Home Prevention “Human health is both an individual and social value.” Life Safety Lesson

Prevention

“Human health is both an individual and social value.” Life Safety Lesson

Svetlana Lesnichenko
GCD in preparatory group in life safety “I will save my health, I will help myself”

Synopsis of direct educational activities V preparatory group on the topic: "I I'll save my health,myself I'll help myself».

Age group: children 6 years old.

Educational area: "Safety".

Integration with educational regions: "Cognition",« Health» , "Socialization", "Communication", "Music", "Physical Culture" ,"Reading fiction".

Form of conduct: a game "Seven-flowered flower".

Target:formation in preschoolers of an idea of health as one of the main values human life.

Tasks:

Educational:

Continue to teach a conscious approach to preserving and strengthening your health.

Clarify the importance of following the rules of hygiene, nutrition, intake of vitamins, and exercise for health.

Learn to understand the meaning of proverbs and sayings about health.

Developmental:

Develop speech, cognitive interest, mental activity, imagination of children.

Educational:

Encourage children to want to take care of their own health, desire to lead healthy lifestyle.

Types of children's activities: cognitive, gaming, communicative, motor, reading fiction.

Methods: verbal, visual, game, problematic questions.

Activating the dictionary: healthy lifestyle, personal hygiene items.

Progress of the game:

Vos-l: I welcome you to the game "Seven-flowered flower".

Why do you think our game is called that?

Now I will introduce you to the rules of the game. On each petal there are numbers written that will correspond to the number of dots rolled on the die. For example, if the die shows 5 dots, then we look for the petal with the number 5. Each petal contains questions from fairy-tale characters, to which you will have to give a correct and clear answer. According to the rules of the game, the dice will be thrown by the team captain, whom we will select from using a counting rhyme.

The game is dedicated to the theme « Health and healthy lifestyle» .

Be healthy is very important. Only healthy a person can truly know the joy of life. That's what it says in proverb: « Health is more important than wealth» .Therefore, everyone should remember their health, protect and strengthen it, lead a healthy lifestyle. How do you understand this?

I present to you the participants of the game. So, let's start our game.

Questions from Aibolit. They are dedicated to the structure of our body.

Name the organ of hearing (ears).

-Mystery:Two windows at night

They close themselves

And with the sunrise

They open on their own (eyes)

Name the respiratory organ (nose).

The most top part body (head)

-Mystery:Olya runs cheerfully along the path to the river,

And for this we need our Ole (legs).

-What is unnecessary?: head, hands, doll, legs (doll)

-Mystery: Olya takes two or three berries,

And for this we need our Ole (pens)

Fizminutka “Repeat the words and do the movements.”.

Questions from Little Red Riding Hood:

*Dear guys, continue proverbs:

- “Sun, air and water - (our best friends);

-« Health is good-(thanks to charging)»;

-"IN healthy body(healthy mind) »;

-"Move more-" (you'll live longer)»;

-“If you want to be healthy(toughen up);

-“Movement- (that's life)»;

-“Who plays sports- (he is gaining strength)».

*Continue the lines from the poem by K.I. Chukovsky "Moidodyr":

“Nodo, I need to wash myself...”

"Long live scented soap..."

"Early in the morning at dawn."

Acupressure "Slightly".

Questions from Moidodyr.

Dear guys, you know that you need to keep your body clean, and especially your hands.

Why do you need to wash your hands?

What should we do to prevent germs from entering our body? (observe hygiene rules)

What hygiene rules do you follow at home and in kindergarten?

Moidodyr sent you a wonderful chest with riddles. We will find the answers in the chest. After the game Moidodyr asks:

What are these items called? (personal hygiene items)

Why are they called that? (they can only be used by one person)

Questions from Buratino.

Guys, you know that foods can be useful and harmful. Pinocchio asks question: what foods are good for health, and which ones are not?

A game "Healthy and harmful products"(with a ball)

What are vitamins?

What vitamins do you know?

What benefits do vitamins bring? "A", "IN", "WITH"(children read poetry)

Where are the most vitamins? (in vegetables and fruits)

What vegetables and fruits contain vitamins? "A", "IN", "WITH"?To answer this question, let's play a game "Vitamin Families".

