Clinic of inflammation of the appendages. Inflammation of the appendages: causes, diagnosis, treatment

What should be done to avoid inflammation of the appendages? Igor Yuryevich SMIRNOV, an obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest category at City Hospital No. 8 in St. Petersburg, answers readers’ questions.

What should be done to avoid inflammation of the appendages? Igor Yuryevich SMIRNOV, an obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest category at City Hospital No. 8 in St. Petersburg, answers readers’ questions.

“The doctor said that I have inflammation of the appendages. Why did it occur, since I was not hypothermic?” Oksana Nikitina, Minsk

- Normally, the appendages - fallopian tubes and ovaries - are in sterile conditions. But under certain conditions, ubiquitous microbes get there and cause inflammation. These could be the most ordinary bacteria, which always strive to expand their habitat. In a healthy state, the body resists such penetration. If it is weakened, it may not withstand the attack, and inflammation occurs.

Another cause may be sexually transmitted pathogens. If they enter the body, they strive with all their might to get further - into the fallopian tubes. There is a more suitable environment for them.

These bacteria are armed with a sufficient arsenal of means to resist the immune system. Therefore, if chlamydia, gonococci, mycoplasma, trichomonas are detected, then treatment is required. Therefore, hypothermia is only one of the causes of inflammation.

“I was scared that inflammation of the appendages can lead to infertility if it is not treated. Is this true?’Maria Rusina, Novosibirsk

— As a result of inflammation, obstacles arise at many stages of conceiving a child. This form of infertility is difficult to treat. It is especially dangerous if the process lasts a long time. Work is disrupted fallopian tubes and ovaries. And acute inflammation almost always leads to this if left untreated. Therefore, when the first signs appear, you cannot expect that everything will go away by itself.

Inflammation of the appendages can be unilateral or bilateral, limited to one tube or one ovary. But this is the limit. As the inflammatory process spreads, it involves other organs. Unfortunately, very often it occurs without characteristic symptoms or is so mildly expressed that it does not bother the woman.

“I read that inflammation of the appendages cannot be cured, and it will definitely become chronic. Is this true?” Irina Simacheva, Murmansk

- This is not the case if treatment is started on time. After special analyzes, immediately begin antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy. Antibiotics are prescribed wide range actions and means to enhance immunity.

Modern methods are not limited to conservative therapy. In particular difficult cases resort to surgery. But the doctor recommends hospitalization only when necessary. In any case, you need to complete the assigned course to the end. And then chronic inflammation you are not in danger.

“The doctor says that inflammation of the appendages occurred due to bad tonsils. How are these diseases interconnected?” Alina Soboleva, St. Petersburg

— Recent studies have shown that chronic inflammation of the tonsils - tonsillitis - negatively affects the functioning of the ovaries. The resulting hormonal deficiency has a bad effect on the condition. female organs. And violates defense mechanism self-cleaning of the vagina. From here there is a direct path to the penetration of infection to the “upper floors” of the reproductive system, that is, to the appendages.

Therefore, it is very important not to allow chronic infection. Regular, once every six months, visits to the dentist and periodic examinations by an otolaryngologist will help get rid of this risk factor.

“I suffer from chronic inflammation of the appendages. Can I somehow insure my daughter against this?’ Elena Petrova, Volkhov

— You must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene. In addition to changing your underwear daily, you must take a hygienic shower twice a day. Soap also requires proper handling. Under no circumstances should you allow water procedures soap suds got into the vagina. By “washing out” normal microorganisms from it, it is easy to provoke inflammation. By the way, any amateur douching, not approved by a doctor, can lead to the same result.

Hygiene procedures during menstruation require special attention. You need to change pads at least every two hours, and take a hygienic shower 3-4 times. Such precautions are not unreasonable. The fact is that during menstruation, the inner surface of the uterus is a continuous wound surface, extremely vulnerable to infection. And blood is an ideal breeding ground for the proliferation of microbes.

For the same reasons, during critical days You cannot take a bath, visit the pool, or swim in the sea. They should be replaced by a daily shower. During this period, sexual contacts are also prohibited.

"The doctors diagnose me with chronic adnexitis. Once a year I have exacerbations. I just suffered from severe pneumonia, during which I was injected with very strong antibiotics. I am afraid that after such a blow to the body I will have an exacerbation of a long-standing illness. How to organize it correctly your regime to avoid this? "Maria Pisareva, Nizhny Novgorod

— After illness and taking antibiotics, the body’s defenses are usually suppressed. At this time, it is very important to properly organize the recovery period.

