedies” , especially for infants and children with a tendency to allergic manifestations. External agents are tested by applying cotton swab or a disk on the skin behind the ear or in the elbow, internal - on the tip of a teaspoon. In case of any negative reactions in a child, it is prohibited to use the product during the day.
3. Bathing baby in the bath . The respiratory muscles in children are immature, and the process of coughing is difficult. When steaming, clots of sputum in the bronchi “swell” even more and it becomes much more difficult to cough them up - the baby wheezes and suffocates, choking on liquid.
4. Contraindicated at elevated body temperature wrapping, rubbing with ointments with a warming effect and baths. Such procedures increase fever and can be harmful.
5. Carry out physiotherapeutic procedures V acute period diseases.
6. Use rubbing any warming ointment or balm, inhalation with essential oil and other products with pungent odors, apply mustard plasters. In children under 2 years of age, they can lead to allergic reactions and bronchospasm.
7. Give your child up to one year of age expectorants . These drugs dilute mucus, but act only in the upper respiratory tract, not reaching the bronchi. The baby's larynx and nose are further clogged, making it even more difficult for him to breathe.
8. Give codeine-containing medications to infants.
9. Use medications in aerosol form - this can lead to a spasm of the glottis, and the baby will begin to choke.

Timely treatment will definitely give quick results, and the baby will delight you good health and cute pranks.

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis is a troublesome process. Unfortunately, this disease is quite common in children. The peculiarity of the obstructive form is a significant deterioration in bronchial patency, which causes breathing problems. The very word “obstruction,” which frightens mothers so much, means “spasm” or “constriction.”

But acute bronchitis in a child responds quite well to therapy. Treatment of this disease requires patience and strict adherence to all doctor's recommendations. It is necessary to be prepared for the fact that everyone will have to fight the disease by possible means: medicinal, folk, physiotherapeutic.

How to recognize the disease?

Obstructive bronchitis in a child appears suddenly and progresses quickly. The patient's condition can rapidly deteriorate in just a few minutes.

Common symptoms of this disease include:

• restless behavior;
• acute bronchitis in a child is characterized by “wheezing” and “wheezing” breathing;

• bubbling in the chest area. Unlike wet wheezing in acute pneumonia, these wheezes are not as obvious, do not have a clear localization and disappear after a coughing attack;
• . Outwardly, it looks as if the child’s chest is constantly in a state of inhalation. To inhale, the patient needs to strain additionally. But unlike reactions with “cardiac” shortness of breath, the child does not try to stand up or sit down. On the contrary, children feel more comfortable when they sleep on their stomachs or even hang their heads below body level;
• bouts of exhausting coughing, often even ending in vomiting;
• increased breathing rate. There are certain norms for breathing rates in children of different ages. In children under 6 months, it should usually be no more than 60 breaths per minute, from 6 months to 1 year - 50, and from 1 to 5 years - 40.

Calculate how many breaths the patient takes per minute and if their number is 10% more than the age norm, this is already a serious cause for concern. Rapid breathing leads to a lack of oxygen in the body. Visually, this manifests itself in the bluish area of ​​the nasolabial triangle.

What drugs are used for drug treatment?

In infants and children under 2 years of age, treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis is carried out in a hospital under the supervision of doctors; older children can be treated at home.

Inpatient observation should be preferred if:

• the child has pronounced signs of intoxication: nausea, weakness, lack of appetite, etc.;
• respiratory failure progresses and respiratory rate increases;
• Often the symptoms of pneumonia can be “masked” as bronchitis. Therefore, if there is the slightest suspicion of pneumonia, it is better not to refuse hospitalization.

The main groups of drugs that are prescribed for the obstructive type of disease:

• bronchodilators. These drugs relieve bronchospasm. For young children, the following are usually prescribed in the form of syrup: Ascoril, Clenbuterol, etc. Possible side effects These medications may cause increased heart rate and tremors (shaking).

