What is stomatitis and. Causes of frequent stomatitis in adults

Recurrent stomatitis in both children and adults has an infectious-allergic form of manifestation, with periods of disappearance of symptoms before relapse. Stomatitis is often secondary manifestation a disease occurring latently in the body. Why does the disease appear and how to treat it correctly?

Viral sores on the oral mucosa tend to appear periodically, causing discomfort.

What kind of disease is this?

Recurrent stomatitis is a disease of the oral mucosa when the tissues are affected by inflamed ulcers. Manifests itself in periods, with a temporary exacerbation of symptoms.

Why does it appear?

Most often, recurrent stomatitis occurs due to insufficient hygiene oral cavity However, there are more serious reasons:

• Injuries to mucous tissues that can occur as a result of mechanical damage. This may be solid food, poor-quality prosthetics and other factors. Once you injure the epithelium, the disease can spread. Injuries can be caused as a result of chemical damage, physical damage - consumption of hot foods and drinks, acidic foods, other thermal damage.

• Poor quality nutrition, which is inadequate, causing a lack of vitamins, minerals and trace elements in the body.
• The disease may manifest itself against the background nervous overstrain, stressful situations, disturbances in daily routine and sleep.
• Reduced immunity, which occurs against the background of chronic diseases.
• An allergic reaction to external food, medicinal and other irritants.
• Infectious diseases: ARVI, herpes, fungal infections, venereal disease, bacterial infection in the body (pneumonia, tuberculosis).
• When this type of illness is common in a family, and if at least one of the parents suffers from it, then there is a high probability that the child will also suffer from recurrent stomatitis.
• The appearance of the disease as a result of changes in hormonal levels.
• For organ diseases digestive system(ulcer, chronic gastritis, disturbance of intestinal microflora).
• Diseases endocrine system.
• Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking.

Symptoms

There are general and local symptoms recurrent stomatitis.

1. General symptoms are characterized by the presence of a feeling of weakness, increased body temperature, the patient is irritable, and has no appetite. If a child has a repeated illness, he is constantly whiny, capricious, and refuses to eat and drink.
2. Local symptoms of recurrent stomatitis manifest themselves as follows:

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis

The reason that constantly causes this type of stomatitis is still unknown. Ulcers form on the mouth, causing pain and for a long time don't pass. The disease often recurs, and the state of remission can last from 2 weeks to six months. Doctors suggest that aphthous stomatitis occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to:

Herpes stomatitis manifests itself as a result of previous herpetic infection, which then remains in the body forever and tends to recur.

Features in adults

More often herpes stomatitis arises based on the following factors:

• cooling the body;
• overheat;
• nervous tension, stress, sleep disturbances;
• past infectious diseases;
• decreased level of immunity;
• surgical intervention, which resulted in decreased protective functions body.

The incubation period of the disease lasts 5-10 days. Inflammation occurs on the oral mucosa, which begins to hurt. Next, blisters begin to appear in the inflamed areas, which burst and ulcers appear in their place. Over time, the ulcers become covered with healthy epithelium and disappear. Frequent use depletes the human body and disrupts the functioning of the immune system. Frequent herpes stomatitis occurs light form when relapse occurs no more than once every 12 months. With exacerbation more than 3 times a year, the disease has an average severity. If stomatitis recurs 6 or more times a year, this indicates that the person has a severe form of the disease.

Features in children

More than half of the children who suffered from herpes stomatitis have every chance that the disease will recur. Exacerbation of the disease most often occurs due to untimely treatment, from the immune system

A restless lifestyle in children can cause recurrent stomatitis.

th system, which in childhood not yet formed, and therefore frequent failures in its operation may occur. Symptoms herpetic stomatitis In children of preschool age, the symptoms are similar to those of older people, but in younger patients the disease manifests itself more pronounced and acutely.