First of all, you should pay attention to nutrition. The diet must be enriched with vegetables and fruits. In addition, it is useful to replace coffee and black tea with green tea. If possible, you should stop smoking and staying in smoky rooms, and avoid drinking alcohol.

Physical activity is very useful. If you've never played sports, don't torture yourself. Start with daily morning exercises and walks in the fresh air. Consult a doctor physical therapy. He will help you make up individual plan classes.

“I’m 25 years old, but as soon as the cold weather sets in, my mother literally doesn’t let me leave the house until I put on warm tights. A year ago I had inflammation of the appendages, and now she says that if I don’t dress very warmly, the disease will reoccur, and I won’t be able to have children. Is this true? "Anna Svetlova, Vologda

— Inflammation of the appendages really “loves” to turn into chronic form, and one of the complications may be infertility caused by the formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes.

Hypothermia is a common cause of inflammation of the appendages. Therefore, clothing must be appropriate for the season. But at the same time, do not be too warm, since overheating can also cause a cold. And, consequently, the return of the inflammatory process.

You especially need to make sure that your legs and buttocks area do not get wet or freeze. Reliable shoes with thick soles and insulated tights will help protect against “ladies’” hypothermia.

In addition, you need to remember that even in the warm season, you should never sit on damp ground or stones. And after swimming in a pond or pool, you should immediately change into a dry swimsuit.

“Several years ago I had severe inflammation of the appendages. I was in the hospital for two weeks. Now the appendages make themselves felt from time to time, but I am treated with folk remedies. My doctor insists on serious treatment. Why? After all, I feel quite good.” Natalya Kurochkina, Kamnevo village Leningrad region

— When inflammation “smolders” in the fallopian tubes and ovaries, over time it is possible to develop severe complications. Most of them are based on adhesions. As the number and size of adhesions grow, the woman may gradually begin to experience pain. At the same time, the adhesions “glue” the fallopian tubes together. They lose patency and mobility. In addition, they disrupt the structure of ovarian tissue. Sometimes chronic inflammation of the appendages, occurring even with minimal symptoms, can lead to peritonitis if left untreated. This occurs when the inflammatory process, in addition to the appendages, involves the peritoneum.

If you periodically experience an exacerbation, it means that there is an infection in your body. In such cases, provocations are carried out so that the maximum number of microbes comes out of their hiding places. After this, treatment is prescribed.

None folk remedy will not be able to completely rid you of the disease. ethnoscience good only in combination with the main treatment.

Marina BONDARENKO

The pathology is more typical for young women of reproductive age. Often the disease develops with the onset of sexual activity.

Causes of inflammation of the appendages

The causes of inflammation of the appendages lie in the infection of female genitals against the background of reduced immune status. At the first stage, the vagina becomes infected, then the cervix is ​​colonized by pathogenic microflora. At the second stage, the infection spreads along the ascending path to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

With absence timely treatment, complications of inflammation of the appendages arise in the form of further spread of infection to the pelvic organs. This happens very quickly, which is due to the tight fit of the female pelvic organs to each other.

To others the most important factor rapid spread pathogenic microflora is a change in the properties of mucus in the cervix (cervical mucus). Cervical mucus changes during menstruation, ovulation, hormonal disorders. The very change in mucus characteristics can affect the fact that opportunistic vaginal microflora becomes pathogenic. The reason for this may also be taking antibacterial drugs that were chosen incorrectly. Therefore, self-medication for any inflammation is excluded.

Most rapid spread infectious pathogens occurs during menstruation, when the cervical canal and microflora freely penetrates the pelvic organs. Intimate contacts accelerate the spread of harmful microflora.

Inflammation of the appendages is a rare event during pregnancy. This is explained by the fact that the cervical mucus in a pregnant woman becomes thick and is a reliable protective barrier against pathogens.

In addition to the ascending route of infection, infection can occur through the lymphogenous route, when pathogens travel through the lymph from other inflamed nearby organs to the genitals. With the hematogenous route of infection, the infectious agent penetrates with the blood into the appendages from the source of inflammation of any location. Even untreated caries or tonsillitis can cause hematogenous infection of the appendages.