An equally convenient way to administer bronchodilators to young children is with a nebulizer. To prepare a solution for inhalation medicine diluted with saline solution. How many times a day to carry out the procedure, as well as the dosage of medications, can only be determined by the attending physician.

Theophylline-based bronchodilator tablets are very toxic and cannot be prescribed to small children;

• Antispasmodics are also used to relieve bronchospasm. Drugs such as No-shpa or Papaverine can be used by inhaler, in tablet form, or intravenously. In the latter case, manipulations are carried out in a hospital;
• mucolytics. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis is impossible without the use of drugs aimed at thinning sputum for its rapid removal from the body. These funds are divided into groups depending on the main active substance: Ambroxol, Carbocisteine ​​or natural extracts;

• The doctor prescribes antihistamines if the child has a tendency to allergic reactions;
• antibiotics. Let us immediately note that acute bronchitis is treated with antiviral drugs, since in most cases its appearance is provoked by viral diseases. Treatment with antibiotics is not mandatory. It is assigned only if it is proven infectious origin bronchitis.

The doctor will recommend treating obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics if the child has a high body temperature (up to 39 degrees) for more than 4 days, or it rises sharply again 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, obvious signs intoxication of the body (weakness, nausea, refusal to eat) or severe cough.

Not just a pill!

In addition to the use of medications, obstructive bronchitis can be cured at home by following certain rules and carrying out various procedures.

To get rid of bronchitis faster:

• Maintain the required level of humidity in the room where the patient is located. This will greatly facilitate the removal of sputum during coughing. If you don’t have a humidifier, just do wet cleaning more often or place a large container of water in the room;

• the patient needs to follow a diet and drink plenty of fluids. This does not mean that the child needs to be “planted” only on oatmeal and water, but the diet must be balanced and fortified. Eliminate citrus fruits, brightly colored fruits, carbonated drinks, sausages, cheese curds, and anything that contains preservatives, flavor enhancers and dyes from the patient’s diet;
• Eliminate any strong odors that the patient may inhale. Bleaching, cigarette smoke, acetone and other similar “aromas” will provoke new coughing attacks;
• massage is an indispensable assistant in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children. It will facilitate the removal of sputum, reduce coughing and strengthen the walls of the bronchi. Parents can do the massage themselves at home.

Should be kneaded collar area, chest and back muscles along the spine. Postural massage is especially effective in treating obstructive bronchitis in children. To perform it, place a pillow under the baby’s stomach (the head should hang off the bed) and tap with your palms folded in a boat along the back for 15 minutes.

Older children can be asked to take a deep breath and hold their breath, and perform the massage while exhaling. This technology will bring the greatest effect.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are contraindicated for the treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis in children. But as soon as the spasm stops and the patient begins to actively cough up sputum, UHF therapy and electrophoresis are recommended.

Acute obstructive bronchitis can be cured faster by so-called sound gymnastics. This method is to say different sounds and their combinations in a certain way. Vibrations are transmitted from the vocal cords to the bronchi and “on the spot” relax the muscles and remove spasms.

Treatment with folk remedies: decoctions and infusions

Along with medicines Even doctors recommend treating obstructive bronchitis with folk remedies. Proven unique recipes, passed down from generation to generation, will help soothe coughs, remove phlegm, eliminate pathogens and improve immunity.

But do not forget that treatment with folk remedies requires mandatory prior consultation with a doctor. “Weeds” that seem harmless at first glance can provoke very severe allergies or cause significant harm to the patient’s body if these drugs are used uncontrollably.

We offer effective recipes to fight the disease:

• Drinking plenty of infusions of raspberries, linden flowers, black elderberries and diaphoretics will help cure acute bronchitis. These infusions should be drunk very warm in quantities of at least 1.5 liters per day.

