First of all, answering the question, which is better - MRI or CT knee joint, the doctor studies the clinical picture of the patient and determines diagnostic purposes. In order to understand when an MRI or CT scan of the knee joint is prescribed, we first understand the fundamental principles of these procedures.
Magnetic resonance imaging involves the use of constant magnetic field and a series of electromagnetic pulses that, passing through the human body, cause resonance in hydrogen atoms. Data obtained from recording changes in electromagnetic response atomic nuclei, serve as the basis for further construction of tomograms.
The following indications for MRI of the knee joint are distinguished:
- analysis of the general condition of bone and soft tissue structures;
- the presence of injuries, fractures, dislocations and other damage to bones and ligamentous muscles;
- suspicion of infectious and inflammatory processes, fluid accumulation, tumor formations in the knee joint;
- degenerative diseases connective tissue;
- decreased range of motion in the joint.
Computed tomography is a cross-sectional scanning method in which X-rays are passed through the human body. Unlike radiography, this manipulation has a number of advantages:
- high level of detail in final images;
- minimum dose of radiation exposure;
- the ability to obtain a three-dimensional image of both the entire target area and its individual part.
CT scanning of the knee joint is widely used in surgery and orthopedics, since the patella, femur and tibia are clearly visible on the resulting tomograms.
Indications for CT diagnostics are:
- traumatic injuries of any complexity;
- suspicion of tumors and other neoplasms in cartilage and bones;
- preparation for knee surgery and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment;
- diagnosis of trabecular fractures, infiltration processes, Baker's cyst, arthrosis, arthritis, osteochondropathy.
In general, the diagnostic capabilities of MRI or CT of the knee joint are the same in some cases. However, there are certain features. Thus, CT provides better images of the skeletal structure, while MRI provides detailed visualization of soft tissue structures in the knee joint or other area.
MRI or CT scans of the knee are often performed with contrast enhancement. Contrasting is aimed at identifying direct and indirect signs pathological process at its early stage, which allows the doctor to timely take adequate measures for its medical correction.
What are the contraindications to MRI or CT scan of the knee joint?
The use of MRI or CT of the knee joint is not always possible, since these procedures have certain limitations. Thus, MRI diagnostics is prohibited in the following situations:
- the presence of hemostatic clips, cochlear implants or other metal products;
- claustrophobia;
- neurological disorders, excluding the patient from being stationary;
- heart failure in the stage of decompensation.
With the exception of pregnancy and maximum permissible human weight, absolute contraindications no for computed tomography.
The final choice between MRI or CT of the knee joint will be made by the doctor based on your medical history and diagnostic purposes. Don't sign up for medical procedures without consulting a specialist.
Diagnose any disease, dysfunction in the area hip joint very difficult due to its complex structure. The most suitable diagnostic method is considered to be a CT scan of the hip joint. It is this study that provides the specialist with accurate data on the condition of this difficult-to-diagnose area. Such accuracy and information content is achieved through multilayer scanning.
Of all the joint diagnostic methods used (radiography, ultrasound), it is CT scan considered the most reliable. The tomograph is capable of taking images of the organ or tissue being examined in different projections:
- longitudinal;
- transverse.
In this case, such scanning is performed without changing the patient’s position.
Computed tomography has become a popular diagnostic method due to the accuracy of the results it provides. This study will help a specialist detect and study any anomalies, damage, pathologies, diseases. The doctor may send the patient for the procedure if there is a suspicion of the following pathologies:
- arthrosis of the hips, hip joint;
- osteoporosis;
- bone cracks;
- femoral neck fractures;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- intra-articular fractures;
- osteomyelitis;
- accumulation of fluid (pus, blood) inside the joint;
- tumors of the hip joints, soft tissues (benign/malignant);
- deforming osteonecrosis;
- the presence of foreign bodies in the area of bones and joints;
- presence of avascular necrosis of the head femur;
- abnormalities in the development of joints;
- suspicion of metastases;
- the presence of traumatic injuries to soft tissues (articular capsule, muscles, ligaments).
In addition to studying the above pathologies, CT scanning of the hip joints can be prescribed before surgery, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy.
What modern diagnostics can show
CT scan performed in the area of the hip joints allows the radiologist to visualize the following diseases and pathologies:
- tumors (benign/malignant) of bones and surrounding soft tissues;
- the depth of growth of new bone formations into soft tissues;
- the presence of metastases that have penetrated from other lesions;
- the degree of germination of soft tissue neoplasms into the bones;
- presence foreign body inside soft tissues, pelvic bones;
- various pathologies of the hip joints;
- joint dysplasia;
- the degree of bone destruction that develops due to the formation of fistulas and Crohn's disease.
Features of preparation for the procedure
If the diagnosis of joints is carried out without a contrast agent, the patient does not need special training. The only thing he will need to do before the CT scan is to put on medical clothes instead of his own, and remove all metal accessories and jewelry.