Pathology develops under the influence of unfavorable factors:

• Chronic inflammatory foci in the body (carious process, tuberculosis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, frequent colds).
• Sexually transmitted diseases are a common cause of salpingoophoritis.
• Untreated inflammatory processes in the genitourinary area.
• Chronic stress, which weakens the immune system, as well as acute stress, which leads to inflammation against the background of another provoking factor, such as hypothermia.
• Abortion or other surgical interventions on the pelvic organs.
• An intrauterine contraceptive, especially if it is installed unsuccessfully.
• Physical overload, fatigue.
• A sedentary, sedentary lifestyle contributes to the appearance of stagnation in the pelvic organs.
• Poor personal hygiene, constant wearing of tight, compressive underwear, synthetic underwear that does not allow air to pass through.
• Illegible intimacy, unprotected sex, sexual intercourse during menstruation.

Chronic inflammation of the appendages develops with a constantly recurring acute process or in the absence of timely treatment of acute salpingoophoritis.

Whatever the causes of inflammation of the appendages, the pathological process always develops against the background of weak immunity.

The most common causative agents of salpingoophoritis are chlamydia, gonococci, staphylococci, and streptococci. In rare cases - coli, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, herpes, cytomegalovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, fungus. Very rarely, inflammation of the genital organs can be caused by Koch's bacillus (tuberculosis bacillus), diphtheria bacillus. There are many more bacteria and viruses that can infect the genital tract and pelvic organs. That is why the diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages includes identifying the type of pathogen that caused the infection; without this, it is impossible to select an effective treatment.

Signs and symptoms of inflammation of the appendages

Depending on the location, inflammation develops on one side - left-sided, right-sided, or on both sides (bilateral). But more often the tubes and ovaries are affected on both sides. Even with a bilateral process, symptoms are more pronounced on one side. With the flow pathological process inflammation can be acute, subacute, chronic.

Symptoms of inflammation of the appendages vary depending on the course of the process.

The acute phase is characterized by pronounced symptoms:

• Febrile temperature.
• Severe pain in the lower abdomen, more on the affected side.
• Nagging pain in the lower back.
• Headache, weakness, sweating, palpitations and other signs of intoxication.
• Serous discharge, and when the process is advanced - purulent discharge.
• Intense itching in the vaginal area, burning, unpleasant odor.
• During pregnancy - infection of the fetus, miscarriage, premature birth.

At chronic course process, the clinical picture is poorly expressed, but certain symptoms of inflammation of the appendages are constantly present:

• Pain in the lower back and lower abdomen, worsening with exacerbation, hypothermia, sexual contact.
• Periodic discharge, sometimes heavy.
• Disorder menstrual cycle.
• Pain during intimacy.

A long process leads to indigestion, defecation disorders (constipation or diarrhea), loss of appetite, nausea, urination problems, muscle and joint pain, and tachycardia. Suffering nervous system, irritability or apathy appears. Quality deteriorates sex life, libido decreases.

In a certain number of patients, salpingoophoritis is asymptomatic, which represents great danger. If a woman does not go for medical examinations, then they are already detected Negative consequences inflammation of the appendages. This happens especially often when a woman consults a doctor about the impossibility of conceiving. In many cases, treatment no longer helps due to late treatment and in order to become a mother one can only hope for IVF.

Chronic inflammatory process in the tubes and ovaries is dangerous due to damage to the epithelium. As a result, the following complications of inflammation of the appendages develop:

• Formation of adhesions in the fallopian tubes.
• Obstruction of the fallopian tubes.
• Hydro and pyosalpinx, filling the tube with serous or purulent contents.
• Infertility.
• Cycle disruption.
• Uterine bleeding.
• Ectopic pregnancy occurs in 15–50% of women with salpingoophoritis.
• Chronic pelvic pain.
• Ovarian dysfunction leading to hormonal imbalance.
• Tuboovarian formation (adhesions of tubes, ovaries with nearby tissues and organs). This complication It is dangerous due to the formation and accumulation of pus between the adhesions, which without timely help can result in an abscess, peritonitis, and intestinal obstruction.

Tuboovarian formation is a fairly common complication of salpingoophoritis, so manifestations of inflammation cannot be ignored.

Unfortunately, the diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages is often the reason for the impossibility of natural conception. In this case, only artificial insemination will help a woman who wants to have children. The specialists of the AltraVita clinic are fluent in all modern methods of assisted reproductive technologies.

