An infectious disease, which is popularly called mumps, is mumps. As a rule, mumps is accompanied by general intoxication of the body, fever, enlargement of the salivary glands, which is why the face of a sick person acquires a characteristic appearance. This pathology refers to common childhood diseases, since the mumps virus mainly affects children 5–15 years old. However, today many people have significantly reduced immunity, so mumps has become common among adults. Moreover, for doctors, treating mumps in adults is a more difficult task. In older people, the disease is sometimes very severe, causing complications and requiring hospitalization of the sick person.
Development of the disease and symptoms
Mumps is spread by airborne droplets. The causative agent of the disease is the so-called paramyxovirus, which is unstable to high temperatures, ultraviolet irradiation and other influences external environment. The mumps virus first penetrates the mucous membranes of the mouth and nasopharynx, multiplies and enters tissues through the blood (hematogenously). internal organs. In adults, the virus mainly affects the soft meninges, salivary glands, pancreas, mammary glands and ovaries in women, testicles in men.
Duration incubation period pigs: from 2 weeks to one month. The main symptom of mumps in adults is swelling and tenderness in the parotid region of the salivary glands. At the same time, the earlobe rises, the auricle protrudes, and drooling occurs. Body temperature rises to 39 – 40° and usually lasts for several days. A week after the onset of the disease, the temperature begins to decrease and the swelling of the neck subsides. Around the tenth day clinical manifestations The pigs disappear completely.
Features of treatment
Treatment of mumps in adults depends on the severity of the inflammatory process, the depth of penetration of the paramyxovirus and the area of its localization, the condition immune system sick person. If the disease proceeds without complications, you can cope with mumps at home. In severe cases, the patient is sent to the hospital. Special medicines There are no drugs that can cope with the mumps virus. Therefore, the main treatment strategy is symptomatic therapy.
Diet
First of all, patients are prescribed strict bed rest, as well as milk-vegetable dietary food to avoid the development of pancreatitis. Pickles, marinades, spicy, fatty, fried foods are excluded from the diet, and the consumption of pasta and white bread is limited. To make the chewing process easier, it is recommended to grind food beforehand. It is important to increase your drinking regime. Plenty of weak tea, rosehip decoction, and fruit and berry juices are encouraged. After each meal, be sure to rinse your mouth with a warm solution. baking soda, or chamomile.
Symptomatic treatment
As drug treatment use antihistamines, for example, Suprastin or, as well as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs: Panadol, Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Paracetamol. To strengthen the immune system, vitamin and mineral complexes such as Complivit and Biomax are prescribed. It is recommended to apply alcohol or alcohol to the inflamed glands, but heating the swollen area with a heating pad is prohibited. Physiotherapeutic procedures also help well: ultraviolet irradiation, UHF therapy.
Complications
As already noted, mumps can cause severe complications in adults. These include meningitis, encephalomyelitis, meningoencephalitis. But perhaps the most dangerous consequence mumps is inflammation of the testicle in men - orchitis. This pathology can lead to incurable infertility. In case of orchitis development, as well as meningitis, a weekly course of corticosteroids, for example, Prednisolone, is prescribed.
Given the serious complications that mumps can cause, self-treatment mumps in adults is not allowed. Only a doctor can control the course of this disease and prevent negative manifestations. And the only one for real effective method Mumps prevention is vaccination. Be healthy!
The information on our website is informative and educational in nature. However this information is in no way intended to be a guide to self-medication. Be sure to consult your doctor.
This disease is often called differently - mumps, since the main symptoms of mumps are swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes, inflammation of the salivary glands and swelling of the face. Visually, the patient’s face begins to resemble a pig’s face, as the neck practically disappears and the ears protrude.
Most often children get sick younger age, but if the disease develops after 5-7 years and in adults, the risk of severe complications increases.
The spread of the disease is by airborne droplets, the incubation period is from 11 days to 3 weeks. The patient becomes contagious 2 days before manifestation characteristic symptoms and ceases to pose a danger on the 10th day from the day signs of the disease appear.
Immunity acquired after illness lasts for life.
Symptoms of mumps
The onset of the disease is quite acute. The temperature can rise sharply to 40ºС; in adolescents and adults it rarely remains at 38 ºС.
Salivation increases, and when moving the jaws, the patient experiences severe pain, which increases if the food tastes sour.
As inflammation of the parotid glands appears, the cheek and neck under the cheekbones swell. The earlobe thickens and begins to protrude forward and bend upward.