To get a more detailed picture of the area being examined, doctors prescribe diagnostics with contrast. A special dye is usually injected intravenously. Sometimes the procedure is performed by a nurse, the drug is administered through a catheter; more modern devices for administering a contrast agent have a special injector.
Before the study, the patient should not eat food (4 to 6 hours before). If the patient is unable to remain motionless, he is provided depressant. Limbs can also be secured using soft straps. The entire body that does not require examination is covered with an apron that reflects X-rays.
When planning to undergo a computed tomography scan, patients are interested in the cost of this diagnostic method. The price of the procedure is determined taking into account various factors(use of contrast, the need to record images on disk, interpretation of results, status of the clinic, class of equipment used). Accordingly, the cost of the study varies from 3 to 13 thousand rubles.
How the research is carried out
To carry out diagnostics, the patient lies down on the movable table of the device. The area of interest (hip joint) is placed inside the scanning ring. The scanning ring rotates and sends signals through the body. If diagnosis is performed without the use of a contrast agent, the procedure takes several minutes.
If a study with contrast is needed, it will be administered during the procedure. Accordingly, CT in in this case it will take about 20 minutes. The specialist interprets the results after the procedure. The patient will be able to receive the recording of the examination and transcript in about an hour.
Contraindications to scanning with a tomograph
If diagnostics are performed without a contrast agent, the only contraindication will be pregnancy. Although, if seriously necessary, even a pregnant woman can undergo imaging of the hip joints. In this case, the doctor will cover the abdominal area with a special apron, a lead blanket, in order to reduce the amount of X-rays affecting the body of the expectant mother.
When performing diagnostics with contrast, the circle of patients for whom CT is prohibited is growing. Contraindications are:
- allergy to iodine;
- dysfunction of the endocrine system;
- renal failure;
- heart failure.
Which is better for examining the hip joint: CT or MRI?
Each of these diagnostic procedures is quite informative, and most importantly provides accurate data on the state of the organ and system. But which one the patient should undergo is decided by the specialist. Each method has its own advantages:
- CT is excellent at visualizing bone injuries. To study veins, nerves, arteries, ligaments, and muscles, it is necessary to administer contrast.
- MRI is not suitable for diagnosing injuries, but clearly shows degenerative processes inside the bones. Magnetic resonance imaging perfectly visualizes inflammatory processes, ruptures, tears of ligaments and muscles. This diagnostic method is able, even without the use of a contrast agent, to evaluate the pathology of arteries (obturator, medial, lateral, branches of the deep artery of the femur), veins (superficial, deep), nerves (femoral, obturator, sciatic).
The information content of each of the above research methods has been proven in practice. Despite the high cost, they will provide the most accurate information necessary for a specialist to make a choice effective course therapy.
Only a specialist understands all these subtleties. Therefore, if you have been prescribed a computed tomography scan of the hip joint, then you need to undergo this particular diagnosis. After all, it is she who is able to provide the doctor with a complete picture of the pathology.
X-ray or MRI of the hip joint - which is better? Modern medicine has many instrumental methods, with the help of which it is possible to promptly detect pathological changes at an early stage. To understand when X-rays or MRIs of the hip joint are used, let’s pay attention to the fundamental principles of both techniques.
MRI or X-ray of the hip joint: differences
MRI or X-ray of the hip joint - what to choose? Let's figure out how research is carried out and who is most suitable for it.
Magnetic resonance imaging involves measuring the electromagnetic properties of atomic nuclei contained in soft tissues when exposed to a constant magnetic field and radio frequency pulses. The tomograms obtained as a result of an MRI scan are different high level details and allow us to identify morphological changes in the organ under study, evaluate it structural features and shape, diagnose neoplasms and other pathologies.
During radiography, X-rays are passed through the human body and gradually weaken as they pass between tissues of different densities. X-rays are most often used in traumatological practice, when it is necessary to quickly assess the condition of broken bones and determine the location of bone fragments in complex fractures. In addition, an X-ray of the hip joint is indicated as a primary diagnosis for dislocations, complaints of pain in the hip area, and deterioration in limb mobility.
When is an MRI or X-ray of the hip joint performed?
MRI or X-ray of the hip joint is prescribed taking into account specific diagnostic purposes and individual characteristics person. The hip joint is examined using MRI for the following indications:
- acetabular rupture upper lip;
- diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, infectious and inflammatory processes;
- suspicion of rheumatoid arthritis, osteonecrosis, Paget's disease, tumor formations in the hip joint;
- dysplasia ( congenital anomalies development);
- planning surgical operations on the thigh;
- monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
MRI diagnostics is safe for health, as confirmed by numerous studies. Other advantages of this technique include its high information content and the absence of radiation exposure to the patient’s body.