In the first place in terms of caring for her health and the health of her family, every woman should have the prevention of inflammation of the appendages. AltraVita gynecologists will suggest effective preventive measures. If the patient does not receive timely, competent medical care, complications develop in 60–80% of cases.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages

Diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages is based on laboratory, instrumental, and visual examinations. First of all, the gynecologist conducts an examination, clarification of complaints and medical history. The doctor finds out how many pregnancies and births the woman had, how they went, whether there were abortions, miscarriages, diagnostic curettages, and other surgical interventions. After this, diagnostic methods are determined.

Diagnostic options for inflammation of the appendages:

1. General blood tests, blood count, which in case of inflammation will show leukocytosis and increased ROE.
2. Biochemistry of blood.
3. A general urine test will show the presence of protein and leukocytes.
4. Examination on a chair using a gynecological speculum and hands. Using a bimanual examination, the doctor assesses the sensitivity of the appendages, determines the shape of the uterus, ovaries, tubes, their mobility, volume, and degree of pain.
5. Pregnancy test.
6. Bacterial culture from the vagina to determine the type of pathogenic microflora.
7. Culture for microscopic examination.
8. An antibioticogram is necessary to select the most effective antibiotic.
9. Ultrasound scanning of the pelvic organs. A valuable informative diagnosis is transvaginal ultrasound, which can be used to assess the condition of organs, identify cystic changes, tumors, and fluid accumulation.

If necessary, appointed additional methods diagnostics to clarify the diagnosis: PCR, colposcopy, diagnostic laparoscopy, hysterosalpingography (contrast X-ray examination of the appendages to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes and determine changes in them). The diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages is subject to differentiation; MRI or MRI is prescribed to clarify the diagnosis. CT scan with contrast.

During the diagnostic process, a diagnosis of oligomenorrhea can be made, which is recorded in 3% of patients with salpingoophoritis. With oligomenorrhea, periods appear at forty-day intervals and last only two days.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages should begin immediately when the disease is detected, otherwise serious complications are possible. The basis of treatment is antibiotic therapy. The antibacterial drug, dosage, and timing of use are prescribed strictly individually. If the patient takes antibiotics on her own, without a doctor’s prescription, and even in the wrong dosage, or antibiotic therapy for another inflammation is carried out, then the bacteria may become insensitive to antibacterial agents.

Antibiotic therapy will be effective with the correct selection of the drug, dose and timing of treatment, as well as if immunostimulating agents are used in combination and local treatment inflammation of the appendages. In this case, the permeability of tissue barriers increases and a dose of antibiotic sufficient to destroy the pathogen is concentrated at the site of inflammation. If systemic isolated antibiotic therapy is carried out, it will be successful only in 37% of cases. That is why, in the treatment of salpingoophoritis and to prevent complications, a comprehensive individual approach.

If the patient’s condition is severe, it is impossible to test for sensitivity to antibiotics, or there is no time to wait for the test result, then broad-spectrum drugs are used (empirical antibiotic therapy). Carrying out such treatment requires very high qualifications from the doctor, since the drug is not chosen “at random”, but is selected according to certain criteria that can only be assessed experienced doctor. If after 72 hours there is no improvement, then the drug or combination thereof is changed or another one is selected. therapeutic tactics. The longer the delay in applying for medical care, the more difficult and longer the treatment process will be.

Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, but in case of purulent adnexitis, complications requiring surgical intervention, hospitalization is indicated. The patient is also hospitalized with pronounced clinical picture with acute salpingoophoritis.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages is complex; in addition to antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, painkillers, vitamins, and sedatives are prescribed. It is recommended to abstain from sex during the treatment period to prevent re-infection. A woman should adhere to a diet, avoid hypothermia, heavy lifting, and long walks. Drinking plenty of fluids in the form of weak, non-hot teas, non-acidic fruit drinks, and unsweetened compotes is recommended.

After relief of acute symptoms, physiotherapy is indicated. Ultrasound, vibration massage, heating, electrophoresis, mineral baths, mud therapy give good results.

To normalize the menstrual cycle, protect against ectopic pregnancy microdoses of combined oral contraceptives are prescribed.

Most often, for complicated inflammation of the appendages, a minimally invasive surgical treatment method is used - laparoscopy, in which the pathological focus is removed with minimal trauma.

In case of infection of the appendages, gynecological sanitation is effective. The procedure involves washing away pathogenic microflora from the genitals. medicines, relieving inflammation with local use of antibiotics. In advanced cases, with complications of inflammation of the appendages, the fallopian tubes and ovaries are subject to surgical removal. Although nowadays organ-preserving operations are more practiced and removal of appendages is resorted to in extreme cases when the pathological process poses a threat to the patient’s life.