Palpation of the swelling site causes pain.
External signs are finally formed by 5-6 days - they become most pronounced, and therefore appear characteristic appearance sick. From the 9th day of illness, the swelling begins to gradually subside.
The temperature can last for about a week.
Diagnosis of the disease
Usually a doctor easily diagnoses the disease - its symptoms are very characteristic. It is difficult to make a diagnosis in adults - the appearance of mumps at this age, especially if there are no children around the sick person, is difficult to predict. In this case, biomaterial is collected from the nasopharynx and antibodies to viruses are inoculated from it: RSK and RTNHA.
About 20 years ago, an allergological method was used - a sample with mumps diagnosticum was injected under the skin. Currently, this test is performed in extreme cases, since subcutaneous tests are not considered a reliable indicator.
In addition, general blood and urine tests are prescribed to assess the patient's condition.
Treatment of mumps
No specific treatment, eliminating the disease - pharmacists have not invented tablets that kill mumps viruses.
It is a pity that it is still impossible to suppress the disease at the very beginning, since it causes very serious complications - the most dangerous of them inhibit the activity of the reproductive system:
- For the first week, be sure to stay in bed;
- It is necessary to change the diet - the cooking technology is only boiling and stewing;
- Dishes are served in liquid or crushed form;
- Elevated temperature is reduced with antipyretic drugs;
- Antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunocorrectors can be introduced into therapy - they contribute to a milder course of the disease.
It is recommended to rinse the oral cavity regularly. It is used as an antiseptic liquid that helps speed up the restoration of the functions of the salivary glands. soda solution, infusions of herbs that have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, “Chlorhexidine”, solutions of manganese or furacillin.
Bed rest, diet and therapeutic measures are very important - otherwise, after the viral activity has stopped, you will have to treat complications - after mumps they are quite severe.
Complications after parotitis
In children, the central nervous system is most often affected. The incidence of meningitis still remains at 10% - in boys this complication occurs 3 times more often.
In most cases, meningitis occurs on days 5-7 of illness, but can begin simultaneously with the appearance of swelling of the submandibular glands. The temperature rises above 40ºС, vomiting begins, the patient complains of an attack of acute headache.
Treatment of parotitis in adult men often does not begin from the first days of the disease, so the occurrence of orchitis in them is 4 times more common than in children.
Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicle of an infectious nature; with mumps, both paired organs are involved in the process.
When a complication occurs—orchitis—the temperature rises again, and severe pain in the scrotum and testicle, which radiate to the lower abdomen. The testicle increases in size. The general feverish state lasts up to a week, testicular swelling subsides 2 days after the temperature stabilizes. In half of the patients who have had orchitis, the testicle atrophies if specific treatment for the complication is not prescribed - corticosteroid injections.
This complication can develop on the 2-3rd day of illness or appear after swelling of the submandibular glands decreases.
Another serious complication that causes parotitis in adults and children is inflammation of the pancreas. To prevent it, from the first days of the disease it is necessary to follow a strict diet - exclude fatty and spicy foods, increase the amount of fermented milk products in the diet.
Signs of complications: general feverish state, feeling of nausea, repeated vomiting, girdle pain and epigastric pain.
If the inflammation spreads to the hearing organs, then irreversible one-sided deafness may develop in the future. The first sign of a complication is increasing ringing in the ears. Then it is accompanied by dizziness, loss of coordination of movements, and sometimes vomiting.
Reversible joint damage is a fairly rare complication. It occurs in 0.5% of affected adults and lasts inflammatory process up to 3 months. Large joints become swollen and movements cause pain. The temperature increases slightly when pathological changes occur.
In pregnant women, complications after parotitis affect the condition of the fetus.
In children, the functions of organic systems may be impaired - especially often pathological changes arise in the hormonal glands of the fetus, which subsequently leads to prostatitis, oophoritis, bartholinitis, nephritis, etc.
Children may subsequently develop primary myocardial fibroelastosis. In boys increased risk the appearance of prostatitis.
Prevention of mumps
Epidemic paratitis is serious illness. Therefore, children are given the first vaccination at the age of one – the next one at 6 years of age.
However, this does not always protect against the disease - it occurs in an asymptomatic form.
This poses a danger to others - despite the non-asymptomatic course of the disease, the patient remains contagious and children and people who have been in contact with the patient become infected.