X-ray examination is advisable to use when it is not the joint itself that is damaged, but nearby bone structures. Usually this manipulation is prescribed to determine indirect signs of pathology. The main advantages of this manipulation include its accessibility, low cost, and the ability to trace the dynamics of changes in the affected organ during the therapy using a series of radiographs. To perform a more comprehensive analysis, computed tomography or MRI diagnostics is prescribed.
MRI or x-ray of the hip joint: contraindications
Like most instrumental methods, MRI or X-ray of the hip joint has a number of limitations. X-rays are contraindicated during pregnancy, if open wounds and the general serious condition of the patient (since radiation can only worsen the situation).
MRI scanning is excluded in the first trimester of pregnancy, with claustrophobia, some neurological diseases, presence of products in the patient’s body medical purposes or ferromagnetic fragments.
X-ray or MRI of the hip joint is chosen by the attending physician depending on the clinical picture and a set of anamnestic data. Both of these methods are fundamentally different, and the doctor’s decision is formed taking into account all the nuances of a particular situation.
Methods radiology diagnostics are leading for any pathology of the musculoskeletal system, and especially for such a complex joint as the hip joint.
Radiography cannot always provide sufficient information and visualize the soft structures of the joint to the required extent. Therefore on modern stage X-ray is primary method diagnostics, and to detect serious pathology, preoperative preparation must use new and improved procedures.
Such manipulations include magnetic resonance and computed tomography. These two methods can detect pathological process at an early stage, establish the degree of damage, build a three-dimensional model of the hip joint for adequate treatment.
It is worth saying that CT and MRI are expensive procedures, so the doctor must realistically assess the indications for the study and prescribe them only if necessary.
How is the research conducted? What is the indication for the use of modern radiation techniques? To begin with, it is worth understanding the principle of operation of devices for magnetic resonance and computed tomography.
Operating principle of MRI
The hip joint is a complex formation consisting of bone, cartilage, ligamentous and muscle elements. X-rays can only detect hard tissues- bone. To assess the condition of the soft components of the joint, the method is used magnetic resonance.
A part of the human body placed in the magnetic field of the apparatus undergoes a complex of physical and chemical effects.
In tissues that differ in density and content of hydrogen elements, polarization of molecules occurs. The change in charge is detected by the MRI machine and displayed on a computer.
As a result, an image appears on the monitor screen in which each tissue - be it cartilage or ligament - looks like a separate formation. The resulting image can be printed on film for inclusion in the patient’s medical history or consultation with other specialists.
Computer technologies make it possible to create a three-dimensional model of the joint based on the obtained image slices. The resulting image will provide invaluable assistance to the surgeon in preparing for hip surgery.
Indications
It is worth noting that magnetic resonance imaging best visualizes soft fabrics, which include cartilage, ligaments, and joint capsule. This determines the indications for the procedure:
- Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, others systemic diseases joints.
- Infectious.
- Tears, tears, sprains.
- Hemarthrosis is an accumulation of blood in the joint cavity.
- Developmental anomalies hip area.
- Dislocations, subluxations.
- Damage to the nerves passing through the joint area.
- Osteochondropathies are diseases of cartilage tissue (Perthes disease and others).
- Tumors, including metastases to the joint.
The listed indications may be the reason for prescribing magnetic resonance. Some pathological conditions can be diagnosed using other methods, but MRI is of greatest value.
If the attending physician, despite the high cost of the procedure, prescribes this particular study, you should listen to his recommendations.
Operating principle of CT
Other modern diagnostic study is computed tomography. This method is valuable for its accurate visualization of hard bone tissue, as well as the ability to manipulate contrast to obtain more reliable results.
The operating principle of CT differs significantly from the mechanism of magnetic tomography. In this procedure, the part of the body being examined (the hip joint) is also placed in a device, which is a tube. The machine takes a picture of the joint by passing multiple beams, similar to X-rays, through the tissue.
A distinctive feature is that the study is carried out in several sections and planes at once, which allows you to obtain a series of images on a computer.
The resulting images can also be combined into a single three-dimensional picture. The disadvantage is the irradiation of tissue in the device, which does not allow the method to be used in the study of children and pregnant women.
Indications
Unlike MRI of the hip joints, computed tomography better visualizes exactly bone tissue. In the diagnosis of diseases in this area, this feature of the method makes it possible to use CT in the following conditions:
- Complex, intra-articular fractures (femoral neck, pelvic bones).
- Dislocations of the femoral head.
- Tumors of the femur, cancer metastases to the joint.
- Coxarthrosis is deforming arthrosis of the hip joint.
- The presence of foreign bodies in the joint cavity.
- Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.
- Preoperative preparation.
- Postoperative treatment control.
The list of indications for the use of CT can be continued when using contrast in the joint cavity, as well as when other research methods are ineffective.