If a child has a rash on the oral mucosa, you should immediately show him to the doctor, since in this case it is important not to miss the onset of the disease, since if the disease is advanced, there is a danger of a bacterial infection. Application medicines should only be prescribed by the attending physician, self-medication in in this case inappropriate, since it is necessary to know the root cause of stomatitis, and for different etiologies, specific treatment is needed. Children under 5 years of age require special medications and dosage.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis frequent stomatitis does not pose any difficulties for the dentist, since if there is characteristic symptoms, the disease is easy to identify. However, in some cases, the doctor may refer for additional examination:

• tests for the presence of a specific pathogen, if the doctor doubts the nature of the origin of stomatitis;
• When a bacterial infection occurs, smears are taken from inflamed ulcers to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics and antiseptic drugs.

If you notice slight redness of the oral mucosa that swells and causes a burning sensation, you may have stomatitis. The inflammatory process of the oral mucosa is a protective reaction of the human immune system to the action of irritants. Stomatitis mainly occurs in children, but adults are increasingly affected by this disease. This is due to environmental problems, general decline immunity in people.

Causes of stomatitis

Stomatitis causes a lot of inconvenience. Firstly, it brings a lot of unpleasant and even painful sensations. After all, over time, slight redness of the oral mucosa turns into small oval or round ulcers. These ulcers have a whitish, grayish tint, the skin around them has a reddish tint, and the ulcers themselves are covered with a film. In some cases, the whitish blisters burst, turning into large erosions. Such inflammations in the oral cavity often interfere with speaking, eating, and moving the tongue normally. Therefore, many are interested in the question of how to treat stomatitis, which so greatly interferes with the quality of life. There can be many reasons for the occurrence of stomatitis in the mouth, as well as the types of oral diseases themselves.

Sometimes the cause of stomatitis can be bacteria and viruses. But for their reproduction, additional provoking factors are necessary, so the occurrence of stomatitis solely due to the entry of bacteria into the oral mucosa is quite rare.

And here unbalanced diet quite often can be the cause of stomatitis. If in human body doesn't hit enough folic acid, vitamins B, iron and zinc, the risk of stomatitis increases.

Often stomatitis occurs due to mechanical, thermal or chemical trauma to the oral cavity. Sometimes it is enough to bite your cheek or scratch the delicate skin of the mouth with something sharp (the edge of a crown, a piece of nut, dried fish, a fragment of a tooth, etc.) for stomatitis to appear. But do not be alarmed; damage to the oral mucosa by the above methods does not in itself mean one hundred percent stomatitis. However, if after such an injury to the mucous membrane the wound does not heal for a long time, this is a reason to consult a specialist.

To reduce the risk of stomatitis, you need to adhere to a number of simple rules. You cannot violate the rules of personal hygiene, eat dirty fruits and vegetables, or eat food with unwashed hands. You should not engage in excessive oral hygiene, otherwise the mucous membrane becomes very vulnerable to the penetration of bacteria, acids and various irritants. Smoking and frequent drinking of alcohol also contribute to the development of oral stomatitis.

Inflammation of the oral mucosa is often associated with a number of diseases. Sometimes stomatitis is characteristic symptom serious illnesses, up to HIV. Therefore, in case of repeated relapses of stomatitis, it is imperative to consult a specialist to determine the causes of inflammation in the oral cavity.

Types of stomatitis

Stomatitis is divided into:

• Bacterial. It is caused by streptococcus and staphylococcus bacteria. This type of disease is manifested by the appearance of pustular ulcers, which turn into erosion.
• Viral or herpetic stomatitis. It is characterized by vesicular rashes with transparent contents, which subsequently also turn into erosion.
• Fungal. Occurs when immunity decreases after long treatment antibiotics. Appears as a white coating on the tongue and in the mouth, bad taste in the mouth, a burning sensation. This type of stomatitis is contagious and can be transmitted through household or sexual contact.
• Chemical. Appears due to burns with alkali or acid. It is characterized by the appearance of ulcers, which, when scarred, change the oral mucosa.

Symptoms of stomatitis

More often in adults, stomatitis does not occur in an acute form, without symptoms of intoxication of the body. First, a slight redness appears on the oral mucosa. Then the area around it swells, swells, and a burning sensation appears. Next, an ulcer appears at the site of inflammation, covered with a thin white film.