If the disease is detected in children's institutions, quarantine is established for 3 weeks. If preventive actions completed on time - vaccinations were carried out within the specified time frame - no damage other than the salivary glands occurs during the illness.
Mumps - highly contagious, acute generalized viral infection with a characteristic painful enlargement of the salivary glands (mainly the parotid glands). The disease is caused by a virus, and its manifestations depend on the form of the disease.
Symptoms of mumps development
In the pathogenesis of the disease, two leading syndromes are distinguished:
- intoxication
- and inflammation.
Intoxication with mumps symptoms is usually moderate, manifested by a slight rise in temperature and malaise. Inflammation develops in the area of the salivary glands, accompanied by swelling of a doughy consistency and small painful sensations when opening the mouth and chewing. Possible involvement in the inflammatory process meninges with the advent meningeal signs mumps
strong headache,
meningeal symptoms,
rise in temperature/.
For focal neurological symptoms - with the development of meningoencephalitis. Involvement of other glandular structures (pancreas, testes or ovaries) in the inflammatory process is accompanied by pain syndrome from the relevant authorities. Meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis, pancreatitis are independent clinical forms illness, signs of a viral infectious disease, and not complications of mumps. As an outcome of orchitis and neuritis of the auditory nerve, testicular atrophy and deafness can occur, respectively.
The incubation period for mumps symptoms is 11–23 days (average 18–20 days). Prodromal phenomena may be observed in the form of malaise, headache, lethargy, sleep disturbances, etc. In most cases, the onset of the disease is acute. Body temperature rises and swelling of the parotid area appears salivary gland, first on one side, and after 1–2 days on the other. The face of a sick child becomes very characteristic, which is why the disease was previously called “mumps.”
In the next 1–2 days, local changes and manifestations of intoxication with mumps symptoms reach their maximum; by the 4–5th day of the disease they begin to weaken, the temperature gradually decreases, and by the 8–10th day recovery occurs. If damage to other organs develops, then repeated increases in temperature occur and then the disease prolongs.
Damage to the glands as a sign of mumps
The clinical manifestations of mumps are varied. The glandular organs are primarily affected. The salivary glands and, above all, the parotid glands are most often affected by the symptoms of mumps. Less commonly, the pancreas and gonads are affected. Damage to other glands (thyroid, parathyroid, lacrimal, etc.) is very rare. IN pathological process the nervous system is necessarily involved, which manifests itself
meningitis,
meningoencephalitis,
sometimes neuritis,
polyradiculoneuritis.
Enlarged parotid glands are clearly visible. They protrude from the angle of the lower jaw, spreading forward to the cheeks and back. With pronounced enlargement of the glands, protrusion occurs auricle, and the earlobe rises up. The skin over the swelling is not changed, the enlarged gland has clear boundaries, the greatest density and pain is noted in the center, and it decreases towards the periphery.
With a significant increase parotid gland swelling may occur subcutaneous tissue, which can go to the neck. This causes pain when chewing and swallowing. Salivation during symptoms of mumps is usually reduced, as a result of which the mucous membranes become dry and the patient feels thirsty. In area excretory duct of the salivary gland, hyperemia and swelling appear on the mucous membrane of the cheek.
The affected submandibular and sublingual salivary glands increase in size and acquire a doughy consistency. The boundaries of the enlarged glands have clear boundaries, the glands are slightly painful, often surrounded by swelling of the tissue, which extends mainly down to the neck.
The gonads with symptoms of mumps are affected mainly during puberty and in adults. Orchitis (inflammation of the testicle) is manifested by pain in the scrotum, which spreads to the groin. Upon examination and palpation, the testicle is enlarged in size, sometimes 2–3 times, it acquires a dense consistency, becomes painful, the scrotum increases in size, swells, and the skin becomes thinner. The greatest manifestations continue for 2–3 days, then gradually decline and disappear after 7–10 days.
Symptoms different forms mumps
Highlight:
typical mumps (involving the parotid salivary glands),
atypical forms- without damage to the parotid salivary glands (erased, asymptomatic), as well as with the involvement of other glandular organs and the central nervous system in the process;
combined forms in which damage to the salivary glands is combined with pancreatitis, orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis.
Mild, moderate and severe forms are possible. mumps
Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological data. Laboratory research can retrospectively confirm the symptoms of mumps by increasing the titer of specific antibodies. It is also possible to isolate a virus culture from saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid or blood.
Main syndromes of the disease:
- viral intoxication,
- inflammation of the parotid gland
- and immunosuppression.
