Vitamin eye drops to improve vision for myopia and farsightedness. List, reviews

Dear friends, hello!

Today's conversation will be about eye drops.

Many of you have been asking me about this for a long time.

In my opinion, on this topic you need to know the following:

1. Symptoms of the main eye sores in order to competently advise the buyer.
2. Kinds eye drops: when, what and for what it is used.
3. What can be recommended without a doctor for the most common eye problems?
4. What questions should a buyer ask in order not to make a mistake with his choice?
5. What information should he be given when taking a drug from this group?

We are not ophthalmologists, after all!

As you remember, ARVIs are caused by various types viruses. Some of them like to settle in the nasal mucosa, causing rhinitis, others - in the bronchi, causing bronchitis, pneumonia, and some have chosen the mucous membrane of the eyes. For example, adenovirus.

How to recognize adenoviral conjunctivitis?

The discharge from the eye during this acute respiratory viral infection is not abundant, light-colored, the eyelashes do not stick together in the morning, the eye is red, the eyelids are slightly swollen. The process begins in one eye, but after a few days it moves to the other.

And most importantly: as a rule, there are other symptoms of a cold. This, tickling, etc.

Oftalmoferon– a drug based on interferon. It has an antiviral effect and increases local immunity. The composition contains diphenhydramine, so Oftalmoferon also provides an anti-inflammatory effect, because histamine is one of the participants in the inflammatory response.

Oftalmoferon can be taken by pregnant women, breastfeeding women (preferably as prescribed by a doctor), and children from birth.

Aktipol. The active ingredient is aminobenzoic acid.

The drug is an interferon inducer, has an antioxidant effect and, in addition, accelerates corneal regeneration.

Therefore, it is also used after minor eye injuries, to improve the tolerability of contact lenses and reduce the time it takes to get used to them.

In this case, it is instilled in the morning before putting on contact lenses and in the evening after they are removed.

But if there is a viral infection, it is better not to wear lenses during treatment. However, as with any other infectious eye infection.

And one more important thing: Actipol is not used with sulfonamides, i.e. with the same Albucid.

Often a viral infection is complicated by a bacterial one, so don’t be surprised if you see both an antiviral and an antibacterial drug in your doctor’s prescription.

Poludan– lyophilisate for the preparation of eye drops. It is also an interferon inducer. Quite an old drug. It is inconvenient primarily because before use, the powder must be dissolved in 2 ml of water for injection. The prepared solution can be stored for no more than 7 days.

Antiallergic eye drops

How to recognize allergic conjunctivitis?

It's quite easy to recognize him.

The main symptom is itching, and terrible itching, which appears in a certain season during the flowering period of some plants.

True, there is year-round allergic conjunctivitis to dust, pet hair, and fish food. But less often.

And sometimes it develops into a new mascara.

As a result of constant scratching, the eyes become red, and the feeling of sand in the eyes does not go away.

Other symptoms help confirm that it is ALLERGIC conjunctivitis: runny nose, itchy skin, incessant sneezing.

Antiallergic eye products are divided into several groups:

First group. Membrane stabilizers mast cells, from which histamine is released during an allergic reaction - the main culprit of all allergy symptoms.

This group includes: Lecrolin, Hi-Krom, Cromohexal eye drops. I already wrote once that these drugs are more preventative than therapeutic. They work if you start using them early.

They are prescribed to children, as a rule, from the age of 4. and nursing mothers are contraindicated in the 1st trimester, and in the second and third, if necessary, can be prescribed by a doctor.

Second group. H1-histamine receptor blockers.

These are Allergodil and Opatanol.

Allergodil(azelastine) – contraindicated for children over 4 years of age, pregnant women in the 1st trimester and breastfeeding women.

Opatanol(olopatadine, rec.) not only blocks H1-histamine receptors, but also stabilizes the membranes of mast cells, and therefore is more effective than Allergodil.

Children - from 3 years old, pregnant and lactating women are not recommended.

Third group. Combined means.

Okumetil. Contains zinc sulfate, diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) - 10 mg and naphazoline. It has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and decongestant effects.

And thanks to the vasoconstrictor effect of naphazoline, it quickly removes redness of the eyes.

It would seem that this is what is needed!

But remember that the vasoconstrictor component gives a lot of side effects, and thanks to it, the drug has many contraindications, including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arterial, angle-closure glaucoma, prostate adenoma. So it is better not to recommend it to older people. And you definitely need to ask the buyer questions about contraindications.

Children from 2 years old. Contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women.

Polinadim. It contains diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) – 1 mg and naphazoline.

As you can see, the dosage of diphenhydramine, in contrast to that in Okumetil, is significantly lower, so the antiallergic effect is weaker.

It has all the same contraindications and side effects as the drug Okumetil.

Fourth group.

Hormonal drugs.

If these local antiallergic drugs are ineffective, the DOCTOR brings in the heavy artillery: Dexamethasone eye drops or hydrocortisone eye ointment.

This is where we will probably end today's educational program. You need to “digest” everything properly. To make this process more fun, I offer you as homework:

1. Write a list of questions to ask a customer who comes to you for advice about a red eye.
2. create a recommendation algorithm depending on his answers.

Can you handle it? Write your answers below the article in the comment box.

Yours homework We'll sort it out at the beginning of the next conversation.

That's all for today.

How did you like this article, friends? Is everything clear? What questions do you still have? What can you add based on your experience?

Write, don't be shy!

See you next time on the blog ""!

With love to you, Marina Kuznetsova

P.S. Anticipating your questions, I promise that I will make a cheat sheet on this topic when we look at all types of eye drops, and I will send it to everyone who has subscribed to my newsletter.

P.P.S. If you were unable to subscribe to the newsletter, here you will find detailed instructions, how to do it.

Eye drops- these are medicines intended for the treatment and prevention of ophthalmic diseases. The pharmaceutical industry produces hundreds of types of eye medications in the form of drops, which in turn are divided into different types and are used taking into account the specific problem that the patient has.

Modern people spend more and more time in front of a monitor screen, use a variety of gadgets, which, of course, does not have the best effect on the organs of vision. High levels cause discomfort, provoke irritation and dry eyes, and lead to decreased vision. In older people, ophthalmological diseases associated with clouding of the lens (cataract), intraocular pressure (glaucoma) and degenerative changes affecting the retina of the eyes come to the fore.

Good to know

A wide range of eye drops allows you to choose the right drug, for almost any problems with the organs of vision.

Types of eye drops

Drops designed to prevent eye diseases, improve vision and protect eyes from harmful external influences can be divided into several main groups:

• Moisturizing (“artificial tears”). Their composition is selected in such a way as to imitate natural tear production, prevent dryness and irritation of the eyes and prevent the evaporation of moisture from the mucous membranes. Such drugs are necessary for high visual loads, leading to a decrease in visual acuity.
• Vitamin. Preparations in this group contain a complex of vitamins necessary for the health and full functioning of the visual apparatus. They are also recommended for use by adolescents whose bodies suffer from vitamin deficiency or by older people to prevent metabolic disorders in the tissues of the eye and prevent age-related ophthalmological pathologies.
• Relaxing. Such products contain components that effectively relax the muscles that control the lens and reduce visual tension. The use of drops with a relaxing effect quickly helps relieve eye fatigue, reduce symptoms of irritation and serve as a good preventive measure for the development of farsightedness or myopia.