Prevention of inflammation of the appendages

Women's health requires special attention from early youth.

Prevention of inflammation of the appendages is based on following simple rules:

• Regular preventive examinations Seeing a gynecologist will help you avoid many health problems. Up to 40 years old healthy women you need to visit a specialist at least once a year. After 40 years and with the onset of menopause, you need to undergo follow-up examinations and examinations twice a year. Women with sexually transmitted diseases visit a doctor as needed, but at least two to four times a year.
• Contact a specialist when the first signs of illness appear.
• Strict adherence to professional recommendations, no self-medication.
• Intimate intimacy is desirable with one trusted partner. Try not to have sex during menstruation.
• Follow contraception, preferably barrier.
• Maintain hygiene, use only your own hygiene items.
• Avoiding hypothermia, stress and any factors that negatively affect the immune system.
• Lead an active lifestyle, moderate physical activity should be daily.
• Do not abuse spicy, fatty foods.
• Refuse bad habits which reduce immunity.

You can contact medical Center“AltraVita” for help, our treatment of appendages is carried out by highly qualified specialists. The clinic has its own laboratory and modern diagnostic equipment, where you can undergo diagnostics and get results in as soon as possible. Based on the results of the examination, the gynecologist will select the most effective treatment program for you, which will completely eliminate the disease and avoid serious consequences.

Our doctors practice an individual approach and guarantee high-quality care medical services. They will help you at any stage of the disease. You can make an appointment through the website by filling out an electronic form or by phone. All your personal data remains confidential. If desired, all treatment and diagnostic procedures can be completed under conditions of absolute anonymity.

Symptoms of inflammation of the appendages can manifest locally or give general signs diseases.

Local symptoms of inflammation of the appendages:

• Aching, cutting pain of medium duration in the abdominal area;
• Painful periods dull pain during intimacy;
• Mucous or purulent leucorrhoea, transparent discharge, often accompanied by itching and irritation of the skin;
• Changes in the timing, duration of menstruation, cycle shift.

If you notice at least one symptom, contact a specialist for diagnosis. GMS Clinic. It is much easier to cure the disease in the early stages, and the likelihood of avoiding complications and consequences is higher.

General symptoms of inflammation of the appendages:

• Pain in the lower abdomen, accompanied by general malaise, fever and weakness;
• Dry mouth, nausea, headaches;
• Change in blood picture: increase in ESR, leukocytosis.
• Tachycardia - palpitations accompanied by dizziness and ringing in the ears.

General symptoms inflammation can relate not only to problems in the female genital area, but also to any other inflammatory processes occurring in the body. If any symptom is detected general in combination with local symptoms, you should urgently consult a doctor. We advise you to make an appointment with GMS Clinic specialists to receive qualified advice and assistance.

Forms of the disease. Symptoms characteristic of each form

Inflammation of the appendages can occur in several forms. To be fully prepared and know when to start sounding the alarm, we will tell you the most frequent symptoms different forms inflammation of the appendages.

• Contrary to expectations, the most dangerous is considered latent, or hidden, form of inflammation of the appendages. Most often, women do not notice the symptoms of the inflammatory process occurring in the body, or attribute everything to stress and fatigue (headache, dizziness, abdominal pain). The latent form is dangerous because it is often detected already in the last stages, when adhesions have formed and the inflammatory process develops irreversibly. That is why we advise all women, even those who have no health complaints, to visit a gynecologist quarterly.
• Acute form detected very easily, characteristic symptoms: cycle disruption, copious discharge in the form of leucorrhoea, fever, nagging pain lower abdomen, extending to the lower back. If these symptoms are detected, you should immediately contact a specialist to prescribe treatment.
• Chronic form inflammation of the appendages most often develops from an untreated acute or latent form. Typical symptom chronic form - constant temperature about 37 degrees, lethargy, dizziness, periodic pain in the lower abdomen, discharge.

Causes of inflammation of the appendages

Normally, no bacteria live in the uterine appendages: neither beneficial nor harmful. However, when various diseases, their complications, and even if the rules of basic hygiene are violated, bacteria can get inside and lead to the development of inflammation.

Transmission of pathogens through sexual contact is also possible. Most often this happens with hidden infections, which cannot be noticed for a long time without testing. Exactly hidden infections- the most dangerous. Once in the acidic environment of the vagina, microorganisms that carry diseases either die (with normal immunity) or move to the uterine appendages (with weakened immunity).