Symptoms of acute mumps
The onset of the disease is usually acute. The patient complains of:
weakness,
malaise,
lethargy and other manifestations of purulent intoxication.
The formation of ulcers in the gland is accompanied by the appearance of puffiness, swelling and redness of the cheek, under lower jaw.
For symptoms of mumps acute form the skin becomes smooth, taut, in some places a symptom of fluctuation can be detected, here the skin is thinned as much as possible.
On palpation, sharp pain is noted.
Pain associated with the occurrence of edema and its spread to surrounding tissues accompanies chewing, swallowing, and opening the mouth, so patients prefer not to talk and eat only liquid food.
With a detailed picture, the diagnosis can be made already during examination of the patient - the appearance of a patient with mumps is so typical. The oval of the face is deformed due to the bulging of the cheek. When examining the oral cavity, some swelling of the mucous membrane of the cheek, soft palate and pharynx may be noted due to inflammation. IN general analysis blood with symptoms of acute mumps, leukocytosis with shift is possible leukocyte formula to the left, increased ESR.
Complications of mumps
Pancreatitis can manifest itself only in moderate and severe forms ah illness. This lesion is characterized by fever, girdle pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Pancreatitis has a benign course. Recovery occurs in 5-10 days.
Developing with mumps serous meningitis and meningo-encephalitis are characterized by the same symptoms as other meningitis. When they occur, the temperature rises, headache, nausea or vomiting appears, sometimes consciousness is disturbed, agitation appears, and sometimes convulsions. There is a rapid appearance meningeal symptoms, in the form of stiff neck, Kernig and Brudzinski symptoms. The symptoms of meningitis are short-lived - the high temperature lasts 2-3 days, then the manifestations of meningitis decrease and after 5-10 days they disappear in almost all patients.
The course of meningitis is benign, but often symptoms of asthenia persist for several months. Asthenia is manifested by fatigue, drowsiness, and increased irritability.
How to treat mumps?
There is no etiotropic treatment for mumps; treatment is symptomatic. The patient needs to create the most favorable conditions throughout the entire course of the disease until full recovery. These conditions are necessary for any form of the disease.
Bed rest is required at all times acute period until body temperature is completely normalized. Applicable dry heat to the affected glands. Great importance in the treatment of mumps has care oral cavity which consists of drinking frequently and rinsing the mouth after eating boiled water or weak solution boric acid.
In cases of orchitis, bed rest is prescribed until the signs of the disease subside. With pronounced changes, wearing a jockstrap and using dry heat are quite justified.
The patient must ensure the rest of all muscles and formations involved in the process. To do this, it is completely forbidden to talk, chew, liquid food is allowed, preferably several times a day in small portions, preferably mechanical and chemical sparing, the food taken should not be hot or cold.
Conservative treatment of mumps is possible with early stages diseases (UHF currents, warming compresses, etc.). Antibiotic therapy must be carried out taking into account the sensitivity of the microorganism to it.
During conservative treatment prescribe bed rest until disappearance clinical signs diseases, a gentle diet, taking into account pain when chewing and possible damage to the pancreas. For moderate and severe forms of the disease, use antiviral drugs: Interferon (nasal drops or intramuscular), Ribonuclease. The use of vitamins is indicated as a general tonic.
Surgical removal mumps
Surgery Mumps is indicated when conservative therapy is ineffective and fluctuations occur. Incisions are made in places of defined softening, but the topography is strictly taken into account facial nerve: one of the serious complications of the operation is paralysis of its branches due to their intersection. Be sure to carry out a thorough inspection of the wound with the removal of all streaks, tissue detritus, purulent discharge, then rinsing with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and installing several drains at the incision sites. Washing the wound and replacing drainage is carried out daily.
Rehabilitation after mumps
A diet without any special restrictions, but rich in vitamins, which is appropriate for the child’s age. Treatment of mumps with vitamins is carried out for 1.5–2 months (multivitamins, vitamin-mineral complexes).
To combat asthenic syndrome and for general strengthening the body can be used herbal remedies, described in the section meningococcal infection (see the corresponding chapter). In addition, you can use the following recipes.
Anti-fatigue remedy for mumps
Required: raisins – 100g, dried apricots – 100g, figs – 100g.
Preparation and use. Chop raisins, dried apricots and figs and mix well. Take the mixture monthly for 1 hour. l. per day to reduce fatigue after illness, and to increase the body's defenses.