All vegetables and fruits are healthy. But how important and necessary vegetables are, the guys will now tell you about this.

Staging verse. "Vegetables".

Questions from Puss in Boots.

Dear guys! If a person plays sports, he will live longer. Who plays sports with diseases are unknown.

Please tell me what sports do you know?

Why do you need to play sports?

What is a must-do in the morning?

What is charging for?

Do exercises in the morning

You will be strong, you will be brave.

I'll chase away the remnants of sleep

Blanket to the side

I need gymnastics

Helps a lot.

So that we don't get sick

And don't catch a cold

We're charging with you

Let's study.

Get in order for fun exercises.

Charging with music.

Question from Cinderella.

Guys! I know that you are sympathetic, cheerful and kind children, you know how to rejoice and have fun. It depends on what mood a person is in health. Cinderella asks question:

“Don’t say rude words, only give kind words!”

A game "Compliments"

Purple petal. Questions from viewers.

Educator:-This is where our game is over. What do you need to do in order to be healthy and beautiful(children's answers).Thank you for playing.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

ABSTRACT

Health - how most important factor human life safety

completed

student 9 "B"

Tsykin Alexey

Introduction

1. What is health

1.1 The concept of “health”: its content and criteria

1.2 The concept of “amount of health”

2. Basic components of health

3. Lifestyle and its impact on health. Basics healthy image life

4. Functional manifestation of health in various spheres of life

5. Conclusion: a healthy lifestyle is the basis for a safe, fulfilling and comfortable life

INTRODUCTION

The health status of the population is predetermined by many factors: the essence of the socio-political system, social policy, level of sanitary and hygienic culture, specific customs and traditions various groups population, working and living conditions, level of well-being, social security, the nature of interpersonal relationships, the state environment, development of healthcare and medicine. In addition to social and biological factors The health of the population is largely determined by the subjective attitude of the individual to his health and the health of those around him, and his lifestyle.

The health of an individual is recorded by various diagnostic methods and means and is characterized by the completeness of manifestation vitality, a sense of life, comprehensiveness and long-term social activity, integrity and harmony of personality development.

Life activity is a complex biological process that occurs in the human body, allowing one to maintain health and performance. Necessary and prerequisite flow biological process is an activity. In a broad sense, this word means a versatile process by which a person creates conditions for his existence and development.

The main types of human activity are work, learning, and play. Other types of activities - socio-political, pedagogical, military, etc. arose thanks to labor, which has always been of a social nature.

In the process of various active activities, a person interacts with the environment. This concept refers to everything that surrounds us, which directly or indirectly affects our daily life and activities. The environment has constant exposure on human health through material factors: physical, chemical and biological. Of course, a person, as a social being, is directly influenced by psychogenic factors.

In the course of long evolution, man has adapted to the natural environment,” and any changes in it adversely affect his health. The human body tends to tolerate certain impacts painlessly only as long as they do not exceed the limits of a person’s adaptive capabilities. Otherwise, damage to the body occurs, which, when a certain degree of change is achieved, is classified as an accident (injury) or a chronic disease.

At the post-industrial level of development of a civilized society, mass epidemics have receded, but other dangerous factors of life have arisen, one way or another related to health. For example, only a physically and mentally healthy person can safely drive a personal car or boat for himself and others, correctly determine the moment to cross a street with heavy traffic, endure a long plane flight, go scuba diving on vacation, etc.

Thus, livelihoods, health and safety in modern conditions very closely interconnected.

1. WHAT IS “HEALTH”

1.1 The concept of “health”: its content and criteria

A person’s life depends on the state of health of the body and the extent to which its psychophysiological potential is used. All aspects of human life in a wide range of social life - production and labor, socio-economic, political, family, spiritual, health, educational - are ultimately determined by the level of health (Table 1).

Table 1. Specific gravity factors determining health risks

	Health value approximate specific gravity	Groups of risk factors
Lifestyle		Harmful working conditions, poor material and living conditions, stressful situations, physical inactivity, fragility of families, loneliness, low educational and cultural level, excessively high level of urbanization, unbalanced, irregular diet, smoking, abuse of alcohol and drugs, etc.
Genetics, human biology		Predisposition to hereditary and degenerative diseases
External environment, natural and climatic conditions		Pollution of air, water and soil with carcinogens and changes in atmospheric phenomena, increased heliocosmic, magnetic and other radiation
Healthcare, medical activity		Ineffectiveness of personal hygiene and public preventive measures, low quality medical care, untimeliness of its provision.