An excellent remedy that will cause moderate sweating is an infusion based on dried flowers of chamomile, linden, mint and black elderberry. All parts must be taken in equal quantities - 1 tbsp. l. Pour the mixture with a liter of boiling water and leave. The child should drink 2-3 glasses a day of this infusion;

• A collection of licorice root, plantain leaves and coltsfoot will have a bronchodilator, antiseptic effect and increase sputum discharge. Licorice and plantain should be taken in 3 parts each, coltsfoot - 4 parts. Pour this mixture into 2 cups of boiling water and let the patient drink ¼ cup 4-5 times a day;
• treatment of acute bronchitis with thyme herb is carried out for severe cough. Thyme has sedative, expectorant and bactericidal properties. The infusion is given to children ½ tsp. in a day;

• If the cough is unproductive (barking) or sputum is difficult to separate, traditional medicine recommends using plants that contain saponins. These substances perfectly reduce the viscosity of sputum, facilitating its easy removal from the bronchi. One of these plants is elecampane. A decoction of it is taken 4-5 tbsp. l. in a day;
• To relieve a severe cough, use a decoction of sage in milk. 3 tbsp. l. the herbs are poured into a glass of milk and the whole thing is brought to a boil in an enamel pan. Next, you need to reduce the heat, boil the broth for another 15 minutes and let it brew for an hour. The child should drink half a glass 3-4 times a day. You can sweeten the broth with honey.

Products for external use: compresses and rubbing

Treatment of acute bronchitis in a child at home involves the use of various compresses and rubs. Warming procedures will help relieve spasms and relax the muscles of the bronchi.

For obstructive bronchitis in children, any procedures using mustard plasters or dry mustard are contraindicated! Inhaling mustard vapors can cause bronchospasm and laryngeal swelling!

Compresses made from vegetable and butter oils are considered the most effective folk remedies in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis.

Refined vegetable oil is heated, a terry towel is moistened in it and wrapped around the child in the chest area. Next, the compress is covered with a layer of cellophane film, warm clothes are put on top and the whole structure is left overnight. As a rule, the disease loses ground after 3-4 wraps. Be careful and be sure to check the temperature of the oil yourself before applying the compress to your child's body.

Obstructive bronchitis occurs in children different ages. It is considered as an inflammation that affects the mucous membranes of the bronchi. The disease got its name from the word “obstruction”, which means “spasm”, “constriction”. Doctors register pathology in every fourth child aged 2 years - at an early age, the child’s body is most susceptible to diseases of the respiratory system.

Why does bronchospasm happen?

Often the inflammatory process starts due to infection different departments respiratory tract. Its causative agents are adenoviruses, rhinoviruses and influenza virus. Some children suffer from mycoplasma lesions of the bronchi. IN last years Children are increasingly getting sick due to the influence of food and household irritants. Their effect on the body is dangerous due to the transformation of allergic bronchitis into bronchial asthma or chronic form diseases.

Seasonal rhinitis and skin rashes after eating certain foods increase the body's sensitivity to the intake of certain substances. Subsequently, the slightest dose of the irritant causes unpredictable reactions. As the number of allergens increases, the severity of reactions increases. The interaction of the body with an irritating substance leads to problems with the bronchi.

Obstructive bronchitis can develop due to such abnormalities as:

How does the disease manifest itself?

As a rule, obstructive bronchitis develops in an infected body. Parents notice the first symptoms 2–3 days after the onset of the illness or hypothermia of the baby. In children with weakened immunity, pathologies of the kidneys, liver, digestive system Bronchitis may show signs within 24 hours. Traditionally, children complain of general malaise, nausea, runny nose, and discomfort in the throat. These symptoms in children 3 years of age include vomiting, defecation disorder, and fever.

As the pathology progresses, the manifestations of bronchospasm increase. If at first children have difficulty exhaling air, then after a few days they complain of problems with inhalation. The respiratory rate and duration of exhalation lengthen, and noise and whistling erupt from the patient’s respiratory tract, which are not difficult to hear from a distance.

A characteristic symptom of bronchospasm is a dry cough with a small amount of sputum. Viscous mucous contents are difficult to separate. Nonproductive cough especially annoying at night. In this case, the pathology can occur in a child without fever.