Contraindications and complications
Magnetic resonance imaging has a minimum of contraindications for use, which are limited to the presence of metal formations in the body (prostheses, hearing aids, foreign bodies).
Also, the severe condition of the patient, acute surgical pathology, or mental illness. When using contrast agents, a contraindication is individual intolerance, a history of allergic reactions to chemical agents.
Complications with both magnetic tomography and CT are extremely rare. The chance of allergies is minimized, and in the treatment room there is always a kit with drugs to eliminate hypersensitivity reactions.
Sometimes, during research, an attack of claustrophobia occurs. When discomfort, feelings of nausea, fear, need to be reported medical personnel using the button that activates the microphone.
Methodology of the procedure
How are CT and MRI scans of the hip done? The procedure for preparing for manipulation is as simple as possible for the patient. There are no dietary restrictions before the study, no need to prepare the skin.
The part of the body being examined is placed in a device that performs the procedure within 20 minutes to half an hour. The manipulation is absolutely painless and in most cases is not felt by the patient.
During the procedure, medical personnel are behind protective glass in the same room as the patient. If you experience any complaints or discomfort, it is recommended to contact nurse by pressing the microphone button.
Contrasting
Sometimes, to visualize intra-articular soft formations, as well as assess the state of the vascular network, contrast is performed - the introduction of special substances visible in the image. Contrast can be injected into the joint cavity or intravenously.
In the first method, soft tissue is punctured above the hip joint in front or behind.
For pain relief, the injection site is first injected with novocaine. To distribute contrast over articular capsule the patient may be asked to move around, walk around the manipulation room.
Intravenous administration of the substance allows you to assess the condition of the blood vessels. In traumatology and orthopedics, the technique is used extremely rarely. Contraindications to the use of contrast include pregnancy, hypersensitivity to the chemical.
Research results
After CT and MRI of the hip joint, the patient receives images of the area under study in different sections. These images are sent to the attending physician, who evaluates the condition of the joint and detects the presence of the following abnormalities:
- Exostoses and osteophytes are outgrowths of bone tissue.
- Violation of the integrity of bone, ligaments, cartilage.
- Developmental anomalies.
- Necrosis (death) of a section of bone.
- Dislocations and subluxations of the femoral head.
- Foreign bodies.
- Signs of tissue inflammation.
- Tumor-like formations.
Research allows us to make a reliable diagnosis and begin adequate treatment patient.
MRI of the hip joint is a diagnostic method that clearly shows what is happening with the tissues, vessels, bones, tendons and other structures of the specified area. The method is based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance.
An alternative diagnosis is CT scan of the hip joints. The procedure involves layer-by-layer examination of tissues based on exposure to X-rays.
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Advantages of the method
MRI of the hip joint is a painless examination that does not require rehabilitation and does not cause harm to the body. The method is used to diagnose pathologies of the hip joint in order to assess the condition of not only bones, but also tissues. The image is three-dimensional, allowing the surgeon to comprehensively assess the stage of the disease.
Advantages of MRI examination:
- Radiation exposure to the body is excluded.
- MRI of joints allows you to obtain a three-dimensional image on the screen, which, if necessary, can be enlarged and detailed. This will make diagnosis easier.
- The results of the study help to identify any pathologies, including metastases, cancer at an early stage of development, when other methods are powerless.
- Non-invasive diagnostic method.
- MRI of the hip joint makes it possible to draw up a detailed plan for surgery, if one is planned.
In addition to magnetic resonance imaging, the popular method is computed tomography of the hip joint (CT) and MSCT of the pelvic bones.
Indications
If pathologies of the musculoskeletal system occur, a CT scan or MRI of the hip joint (MSCT of the pelvic bones) is prescribed to establish and clarify the diagnosis. Advantage this method(MRI) is described above, and the decision to prescribe a certain type of study is made by the attending physician. Below is indicated in the presence of which diseases and conditions these types of tomography can be prescribed:
- Fractures, bruises, sprains, ruptures, dislocations.
- Rheumatic diseases: ankylosing spondylitis, lupus erythematosus.
- Infectious joint lesions.
- Oncological changes, neoplasms in this area.
- Dysplasia.
- Stiffness of movement, swelling of unknown etiology.
Depending on the symptoms of the disease, the decision to prescribe a certain type of study is made by the attending physician. .
- Osteonecrosis.
- Arthritis of various origins.
- Arthrosis.
- Pinched nerves.
- Perthes-Calvet disease.
- Osteomyelitis.
- Preoperative period and control after surgery.
- Paget's disease.
These are the main indications for MRI of the hip joint, CT and MSCT of the pelvic bones.
Getting ready to conduct research
Special training skin, diet, or other tests are not required. If magnetic tomography is performed using a contrast agent, then you should not eat or drink 5 hours before the start of the scan. You should notify your doctor about the following conditions and illnesses:
- Allergic reactions to the administered drug (gadolinium).