In addition, according to their intended purpose, all eye drops can be divided into the following subgroups:

• Anti-inflammatory. Used to treat inflammatory processes affecting the visual apparatus. In turn, such drugs are divided into steroidal (hormonal) and non-steroidal drops with anti-inflammatory effects and can consist of one active component or contain a complex of active substances.
• Antimicrobial- their purpose is to combat infectious lesions of the organs of vision. This is the largest group pharmacological drugs, which includes drugs with antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. They not only effectively destroy pathogenic microflora, but also additionally exhibit pronounced antiseptic properties.
• Antiallergic- used to relieve allergic conjunctivitis and other reactions hypersensitivity. The mechanism of action of such drugs is aimed at suppressing inflammatory mediators, that is, blocking histamine receptors. This same group of medications includes eye drops with a vasoconstrictor effect, which effectively relieve allergic symptoms (redness, lacrimation, swelling, irritation, soreness).
• Eye drops for the treatment of cataracts and glaucoma. Drugs used for cataracts improve metabolic processes and restore the transparency of the lens, which allows you to slow down pathological process and postpone the need for many years. The mechanism of action of medications for the treatment of glaucoma is aimed at reducing intraocular pressure, due to the outflow of intraocular fluid and reducing the volume of its production.

As you can see, the list of eye drops used for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the organs of vision is truly huge. To make the choice easier, we will dwell in more detail on the most popular and effective medicines and tell you about the features of their use.

Popular eye drops: list of drugs

Vizin (Pure Tear)

Eye drops with a moisturizing effect based on tetrazoline hydrochloride. The drug effectively relieves dry eye syndrome, relieves irritation, tension and fatigue caused by reading, prolonged work at the computer, eliminates unpleasant symptoms caused by wearing contact lenses or allergic reactions.

The medicine is produced in convenient plastic dropper bottles, making it easier to use. The instructions for using eye drops recommend instilling 1-2 drops of the drug into each conjunctival sac several times a day. Visine has virtually no contraindications and can be used long time without negative consequences for good health.

The only limitations are individual sensitivity and severe forms. The drug should be used with caution during pregnancy, lactation and coronary heart disease. The cost of drops is from 300 rubles.

The characteristics of this drug are as close as possible to natural tear fluid, which allows you to qualitatively moisturize the surface of the cornea and prevent dryness and irritation of the eyes. The drug is used to eliminate discomfort and burning sensation during high visual load and wearing lenses.

It is based on a unique polymer complex that creates a protective film on the surface of the eye, preventing possible infection and weakening the influence of adverse factors. external factors. There are few contraindications for use - children's age and individual intolerance to the components. Systane Ultra can be instilled as needed, 1-2 drops in each eye. The cost of the drug is from 450 rubles.

This is one of the most popular drugs with an antibacterial effect, which is widely used by ophthalmologists for the purpose of treatment and prevention. inflammatory diseases eyes and to prevent postoperative complications. Local preparation from the group of sulfonamides, the active substance of which is sulfacetamide, has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action.

Eye drops are prescribed for the treatment of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, ulcerative lesions of the cornea, accompanied by the separation of purulent contents, used for gonorrheal and chlamydial diseases of the organs of vision, as well as for “sour” eyes in newborns. There is only one contraindication to the use of drops - hypersensitivity to the active component.

During use, you may feel irritation and pain in the eyes. Albucid is recommended to be instilled 1-2 drops into each eye up to 6 times a day. This is one of the most inexpensive drugs, the average price of eye drops is 60 rubles.

Drops with an antibacterial component used for infectious diseases eye. The active substance of the drug is the antibiotic tobramycin, which exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial effect. Drops are prescribed for a variety of eye infections - blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, iridocyclitis.

In addition, Tobrex is used to prevent eye infections in postoperative period. During treatment infectious processes moderate severity, the drug is instilled every 4 hours (1-2 drops in each eye). In case of severe acute infection Tobrex must be instilled into the eyes every hour.

In general, the drug is well tolerated by patients, and contraindications to its use are minimal (individual intolerance), but in some cases allergic reactions may develop, and with prolonged use, fungal infections may occur. The average price of Tobrex is from 180 rubles.

Drops based on chloramphenicol are widely used in ophthalmic practice due to their pronounced bacteriostatic activity against a wide range of pathogenic microflora. The active ingredient, chloramphenicol, quickly stops the inflammatory process and copes with pathogenic microorganisms that are sensitive to the active component.

Eye drops are produced in convenient dropper bottles of 5 and 10 ml. Levomycetin exhibits high activity even in cases where other antibacterial agents turn out to be powerless. At the same time, the medication has a number of contraindications - drops cannot be prescribed for disorders of hematopoietic function, liver failure, in childhood, with individual sensitivity and during pregnancy.

An ophthalmic agent with an antibacterial effect based on sodium sulfacetamide. Eye drops contain different concentrations of the active substance - 20 or 30% and are active against many pathogenic microorganisms, which allows the drug to be used for blepharitis, conjunctivitis, purulent lesions and gonorrheal eye diseases.

The drug should not be used if you are hypersensitive to its components, in which case symptoms such as burning, itching and swelling of the eyelids are possible. Sulfacyl solution is recommended to be instilled into the eyes every 4 hours (1-2 drops). For young children, choose a solution minimum concentration, in newborn children, this remedy is used as a prophylaxis for blenorrhea and is instilled into the eyes immediately after birth every 2 hours. The average cost of the drug is 70 rubles.

A taurine-based drug intended to restore visual acuity and prevent dystrophic changes in the retina. Eye drops are prescribed as part of the complex treatment of cataracts, glaucoma, and for corneal damage and dystrophy. The drug eliminates metabolic disorders in the organs of vision, helps restore the functionality of cell membranes and reduce intraocular pressure.

According to the instructions for use, the drug can be used for a long time. The doctor selects the required dosage for each form of the disease individually. The medication is used with caution in children and people prone to allergic reactions. The price of Taufon in the pharmacy chain is from 100 rubles per bottle.

This is a drug with angioprotective and antioxidant properties that effectively protects the retina, preventing thrombosis of its vessels and eliminating intraocular hemorrhages. Eye drops are widely used for diabetic retinopathy, complicated myopia, cataracts and glaucoma, inflammatory processes and injuries of the cornea and in the postoperative period.

Instructions for use of the drug prescribe the use of this remedy up to 3 times a day (2 drops in each eye), the duration of treatment depends on the nature of the lesion and tolerability medicine. The medication is quite safe, there are few restrictions on its use - hypersensitivity and pregnancy. The price of Emoxipin is from 180 rubles.

One of the best combination vitamin preparations with anti-inflammatory, nutritional and antioxidant properties, which improves energy processes in the lens of the eye and is used for the prevention and treatment of cataracts. Cytochrome C in the composition of the drug neutralizes Negative influence free radicals, adenosine improves metabolic processes in the lens of the eye, and nicotinamide prevents the development of cataracts.

This drug is recommended for long-term use, at least six months. It is not prescribed for individual intolerance and to persons under 18 years of age. The medicine should be instilled under the lower eyelid at least 3 times a day. The cost of the drug is from 200 rubles per bottle.

Antiallergic eye drops, with active substance azelastine, whose action is aimed at blocking histamine receptors and eliminating the inflammatory process. The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and in the complex treatment of inflammatory eye lesions of a bacterial and viral nature.

This remedy has a number of contraindications; in addition to hypersensitivity, pregnancy and childhood, they cannot be used for closed-angle glaucoma. In addition, during use there may be problems adverse reactions- insomnia, impaired coordination of movements, increased blood pressure, heartbeat. Therefore, drops can only be used as prescribed by a doctor. The price of Allergodil is from 380 rubles.