If you eat 100g every other day. boiled lean fish, there is an increase mental performance, improved reaction speed when asthenic syndrome after suffering severe forms of the disease.
General strengthening salad.
Required: salad – 100g, tomato – 1 pc., bell pepper – 1 pc.
Preparation and use. Chop the salad and mix with chopped tomatoes and bell peppers, season vegetable oil. Eat this salad 3-4 times a week. This remedy increases the vital activity of a weakened body.
In those recovering from mumps and many others infectious diseases, are widely used water treatments, in the form of showers, baths, etc., air and sun baths, general ultraviolet irradiation, and other hardening procedures.
Physiotherapy for the treatment of mumps
Physical methods are used to relieve intoxication ( antiviral methods), reducing the manifestations of inflammation (anti-inflammatory methods) and correcting immune dysfunction (immunostimulating methods). These tasks help to realize following methods physiotherapy:
Antiviral methods of physiotherapeutic treatment of mumps: FUF - irradiation of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, endonasal interferon electrophoresis.
Anti-inflammatory methods: low-intensity UHF therapy, infrared irradiation.
Immunostimulating method: SUV irradiation in suberythemal doses.
Antiviral methods
FUF irradiation of the nasopharynx. Ultraviolet radiation causes denaturation and photolysis of nucleic acids and proteins due to excessive absorption of the energy of its quanta by DNA and RNA molecules, which leads to inactivation of the genome and the impossibility of virus replication. During the exudative phase of inflammation, with increased secretion and swelling of the mucous membrane, CUF is not used. Irradiation is carried out through a special tube, starting with 1/2 biodose, adding 1/2 biodose to 2 biodoses, daily or every other day; To treat mumps, you need a course of 5 procedures.
Endonasal interferon electrophoresis. It has an antiviral effect when the drug penetrates the mucous membranes. Direct current potentiates drug penetration. Powdered interferon (contents of 2 ampoules) is dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water and administered from any pole. Current strength up to 1 mA, duration of exposure 10 minutes, daily; The course of treatment for mumps is 4-5 procedures.
Infrared irradiation. Heating of tissues leads to activation of microcirculation, increased vascular permeability, which promotes dehydration of the inflammatory focus, activates the migration of leukocytes and lymphocytes to the focus of inflammation, and removal of cell autolysis products from tissues. Used in the phase of subacute inflammation. Distance from the source 30-50 cm, 15-20 minutes, daily; To treat mumps, you need a course of 10 procedures.
Immunostimulating methods of treating mumps
SUV irradiation in suberythemal doses. The immunostimulating effect is realized due to the activation of T-helper cells by the products of photodestruction of proteins and the launch of the mechanism of antigen presentation with the participation of macrophages, followed by the production of immunoglobulins by B-lymphocytes. Irradiation is carried out according to the basic scheme, daily; course 15 procedures.
If other glands are affected (testes, ovaries, pancreas), UHF therapy is performed (on the area of gland projections) in the acute phase of inflammation. In the subacute phase, infrared radiation is used.
Low-intensity UHF therapy in the alterative phase of inflammation, it inhibits the degranulation of basophil lysosomes and suppresses the activity of mediators.
Causes and prevention of mumps
Mumps (mumps) is infectious viral disease, characterized by the development of general intoxication, damage to the salivary glands, less often other organs containing glandular tissue, as well as nervous system.
The source of infection is a patient with any form of mumps. The patient begins to pose a danger to others from the end of the incubation period, 1–2 days before the onset of the disease. The patient ceases to be contagious after the 9th day of illness.
The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets from saliva. You can become infected with mumps only indoors through direct contact with a patient. In very rare cases, intrauterine infection with mumps is possible.
Prevention of mumps
Patients with mumps are isolated for 9 days from the onset of the disease. Quarantine begins on the 21st day from the moment of contact. When preventing the disease, children under 10 years of age who have not previously had mumps and who have not been immunized are isolated. After the 10th day from the moment of contact, systematic medical observation is carried out in order to more early detection diseases.
Active immunization with live mumps vaccine is currently underway. The vaccine has very high immunological and epidemiological effectiveness. Mumps vaccination is given to children aged 1 year. One dose of the vaccine is administered subcutaneously once.
At 6 years of age, revaccination against mumps is carried out. Children who have been in contact with people with mumps, but have not had it and have not been vaccinated before, should be urgently vaccinated.