Risk factors for inflammation of the appendages:

• Promiscuous sexual intercourse without the use of protection
• Intrauterine interventions, operations performed without the proper level of antiseptics
• Diseases of the female genital organs of an inflammatory nature that have not been fully cured or have become chronic
• Hypothermia

It is important to understand that it is better to cure the disease completely once than to transform it into a chronic form by quitting treatment, or to deal with complications of the disease that can lead to infertility.

Diagnosis of the disease

In order for you to be able to control the diagnostic process yourself and know what stages the study should consist of, we decided to tell you what stages the diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages consists of at GMS Clinic.

• Collection of blood for general blood test. According to the results Special attention, as noted above, is given to the level of leukocytes and ESR.
• The gynecologist first conducts identification survey possible symptoms inflammation of the appendages and then conducts an inspection. The first thing a specialist pays attention to is pain in the ovaries and cervix during examination and in the medical history.
• During the inspection, the specialist must take smear for culture of flora and conducting further analysis to identify the exact causative agent of the disease if one is found.
• If necessary, the doctor may suggest ultrasound diagnostics. This is a completely painless procedure, which is carried out with a vaginal sensor. Ultrasound diagnostics will allow you to collect more information about the condition of the body and select the most optimal treatment regimen.

Correct diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages guarantees the choice of the most optimal treatment regimen. If, nevertheless, a specialist diagnoses inflammation of the appendages, you should not think that the disease will pass itself. The sooner you start treatment, the greater the chances of avoiding consequences and starting healthy life without pain!

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages (adnexitis)

Treatment of inflammation of the uterus and ovaries is carried out in several directions at once. The first direction is the fight against yourself inflammatory process, the second is antimicrobial therapy, and the third is restorative therapy measures.

After starting treatment, the symptoms of acute inflammation disappear after a few days, but this does not mean that the disease has receded.

Specialists at the GMS Clinic Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology select the most optimal treatment regimen for adnexitis in each individual case, because each organism is unique and requires a special approach.

The main measures included in the treatment of inflammation of the appendages:

• Prescribing antibiotics;
• Carrying out physiotherapeutic procedures;
• Rehabilitation therapy;
• If necessary, carry out endoscopic surgery;
• Sanitary spa treatment.

Like any other disease, inflammation of the appendages has preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of developing an infection.

Prevention of inflammation of the appendages:

• Timely implementation of hygiene procedures to protect against infection entering internal cavities;
• If possible, avoid unprotected sexual intercourse;
• Protect yourself from surgical termination of pregnancy. The easiest way to do this is by using barrier methods of contraception;
• Regular visit gynecologist and taking a smear to analyze the internal flora.

Most often, a visit to a specialist helps to identify the disease and prevent its development in time. In addition, you can contact a herbalist who will prepare for you personal fee herbs that protect the body and help it fight infections.

Adnexitis is one- or two-sided inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, caused by various microorganisms. Most common cause development of adnexitis are bacteria such as: streptococcus, gonococcus, staphylococcus, E. coli.

There is an opinion that bacterial activity in the body is caused primarily by decreased immunity, but no less important reasons may cause intestinal dysbiosis, diabetes mellitus, infection urinary tract. Many microorganisms are present in female body constantly, and are activated only when the operation as a whole fails.

There are acute and chronic adnexitis. Chronic adnexitis is one of the most common gynecological diseases characterized by frequent relapses. Chronic adnexitis develops in the case of an untreated acute process. Periods of its exacerbation are characterized by a deterioration in general well-being.

The start for the development of adnexitis can be:

• hypothermia
• sex without barrier methods of contraception and during menstruation
• failure to comply with the rules of personal and sexual hygiene
• chronic infections
• overwork
• diseases gastrointestinal tract, constipation
• physical inactivity
• a large number of problems and processes in the female genital area (endometriosis, childbirth, any intrauterine interventions: abortion, hysterosalpingography (examination of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes), diagnostic uterine curettage).

Symptoms of adnexitis

Adnexitis manifests itself with varying strength, depending on the spread of inflammation and its severity, on the characteristics of the pathogen and the condition of the body as a whole.

Acute adnexitis

General manifestations of acute adnexitis and, accordingly, the infectious process include:

• heat
• chills, malaise
• nausea, vomiting
• headache
• nervousness, irritability, apathy
• insomnia.