Rules for using eye drops

When using eye drops, certain rules must be followed to avoid infection and development unwanted complications. The most convenient form of release is dropper bottles, which do not require the additional use of a pipette and make it easier to comply with sanitary standards.

Before using the drug, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and, after retracting the eyelid, inject the solution into the conjunctival sac, avoiding contact with the dropper tip. When instilling, you need to throw your head back slightly. Gently blot off any excess medication with a sterile cloth.

After instillation, a slight burning sensation, tearing or blurred vision may occur. If these manifestations do not disappear after a few minutes, then you should stop using the drug and consult your doctor about replacing the drug.

Eye drops for children

Many eye drops have age restrictions for use. Therefore, the attending physician must select the drug for the child. Only a specialist can prescribe the right drug, taking into account the specific problem and the main symptoms of the disease, and recommend the optimal dosage of the drug.

For infectious eye lesions of a bacterial nature, drugs such as Levomycetin, Tobrex, Albucid can be used in children from birth. Tebrofen, Oftalmoferon, Florental are prescribed to children as antiviral eye drops. For allergic conjunctivitis, Allergodil, Opatanol, Cortisol drops are used.

Do not use eye drops before seeing your pediatric ophthalmologist. Treatment can begin only after a medical examination, diagnosis and identification of the causative agent of the infection.

Medications that help the human visual organs (eyes) get rid of problems that arise. There are combination formulations on sale that can combat several conditions at the same time; There are ones that eliminate only certain pathologies.

Attention! This article is for reference only. For questions about how to use and how to treat eye diseases Be sure (!) to contact specialists.

Types of eye drops

Depending on their purpose, they are divided into groups, which include:

• antimicrobial:
• antibacterial;
• antiseptic;
• antiviral;
• antifungal;
• hormonal:
• anti-inflammatory;
• antiglaucoma:
• improving the drainage of intraocular fluid;
• inhibiting the production of aqueous fluid;
• combined;
• antiallergic;
• used for cataracts;
• moisturizing;
• diagnosing.

Antimicrobial

Designed to combat eye inflammation caused by infection.

Antibacterial

They fight infections that are caused by bacteria that penetrate the eyes and their appendages. Common diseases caused by these microorganisms include:

• dacryocystitis, in which the lacrimal sac becomes inflamed;
• meiobite – simply called barley;
• creeping type corneal ulcer, which is characterized by ulcerative lesions of the transparent membrane above the pupil and iris;
• purulent inflammations that occur after injuries and operations;
• blepharitis, characterized by inflammation of the eyelids;
• conjunctivitis, in which the mucous membrane becomes inflamed;
• keratitis, in which inflammation is associated with the cornea;
• uveitis is an inflammatory condition of the membrane of the eye, made up of blood vessels, etc.

The most widely represented group in the assortment on the market. They are based on different components: antibiotics, sulfonamides.

The first are created on the basis of both semi-synthetic and natural substances that kill microorganisms. They have different chemical natures, which is why they are distinguished:

• with aminoglycosides (for example, tobramycin, gentamicin);
• with chloramphenicol (for example, chloramphenicol);
• with fluoroquinolones (for example, levofloxacin, Citromed, ofloxacin).

The use of sulfonamides has been known for longer than antibiotics. Such drugs are still in demand and popular in ophthalmology today. As an example, albucid is a well-known and prescribed remedy for improving vision for various problems.

Selection

Which antibacterial drugs The most suitable for eye treatment is determined by the doctor for each specific patient. This usually takes into account:

• what age is he, what is his general state whether he has diseases that are contraindications;
• how the patient tolerates medications;
• what specific bacteria caused the eye problems;
• combination with the medications he is already being treated with;
• what side effects may accompany;
• whether the medications are suitable for him in terms of cost;
• whether the prescribed drugs are available in pharmacies located geographically closer to the patient’s place of residence.

An example of restrictions on the use of certain solutions in this group can be complete ban their prescription for children under one year of age. Preparations with aminoglycosides are contraindicated in those who have developed auditory neuritis; with sulfonamides - those who have severe liver problems.

Antiseptic

The purpose is to disinfect the skin and hands of surgeons, kill pathogens on mucous membranes, in wounds, in burns, on operating tables. The widest scope of action - they are able to cope with bacteria, most viruses, protozoa, and various fungi.

Preparations with antiseptic properties rarely cause allergies and are suitable for almost all patients with rare exceptions. As a rule, in ophthalmology they use:

• for conjunctivitis;
• with inflammation of the cornea, eyelids (for example, with blepharitis, barley);
• with keratitis;
• for preventive purposes to exclude complications that may develop after eye injury or surgery.

Of the antiseptics, the most famous and in demand are Okomistin and Vitabact, which are solutions of Miramistin and Picloxidine, respectively.

Since they are prescribed locally, they can be used by adults and children, pregnant and lactating women; they, if necessary, are prescribed even to newborns. An exception to the prescription may be excessive sensitivity to such medications or an allergic reaction to them.

Antiviral

They are presented on the market in two groups with different mechanisms of action on viruses. And both are big:

• one of them is based on chemotherapeutic virucidal drugs that kill viruses;
• the second includes interferons that can deal with viruses of an immune nature, as well as immunomodulators that help the body fight viruses.

The first is the drug Oftan Idu, which is an idoxuridine. It is suitable for children and adults with infectious effects on the cornea of ​​the eyes with herpes. Oftan is tolerated by most patients. Contraindications include only individual intolerance. When using idoxuridine, side effects may occur - they are expressed in burning, headache, lacrimation, eyelid spasm accompanied by pain, photophobia.

Oftan Ida should be used with caution by pregnant women. It cannot be used in situations where the patient is already using glucocorticoid drugs. In addition, its use negatively affects the healing rate of corneal damage caused by viruses.

Interferons

These are low molecular weight proteins. The drugs are “native” to the body, because they are produced by its own cells. Their activity is aimed at fighting viruses and tumors; Interferons contribute to increased immunity in humans.

Interferons in ophthalmological practice treat inflammatory processes affecting the choroid, developing in the cornea of ​​the eye. The reasons for this process are the action of adenoviruses, infection with herpes viruses, including the shingles type.

Although interferons are considered natural by the body, they are not suitable for all patients. Among those who are contraindicated are, in particular, those who have kidney damage, who have liver problems, or who are diagnosed with hematopoietic insufficiency.

Interferons are dangerous during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as they can affect their development and create problems with their health.

Immunomodulators

The direction of action is to “stimulate” the body to work on improving its protective systems. As a result, immunomodulators activate cellular immunity and help produce antibodies that can cope with viruses.

In ophthalmology, the most famous immunomodulators are represented by Poldan and Aktipol, which are composed of, respectively, a mixture of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids and aminobenzoic acid. They are usually prescribed in case of damage to the organs of vision caused by adenoviruses and herpes.

Immunomodulators are contraindicated in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Hazardous to the health of people suffering autoimmune diseases. Not prescribed to those who have serious problems with kidneys and liver.

Antifungal

The fungus affects the eyes quite rarely. When this happens, the process involves lacrimal gland and/or cornea, conjunctival membrane. The cause of the condition is mainly a weakening of the body, patients whose treatment occurs with the use of anti-inflammatory steroid drugs. Diseases are occupational, most often among agricultural workers.

Treat fungal infections special preparations, including substances that kill pathogens. They are taken in. At the same time, Vitabact is prescribed, which is associated by many people as an antifungal agent, although they are real antiseptics.