The mumps virus is transmitted from person to person through airborne droplets. The spread is facilitated by staying in children's groups, for example in kindergartens and schools. In the human body, the virus selectively infects glandular tissue. What does it mean?
Glands are important organs that secrete hormones and secretions. Mumps can affect almost all glands, primarily the salivary glands. Possible damage to the pancreas, testicles, ovaries, and thyroid gland.
Symptoms and signs of the disease
Mumps is accompanied by high temperature, fever, headache, weakness, possible joint and muscle pain, and lack of appetite. When the salivary glands are affected, patients experience pain and swelling in the ear area, and dry mouth. In severe cases, complications such as meningitis, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) are possible. Combined damage to the salivary glands, testes or ovaries, and pancreas is rare.
A characteristic symptom of mumps is redness of the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the cheek in the area of the exit of the parotid salivary gland duct.
What does the disease look like? Mumps got its name because of the main symptom - inflammation and swelling of the parotid salivary glands. In this case, swelling of the cheek area in front of the ears appears. With a strong increase in the salivary glands, the face becomes wider, reminiscent of the muzzle of a pig.
Typical “mumps”, a disease affecting the salivary glands, photo: 
Mumps disease (Wikipedia, photo by Heinrich Weingaertner):
Mumps disease in children usually occurs in mild form. Rarely - in severe form.
Girls get mumps less often and tolerate the disease more easily. Damage to other glands and the central nervous system is observed less frequently in girls compared to boys.
Often, unilateral damage to the salivary gland is possible. In this case, swelling and inflammation are observed on one side, but any experienced doctor and in this case he will confidently diagnose mumps. The disease in boys, in addition to the salivary glands, in rare cases leads to inflammation of the testicles and their appendages - orchitis and epididymitis.
Mumps in adults
IN childhood Almost everyone receives a special vaccination - MMR - which means measles, mumps (mumps), rubella. Vaccination is carried out at 1 year and at 6 years. Part of the children in force various reasons may not receive the vaccine and become vulnerable to infection. If a child has grown up but has not contracted mumps, the risk of contracting the disease remains in adulthood.
In children, the gonads are in a state of low functional activity until puberty. For this reason, they are less vulnerable in childhood. The sex glands of an adult are active, producing sex hormones and cells. This is why mumps disease more often leads to infertility in men and women.
In adults, the disease is more severe; the virus often affects the gonads and the central nervous system. Symptoms of intoxication, high fever, pain in muscles and joints are expressed. The disease can occur with damage to several glands.
Mumps is a disease in adults, photo:
Course of the disease
Mumps disease has a long incubation period (the time from infection to the onset of the first symptoms), which usually takes from 12 to 19 days. During this period, the virus actively multiplies in the tissues of the salivary glands. Possible warning signs of the disease: lack of appetite, weakness, malaise, headache.
From the moment the incubation period ends, the active period of the disease begins. Important: a person infected with mumps can infect another person even before the onset of symptoms and up to 7-8 days after the first signs appear.
During this period, the mumps disease has a pronounced severe symptoms. Swelling of the parotid area, inflammation, high (up to 40 degrees) temperature, intoxication gradually subside by 5-7 days, sometimes later. On average, the disease from onset to recovery lasts a month or a little more.
After recovery, persistent lifelong immunity to the disease remains.
Treatment of mumps
On this moment There is no specific treatment for mumps aimed at the causative virus. Treatment is carried out using symptomatic therapy aimed at individual symptoms diseases.
At high temperature and pain, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs are used: ibuprofen, paracetamol. Aspirin is not recommended for use in children. Since chewing causes pain, you need to prepare food in liquid or pureed form. You should avoid foods that can stimulate salivation, thereby increasing the load on the salivary glands and increasing pain. For example: sour, fried.
- Important: to combat intoxication, it is necessary to give the patient a large amount of fluid.
- To increase the body's resistance, restorative treatment with vitamins and immunostimulants is carried out.
- A circular bandage can be applied to the inflamed area; dry heat is necessary.
- Since the patient is contagious, quarantine is established. Household and household items, cutlery are disinfected with antiseptic preparations.
If abdominal pain and vomiting, drowsiness, severe headache combined with drowsiness, loss of consciousness, or convulsions occur, emergency medical attention is required.
Consequences of mumps
If the central nervous system is damaged, the following are possible: deafness, convulsive syndrome, delay in mental development, intracranial hypertension, mental disorders, partial paralysis.