Specific symptoms of acute adnexitis:

• aching, intermittent or constant pain in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the lower back, rectum, and thighs
• discharge (leucorrhoea), which is divided into mucous, serous, purulent, often accompanied by itching and irritation in the external genital area.

Chronic adnexitis

General symptoms of chronic adnexitis:

• dysfunction of the digestive system due to concomitant infection
• pathology of the urinary system (urinary tract infection, cystitis, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis).

Specific symptoms of chronic adnexitis:

• sexual dysfunction, lack of sexual desire (occurs in 35-40% of women)
• “dull”, constant pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by physical activity, menstruation, sexual intercourse, after hypothermia and stress
• menstrual cycle disorders in the form heavy bleeding, or, conversely, meager,
• long periods
• infertility caused by obstruction of the fallopian tubes against the background of a long-term inflammatory process.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of adnexitis, a consultation with a qualified gynecologist is necessary, who will evaluate the patient’s complaints and prescribe and analyze laboratory and instrumental studies: two-manual gynecological examination, examination of smears of the urethra, vagina and cervix, microbiological research contents of the fallopian tubes and abdominal cavity, as well as ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Most effective method Diagnosis of adnexitis - laparoscopy, which allows you to identify purulent formations and examine the fallopian tubes. To determine the patency of the fallopian tubes and the extent of the pathological process, X-ray examination uterus and appendages with the introduction of a contrast agent - hysterosalpingography. In case of menstrual irregularities, functional tests are performed (measurement rectal temperature, determination of pupil symptom and tension of cervical mucus).

Laboratory blood tests can determine the presence of inflammation by leukocytosis; urine tests can detect an increase in the amount of protein, leukocyturia, bacteriuria, which is associated with damage to the urethra and bladder.

Treatment of adnexitis

To treat acute adnexitis, a woman must be hospitalized. She is shown physical and mental rest, a light diet without spicy foods, fatty foods, etc., a sufficient amount of fluid, as well as monitoring the excretory function of the kidneys. Painkillers, anti-inflammatory, desensitizing drugs are usually prescribed, but the main role in the treatment of adnexitis belongs to antibiotics, with preference given to antibiotics long period action and elimination.

In case of severe disease that threatens blood poisoning (sepsis), antibiotics and drugs for a bactericidal effect on anaerobic flora are used (mainly intravenously). For purulent forms of inflammation, laparoscopy is performed, during which the pus is removed and the site of inflammation is irrigated with antibiotics and antiseptics.

It happens that the disease is so advanced that conservative treatment is no longer effective, then the appendages have to be removed surgically. When the acute symptoms of adnexitis are relieved, physiotherapy is prescribed (vibromassage, ultrasound, electrophoresis with magnesium, potassium, zinc on the lower abdomen), as well as biostimulants. These methods reduce tissue swelling, have a resolving and analgesic effect, and help reduce the formation of adhesions.

As additional methods, paraffin treatment, therapeutic mud (ozokerite), baths and vaginal irrigation with sodium chloride, sulfide are effective. mineral waters, as well as spa treatment (in the stage of stable remission).

Inflammation of the appendages must be treated, otherwise it can lead to complications. If these symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a gynecologist.

Forecast

We must remember that if acute adnexitis is not treated, it can turn into chronic inflammation, the treatment of which takes a long time. It is fraught with various serious diseases, including endometriosis and infertility, and its frequent relapses can lead to neuroses, decreased ability to work, as well as decreased sexual desire, and, as a consequence, to the emergence conflict situations in family.

The earlier treatment is started, the faster and easier it is to treat this disease.

Prevention

Prevention of adnexitis, first of all, is necessary for women in the period after any medical interventions on the pelvic organs. For prevention purposes, a number of conditions must be observed:

1. Try to avoid factors that can provoke the appearance of acute adnexitis and relapses of chronic adnexitis. These include:

• hypothermia
• sexually transmitted infections
• stress
• abuse of spicy food and alcohol.

2. Use modern methods of contraception, and if necessary, terminate the pregnancy, resort to non-traumatic termination

3. Timely begin and carry out a full range of treatment for inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, without interrupting it

4. Visit a gynecologist regularly (at least once every 6 months)

5. Observe basic hygiene rules - washing, timely changing of pads and tampons, underwear, not wearing tight clothes that impede blood flow in the pelvic organs, etc.

If any of the listed symptoms occur, a woman should immediately contact a gynecologist, since not only her health, but also the existence of a full-fledged family depends on this.