Hormonal

A special group, also called steroids. They have a fairly pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, since their action occurs at the cellular level. They are also distinguished by a high degree of penetration - after getting into the eye, they quickly end up not only in their tissues, but also in the lens.

Steroid-type products should be used with caution. Their elimination of inflammation is nothing more than suppression at the cellular level immune system body, and this can result in unfavorable problems for a person. Therefore, hormonal drugs are prescribed more to those who experience allergic and autoimmune inflammation. They help cope with the problem of rejection that can occur during corneal transplantation.

Partly, the problem of the “harmfulness” of hormonal medications for the eyes is solved by their combined representatives, the composition of which is a combination of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory steroid agents.

The most popular combination drug today is Sofradex. Maxitrol, which is composed of dexamethasone and the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin B, is close in demand. Especially if eye problems are caused by intestinal bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prescribed medications include Dexon (neomycin + dexamethasone), Dexagentamicin (aminoglycoside gentamicin + dexamethasone).

Usually combined ones are used for certain indications:

• if there are bacterial inflammations affecting the eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva; but only in cases where no epithelial lesions are observed;
• with iridocyclitis - an inflammatory lesion of the eye localized in its anterior chamber, which is represented by the iris and ciliary body.

In addition, they are used in preventive measures after eye injury or surgery.

Non-steroidal

Against non-steroidal inflammation, such as paracetamol, analgin, aspirin, are known to many and they speak positively about them. These medications help fight toothache and headaches, relieve inflammation, and get rid of fever.

In ophthalmology there are also such drugs, and among them the most famous are Diclofenac and Indocollir, which have the same effect, but different active ingredients.

Indocollir, like Diclofenac, is prescribed by doctors:

• to remove pain syndrome and an inflammatory reaction in the case of conjunctivitis in the eyes that has developed in the absence of infection;
• to suppress the reaction of the eye, expressed in a decrease in the size of the pupil, which is typical when performing surgical interventions on them;
• to prevent manifestations of cystic maculopathy, which can occur after operations associated with glaucoma and cataracts, etc.

Despite wide application Diclofenac and Indocollir also have restrictions on their use:

• gastrointestinal ulcer during exacerbation;
• failure to accept aspirin, bronchial asthma, presence of nasal polyposis;
• problems with hematopoiesis with unknown causes;
• high sensitivity to medications.

• children under 6 years of age;
• women during pregnancy, as they affect blood circulation in the fetus and newborn. Their use is possible only after assessing all possible consequences;
• patients suffering from bronchial asthma;
• elderly people diagnosed with heart failure, arterial hypertension.

Taking Indocollir and Diclofenac can:

• manifest as problems with the gastrointestinal tract, expressed by stool disorders, flatulence, nausea, pain in the upper abdomen, vomiting;
• lead to problems with sleep, irritability, dizziness, weakness, headache.

Of the side effects that are possible during use, they are rare, but observed:

• intra-ear noise;
• redness of the conjunctiva, the presence of itching in it; the cornea may become inflamed, pressure in the eyes may increase, and double vision may occur; possibly blurry vision of objects;
• paresthesia - a sensation described by patients as a crawling sensation on the skin;
• tremor, disturbances mental form, convulsions;
• hematopoietic disorders;
• problems with the kidneys, up to their swelling.

Taking into account many restrictions and side effects, Indocollir and Diclofenac are prescribed for a period of 1...2 weeks.

Antiglaucoma

Two groups:

• cholinomimetics, the use of which leads to a decrease in intraocular pressure;
• analogues of prostaglandin F2α, helping to improve the removal of intraocular fluid.

Improving the drainage of intraocular fluid

Cholinomimetics are substances that affect the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system through its receptors. If they are used continuously, it will affect the functioning internal organs. For example, a slowdown in heartbeat and contraction of smooth muscle muscles may be observed: in relation to the eyes - the circular muscle of the iris, the ciliary muscle.

Due to their properties, cholinomimetics in ophthalmology narrow, if necessary, the size of the pupils, and enhance the removal of intraocular fluid in glaucoma. Among the well-known in this group is Pilocarpine. It is used periodically when it is necessary to remove the symptoms characteristic of acute attack glaucoma; can be used continuously as a stabilizing agent intraocular pressure on some safe indication.

They begin to act no later than half an hour, and end after 4...6 hours. They are capable of reducing intraocular pressure by up to 15%...20%.

Cholinomimetics have limitations in their use. They are contraindicated:

• if there are inflammatory processes involving ciliary body, iris;
• with pupillary block, which can occur due to fusion of the iris or dislocation affecting the vitreous body and lens;
• during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• for bronchial asthma;
• with hypersensitivity to the substances included in the composition.

The use of cholinomimetics may be accompanied by side effects that disappear after discontinuation of the drug no later than 7 hours. The following states are expressed:

• in a significant reduction in the pupil and, as a consequence, the field of vision;
• in an unstable pulse, in pressure surges;
• in deterioration of distant vision, especially at dusk and at night;
• in pulmonary edema, in spasms in the bronchi;
• in pain in the upper abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation;
• c problem with urine excretion;
• in pain in the superciliary part of the head;
• in allergic manifestations.

Cholinomimetics can sometimes provoke an acceleration of the formation of cataracts, the development of conjunctivitis, and lead to damage to the cornea. You need to know this and change medications in a timely manner.

A group of prostaglandin F2α analogs, which include the prescribed Travatan and Xalatan, helps remove intraocular fluid, which helps lower intraocular pressure.

Drugs long acting, they are buried only once a day. The body gets used to them over time, so they are changed every 2 years. They can cause unpleasant side effects that disappear as soon as the medications are stopped. In particular, a condition may occur in which:

• heartbeat slows down;
• blood pressure begins to change unpredictably;
• pain appears in the area where the heart is located;
• pigmentation of the iris and eyelids occurs;
• mood decreases;
• headache appears;
• cholesterol levels increase in the blood;
• there is redness of the conjunctiva, rashes on the eyelids;
• there is sand in the eye;
• stuffy nose;
• are getting worse chronic infections etc.

• during pregnancy, while breastfeeding;
• with secondary post-inflammatory glaucoma;
• if the patient:
• there were problems with the choroid of the eye of an inflammatory nature;
• an operation was performed to restore the lens in the area of ​​the posterior capsule after it was damaged;
• if the patient's body does not tolerate the drug.

Suppressing the production of aqueous fluid

Beta blockers. Thanks to them, there is less fluid inside the eyeball. Reduces intraocular pressure by a quarter. The latter makes the drugs among the most used in the fight against glaucoma.

Timolol is used more often to combat glaucoma, and Betoptik is used a little less often. Moreover, the latter can be used even by people who suffer from bronchial asthma or other obstructive pulmonary pathologies.

Both products have restrictions on their use; they can cause some unpleasant conditions. In this list:

• bronchial asthma and other similar chronic problems in the lungs;
• dystrophic changes spreading to the cornea;
• the presence of heart rhythm disturbances, in particular with atrioventricular block, sinus bradycardia;
• the period of pregnancy in women and their breastfeeding;
• heart failure;
• the patient has diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis.

If used for a long time, they can lead to:

• to distortion heart rate, respiratory rate;
• to acute respiratory failure;
• to bronchospasm;
• to weakness;
• to dizziness;
• to sleep disturbance;
• to urticaria;
• to decreased libido;
• to lacrimation;
• to painful spasm of the eyelids;
• to swelling of the conjunctiva of an allergic nature.

In addition to beta-blockers, there are medications related to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - antiglaucoma eye drops (for example, Trusopt). They have a slightly different principle of action, but they also help reduce the reproduction of intraocular fluid.