This ulcer causes pain, which causes severe discomfort. Salivation increases, bad smell from mouth. Stomatitis mainly appears on the lips (inner side), cheeks, palate, and sometimes on the tongue.

How to treat stomatitis in the mouth

How to treat stomatitis in the mouth - frequently asked question, asked by patients who do not intend to visit a specialist. We remind you that if stomatitis occurs regularly, a visit to the doctor should not be postponed; it is necessary to establish the causes of inflammation of the oral cavity. Only with mild stomatitis can you try to cure it yourself.

In many ways, the treatment of stomatitis in the mouth depends on the nature and causes of the disease. In the event of a single occurrence of stomatitis, it is necessary to rinse your mouth antiseptics, sometimes use painkillers. In addition, you need to exclude spicy, hard, and too salty foods.

Treatment of regularly occurring stomatitis should be carried out under the guidance of a specialist and include a whole range of measures. Otherwise, stomatitis may chronic disease. Drug treatment most often it is necessary to treat stomatitis, but do not forget about.

Drugs for the treatment of oral stomatitis

Painkillers

If stomatitis causes severe painful sensations, painkillers are prescribed local application. This can be Anestezin (tablets are used to make powder for powders), Hexoral tabs (dissolved), Ledocaine Asept (used topically for erosive inflammations), Lidochlor.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

It is necessary to use antiseptic mouth rinses, ointments, sprays, lozenges, and antimicrobial lozenges.

Sprays: Ingalipt, Hexoral, Lugol, Vinilin. Drugs with both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects: Cholisal, Kamistad, Stomatidin.

Antifungal drugs

For some types of oral stomatitis, antiviral and antifungal antihistamines are used.

Antifungal (if fungal stomatitis): nystatin ointment, Levorin, Mycozon.

Antiviral (for viral inflammation): Acyclovir, Zovirax, Viru-Merz Serol, interferon, oxolinic ointments.

Antihistamines (for allergic and other stomatitis): Tavegil, Fenistil, Loratodine.

To speed up the healing of the mucous membrane

Solcoseryl is a drug that improves tissue regeneration in case of stomatitis, Karotolin is an antioxidant agent, Vinilin cleanses wounds, accelerates the healing of damage to the mucous membrane, and has an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. Propolis spray is also used, which has a positive effect on skin damage, herpes, and the appearance of ulcers.

Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity, inflammation of the mucous membrane on the inner surface of the cheeks, gums, and tongue. The disease is accompanied by the formation of wounds and ulcers. The disease is infectious, so the symptoms of inflammation do not go away on their own. Treatment is needed.

It may be an advanced form of catarrhal disease or an independent disease. That is, the symptoms of the disease can immediately appear in the form of ulcers, without continuous white plaque. If at catarrhal form only the upper layer of the mucosa is affected, then when ulcerative form the mucous membrane becomes inflamed to its full depth. The temperature often rises and the lymph nodes become enlarged. The cause of ulcerative stomatitis may be peptic ulcer stomach, various poisonings (food, household).

Is a manifestation viral infection, allergic reaction. This is the most complex manifestation of the disease. Aphthous stomatitis in adults it is provoked internal diseases body and often acquires chronic form. Symptoms of aphthous inflammation of the mucous membrane: large ulcers up to 5 mm in size, covered with a gray or white coating. Photos of aphthous and ulcerative diseases of the oral cavity allow you to visually distinguish the two types of infection.

These two photos are aphthous types diseases.

One of the forms of aphthous is herpes stomatitis. The ulcers take on the appearance of bubbles (as seen in the photo). The appearance of bubbles on the palate and tongue occurs in a group, later they merge and form a painful erosive area.

And this is herpes stomatitis.

How to treat stomatitis in adults?

To treat stomatitis, the following drugs are needed:

• for disinfection of the oral cavity (to eliminate pathogens);
• for healing existing wounds;
• to restore normal acidity and microflora of the mucous membrane.

Rinsing is a common type of treatment catarrhal disease oral cavity. Catarrhal stomatitis in adults is easily treated by increasing the level of hygiene and irrigation with disinfecting solutions. To do this, use potassium permanganate, herbal infusions antiseptic action (calendula, chamomile, sage), as well as antiseptic sprays with an anesthetic (pain-relieving) effect.