When the genital glands are affected, as a rule, more often in adults, the disease “mumps” is primarily infertility. The probability of such an outcome ranges from 25 to 75% of cases, depending on the severity. Possible atrophy of the testicles, ovaries, disruption of the endocrine function of the genital organs - hypogonadism.
If the pancreas is damaged, which is very rare, it may develop diabetes 1 type.
In general, the disease is benign. Serious complications are very rare. If you are vaccinated in a timely manner, you will not be at risk for the disease.
Children aged 5-15 years most often suffer from mumps, but adults can also get sick.
As a rule, the disease is not very severe. However, mumps has a number of dangerous complications. To insure against the unfavorable course of the disease, it is necessary to prevent the very possibility of developing mumps. For this purpose, there is a vaccine against mumps, included in the list mandatory vaccinations in all countries of the world.
Causes of the disease
Infection occurs through airborne droplets (when coughing, sneezing, talking) from a sick person. A person with mumps is contagious 1-2 days before the first signs of the disease appear and for 9 days after its onset (maximum virus shedding is from the third to the fifth day). After entering the body, the virus multiplies in the glandular tissue and can affect almost all glands of the body - reproductive, salivary, pancreas, thyroid. Changes in the functioning of most glands rarely reach the level at which specific complaints and symptoms begin to arise, but the salivary glands are affected first and most severely.
Symptoms of mumps (mumps)
The disease usually begins acutely. The temperature can rise to 40 degrees, there is pain in the ear area or in front of it, especially when chewing and swallowing, increased salivation. Particularly sharp pain occurs when food enters, causing profuse salivation(for example, sour). Inflammation of the parotid salivary gland causes an enlargement of the cheek - a rapidly spreading swelling appears in front of the auricle, which increases to its maximum by the 5-6th day. The earlobe protrudes upward and forward, which gives the patient a characteristic appearance. Feeling this place is painful. Fever body is preserved for 5-7 days.
Complications
The most common complications of mumps are inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) and gonads. There may be inflammation of the thyroid and other internal glands of the body, as well as damage to the nervous system in the form of meningitis or encephalitis.
Pancreatitis begins with sharp pain in the abdomen (often shingles), vomiting, loss of appetite, stool disorders. If you notice the appearance of such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.
The gonads can be affected in both boys and girls. If in boys the inflammation of the testicles is quite noticeable, due to their anatomical location and bright enough clinical picture(new rise in temperature, soreness of the testicle, change in skin color over it), then in girls the diagnosis of ovarian damage is difficult. The consequence of such inflammation may subsequently be testicular atrophy and infertility in men, ovarian atrophy, infertility, disorder menstrual function among women.
What can you do
There is no specific therapy for mumps. The disease is most dangerous in boys during puberty, due to possible damage to the testicles. Treatment is aimed at preventing the development of complications. Do not self-medicate. Only a doctor can correctly diagnose and check whether other glands are affected.
What can a doctor do?
In typical cases, making a diagnosis does not cause difficulties and the doctor immediately prescribes treatment. In doubtful cases, the doctor may prescribe additional methods diagnostics Patients are advised to remain in bed for 7-10 days. It is known that in boys who do not comply with bed rest during the 1st week, orchitis (inflammation of the testicles) develops approximately 3 times more often. It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the oral cavity. To do this, prescribe daily rinsing with a 2% soda solution or other disinfectants.
On the affected salivary gland apply a dry, warm bandage. Patients are prescribed liquid or crushed food. To prevent inflammation of the pancreas, in addition, it is necessary to follow a certain diet: avoid overeating, reduce the amount of white bread, pasta, fats, cabbage. The diet should be dairy-vegetable. For cereals, it is better to eat rice; brown bread and potatoes are allowed.
Prevention of mumps (mumps)
The danger of complications from mumps is beyond doubt. That is why methods of preventing this disease are so widespread in the form of establishing quarantine in children's groups and preventive vaccinations. The patient is isolated until the 9th day of illness; children who have been in contact with the patient are not allowed to visit child care institutions (nurseries, kindergartens, schools) for 21 days. However, the problem is that 30-40% of those infected with the virus do not develop any signs of the disease (asymptomatic forms). Therefore, it is not always possible to avoid mumps by hiding from sick people. Accordingly, the only acceptable way of prevention is vaccinations. According to the calendar of preventive vaccinations in Russia, vaccination against mumps is carried out at 12 months and at 6 years.