The advantages of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors over those described above are that patients do not get used to them. Therefore, they can be used for a long time without fear that the effectiveness of the medicine will decrease.

Trusopt has fewer contraindications, but they are present. Among them:

• Addison's disease;
• presence of acute renal failure, disease diabetes mellitus;
• “poverty” of blood for potassium and calcium.

Do not use under 18 years of age or during pregnancy. In the latter case, when prescribing it, the ratio of the risk to the fetus and the expected benefit to the woman is assessed. If there is a need to use Trusopt during lactation, then the best option will give up breastfeeding and start artificial feeding.

Among the unpleasant phenomena that are observed and develop as a result of long-term use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

• inflammation of the iris, ciliary body;
• development of leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolysis of erythrocytes;
• weight loss, vomiting, nausea, decreased desire to eat;
• decreased libido;
• rash on skin, their redness;
• taste disturbance, etc.

Combined

The emergence of solutions containing ingredients from various antiglaucoma groups occurred due to the need to make them more effective and reduce the number of side effects.

For example, Fotil is capable of reducing the pressure inside the eyes by a third of the original level. What is simply impossible to achieve by other means. True, it has a greater number of contraindications, but, at the same time, it is better tolerated by patients. Such medications are less addictive.

Antiallergic

Presented in pharmacies in several groups:

• membrane stabilizing;
• agents that block histamine receptors;
• from conjunctivitis of an allergic nature with vasoconstrictor properties.

Among the membrane-stabilizing agents, Lecrolin and Ketatifen are most often used by patients. In them, the active substance is represented, respectively, by cromoglycic acid and ketatifen.

Allergic conjunctivitis of various natures is eliminated:

• seasonal;
• hyperpapillary, resulting from irritation upper eyelid postoperative sutures, prosthetics and other bodies;
• medicinal.

They are not used: up to 4 years of age; if the patient has excessive sensitivity to them.

Membrane-stabilizing drugs against allergies can be dangerous for pregnant women. The most vulnerable trimesters are considered to be the first and last.

Lecrolin and Ketatifen are among the products that are problem-free for patients. Side effects when used, they are minimal and are expressed:

• burning in the eyes;
• temporary blurred vision;
• Rarely, joint pain may occur and a rash may appear on the skin.

From the group of medications that work by blocking histamine receptors, Allergodil and Opatanol appear. In the former, the active substance is azelastine, in the latter – olopatadine. In particular - the ability to fight not only allergic conjunctivitis, but also show excellent results with complex treatment keratoconjunctivitis, as well as conjunctivitis of chlamydial, viral, bacterial types.

Opatanol should not be taken at all:

• children;
• during pregnancy, women who are breastfeeding;
• with angle-closure glaucoma;
• when taking medications that are monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

The same ban applies to Allergodil.

In any case, you need to remember that the substances act on the body as sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and alcohol. Caution should not be neglected if the patient:

• under 18 years of age;
• have diseases of bronchial asthma, gastric ulcer, prostate adenoma, arterial hypertension, hyperthyroidism.

Rules for taking: one in the morning, one in the evening. In this case, the procedure may be accompanied by:

• manifestation of sleep disturbances, lethargy, poor coordination of movements, increased fatigue;
• increased heart rate, increased blood pressure;
• loose stools, lack of desire to eat, nausea, feeling of bitterness in the mouth.

For conjunctivitis of an allergic nature, vasoconstrictor solutions help. Their action is explained by their effect on blood vessels. The latter, narrowing, lead to the disappearance of swelling of the conjunctiva and its redness. If necessary, they are good to eliminate irritation of the conjunctiva, which can be caused by contact lenses, cosmetics, chlorinated water, smog, cigarette smoke, dust.

The most popular is Visine. They allow you to relieve unpleasant conditions almost instantly and last up to 4...8 hours. However, they cannot be used categorically:

• pregnant and lactating women;
• with angle-closure glaucoma;
• for coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension;
• for diabetes mellitus, pheochromocytosis, hyperthyroidism.

Taking Visine can lead to:

• to a decrease in the patient’s performance, to headaches;
• to palpitations, to increased blood pressure;
• to an increase in the amount of sugar in the blood;
• to increased pressure inside the eye.

Used for cataracts

They only help early stages diseases. They inhibit the development of pathology and can delay surgery for a long time.

Among the well-known and most commonly used drugs for the treatment of cataracts are Quinax and Oftan Katahrom.

The former affect metabolic processes. Thanks to their action, opaque protein compounds are dissolved, due to which the level of transparency of the lens decreases. In addition, it prevents the oxidation of lens tissue. Quinax can treat any type of cataract.

Katachrom composite; they are composed of biologically active substances: adenosine, nicotinamide and cytochrome C. They help flush out toxins from the lens and participate in the nutrition of the cornea. In addition, they regulate the oxidation and restoration of eye tissues, protecting their cells when attacked by aggressive radicals. The treatment is long-term.

Anticatarrhal solutions have virtually no contraindications. They are not suitable only for people who have allergic reactions to the substances they contain.

Moisturizing

This group is essentially artificial tears. They are neutral to eye tissue, have a minimum of contraindications and are sold in pharmacies without a prescription. Their main task is to prevent the eyes from drying out, that is, not to lose their natural protection against infection and fatigue.

Especially useful for those who work in rooms equipped with air conditioning and “communicate” with a computer for a long time. Purchased to combat the conditions of Hilo Chest of Drawers or Systain. Both products are aqueous inert solutions, substitutes for tear fluid; help increase the viscosity of the tear film and its thickness.

Systain and Hilo Chest can be used by almost everyone. Exceptions are individual intolerance, the presence in the tissues of the eyes of infectious and inflammatory processes that are chronic in nature. From side effects blurred vision is observed, but it is temporary.

Diagnosing

Used in ophthalmology for surgical interventions Oh. For example, in operations when it is necessary to artificially dilate the pupil, to remove some natural reaction of the organ of vision.

Buying eye drops at a pharmacy

Prices vary greatly, so the question is always how to save money and not buy a fake.

The problem can be solved by purchasing a generic drug - an analogue of the original medication, which has the same active ingredient as the original, but a different name. They often cost less, sometimes significantly.

The quality of the analogue is different - it can be at the level of the original, or worse than it. It depends on the company that produces generics and the level of technology for their production.

For information:

• usually the quality produced by Japan, USA, countries Western Europe medications should not be a concern;
• When buying drugs manufactured in China, India, or other countries in the East Asian region, you need to be careful and carefully read the composition and reviews of them.

The selection of generics is simple. The Internet will come to your aid, more specifically the websites of pharmacies located on it. However, it is recommended to purchase them only (!) after appropriate consultation with an ophthalmologist. Because analogues, even containing the original active ingredient, may have other indications and limitations, which only a specialist knows about.

If you still decide to buy an analogue yourself, pay attention to the substance that is indicated as active in it. It is usually written at the beginning of the list of substances included in the composition. May appear in bold or listed as the active ingredient.

Description of eye drops

Levomycetin

Levomycetin is one of the most popular among patients. They treat a wide range of eye diseases. They are prescribed to those who have inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis), the mucous membrane of the eyes (conjunctivitis), and the cornea (keratitis). Naturally, in cases where bacteria that cause inflammation are sensitive to the drug.

Typically, the course of treatment with Levomycetin does not exceed 10 days. It is instilled into the eyes daily 2…4 times, the volume is one drop. If the course needs to be extended, constant monitoring of the state of blood elements at the cellular level is performed.