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) Health- this is a normal psychosomatic state of a person, reflecting his complete physical, mental and social well-being and ensuring the full performance of labor, social and biological functions, and not just the absence of diseases and physical defects.

Let's expand on the concept health more fully as:

Absence of disease;

Normal functioning of the body;

Dynamic balance of the body in the “person-environment” system;

Complete physical, spiritual, mental and social well-being;

The ability to adapt to constantly changing conditions of existence in the environment;

The ability to fully perform basic social functions (communication, education, work).

Thus, it can be said that Health- this is a person’s ability to adapt to the environment and to his own capabilities, the ability to withstand external and internal disturbances, illnesses and injuries, the ability to preserve oneself.

The WHO definition of health above is theoretical.

In practice, doctors assess health status using more specific indicators that can be recorded and measured: blood pressure level, heart rate, breathing rate, blood test data, urine test data, x-ray examination etc.

If these indicators correspond to a person’s age standards and allow him to study and work without interference, we can say that the person is healthy. If a person without visible reasons begins to study and work poorly, he loses interest in games and activities, one can assume that he is unwell.

Health- a value to strive for. By mastering this value, people more fully realize their expectations, satisfy their needs, and become more significant not only for loved ones, but also for the entire society.

The most widespread is the functional approach: in a person’s ability to carry out his inherent biological and social functions, i.e. carry out socially useful labor and production activities. In connection with the functional approach, the concept of “practically healthy man».

Therefore, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of both health and disease have a fairly wide range of interpretation. Differences in the severity of health are determined by many criteria: the level of vitality of the organism, the breadth of its adaptive capabilities, biological activity organs and systems, their ability to regenerate, etc. The ability to adapt is one of the most important criteria for health.

1.2 The concept of “amount of health”

According to the famous philosopher and surgeon - academician N.M. Amosov (book “Thinking about Health”), “the amount of health” can be defined as the sum of the reserve capacities of the “main functional systems» organism, i.e. the body's ability to resist various deviations. The better the functional systems work, the greater the amount of health, and - therefore - the less prone to disease.

Health is the fruit of the influence of various factors on a unique systemic phenomenon of nature - “man”. Every person should be able to manage their health, taking into account the risk of diseases and psychological characteristics, physiological factors. To independently manage health, everyone needs to be able to create comfort in soul and body, which is achieved by a certain way of life, attitude to the means of healing and healing from illnesses.

2. MAIN COMPONENTS OF HEALTH

Individual human health consists of three components:

a) social health (well-being);

b) spiritual (moral) health;

V) physical health.

Social well-being- when a person is confident in his future, has housing, work, the opportunity to improve the quality of education, career worthy wages, the opportunity to relax according to their desires and capabilities, has the opportunity to support their loved ones, and finally, feels “needed” by society, i.e. These are social connections and interpersonal relationships, favorable working and living conditions. Social health is closely related to a person’s spiritual health.

Spiritual health - the health of our mind. Spiritual health depends on:

a) - systems of thinking, the degree of knowledge of the surrounding world and orientation in this world;

b) - the ability to adequately determine one’s position in the environment, one’s attitude towards any person, thing, area of knowledge.

Spiritual health is achieved through the ability to:

Live in harmony with yourself, family, friends and other members of society

Forecast various situations, affecting life;

Develop and optimally adapt a model of your behavior in relation to the environment.

Physical health - This the health of our body. Physical health depends on:

A) - motor activity person;

b) - rational nutrition;

c) - hardening;

d) - compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;

e) - safe behavior in everyday life;

f) - optimal combination of mental and physical labor;

g) - ability to relax;

h) - refusal to use alcohol, drugs, smoking.

When assessing physical health, four main criteria are used:

presence or absence of chronic diseases;

level of achieved physical and neuropsychic development;

the state of the main systems of the body - respiratory, cardiovascular, excretory, nervous, etc.;

the degree of resistance of the body to external influences.