) - quite serious female disease, which can threaten infertility. This inflammatory disease female genital organs, caused by a group of microorganisms.

Serious consequences of adnexitis are observed in 60-80% of cases of the disease, so it is important to conduct a thorough diagnosis and begin immediate treatment!

Causes of inflammation of the appendages

Viruses provoke inflammation of the appendages ( herpes simplex), fungal organisms, protozoa and bacteria (streptococcus, gonococcus, mycoplasma, staphylococcus, intestinal bacteria). Very often, the action of several pathogenic creatures is observed at once, and they usually lead different lifestyles: some can live without oxygen, while others release energy only due to respiration.

However, in order for these types of microorganisms to begin to actively multiply and cause disease, certain conditions are necessary. Most often, the manifestation of the disease begins only after the action of certain factors:

• Severe fatigue;
• Stressful situations;
• Hypothermia, especially when it comes to taking cold baths, etc.

The risk of inflammation of the appendages increases after undergoing sexually transmitted diseases, cesarean section, abortion, sexual intercourse during menstruation, using intrauterine devices for contraception, etc.

The main symptoms of inflammation of the appendages

The main signs of adnexitis include:

• Pain in the pelvic area and lower abdomen, in rare cases radiating to the lower back and sacral region spine (the most common and characteristic symptom);
• Increased body temperature, tachycardia (increased heart rate);
• Headache;
• Chills (in case of purulent nature of the disease);
• Non-physiological vaginal discharge (can be gray, with pus, ichor, serous-purulent, etc.);
• Itching or irritation in the genital area;
• Problems with urination;
• Menstrual irregularities;
• Dyspareunia - painful sensations during sexual intercourse;
• General malaise and weakness;
• Pain in the area of ​​the right hypochondrium and stomach (infrequent symptom).

Diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages

This pathology appears similar to others. Therefore it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis. For this, in addition to examining and interviewing the patient, the following methods are used:

• PCR diagnostics;
• Linked immunosorbent assay;
• General tests urine and blood;
• The immunofluorescence reaction is one of the methods of immunological diagnostics;
• Bacteriological research;
• Hysterosalpingoscopy - allows you to detect changes in the anatomy of the fallopian tubes, which are observed with chronic inflammation;
• Diagnostic laparoscopy- examination of the abdominal cavity by inserting a camera into it.

At the MART clinic you can conduct comprehensive examination by using modern method ultrasound examination. This is an absolutely safe non-invasive diagnostic method that allows you to determine general state organs genitourinary system and make an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages at the MART clinic

The first thing the patient needs is to provide a “gentle” regimen. To do this, you need to monitor a favorable social environment, limit physical activity, and try to avoid stressful situations. Unprotected sexual intercourse is also prohibited (in principle, it is better to avoid sex in general for the entire duration of treatment). It is worth getting rid of bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol, etc.

If the patient has a regular sexual partner, he must be examined and, if necessary, appropriate therapy is carried out

If we talk about specific treatment methods, there are several of them: physiotherapy, medication and surgery.

Physiotherapeutic method involves the use of ultraviolet irradiation to improve performance immune system, providing a bactericidal effect and blood detoxification; high frequency action electromagnetic field to reduce inflammation; electrophoresis (administration of drugs using electric current), mud treatment, etc.

If we talk about medications, then for the treatment of adnexitis they use:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (relieve pain and swelling);
• Vitamins different groups(to activate the immune system);
• Antihistamines (relieves allergic reaction patient for microbes that have entered the body);
• Antibiotics (the most important group - directly affects the cause of the disease - pathogenic microorganisms).

Let's take a closer look at antibiotics. The first few days they are administered by injection until general normalization occurs. patient's condition, after which you can switch to tablets and change the dose of the medicine downward.

Changes in the patient’s condition already on the first day indicate the need surgical intervention. If the drugs are ineffective on the first day of antibiotic therapy, urgent surgery is necessary. Most often, laparoscopy is also used for this.

Usually, with timely initiation of treatment and correct diagnosis, hospital stay does not take longer than a week (sometimes up to 10 days). If complications occur, therapy may take a long time.

In case of a serious course of the disease, after completion of treatment, it may be recommended to undergo a course of procedures in sanatoriums. This will help avoid relapse of the disease and the occurrence of a group of complications.

At the MART clinic they offer you complex treatment, which will help not only relieve symptoms, but also completely destroy pathogenic microorganisms and prevent relapses of inflammation of the appendages.