Levomycetin is not recommended for children under 4 years of age. In his absolute contraindications pregnancy and breastfeeding. The drug should be stored at a temperature of 8°C...15°C, out of the reach of children. A closed bottle can be stored for up to 2 years, an open bottle can be stored for a maximum of a month.

Tobrex

Tobrex is a third-generation drug - its closest relatives are streptomycin and gentamicin. It belongs to aminoglycoside antibiotics, therefore it has a narrow spectrum of action. It is not used for allergic or fungal conjunctivitis.

Among the eye diseases that are treated with Tobrex: inflammation of the lacrimal gland (dacryocystitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis), cornea (keratitis), and choroid (uveitis). Effective in preventing purulent complications that can occur after operations or injuries.

The course of treatment with Tobrex is determined by the instructions to be 2 weeks. Instillation daily, 1…2 drops, at least 3 times. They have a negative effect on the kidneys, which is a warning for their use in elderly patients.

Tobrex storage conditions are typical - a cool place out of reach of children (usually a refrigerator door). An open bottle retains its properties for up to a month.

Taufon (Taurine)

Taurine is an amino acid found in human body. Sold in a 4% solution in different (5, 10 ml) glass or plastic bottles. Its main purpose is to combat lens pathology - cataracts.

Also effective in treating:

• injuries and dystrophic processes in the cornea;
• glaucoma;
• retinal receptors responsible for the perception of visual objects.

Taufon is used for various conditions differently. For example, radiation, traumatic, diabetic and senile cataracts are treated within a month, instilling 2...4 r. daily 1..2 drops. For dystrophies and injuries, the doses are the same, but the course is reduced to a month. For open-angle glaucoma, Taurine is used together with Timolol and is applied half an hour before instillation of the latter.

Taufon storage conditions: temperature up to 25°C. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Shelf life in a polyethylene container is 3 g, in a glass container - 4 g. An open bottle is suitable for 2 weeks.

Emoxipin

• when dystrophic processes affecting the cornea, retina, and choroid are observed;
• in case of complications caused by diabetes mellitus, myopia;
• in measures to prevent hemorrhages that occur inside the eyeball, under the conjunctiva and in their treatment;
• as protection of the cornea when using contact lenses;
• with inflammation of the cornea;
• for retinal burns of various natures;
• to prevent possible complications after eye surgery.

The usual prescription of Emoxipin is 2..3 r. per day 1…2 drops. The course can be short (3 days) or very long (180 days) - determined by the doctor. Sometimes they prescribe courses lasting a month and repeating them 2…3 times a year.

The drug, due to little research, cannot be prescribed to patients under 18 years of age and to women during pregnancy and lactation.

Sulfacyl sodium (Albucid)

Sulfacyl (old name Albucid) is an antimicrobial drug belonging to the group of sulfonamides. It is used only topically against the most different types microorganisms. It is the remedy that doctors prescribe when starting to treat the eyes for such lesions:

• inflammation of the eyelids and their glands (hordeolum, blepharitis);
• inflammation of the eye mucosa (conjunctivitis);
• inflammation of the cornea (keratitis);
• blenorrhea, which occurs when infected with gonococcal flora;
• creeping ulcer developing on the cornea.

Albucid should not be used in cases of renal failure or serious liver damage. Contraindicated in those who are allergic to the drug, diuretics, sulfonylurea derivatives. Not prescribed for those over 65 years of age, pregnant women and breastfeeding women.

Dosage – 1…3 drops with a frequency of 4…6 r. daily. The duration of the course is prescribed by the doctor.

Sulfacyl is a potent drug. The place where it is stored should not be accessible to children or animals. Storage temperature – 6°С…15°С. An open bottle can be used for up to 4 weeks.

Tsipromed (Tsiprolet)

Tsipromed is a solution the newest antibiotic. They can be used not only for the eyes, but also for instillation in the ears. Can help cope with the most severe cases of purulent infection. They are contraindicated for children under one year of age, pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding after birth.

Tsiprolet is used in different ways, depending on the pathology. For example, a bacterial corneal ulcer is treated by instilling 1…2 drops of medicine every half hour. within 6 hours. after waking up. Then 2 days in an hour. The next 5 days - after 2 hours and then 4 p. in a day. The course of treatment lasts 2 weeks.

Store Tsiprolet away from sunlight, placing it in a place with a temperature of up to 25°C. If the bottle is opened, after 28 days. cannot be used.

How to use eye drops

• Before use, carefully read the instructions that are required for the drug; it will help you open the bottle correctly and quickly, tell you, for example, whether it needs to be shaken before use and a lot of other useful information;
• Before use, warm the solution by holding it in your hand for about 5 minutes;
• Always wash your hands before instillation;
• the process requires a calm environment;
• It is best to use while sitting in front of a mirror;
• The instillation itself is done as follows: the head is tilted back a little; With your free hand, pull the lower eyelid down slightly; between him and eyeball a small “pocket” is formed; move the direction of gaze upward, keeping the tip of the dropper or pipette in the field of view; instill as many drops as prescribed into the “pocket” formed by the lower eyelid; close the eye, lightly press the lower eyelid in the corner with your finger (near the nose); this prevents the medicine from getting inside the nose through the nasolacrimal duct; you need to keep the stick on the eyelid for 2...3 minutes;
• Another medicine can be dripped into the eye only after 15...20 minutes. after the previous one.

Storage

It must be stored strictly according to the instructions, which contain the appropriate section. From general rules storage:

• cannot be placed in the freezer; the best place to save them - a shelf on the refrigerator doors;
• it is necessary to ensure that children who may mistake the solution for any drink do not become interested in them;
• Opened medications can be used for a maximum of 28 days.

Allergy

They can cause allergic reactions in those patients for whom the substances included in their composition are allergens. They can be expressed:

• in the appearance of swelling of the conjunctiva, its redness;
• in a painful spasm of the eyelids;
• intraocular pain, cutting;
• constant flow of tears;
• in swelling of the tissues located near the eye.

Allergies can also occur common features. A runny nose may appear, the nose may become stuffy, and hives may spread throughout the body. Among its most severe manifestations are seizures bronchial asthma, the onset of anaphylaxis.

At allergic reactions stop using immediately. To relieve symptoms, an anti-allergy solution, such as Allergodil, is instilled into the affected eye. The antihistamine drug loratadine must be administered orally. If symptoms do not go away, you should call an ambulance.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

During such periods, it is better for women not to use such medications. If they cannot be abandoned, then the question of using the drug is decided by the doctor, taking into account its benefits for the woman and possible harm a developing fetus or a newborn baby who feeds on mother's milk.

TVs, computers, Cell phones and the like really overwork our eyes. In addition, lack of sleep, smog, dust, radiation and other factors do not have the best effect on eye health. This is why very often we suffer from dry eye syndrome, our eyes become red and tired. To help our eyes, we use eye drops. In this article we will tell you in more detail about eye drops: how to use them correctly, what types of drops there are, and the like.

General information and form of eye drops

Eye drops most often provide local impact. That is, they are used for preventive purposes or to treat pathologies that arise in the anterior parts of the eye. The composition usually contains several active substances that have healing effect. Everything is prepared under special aseptic conditions, and all rules and manufacturing technologies must be followed. All substances undergo additional purification. Water for injection is used as a solvent. The concentration of active ingredients is minimal, but sufficient to have a therapeutic effect.

Who uses eye drops most often?

First of all, eye drops are used by those people who spend a lot of time at computers. They are also used by people who feel dryness, burning, and discomfort in their eyes at the end of the working day. Drops are also needed if blood vessels begin to burst, the mucous membranes of the eyes are dry and the eyes look tired.