Soda is used as a rinse (a solution of 1 tablespoon of soda in 100 ml) or as a lubricant (a more concentrated solution, 1 spoon per 50 ml). Pharmaceutical preparations for rinsing include hydrogen peroxide (a solution of 1 tablespoon of peroxide per 100 ml of water), as well as chlorhexidine, furatsilin, miramistin, iodinol.

To boost immunity, drink rosehip infusion, which provides the body with essential vitamins.

At ulcerative stomatitis Treatment of wounds is supplemented with local lubrication. For this purpose, ready-made pharmaceutical drugs(ordinary green, blue or blue iodine, Lugol, stomatidine, kamistad, cholisal). They are applied to the surface of the ulcers with a finger or swab up to 5 times a day. Folk remedies for treating oral infections use a solution of alcoholic propolis for rinsing (1:10 water) and for lubricating (1 part propolis: 5 parts water).

To accelerate the healing of the epithelium, wound healing agents are used ( sea ​​buckthorn oil, oil solution vitamin A – carotoline).

The most difficult to treat with folk remedies is candidiasis and herpes stomatitis. To eliminate viral (herpes virus) and bacterial infections (candida fungus), antiviral and antifungal ointments (interferon, oxolinic or nystatin ointment) are used.

Allergic stomatitis is treated using antihistamines(laratadine, suprastin) and removing the source of the allergy.

Also, when treating stomatitis, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended (to remove toxins and reduce intoxication of the oral mucosa). Drinking plenty of fluids creates conditions for normal saliva production. The disinfecting properties of salivary secretion will additionally counteract the spread of infection.

Prevention of stomatitis

Stomatitis in adults is considered a recurrent disease, that is, it is prone to return and relapse. In order to prevent a recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to adhere to the rules of prevention:

• wash your hands before eating;
• remove tartar and plaque in a timely manner;
• treat caries promptly;
• treat the gastrointestinal tract in a timely manner;
• provide for yourself and your loved ones healthy eating, with a balanced combination of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements;
• choose correctly toothpaste and mouth rinse.

Stomatitis is not a terrible, but very unpleasant disease of the oral cavity. Its occurrence can be effectively prevented. A timely treatment helps to quickly relieve yourself of painful symptoms.

Stomatitis is inflammatory disease oral mucosa.

In most cases, damage occurs only upper layers, however, in advanced cases or with complications, the deep layers of the mucosa may also be affected.

The disease manifests itself in the form of oral ulcers, which are painful.

Currently, doctors have not yet fully studied the disease and do not know what causes stomatitis in the mouth. They suggest that it may develop for the following reasons.

Excessive oral cleansing

Hygienic procedures for cleaning the oral cavity are mandatory and are carried out daily.

Most products (pastes, powders, rinses) for oral hygiene are safe to use, but those that contain sodium lauryl sulfate are dangerous.

It is added for: dehydration of the oral cavity, the formation of abundant foam and fresh breath. However, this substance can be harmful.

When using such toothpastes, the mucous membrane, due to insufficient moisture, becomes unprotected against pathogenic bacteria and some food-grade acids. This causes an inflammatory process and stomatitis begins.

Important: Try to use toothpastes and powders without sodium lauryl sulfate in the composition.

Mechanical damage to the mucosa

Often the disease manifests itself with mechanical damage to the mucous membrane. This occurs due to injury to the upper layers, which then become inflamed.

Hot drinks can damage the mucous membrane, resulting in stomatitis in the mouth.

Damage can be caused by a broken tooth, overly spicy food or dry food. Minor scratches and wounds heal quickly and usually without consequences, but serious damage requires special care.

Important: To avoid injury due to a chipped tooth or improperly installed dentures, you should contact your dentist to have the defect corrected.

Poor nutrition

Stomatitis can be caused by poor nutrition.

When the body does not receive some useful material, then a failure occurs and because of this skin and mucous membranes may become thinner.