In infants in the 1st half of life clinical picture acute obstructive bronchitis is expressed by the following changes:

• runny nose;
• hoarse cry;
• bloating of the chest;
• debilitating cough to the point of vomiting;
• retraction of intercostal tissues during exhalation;
• noisy breathing with whistling and hoarseness;
• elevated temperature – with bronchitis of this type it stays at 38 – 39°C.

In older age listed signs illness in children is complemented by pain in the area of ​​the back between the shoulder blades and yellowish sputum. Wheezing becomes so loud that it can be heard from the next room. It is possible that a sore throat or cervical lymphadenitis may occur.

Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa is diagnosed by a pediatrician and pulmonologist. If the disease is associated with the influence of irritants, consultation with an allergist-immunologist is required. Children are referred to an otolaryngologist to rule out sinusitis. After listening to complaints, external examination and listening to breathing sounds, young patients are given directions for a number of tests:

1. X-ray;
2. blood analysis;
3. sputum culture;
4. spirometry. The examination requires the child to inhale and exhale forcefully, which allows the specialist to assess the fullness of the lungs. Children over 5 years of age are referred for spirometry.

The danger of inflamed bronchi

Delayed treatment of the bronchial mucosa is fraught with asthma. Sometimes the pathology occurs with the same symptoms as obstructive bronchitis, but in its clinic attacks of suffocation predominate. To prevent the development of complications, parents of children suffering from bronchitis for more than 3 years. per year, must consult a doctor and undergo additional examination. Advanced asthma with respiratory failure dangerous and fatal.

Inflammation of the bronchial mucous membranes can be successfully managed at home if the disease does not worsen the child’s condition. But there are a number of unfavorable changes that require immediate hospitalization of the patient:

• dyspnea;
• clear signs of intoxication;
• cyanosis of nails and nasolabial triangle.

Infants should not be treated at home either. Before reaching 1 year of age, they must be placed in a hospital.

Caring for a sick child

If a child is diagnosed with obstructive bronchitis, Dr. Komarovsky draws the parents’ attention to the living conditions. The patient's room must be ventilated daily. When carrying out wet cleaning, you cannot use detergents and disinfectants.

Since insufficient air humidity leads to drying out of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and oropharynx, it is necessary to place a humidifier or container with water in the nursery. You can simply spray the liquid from a spray bottle periodically.

Drug therapy for obstruction

In the early stages of development of pathology, children should be treated antiviral agents. For babies up to one year old, Genferon suppositories are prescribed for rectal administration. Grippferon is dripped into their nose. Orvirem syrup is given orally. From the age of 3, children are given Arbidol or Kagocel tablets.

Antibiotic drugs are prescribed according to indications. The doctor makes the choice from Cefazolin, Macropen, Augmentin. The prescription of medications is justified in cases of severe intoxication, inflammation confirmed by a blood test, signs of pneumonia, and the release of a purulent mucous mass of a yellow-green hue.

In addition to eliminating harmful viruses and bacteria, proper treatment of bronchitis includes a course of taking medications to thin and accelerate mucus rejection. For this purpose, children are usually given Lazolvan, Ambroxol, Mucosol, Fluditek, etc. For better expectoration, patients should be treated with syrups with phytocomponents (Gerbion, Bronchosan, Doctor Theiss, Bronchipret).

Doctors suggest treating babies older than 6 months who are prone to allergies with Claritin and Zyrtec. To expel liquefied sputum, Tavegil and Suprastin are prescribed.

To relieve obstruction, treatment is supplemented with inhalations. The procedures are performed using a nebulizer filled with a mixture of Berodual and saline solution. The patient should inhale the vapors 2 - 3 times. in a day. It is also recommended to use ultrasonic inhalers that are powered from the mains.

If you do not have the equipment, you can use special devices with pocket inhalers. Salbutamol, Flixotide, Ventolin are suitable mixtures for them. The effectiveness of therapy is evident immediately. For severe recurrent bronchitis and moderate obstruction, Pulmicort is prescribed by inhalation.