People who suffer from glaucoma, myopia or cataracts cannot do without eye drops. If a person wears lenses, then the drops also help relieve eye strain. After forty years, doctors recommend starting to use eye drops, as age-related changes occur during which it is necessary to strengthen the eye vessels to prevent premature loss of vision.

Some diseases carry complications that affect eye health. Therefore, it is recommended to use eye drops to prevent them. For allergies, drops are simply irreplaceable, as they relieve tearing and other unpleasant sensations.

Types of eye drops

Eye drops are divided into several groups:

• Drops that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. This group also includes drops that have antiviral and antibacterial activity. The action of such drops is aimed at eliminating inflammation and redness that has appeared in the anterior part of the eyeball. They are usually prescribed for conjunctivitis, uevitis, iritis, and keratitis. As a rule, inflammations of this kind are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The following drops can cope with them, which contain the following substances: Sodium Sulfacyl, Gentamicin, Levomycytin. Tobrex, Normax, Tsipromeda and the like have a wider spectrum of action.
• Antiallergic eye drops are designed to eliminate the consequences of allergic manifestations. They relieve swelling, itching, redness, tearing and the like. Drops are in particular demand during the flowering period of plants. The listed symptoms are well eliminated by the following drugs: Alomide, Reactin, Cromohexal, Allergodil, Zaditen. If allergic reactions are severe, doctors prescribe drops containing corticosteroids: Sofradex, Maxidex, and the like.
• Antiglaucoma eye drops are prescribed to reduce increased intraocular pressure, as well as normalize the outflow of aqueous humor from the chamber of the eye. Such medications are selected by ophthalmologists depending on individual characteristics. Most often prescribed: Phosphacol, Okuril, Betoptik, Okumed, Oftan-Timolol.
• Drops that help improve metabolic processes in the tissues and lens of the eye. Such drops are also called vitamin drops. They are used for dystrophic and age-related changes in the tissues of the eye, as well as to prevent the progression of retinal dystrophy or cataracts. Here are some representatives of this group: Oftan-Katachrome, Taufon, Quinax, Vitaiodurol, Emoxipin.
• Moisturizing eye drops. These drops contain components that prevent the cornea from drying out and reduce irritation and discomfort. Such drops are often used for dry eye syndrome. It often occurs in those who wear contact lenses, and also spends a lot of time at the computer. Doctors prescribe medications: Systane, Licontin, Hilo-Komod, Natural Tear.
• Vasoconstrictor eye drops are prescribed to reduce swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the eyes. Such symptoms can be triggered by irritation, allergies, and inflammation. The group of such drugs includes: Visin, Octilio, Irifin. Such drugs can only be used for a short time, as they have many side effects.
• Drops that help to carry out more accurate diagnostics and eye examinations. Before the procedure, the doctor instills drops that temporarily dilate the pupils. These drops include: Atropine, Irifrin, Midriacil.
• Postoperative drops are very important as they help restore visual function after eye surgery. After restoration of the cornea of ​​the eye, Balarpan is prescribed. To prevent inflammation, Naklofa and Indocollira are prescribed.

How to use eye drops correctly

When using eye drops, you need to follow some recommendations:

• Use eye drops only as directed by your doctor. All drops are prescribed only after examination. The doctor takes into account individual characteristics and problems that need to be eliminated. Be sure to follow the doses prescribed by your doctor. Follow all doctor's recommendations, otherwise the drops may not work.
• Sometimes a few drops for the eyes are prescribed. In such cases, it is necessary to observe the interval between instillations.
• If a drug prescribed by a doctor is expensive, but has a cheaper analogue, then before purchasing it, check with your doctor whether this drug is suitable.
• Before using eye drops, be sure to carefully read the instructions for them. Check out the side effects and contraindications. Pay attention to how the drops should be stored: in a dark place, in the refrigerator, etc. Pay attention to the fact that cold drops are less easily absorbed, so if you store them in the refrigerator, then before instillation, take them out and let them warm up a little.
• Before each instillation, wash your hands thoroughly to avoid infection. The tip of the pipette should not touch the mucous membrane of the eyes and fingers. It is most convenient to instill eye drops when the head is tilted back slightly, the lower eyelid is pulled back, and the drops themselves should be dripped closer to the corner of the eye. The eyes should remain closed for several minutes after this so that the medicine is evenly distributed.
• Never use someone else's drops.
• After each eye drop, seal the bottle with drops tightly. Read how many drops can be stored. Typically, eye drops have a short shelf life - about a month. After this period they cannot be used.
• Sometimes after instillation, unpleasant symptoms are felt: tingling, burning, itching, and the like. This happens often and, as a rule, they disappear on their own after a couple of minutes. If they do not go away, then you must inform your doctor about this. He will change the drug to a more suitable one for you.

First and foremost effective remedy to relieve inflammation and redness of the eyes - drops. Like every medicine, they have pharmacological properties, features and application scheme. The list of the most popular and frequently prescribed includes antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and prophylactic drugs.

Dosage forms in solutions that are injected into the conjunctival sac are eye drops. They can be water-based, oil-based or suspension-based. Any form of solution meets the following requirements:

1. To protect the conjunctiva from infection, the medicine must be sterile. This is achieved by observing the rules of asepsis and sterilization.
2. Mechanical impurities are excluded. Therefore, during preparation, the dosage form undergoes thorough filtration.


3. Solutions should be comfortable, isotonic, with optimal indicator, corresponding to the osmotic pressure of the tear fluid. For this purpose, sodium chlorides and sulfates, and boric acid are used in production.
4. Dosage forms must have a chemically stable formula. To ensure this, special stabilizers are added to them and sterilization is carried out in a gentle manner.
5. Tear fluid has a peculiarity: it quickly washes away aqueous solutions. In order to extend the validity dosage form in the conjunctival cavity, they additionally include prolonging components.

In ophthalmological practice, drops are prescribed for therapeutic and preventive measures anterior parts of the eyes, outer membranes and eyelids. Their composition can be single-component or combined.

Antiseptics

The drugs on this list are prescribed for the treatment of infections, “red eye syndrome”, traumatic injuries, inflammation, after extraction foreign bodies. These complex effects provide an antiseptic, deodorizing, disinfecting and anti-inflammatory effect.

Vitabact

Release form: 0.05% solution in a 10 ml bottle.

A broad spectrum drug used in the treatment of fungal, bacterial, viral infections anterior part of the eye. For preventive purposes it is prescribed after operations and injuries.

Main active ingredient: picloxidine dihydrochloride destroys the cell membranes of bacteria, fungi, viruses, thereby leading to their death.

To improve tolerability and effectiveness, two auxiliary components were introduced into the drug composition:

• Polysorbate maintains the concentration of picloxidine on the cornea
• Dextrose provides osmotic activity and mucosal tolerance.

Okomistin

Release form: 0.01% solution in a 10 ml bottle.

The main component is the antiseptic benzyldimethyl. Affects chlamydia, fungi, herpeviruses, staphylococci, streptococci. The drug is an isotonic solution, close to tear fluid, so its use is painless and comfortable.

Indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis. Antiseptic drops prescribed for preventive purposes after surgical interventions.

The use of Okomistin is safe, therefore it is approved in pediatric practice for children from the first days of life, for pregnant and lactating women.

Antiseptic solutions are used 1–2 drops every 4–6 hours for treatment over a course of 7–10 days. For preventive purposes, they are used three procedures per day.