To prevent stomatitis, it is necessary to consume foods rich in B vitamins, zinc, folic acid, iron and selenium.

Important: It is necessary to eat well and, if necessary, take vitamin complexes.

Food allergic reaction and hypersensitivity

Sometimes the cause of stomatitis is an allergic reaction or increased sensitivity of the oral mucosa.

Allergies can be triggered by certain foods, such as honey or citrus fruits. Doctors identify foods that in most cases can cause the disease.

Allergenic products that often cause stomatitis in the mouth:

• cereals (wheat, rye, barley, oatmeal);
• fruits (tangerines, tomatoes, apples);
• fermented milk products (cheeses, milk, kefir);
• seasonings (soy sauces, mustard, vinegar).

Some people may get sick from eating nuts or chocolate.

Important: If there is a tendency to develop allergies, it is necessary to calculate the allergen using special analyzes and try not to eat it.

Emotions

Stomatitis can be triggered by emotional fluctuations.

Doctors include depression, stress, suppression of emotions for a long time, anxiety, etc., as conditions that provoke stomatitis.

Doctors consider this manifestation of the disease to be allergic due to the characteristic rashes and formation of red spots.

The severity of the disease depends only on the strength of the person’s immune system.

To avoid this form, you should take it seriously mental health and, if necessary, contact specialists for help.

Important: It is necessary to control emotions and try to avoid stressful situations and depression.

Fluctuations in hormonal levels

When the hormonal balance in the body changes, which occurs in women before menstruation or during menopause, stomatitis can develop.

Pregnant women are also susceptible to this disease.

Due to incorrect levels of hormones, malfunctions occur in the functioning of some organs and functions (including protective ones), so during such periods stomatitis can appear frequently and cause a lot of discomfort.

Important: You should monitor your hormonal levels and adjust them if necessary.

Genetic predisposition

Stomatitis can develop due to a genetic factor. If parents are prone to stomatitis, the risk of developing the disease in children increases. In this case, the reasons could be: allergic reactions, and others.

Poor hygiene

Bad teeth, unwashed fruits or vegetables and eating with unwashed hands.

These reasons can trigger the development of the disease.

Most often, for these reasons, the disease develops in children, less often in adults.

When pathogenic microorganisms enter the oral cavity, they penetrate the mucous membrane and provoke inflammatory processes. Because of this, formation occurs on the tongue and cheeks.

Important: Before eating food, it must be thoroughly washed and hygienic procedures carried out.

Poorly fitted dentures

If stomatitis appears after treatment of a tooth, then most likely the procedure was not carried out properly. If the installation of dentures is incorrect, they can systematically injure the mucous membrane, gums or tongue, thereby forming non-healing wounds. Because of this, inflammation may develop.

Other reasons

In addition to the most common reasons why stomatitis appears in the mouth in adults and children, more rare ones may also occur:

1. Medications, including diuretics, that help reduce salivation. For this reason, the oral cavity is not able to resist the effects of bacteria;
2. Dehydration due to poisoning and hot weather can lead to inflammation;
3. Neoplasms malignant form formed in the nasopharynx or neck. They weaken the immune system and cause malfunctions of some organs or systems;
4. Therapy (radiation, chemotherapy) used for treatment malignant tumors, greatly weakens the immune system;
5. Diabetes may provoke;
6. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) such as gastritis, infestations by helminthic or other organisms, as well as colitis. They contribute to the development of stomatitis;
7. HIV weakens the immune system and can cause disease;

Important: To prevent and timely detect the disease, you need to regularly visit the dentist.

Stomatitis in a child: what causes it

often develops due to non-compliance hygiene procedures baby's personal items.

To avoid this, it is necessary to thoroughly wash and boil pacifiers, bottles, pacifiers and plastic toys.

As many mothers know, children study the world through the mouth.

They often gnaw and bite objects that are not intended for this purpose. For this reason, bacteria and dirt enter their oral cavity, which can cause stomatitis.

Stomatitis can be easily treated at home. List of pharmacies and folk remedies, as well as recommendations for their use, can be found.