Home Therapy Options

Compresses and rubbing help ease the child’s condition at home - under the influence of heat, the bronchial muscles relax and obstructive bronchitis recedes. Warm compresses can quickly get rid of a cough. vegetable oil. A towel is soaked in the refined product and placed on the baby’s chest. The compress is covered with cellophane on top and the baby is dressed in warm pajamas. Positive results therapies appear after 3 wraps.

If due to frequent illnesses If a child with bronchitis does not have time to get rid of the cough completely, an oil-honey compress will help him warm up his insides. The mixture is prepared from an equal amount of butter and beekeeping product. The components are melted over low heat and cooled. The composition is applied to the chest and back of the child, the body is wrapped in a cotton towel and polyethylene. The baby should stay in the “wrapper” until the morning. A week-long course of daily compresses will bring long-awaited relief.

In some cases, obstruction is treated with massage. Properly performed manipulation strengthens the walls of the bronchi and facilitates coughing up mucus. At home, the baby’s collar area, chest area and back muscles lying along the spine are kneaded. Postural massage is carried out by tapping with palms folded into a boat along the back. The patient, whose head hangs from the bed, is placed under the stomach with a pillow and a 15-minute postural session is arranged.

Children with obstruction are recommended to perform breathing exercises. Your doctor will teach you exercises to stimulate mucus production during your consultation. The most simple options are blowing out candles and inflating balloons with your mouth. Sound gymnastics is performed by pronouncing sounds and combining them in a special way. The created vibrations go to the bronchi and relieve spasms.

Obstructive bronchitis in children is an inflammatory process in the bronchi, in which their patency is disrupted, accompanied by difficulty breathing. It is more common in young children, which is associated with an anatomically narrower lumen of the bronchi.

It is also worth pointing out that in children under one year of age the cause of this disease There may be congenital anatomical malformations.

There is some seasonality of the disease. Most often, children catch infections in winter and autumn. This is due to possible hypothermia, decreased immunity, increased fatigue and contact with already sick children (attending school, kindergarten, various clubs).

Kinds

There are several classifications of bronchitis. Most often, doctors use a classification by degree (mild, moderate, severe) and by the course of the process (acute, chronic).

Symptoms

Early detection symptoms of obstructive bronchitis has great value in subsequent treatment.

The main criteria for diagnosis are:

• Previous acute illness respiratory tract. Most often, children get sick due to acute respiratory viral infections or acute respiratory infections. A complication in the form of obstructive syndrome usually occurs within 3-4 days.
• Cough is the most characteristic symptom bronchitis. Usually its appearance indicates the onset of the disease. The child constantly coughs annoyingly “to the point of nausea.” In this case, sputum separation does not occur, that is, the cough is “dry”. In infants, it provokes regurgitation and sometimes even vomiting. The cough begins suddenly, usually at night, and is often accompanied by a parallel rise in temperature.
• The nature of wheezing is one of the most indicative criteria for determining whether a child has obstructive bronchitis or not. They arise due to the narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi and the accumulation of viscous mucus that is difficult to separate. With obstruction, wheezing is very pronounced on inhalation and exhalation, whistling and audible at a distance. In older children, with severe obstruction, they can be heard even in the next room.
• Shortness of breath is the most severe symptom bronchitis. The child begins to breathe quickly and heavily, especially when physical activity. Parents may also notice (more often in newborn babies) blue lips, the appearance of gray circles under the eyes, and refusal to eat. The frequency can serve as a guide breathing movements at rest (the norm for children up to one year is 35-45 times per minute, up to 3 years 30-40 per minute).

The appearance of shortness of breath in a child is an indication for immediate hospitalization!

Symptoms that are not so specific for this type of bronchitis, but are nevertheless very important, are: general weakness, lethargy, drowsiness of the child, headache, decreased appetite, increased body temperature (it is worth noting that sometimes the disease occurs without fever).

Diagnostics

If an illness is suspected, an examination is carried out by a pediatrician or pulmonologist. Most often, these doctors involve other specialists for consultations: an allergist, an immunologist, an otolaryngologist.