- Pregnancy.
- Kidney/liver failure.
- Diabetes.
- Claustrophobia.
Before performing an MRI of the hip joint, you must remove all metal objects: jewelry, including piercings, hairpins, hairpins, credit cards, zippers, glasses, dentures, pens, watches.
During a CT or MSCT procedure of the hip joints, iodine is used as a contrast agent, to which the body may react negatively, so you should inform your doctor about possible allergies. The diagnostician should be notified if an x-ray is taken in the near future.
How to do an MRI of the hip joint
A magnetic resonance therapy machine consists of a tube surrounded by a magnetic belt. There are open chambers where the fields are located only on the sides. Such devices are suitable for people suffering from claustrophobia or obesity.
MRI of the hip joint is performed according to the following algorithm:
- The patient changes into a disposable suit.
- Lies on a movable stand.
- If the use of a contrast agent is envisaged, it is injected into a vein or directly into the joint cavity. The puncture site is anesthetized and after contrast is administered, the patient is asked to move.
- The tunnel of the MRI machine has excellent ventilation, lighting, and there is a button for interactive communication with medical staff.
- The scanning does not cause discomfort (sometimes you feel warm) and lasts from a quarter of an hour to 60 minutes (in case of contrast).
- The patient's movements during the procedure should be limited as much as possible.
After the procedure, the diagnostician prepares a transcript of the MRI results and issues a conclusion. IN difficult cases patients receive papers the next day.
Contraindications and possible risks
Not everyone can undergo the procedure. Contraindications to MRI are:
- The presence in the body of cardiac and neurostimulators, ferromagnetic and metal implants, and an insulin pump. It is impossible to do an MRI with an endoprosthesis.
- Mental disorders.
- Inability to control movements.
- Weight exceeding 150 kg.
- The study is contraindicated during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging is especially not recommended for pregnant women in the first trimester.
MRI is contraindicated during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging is especially not recommended for pregnant women in the first trimester.
Some contraindications (claustrophobia) can be ignored if you choose an open type of device.
Regarding the age limit, there is no one - MRI can be performed from birth. But it is difficult for young children to lie still, so diagnostics are practiced from the age of 7. If it is necessary to do an MRI of the hip area, say, for children 4 years old, then the child is given general anesthesia.
MRI or CT: differences and which is better
The first difference between a CT scan of the hip joint and an MRI is in the method of exposure. Computed tomography – scanning the structure of bones and tissues using x-rays. The computer converts the picture into a three-dimensional image. Often, CT is used to clarify the diagnosis obtained using ultrasound. It is an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Computer tomograph.
Additional differences of the method:
- Approved for people with implanted metal implants, safe for patients with endoprostheses.
- High-precision, layer-by-layer examination of tissue sections.
- Takes no more than 2 minutes.
- Generally does not require the use of a contrast agent.
The result is a series of images of the hip joints, which form a complete picture.
By comparing methods, you can identify differences:
- Method of exposure: CT - x-ray, MRI - magnet.
- Time duration: CT – fast, MRI – slow.
- Presence of contraindications: CT – almost none, MRI – many.
But it is impossible to single out a priority method for examining the hip area. They are appointed taking into account the specific situation and individual characteristics.
An improved method of computed tomography - MSCT of the pelvic bones. This is multispiral computer diagnostics. The main difference is the high-precision equipment latest generation. The study uses several detectors that capture X-rays. In the case of MSCT of the hip joints, scanning is much faster and clearer than with conventional computed tomography. MSCT differs from the magnetic resonance method in fewer contraindications (it is allowed to be used if the patient has metal prostheses, tattoos, mental disorders, claustrophobia).
MSCT, CT and MRI of the hip joints are studies of bone and tissue structures that serve for a full diagnosis/clarification of the diagnosis made on ultrasound/X-ray.
Price
How much an MRI (CT, MSCT) of the hip joint costs depends on the region of the Russian Federation where the clinic is located, the level of equipment, and the professionalism of specialists.
Cost of MRI of the hip joint (the tables show average prices for examination of one joint).
CT scan of the hip joint, prices:
The cost of MSCT of the hip joint starts from 2,600 rubles, depending on the region.
The price of MRI, CT scan of the hip joints using contrast automatically doubles. Diagnostics can be done most inexpensively in regions of the Russian Federation remote from the Central Federal District.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most informative, accurate method for diagnosing diseases localized in the hip area, which is chosen in the absence of categorical contraindications.