Anti-inflammatory drops

Medicines in this group are represented by two types. These are synthetic hormonal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Dexamethasone

The main active ingredient is dexamethasone - a synthetic substance, an analogue of the hormone of the adrenal cortex.

Eye drops with a pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-exutative effect. The drug penetrates well into all tissues of the anterior part of the eye and appendages, acting for 4 to 8 hours.

Course of treatment: from 10 days to two weeks.

Prescribed for non-purulent, purulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, neuritis optic nerve, for the prevention of the inflammatory reaction after surgery, burns and injuries.

The drug is contraindicated for purulent pathologies, viral infection, and increased intraocular pressure.

Applies to prescription drugs.

Prenatsid

The main active ingredient of the drug is disodium disonide phosphate. This connection belongs to synthetic glucocorticoids and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor effect.

Prescribed for organic pathologies, thermal, chemical, traumatic injuries to the anterior part of the eye and appendages.

The course of treatment is from 12 days to two weeks. For special indications, the period may be extended to a month.

Tobradex

A combined drug in the form of a suspension that combines two components:

• Anti-inflammatory properties are provided by dexamentasone.
• The antimicrobial function is achieved through tobramycin, an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action.

Drops are prescribed for bacterial infections and inflammation of the anterior parts of the eye, for prevention in the postoperative period.

Course of treatment with the drug: 7–10 days.

The product is contraindicated for children under 1 year of age, pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Diclofenac

The main active component of the drops is a phenyl derivative. acetic acid diclofenac sodium belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances.

The drug acts as an anesthetic that relieves swelling.

Course of treatment with eye drops: from one to three weeks.

Analogue of the drug: Diklo-F eye drops.

Indocollier

The main component of the product, a derivative of acetic acid, belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances. Acts on the source of infection, relieves pain and swelling.

Course of treatment with eye drops: from seven days and up to four weeks as prescribed by a doctor.

Used in preventive and medicinal purposes for inflammation of the eye of various origins, injuries, before and after cataract surgery.

The product is contraindicated for children under 2 years of age, pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Antibiotics, bacteriostatics

Preparations in this group include active ingredients of synthetic or natural origin that are harmful to pathogenic microorganisms. The range of their applications in ophthalmic treatment wide enough. They are indicated in the treatment of bacterial blepharitis, conjunctivitis, barley, dacryocystitis, keratitis and other acute and chronic infectious eye lesions.

Treatment agents are divided into two large groups:

• Antibacterial (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones).
• Sulfanilamide.

The choice of one or another drug is made by a specialist, taking into account age, spectrum of exposure, expected tolerability, and sensitivity of the infection to the drug.

Tsipromed, Floxal, Signitsef

Eye drops with the main component of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Suppresses reproducing and dormant bacteria.

They give a high absorption rate and reach their maximum concentration after 2 hours, maintaining it for up to 6 hours.

Indicated in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the eyes and appendages: conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, blepharitis.

The dosage of fluoroquinolone drugs is determined by the doctor. The course of treatment lasts 7 days.

Dilaterol, Tobrex

Ophthalmic solutions with aminoglycosides, where tobramycin sulfate is included as the main component.

The local antibiotic acts on streptococcus, staphylococcus, Klebsiella, diphtheria and Escherichia coli.

Indicated for infectious eye lesions by pathogenic microorganisms sensitive to tobramycin sulfate in all categories of patients, including newborns.

Course of treatment: from 7 to 10 days.

Sulfonamide bacteriostatic drugs are prescribed for initial stage infections. They inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and, in addition to the bacteriostatic effect, have a keratoplastic effect: they restore the outer epithelial cell layer.

Albucid

The active ingredient is sodium sulfacide (sulfacetamide).

The drug is available in two dosages of an aqueous solution of 5 and 10 ml:

• 20% children's.
• 30% adult.

Eye drops provide a local antimicrobial effect against coli, gonococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, chlamydia.

It is used for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the anterior part of the eye: purulent conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers. For prophylactic purposes it is used to prevent infections in newborns.

The course of treatment with the drug is continued until symptoms disappear completely, with daily instillations every 4 hours.

Metabolic group

To prevent dystrophic and age-related changes, stimulate metabolic processes and normalize intraocular pressure, prescribe fortified formulations.

Taufon

Release form: 5.10 ml bottles, 4% solution.

Eye drops based on taurine, an amino acid that is involved in lipid metabolism and normalizes intracellular energy balance.

In ophthalmology, the compound is used for the treatment and prevention of dystrophic processes

Indications:

• Increased visual load.
• All stages of myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism.
• Age-related changes in the cornea.
• Cataract.
• Glaucoma.
• Diabetic retinopathy.

Course of treatment: from one to three months.

Quinax

Eye drops with the active ingredient azapentacene polysulfonate. This compound stimulates the formation of enzymes and other protein structures in the anterior chambers of the eyes and acts as an antioxidant.

Lutein-Complex

Eye drops with the active substance lutein - an antioxidant and neutralizer. As it accumulates, the drug acts as a light filter, protecting the eye from aggressive rays of the light spectrum. The antioxidant properties of lutein make it possible to neutralize the negative effects that free radicals have, and thereby prevent degeneration of the retina and lens.

The range of application of the drug is wide: it is prescribed for everyone age groups. For children and adolescents - for the prevention of myopia, in adults - for age-related farsightedness, to prevent sclerotic senile changes.

Vitafacol

Release form: 10 ml bottle.

Combination eye drops to improve metabolism, respiration and cell synthesis. Stimulates energy processes in the lens due to the content of active components:

• Cytochrome.
• Adenosine.
• Sodium succinate.
• Nicotinamide.

Indicated for the prevention of cataracts and other sclerotic changes in the anterior parts of the eye.

Course of treatment: from 1 to 3 months.

Moisturizing

This group of prophylactic agents has a wide range of purposes. They are shown to those who have professional activity associated with increased visual load.

Inoxa

Release form: 10 ml bottle.

Complex preparation with plant extracts:

• Chamomile.
• Elderberry.
• Witch hazel.
• Sweet clover.

Hypoallergenic eye drops eliminate dryness, irritation and redness, provide a slight anti-inflammatory effect, narrow dilated blood vessels. The drug is recommended for caring, relaxing and moisturizing the mucous membranes of the eyes after wearing contact lenses.

Ophthalgel

A keratoprotective drug based on carbomer, a high-molecular compound similar in composition to tear fluid. Indicated for “red eye syndrome” and when wearing lenses.

It creates a protective and moisturizing film on the surface of the organ and relieves inflammation.

The list of eye drops of artificial tear fluid substitutes includes the following names: Systane, Vial, Natural Tear, Oftolik, Visomitin.

Unlike other drugs, moisturizers do not have systemic action to the cells of the anterior part of the eye. Apart from individual intolerance, they have no contraindications, so they can be purchased and used without a doctor’s prescription.

Rules of application

All eye drops, like any other medications, should be used only after prescription by the attending physician.

In order for them to give a therapeutic effect, maintain the effect and not cause damage, you need to follow several rules:

1. An opened bottle can be used for no more than 4 weeks and stored only in a cool, dark place.
2. You should wash your hands before the procedure.
3. When instilling, try to ensure that the tip of the pipette does not come into contact with the surface of the eye or eyelashes.
4. If the doctor has prescribed several medications, the procedures should be carried out with pauses of at least 20 minutes. It doesn't matter which drug comes first.

The main thing: if the doctor has prescribed treatment with drops, you cannot interrupt it yourself. The full course of procedures must be followed.