If a person is interested in his health, he should equally care about strengthening his spiritual and physical health. The components of health are closely interrelated: if a person is physically healthy, but experiences psychological discomfort, he cannot feel great.

3. Lifestyle and its impact on health. Basics of a healthy lifestyle

Lifestyle is an indicator of how a person implements the living conditions for his health.

According to the table above. 1, human health depends 60% on lifestyle, 20% on the environment, 8% on heredity.

From birth, a person has certain health reserves, and the duration of their use depends on the person himself (behavioral conditions, style, lifestyle). Health is the main gift given to us by our ancestors and not always wisely and too wastefully spent by us.

A healthy lifestyle means individual system human behavior aimed at maintaining and strengthening one’s health. Conventionally, this process can be divided into two directions:

1. Active actions of the person himself to form and improve his health (physical training, hardening, compliance with hygiene rules, balanced nutrition, adherence to a daily routine, sex education, etc.) and

2. A person’s desire to avoid factors that contribute to the destruction of health (primarily such bad habits as smoking, drug addiction, substance abuse and drinking alcohol, safe behavior at home and on the street, ensuring the prevention of injuries and poisoning).

Important components of a healthy lifestyle are personal hygiene, friendly family relationships and moral behavior.

A healthy lifestyle does not yet occupy first place in the hierarchy of human needs and values in our society. It is especially important that from early childhood the younger generation strives to value, protect and strengthen their health. The incidence of youth (people aged 16 to 29 years) has increased by 26% over the past 5 years. Mortality from non-communicable diseases is constantly increasing and now reaches 83% (according to WHO).

The cause of all such diseases is the lack of personal interest among young people in a healthy lifestyle and concern for the continuation of their family lineage.

Generations reasonable people simple and understandable recommendations for a healthy lifestyle have been developed:

1) know yourself and don’t set unrealistic goals for yourself;

2) keep your body clean;

3) eat healthy and well;

4) work, observing safety rules, work and rest schedules;

5) choose your friends wisely;

6) maintain yours inner world clean;

7) learn to say “no” to temptations;

8) if you feel sick, consult a doctor; Take your medications as prescribed by your doctor and get your appointments in a timely manner preventive examinations and get vaccinated.

You just need to remember that The main condition for a healthy lifestyle is a person’s personal interest.

We must understand that nothing in life comes for free. . That the result will be better the sooner a person begins to work on himself, on preserving and increasing his health.

4. Functional manifestation of health in various spheres of life

Health status affects all areas of people's lives. What is a person’s activity, so is he himself, his nature and his illnesses. The completeness and intensity of a person’s diverse life manifestations directly depends on the level of health, its “qualitative characteristics”, which largely determine a person’s image and lifestyle: the level of social, economic and labor activity, the degree of migration mobility of people, their inclusion in modern achievements culture, science, art, engineering and technology, the nature and methods of leisure and recreation.

At the same time, an inverse relationship also manifests itself: a person’s lifestyle, the degree and nature of his activity in everyday life, especially in labor activity, largely determine the state of his health. Such interdependence opens up great opportunities for prevention and health promotion.

Health influences the quality of labor resources, the productivity of social labor and thereby the dynamics economic development society. In the context of the transition to a predominantly intensive type of production development, the health of the country's population - along with other qualitative characteristics - acquires the role of a leading factor in economic growth.

Health level and physical development- one of the most important conditions quality work force. Depending on their indicators, the possibility of a person’s participation in certain areas of work is assessed. . Therefore, already at the stage of choosing a specialty and type of professional training, the problem of psychophysical compliance of the individual with specific types of professional activity objectively arises, is posed and solved.

The acceleration of the rhythm of life and the complication of modern production with high level Its mechanization and automation determines significant loads on the body, the importance of such personality qualities as speed of reaction, speed of decision-making, composure, and attentiveness increases, which are largely determined by the entire complex of indicators of people’s health.

The need for health is universal, it is inherent in society as a whole. Attention to one’s own health, the ability to provide individual prevention of its disorders, conscious focus on health various forms vital activity - all these are indicators of a person’s general culture.

Physical fitness is the result physical training to a certain type of activity. It is characterized by the level of development of the leading quality for a given activity (endurance, strength, agility, flexibility, speed) and the degree of mastery of skills (high, medium, low).