We do MRI of the hip joints
Today, a large number of people suffer from diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Paying sufficient attention to this problem, doctors have developed a lot diagnostic measures, which allow us to determine the cause of the disease and correctly prescribe treatment. One of these diagnostic methods is to conduct a tomographic examination. During this procedure, the doctor identifies the exact causes and level of damage to the musculoskeletal system. MRI of the hip joints is a quick, painless procedure that does not cause the patient any discomfort. But at the same time, it allows you to get a reliable picture of the condition of the patient’s joints.
Features of magnetic resonance imaging
An MRI of the hip joint is permitted for both adults and children. This examination does not cause any harm to a person, is not affected by X-ray radiation, which means it can even be used to diagnose newborns. MRI is allowed for examining expectant mothers for different dates pregnancy.
Doctors speak very highly of tomography because it helps quickly find out information about a hip injury. MRI makes it possible to assess the condition of the tissues that surround the joints and promptly identify their condition. Even if the patient does not complain painful sensations, tomography reveals diseases at the most early stages. This diagnosis allows doctors to prescribe therapeutic measures even before the patient begins to experience discomfort.
The results of magnetic resonance imaging are displayed in clear, three-dimensional images, which are immediately interpreted by doctors. This allows the patient to immediately receive necessary appointments from specialists. Note that this type research is extremely important before planning surgical interventions. Because detailed, extensive information makes it possible to thoroughly prepare for the surgical procedure.
For what diagnoses is tomography prescribed?
Not all patients know what an MRI of the hip joint shows. Turns out, this procedure reveals the exact cause painful sensations that a person can feel in lumbar region and hips. If there is swelling in the lower extremities, difficulty moving the legs and loss of sensation, an MRI shows the exact cause of the disease. Sometimes the question arises: X-ray or MRI of the hip joint? Often, with hip fractures, x-rays do not allow us to determine the scale of the problem. In this case, the doctor decides to conduct a tomographic examination. And this is the right decision. Because an MRI image will immediately indicate the area of the fracture.
In addition, tomography reveals the following ailments:
- Dislocations, fractures.
- Neoplasms in bone tissue.
- Infectious lesions of soft tissues.
- Arthritis, osteoprosis, avascular necrosis, hematomas.
- Diseases of a rheumatic nature.
Preparing for an MRI
To ensure accurate tomography results, the following preparation steps should be followed before performing. First of all, you need to get rid of metal elements that may be contained in clothing. If you wear metal dental crowns or posts, you should tell your doctor. The fact is that any metal element can negatively affect the operation of the device. Therefore, before carrying out the procedure, you need to get rid of metal-containing components. Of course, you should not enter the office with mobile phone, player and other gadgets.
If there is a need to conduct an examination using a contrast agent, a test for susceptibility to a special composition is performed at the preparation stage.
How tomography is done
The survey process is quite simple. After preparation, the patient is invited to lie down on a special couch, which is subsequently sent to the tomograph capsule. During the entire examination, which can last from 30 to 60 minutes, the patient should not move, as this will lead to a distorted image and incorrect interpretation of the results.
In conclusion, we note that a safer and more informative type of examination than MRI does not exist in medicine today. Therefore, if you need to determine the cause of pain in the hip joint, especially in children, it is recommended to safely agree to a tomography. If a child needs to be examined, before starting the procedure, it is recommended to have a conversation during which you tell the child about the upcoming test. Since the examination requires the patient to be immobile, the child needs to be explained that it is necessary to lie quietly on the couch for a while. To ensure that children do not experience discomfort during the study, it is recommended that parents be nearby.
Home > MRI of joints > MRI of the hip joint
MRI of the hip joint is one of the popular examination methods that allows identifying joint pathology. This method, which appeared back in the 70s of the last century, is characterized by increased accuracy of results. Unlike the first tomographs, modern devices are capable of taking high-resolution images, on the basis of which a three-dimensional model of the examined area can subsequently be built.
Indications
MRI of the hip joint can be prescribed for pathologies such as:
- Femoral neck fracture
- Arthritis and arthrosis,
- Osteonecrosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
- Tumors localized in the hip joint
- Infections and inflammation of the joint,
- Bursitis,
- Paget's disease
- Rupture of the acetabular labrum,
- The need to plan hip surgery.
Contraindications
All contraindications to MRI can be divided into two: large groups– absolute and relative. The following are considered absolute:
- The presence of a pacemaker and an electronic middle ear implant - the magnetic field of the tomograph disables these devices,
- The presence of large metal implants, including joint endoprostheses,
- Presence of implanted pumps,
- Artificial heart valves,
- Surgical staples,
- Any metal elements in the body - bullets, fragments, etc.,
- An installed compression-distraction device that fixes bone fragments,
- The presence of clips on the vessels of the brain (the tomograph can provoke rupture of the clip and, as a result, hemorrhage in the brain).
Relative contraindications include:
- Claustrophobia,
- Heart failure
- Increased anxiety
- Pregnancy (MRI in this case is performed only for health reasons),
- Taking psychotropic drugs,
- Inadequate mental condition patient,
- Extremely serious general condition of the patient,
- The presence of tattoos containing metallic pigments.