Perhaps the most popular and at the same time simplest way to get rid of sores in the mouth is to carry out. Another advantage of this method is that herbal decoctions for rinsing the mouth strengthen the gums.

Useful video

Why stomatitis often appears, symptoms of the disease and treatment with folk remedies. Let's look:

Stomatitis develops for many reasons. The disease causes a lot of discomfort and painful sensations. It is best to try to avoid its occurrence than to treat it.

Why does frequent stomatitis appear - reasons

5 (100%) 2 votes

For most people, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, in particular stomatitis, occur at most 1-2 times in their lives. But there is a category of patients who face persistent stomatitis. This happens when he goes from acute form into chronic. The disease lasts a long time and is quite difficult to get rid of.

In most cases full recovery and it doesn't happen. The disease just lasts for some time hidden form, and when favorable conditions occur, it becomes more active or worsens. In this case, the patient experiences multiple relapses over short (less often long) periods of time - this condition can be characterized as frequent stomatitis. In order to get rid of the disease completely or at least temporarily long term

, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the causes of its occurrence.

What is the role of immunity in the fact that a person constantly develops this disease? You could say it's fundamental. Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, fungi and viruses are present in the oral cavity all the time. However, their activity and reproduction are under the control of the human immune system.

It is the immune system that maintains the number of pathogens within the normal range. But if the body’s defenses weaken for some reason, the population of pathogenic microorganisms begins to grow uncontrollably, and various diseases oral cavity.

The chronic form in adults appears quite often against the background of reduced immunity. However, in the vast majority of cases it develops due to weak immunity. Why is this particular age category more susceptible to the onset of the disease? Because in childhood there are many critical stages in the formation and development of the immune system:

1. In, especially premature or weak, the immune system vulnerable because it is underdeveloped. Moreover, immediately after birth, the child’s body simultaneously and suddenly encounters a large number of antigens. The state of weakened immune system can last up to 6-7 months, and all this time the child may be bothered by recurrent stomatitis.
2. The end of the 1st and the entire 2nd year of a child’s life, 4th and 6th years are also critical periods for immunity. At this time, the child’s contacts with the outside world become more frequent. The boundaries are also expanding external environment, with which the baby is in contact.
3. Adolescence (girls 12-13 years old, boys 14-16) – the disease occurs due to hormonal changes in the body, which helps suppress the cellular component of immunity.

As you can see, favorable conditions for the occurrence of chronic stomatitis exist in children until the end of puberty, as well as in adults whose immune system is weakened for some reason.

What diseases cause permanent stomatitis?

Often the reasons lie in diseases of other organs and systems. Eg, chronic diseases organs of the digestive system, in particular gastrointestinal tract, quite often accompanied pathological changes tissues of the oral cavity. The reason for this is the anatomical, morphological and functional connection of the mucous membrane of the mouth and esophagus, as well as the entire digestive tract. After all, the mouth is the initial section of the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastric secretion is directly related to the secretion salivary glands. Exacerbations of diseases of the digestive system directly affect the ability of the oral mucosa to react, including preventive. A decrease in the body’s reactivity due to organic or functional disorders– this is a favorable condition for the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Diseases in which permanent stomatitis constantly appears:

• chronic gastritis;
• stomach ulcer;
• duodenal ulcer;
• chronic colitis or enterocolitis;
• violation of the acid-forming function of the stomach;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• cholecystitis;
• pancreatitis;
• helminthiasis

Video:

The degree of severity, severity, and frequency of occurrence of recurrent stomatitis directly depends on the form, severity and duration of the underlying disease. Additional important factor, which contributes to the occurrence of damage to the oral mucosa against the background of gastrointestinal diseases is. Deficiency of B vitamins is of particular importance.

Frequent stomatitis can occur not only due to gastrointestinal diseases, but also after malfunctions of the endocrine system. Diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, menopausal disorders - in these conditions, the body's reactivity also changes, and sensitization to allergens increases.

Any fungal, viral or bacterial infections, which are present in the body, can also become a source of infection of the oral mucosa. Including those that are in a latent state after any previous and insufficiently treated infectious disease. In this case, pathogens can migrate through the bloodstream from one area and organ of the body to another. Or self-infection (autoinfection) occurs through contact, for example, with the skin of the hands and mucous membranes of the mouth.