Level of physical development, physical fitness and health ensures optimal human adaptation to living conditions.

5. CONCLUSION: A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IS THE BASIS OF A SAFE, FUL AND COMFORTABLE LIFE ACTIVITY

Healthy lifestyle has a wide positive range of effects on various aspects of the manifestations of the human body and personality.

In behavior this manifests itself in greater vitality, composure, and good communication skills; a feeling of one’s physical and psycho-emotional attractiveness, an optimistic attitude, the ability to ensure one’s complete and pleasant rest, and a holistic culture of life.

In the psychological aspect the advantages of a healthy lifestyle are found in the quality of mental health, good health, neuropsychic stability, and the ability to successfully endure consequences mental stress; in a well-expressed volitional organization (self-control, determination, persistence in achieving a set goal, determination), self-confidence, less susceptibility to depression, hypochondria, and suspiciousness.

In functional manifestation you can note:

a) more high quality health, improvement of adaptation processes, increase in performance and fitness;

b) reduction of morbidity and pain;

c) faster and more complete course of recovery processes after mental and physical activity;

d) gain immune mechanisms body protection; activity metabolic processes in organism;

e) increased sexual potency, normalization of the ratio of body weight and height;

e) good posture and ease of gait.

The given content of the criteria can be expanded and detailed, but it is clear health is the most important factor in a person’s safe, fulfilling and comfortable life!

Presentation on the topic: Human health

Slide no. 1

Slide description:

Slide no. 2

Slide description:

Slide no. 3

Slide description:

Health is the first and most important need of a person, determining his ability to work and ensuring the harmonious development of the individual. It is the most important prerequisite for understanding the world around us, for self-affirmation and human happiness. Active long life- This is an important component of the human factor. Health is the first and most important need of a person, determining his ability to work and ensuring the harmonious development of the individual. It is the most important prerequisite for understanding the world around us, for self-affirmation and human happiness. An active long life is an important component of the human factor. To main

Slide no. 4

Slide description:

· Physical health is natural state of the body, due to the normal functioning of all its organs and systems. If all organs and systems work well, then the entire human body (a self-regulating system) functions and develops correctly. · Physical health is the natural state of the body, due to the normal functioning of all its organs and systems. If all organs and systems work well, then the entire human body (a self-regulating system) functions and develops correctly. · Mental health depends on the state of the brain, it is characterized by the level and quality of thinking, the development of attention and memory, the degree of emotional stability, and the development of volitional qualities. · Moral health is determined by those moral principles that are the basis social life person, i.e. life in a particular human society. Distinctive features moral health of a person is, first of all, a conscious attitude to work, mastery of cultural treasures, active rejection of morals and habits that contradict a normal way of life. To main

Slide no. 5

Slide description:

A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is a way of life based on the principles of morality, rationally organized, active, working, hardening and, at the same time, protecting from adverse environmental influences, allowing one to maintain moral, mental and physical health until old age. A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is a way of life based on the principles of morality, rationally organized, active, working, hardening and, at the same time, protecting from adverse environmental influences, allowing one to maintain moral, mental and physical health until old age. To main

Slide no. 6

Slide description:

The next component of a healthy lifestyle is balanced nutrition. When talking about it, you should remember two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health. The next component of a healthy lifestyle is balanced nutrition. When talking about it, you should remember two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health. The first law is the balance of energy received and consumed. If the body receives more energy than it expends, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for normal development person, for work and wellness, - we are getting fatter. Now more than a third of our country, including children, has excess weight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary disease heart, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a number of other ailments. To main

Slide no. 7

Slide description:

Second law - correspondence chemical composition diet physiological needs organism in nutrients. The diet should be varied and meet the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable because they are not formed in the body, but come only with food. The absence of at least one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness and even death. We get B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the source of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish fat, liver. The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body for nutrients. The diet should be varied and meet the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable because they are not formed in the body, but come only with food. The absence of at least one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness and even death. We get B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the source of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish oil, and liver. To main

Slide no. 8

Slide description:

The state of the environment is of no small importance to health: The state of the environment is of no small importance to health: the effect of the “ozone hole” affects education malignant tumors air pollution on the state respiratory tract water pollution - on digestion, sharply worsens general state human health, reduces life expectancy to the main