Preparation
Immediately before the procedure, the patient should change into comfortable, loose clothing or hospital pajamas. Clothing should not have any metal elements. All jewelry, watches and glasses should also be removed. In no case should you bring credit cards, any electronics, hairpins and pins, metal removable dentures, pocket knives, or pens into the office where the tomograph is installed.
There are no special requirements for food intake, but it is better to come to the procedure on an empty stomach. You must take with you the results of previous examinations, tests, a referral for an MRI and an extract from your medical history.
How do they do it?
The tomograph is a round tunnel into which the couch on which the patient lies is pushed. Most tomographs are closed, but there are also variations with open sides. These devices are safe when examining patients who are claustrophobic or weigh more than 130 kg.
During an MRI of the hip joint, the patient must remain motionless. The whole procedure takes no more than half an hour and does not cause any discomfort. Sometimes patients note a slight feeling of warmth where the tomograph field is working - this is normal.
During the procedure, the doctor controls the operation of the tomograph from an adjacent room, but constantly maintains contact with the patient using a communication system.
Once the procedure is completed, the patient can return home immediately. The examination results are usually issued the next day along with the photographs. At the patient's request (usually for an additional fee), the results can be recorded on disk.
Using Contrast
In some cases, for a more accurate diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe an MRI with contrast. This will make it possible to better visualize blood vessels, foci of inflammation and tumors. A contrast agent (a drug based on iodine or gadolinium) is administered intravenously during the procedure and does not cause any discomfort in the patient. The contrast is excreted from the body in urine within 24 hours. Iodine-based contrast agents can cause an allergic reaction in some cases, so a referral for an MRI with contrast is given only after a thorough identification of the patient's history of allergies.
The administration of a contrast agent is contraindicated if the patient has severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys, since in this case the removal of the contrast will be impaired. MRI with contrast is not recommended for pregnant women.
As a rule, an examination with contrast lasts 1.5-2 times longer and is more expensive.
Advantages of the method
MRI as a diagnostic method has great amount advantages:
- MRI is a non-invasive technique that does not cause discomfort to the patient,
- MRI does not provide negative influence on the patient’s body, since it does not use ionizing radiation,
- MRI has wide diagnostic capabilities,
- The method allows the doctor to obtain an accurate picture of the disease and give a prognosis,
- This method makes it possible to detect anomalies that are not detected using other methods,
- MRI is an optimal alternative to computed angiography for diagnosing vascular problems.
Possible risks
For all its advantages, the method nevertheless has disadvantages. Thus, when using sedation (when examining children or people with strong pain syndrome) there is a risk of overdose. If the patient has implants in the body that he did not inform the doctor about, they may move or fail during the procedure. There is always a risk of developing allergic reaction to a contrast agent. If an MRI is performed on a nursing mother, it is recommended that breastfeeding be avoided for 24-36 hours after the procedure to avoid possible problems The child has.
In addition, some researchers indicate a connection between the procedure with contrast and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, a severe kidney pathology.
Alternatives
MRI – best alternative biopsies, painful procedure, which made it possible to obtain intra-articular contents for analysis. However, MRI is not the only method for diagnosing the condition of the hip joint. Among alternative methods we can distinguish such as CT and MSCT - these techniques are better suited for clarifying the condition of the bone structures of the joint, as well as x-ray examination. The ultrasound technique makes it possible to quickly (albeit rather approximately) assess the condition of the joint as a whole and can be used as a primary one. And PET-CT makes it possible to study the joint from the point of view of its functioning.
Price
The price of an MRI of the hip joint in Moscow varies quite widely, starting from 4,000 rubles. Factors such as the need to administer a contrast agent, examination of one or two joints, choice of clinic, etc. play a role in determining the price. Additional services– recording the results on disk, consultation with a specialist after the procedure, three-dimensional reconstruction of the results. The high cost of the procedure can be considered a disadvantage of the method, but most experts are unanimous in their opinion: the high accuracy of the technique and the absence of its negative impact on the body outweigh this disadvantage.
MRI of joints is the most effective method in modern medical practice for diagnosing diseases and pathologies in orthopedics. The significance of the MRI method in the study of pathologies is very high due to the fact that this method allows you to display a three-dimensional image of the examined area on a computer screen, as well as distinguish the vascular network, nerve trunks and vessels inside the joint area.
The difference between MRI and X-ray is that X-ray examination is not the most effective, since it does not give the desired result, and sometimes it is even prohibited (for example, pregnancy). This is why, in most cases, your treating physicians will likely refer you for an MRI scan to make a correct diagnosis.
Due to the fact that MR imaging provides a means of obtaining clear visualization primarily of soft tissues, this method is more often used to study large joints (shoulder, knee), and soft tissues of the extremities.