And if the patient has a history of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx or other ENT organs, then the likelihood of developing permanent stomatitis increases significantly, since pathogenic microorganisms are in close proximity to the oral mucosa.

Another one possible reason permanent stomatitis - multiple caries of enamel, but more often dentin, disease. As well as non-compliance with oral hygiene rules. For example, if you don't brush your teeth.

The causative agents of the disease are pathogenic bacteria that provoke the appearance of caries, and which “live” and multiply in carious cavities and dental plaque. In this case, the patient has constant and uninterrupted infectious process, in which the mucous membrane is damaged and does not have the ability to self-regenerate.

Causes of frequent stomatitis

Permanent stomatitis in a child, as well as in an adult, can be the result of regular mechanical damage to the oral mucosa:

1. When wearing braces. In most cases, the constant bothers those people who have classic metal self-ligating and ligature systems installed. Can become covered with ulcers internal sides lips, cheeks, and tongue. Especially in the case when wearing braces is combined with poor hygiene oral cavity.
2. Regularly holding sharp and/or traumatic objects in the mouth. For example, some people have the habit of frequently chewing on a toothpick, match or paper clip. And builders often hold nails with their teeth, which can also be very dirty.
3. When wearing poorly fitting dentures. In this situation, the gum tissue is most exposed to traumatic effects.
4. With others dental problems, for example, when the mucous membrane is damaged by mineralized dental plaque (tartar) or a chipped tooth crown.

An illness in a child may result from the fact that he constantly puts dirty hands or foreign objects into his mouth, which can be a source of pathogenic microorganisms.

We can list several more reasons that can become trigger factors for the development of chronic stomatitis:

• smoking;
• frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• drinking carbonated drinks, especially cold ones;
• the habit of eating seeds, especially if the process of peeling the seeds from the shell occurs through the teeth and not the hands.
• regular or one-time chemical, thermal damage can become etiological factor development;
• constant stress, depressive state, poor nutrition, insomnia, chronic fatigue– all this contributes to a decrease in immunity and weakening of the body as a whole.

It is worth noting that not only physiology, but also psychosomatics quite often forms the etiological mechanism for the occurrence of pathology. If we consider stomatitis as psychosomatic illness, then the cause of ulcers may be a resentment that eats away at a person. Moreover, there is resentment both at oneself and at another. Mouth ulcers are hurtful words that are not spoken. In this case, the mechanism of development of chronic stomatitis can either be strengthened by a peculiar mental state

human, or completely generated by mental disorders.

In allergic stomatitis, the appearance of ulcers in the mouth is associated with the development of immunopathological reactions. Such reactions occur with microbial, contact or drug allergies. Moreover, an allergy can occur either through direct contact of the allergen with the oral cavity, or when the allergen enters the body through other routes.

In the first case, frequent stomatitis will be a manifestation of a local reaction to irritating factors that have direct contact with the oral mucosa (food, mouth rinses, denture material, medications in tablet form that need to be dissolved, etc.). In the second case, stomatitis is one of the manifestations of a systemic reaction to an allergen.

In most cases, allergic stomatitis is a symptom hypersensitivity to materials and preparations used in dentistry:

1. Preparations for topical anesthesia.
2. Metal fillings, inlays and crowns - allergy to alloys.
3. Material of braces, orthodontic plates, dentures (metal, acrylic).

Development allergic stomatitis The patient's history of other allergic pathologies contributes significantly. It can be bronchial asthma, eczema, urticaria and atopic dermatitis, rhinitis.

In some cases, chronic stomatitis does not occur in isolation, but is part of the structure of systemic pathologies:

• vasculitis;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• scleroderma;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome, etc.

Treatment of frequent stomatitis should be both etiotropic and symptomatic. First you need to eliminate the underlying disease or at least put it into remission. Or eliminate the unfavorable factors that contributed to the occurrence of oral disease. Without this, therapy will simply be ineffective. At the same time, measures can be taken to alleviate the patient’s condition and relieve pain.