To make a correct diagnosis it is necessary:

1. Collect and analyze anamnesis (history of the present disease) from the words of the parents and the child;
2. Auscultation - listening to respiratory sounds and wheezing using a phonendoscope;
3. Spirometry - determining the volume of a child's lungs using a device. The study is not conducted for children under 5 years of age, as they cannot fulfill the study conditions.
4. X-ray to clarify the diagnosis and exclude pneumonia and other complications;
5. Sputum culture for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics;

Treatment

As we have already found out, obstructive bronchitis is serious illness, sometimes life-threatening child. Therefore, only a doctor should prescribe treatment!

The first step is to relieve bronchospasm and make it easier for the child to breathe. This is achieved by eliminating swelling, reducing the viscosity of sputum and removing it from the respiratory tract. Very effective method V in this case is inhalation therapy. For this purpose, as a rule, a special device is used - an inhaler. Inhalations relieve irritation of the bronchial mucosa and improve lung ventilation.

Drugs for treatment in this situation are glucocorticoid hormones and medications containing salbutamol or berodual. For older children, theophylline preparations (Teopek, Eufillin) are sometimes prescribed in parallel.

The undeniable advantage of this therapy is that medicinal substance Together with the steam, it enters directly into the lungs, and improvement occurs within a few minutes.

The next important step is eliminating the infection. In this case, antiviral drugs come to the fore. There are now a huge number of them and the doctor will be able to choose the best option for the child. For small children, syrups, candles, and drops are used. For children from three years of age, tablet forms can already be used. Antibiotics are not included compulsory treatment. They are prescribed only when necessary.

The main indications for antibiotic administration are:

1. high temperature for more than three days, without positive dynamics;
2. pronounced inflammatory processes in general analysis blood (leukocytosis);
3. yellow or dark green sputum (indicates a purulent process);
4. with a high probability of developing pneumonia.

Of course, it is necessary to ensure that the viscous sputum is liquefied and released from the lungs. For this purpose, mucoregulatory drugs are prescribed (Ambroxol, Lazolvan, etc.). These drugs are taken for 7 days. After such treatment, the cough ceases to be painful and paroxysmal, and this indicates that it is time to prescribe expectorants. Preference is given to drugs of herbal origin (Tussin, Gedelix, Gerbion, Bronchosan, etc.)

Do not underestimate general strengthening measures. Daily ventilation is required in the room where the patient is located. It is very important to encourage your child to drink as much liquid as possible (at least 1.5 liters per day). This helps reduce the thickness and viscosity of sputum, which then drains well. A small patient can be given tea, fruit juice, mineral water, and decoctions. They also resort to time-tested mustard plasters. They are placed on the chest area and held at the back between the shoulder blades for about 10 minutes. Hot foot baths or warm baths for the whole body will help relieve the condition.

The use of mustard plasters and baths is not permissible in case of fever and obstruction!

Folk remedies

If the disease is not severe, when the child is not in the hospital, but at home, you can use folk remedies. Such treatment methods are passed down from generation to generation and have proven effectiveness. The most common and relatively safe way– use of various herbal infusions that help improve the removal of mucus from the bronchi.

These include:

• marshmallow root,
• liquorice root,
• thermopsis grass,
• chest herbal collection,
• plantain and coltsfoot juice.

One of the most common methods of traditional medicine is a decoction of primrose root. You can use black radish juice infused with sugar (or honey). It tastes good to children and has an excellent expectorant effect. Decoctions of onions, figs and garlic in milk are good for cough relief. There are a lot of such remedies, but you should always consult a doctor before using them so as not to worsen the child’s condition.

Prevention

First of all, you need to try to prevent children from having a prolonged course of colds or infectious diseases. Even a prolonged runny nose or frequent runny nose can subsequently cause obstructive bronchitis in a child.

Children with allergies should be protected as much as possible from contact with allergens and irritants (tobacco smell, the smell of paint during repairs, etc.) All children need normalization of their daily routine, daily walks and hardening.

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