The shoulder and knee joints are considered the most difficult to diagnose: they consist of many functional structures.
Magnetic resonance imaging is performed for joints:
- hip joint
- knee-joint
- ankle joint (foot)
- shoulder joint
- elbow joint
- wrist joint (hand)
- temporomandibular joint.
What does MRI of joints show?
As a result of MR imaging, the following pathological changes are revealed:
- traumatic injuries to the ligamentous apparatus of the knee, shoulder, hip, ankle joints, small joints hands and feet
- inflammatory diseases
- damage to the meniscus of the knee joint, cartilaginous labrum shoulder joint etc.
- arthrosis if it is impossible to detect them in X-ray studies.
Damages are considered the more common forms of injury. They make up about seventy percent. Large joints are most susceptible to injury. Therefore, in case of their injuries, it is important to diagnose as accurately as possible the presence of changes in external and internal structures. As a result, MRI of joints is recognized as an almost irreplaceable method.
What is the value of joint MRI? The advantages of MR imaging are indicators such as:
- High degree of information content
- The procedure is not dangerous to humans
- Possibility of differentiation of tissue damage, including oncological processes
- Maximum detail and the ability to measure research objects down to millimeters Possibility of obtaining images in 3D
- Possibility of multiple examinations.
Description of the joint MRI procedure
Knee MRI procedure
The examination is carried out lying down using special diagnostic coils. Each joint has its own coil. The special shape of the coils and their electronic filling allows you to see a detailed and accurate picture.
As a rule, this procedure lasts from twenty to forty minutes. The magnetic field used in MRI is harmless and can be performed several times in a row.
Sometimes contrast is used. Contrast drugs are introduced into the body by injection into a vein. Contrast agents color the study area and provide enhancement in the vessels, nerves, and tissues. For some types of MRI, the use of contrast is not recommended and even prohibited.
Contraindications to MRI of joints
The examination is not carried out if there are metal parts in the human body. They can be attracted to a magnet. These are braces, staples on blood vessels, pacemakers. Metal objects affect the tomograph and can damage it. And the most important thing is that this can negatively affect the patient’s health: under the influence of a magnetic field, metal objects heat up and move, as a result they can cause a burn. Also, under the influence of radio waves, a pacemaker may deteriorate, hearing aid, insulin pump.
MRI is limited for people who are afraid of closed spaces. MRI is not recommended if a person is afraid of closed spaces or suffers from claustrophobia or schizophrenia. The subject simply cannot remain motionless, which is a prerequisite.
Examinations involving the administration of contrast agents are prohibited for pregnant and lactating women. These drugs are toxic and can harm the fetus and infants. It is also contraindicated if patients suffer renal failure: possible appearance side effects and poisoning of the body.
Difference between MRI and other diagnostic methods
The study can be done using other diagnostic methods: ultrasonography(ultrasound), computed tomography (CT) or x-ray. As for ultrasound, MRI is much ahead in terms of information content and quality of the resulting images. ultrasound diagnostics. MRI makes it possible to detect pathologies with great accuracy. In terms of information content, CT and MRI are approximately at the same level. Both methods provide accurate data on the state of the area under study and cross-sectional images. The difference between CT and MRI lies in the principles of the methods’ action on the human body. The operation of CT is based on the use of X-ray radiation. Therefore, repeated use of CT with excess radiation dose can only be prescribed in in case of emergency individually according to strict medical indications, taking into account all research procedures that were applied to the patient. MRI uses a strong magnetic field that is considered safe for humans. In MRI, the patient does not receive radiation and the examination can be done several times at any interval in time. That is why pregnant women can undergo MRI (except for the 1st trimester), and CT is prohibited during the entire pregnancy. Due to the use of a magnetic field, MRI will prohibit the presence of metal objects and implants in the patient’s body.
Ultrasound and x-rays cannot provide information about what is “inside” the joint. These diagnostic methods provide images of individual parts of the skeleton, but what happens inside and in the thickness of the bones remains out of sight for specialists.
MRI value
The MRI scanner provides information about any structural and pathological changes in the surveyed area. The practical significance of MRI lies in the possibility of detecting degenerative changes in the early stages of development chronic arthritis. This diagnostic method is highly informative in the study of damage to the ligamentous apparatus and changes in the cartilaginous covering. Clear MRI images can “show” those fractures that were not detected on x-rays. Tumor formations inside the joint capsule are visible due to the ability of the tomograph to produce layer-by-layer images. MRI is a very popular research method in orthopedics. MRI is indispensable when planning surgical interventions, and is also prescribed after operations for postoperative monitoring of the patient’s condition.
Thanks to the high information content, accuracy and reliability of magnetic resonance imaging, doctors have the opportunity to clarify or make the correct diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.