Slide no. 9

Slide description:

Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life by long years, maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases tone nervous system, improves blood circulation, normalizes metabolism. Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, and maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism. To main

Slide no. 10

Slide description:

It is important to follow the following daily routine: It is important to maintain the following daily routine: get up at the same time every day, exercise regularly morning exercises, eat at set hours, alternate mental work with physical exercise, observe the rules of personal hygiene, keep your body, clothes, shoes clean, work and sleep in a well-ventilated area, go to bed at the same time! To main

As a result of mastering and studying the discipline

“Medico-biological foundations of life safety”

the student must:

know:

· general patterns impact physical factors per person;

· main occupational and regional diseases;

· tasks and principles of hygienic regulation of hazardous and harmful factors habitats.

be able to evaluate and explain :

· basic patterns of formation and regulation physiological functions an organism exposed to various adverse environmental factors;

combined action of several harmful substances;

· combined effects on humans of harmful substances and physical factors (noise, vibration, EMF, etc.);

to get skills:

- use of norms of harmful and traumatic factors in specific conditions of production, everyday life and other types of habitat to preserve and maintain human health.

Course of lectures on the discipline “Medical and biological foundations

Life Safety"

Safety is an acceptable risk.

BJD is a field of scientific knowledge, studying common dangers, threatening every person and developing appropriate methods of protection against them in any human environment.

Danger – phenomena, processes, objects, properties of objects that, under certain conditions, can cause damage to human health.

Dangers by their nature are probabilistic (i.e. random), potential (i.e. hidden), permanent (i.e. constant, continuous) and total (i.e. universal). Human health is the natural state of the body, characterizing it by balance with the environment and the absence of any painful changes.

Health is the main indicator of human life.

Health- a relative concept corresponding to the optimal state of the body. WHO defines it as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

According to this definition, to be healthy is not only not to get sick, but also to have positive physical, mental and social well-being, and these aspects are interrelated.

Main indicators of integral health population are:

Level and harmony of physical development

Level functional state basic body systems and degree of stress regulatory mechanisms, indicating its reserve capabilities,

The body's resistance to various unfavorable factors.

Health status is an indicator of the final impact of environmental factors on people. This refers to both negative and positive and protective interactions.

WHO notes that the cumulative impact on public health 50% takes up lifestyle, 20% - environment, 20% heredity, 10% - quality of health care. But according to scientists’ forecasts, in the next 30-40 years, if current trends in industry development continue, 50-70% of the health of the Russian population will depend on the quality of the living environment.

Currently in external environment 4 million toxic substances have been registered, and every year their number increases by 7 thousand, about 100 thousand xenobiotics enter the human body, more than 80% of diseases are caused by environmental stress.

When analyzing various aspects of the impact of environmental exposure on human health, priority is given to risk factors that directly lead to the occurrence of diseases.

From the moment of birth, the body finds itself in completely new conditions and is forced to adapt the activities of all its organs and systems to them. During individual development, the factors acting on the body are continuously modified, which requires constant functional rearrangements. Thus, the process of adaptation of the organism to climatic-geographical, industrial, social conditions is a universal phenomenon.

Under adaptation understand all types of congenital and acquired adaptive activity, which are provided by certain physiological reactions occurring at the cellular, organ, systemic and organismal level. Protective-adaptive reactions are regulated by reflex and humoral pathways, and the main role in these reactions belongs to VND.

The theory of functional systems, formulated by P.K. Anokhin, contributed to the understanding of the patterns of development of reactions of the whole organism to a changing environment. The systems approach made it possible to explain how the body, with the help of self-regulation mechanisms, ensures optimal vital functions and how they are carried out under normal and extreme conditions.

The process of self-regulation is cyclical and is carried out on the basis of the “golden rule” - any deviation from the vital level of any factor serves as an impetus for the immediate mobilization of numerous functional systems, restoring this vital adaptive result.

Such beneficial adaptive results for the body are: 1/indicators internal environment- oxygen level, nutrients, temperature blood pressure and etc.

2/ results of behavioral activity - eating, drinking, sexual, etc.

3/results social activities– social and individual experience, position in society, etc.

Biological meaning of active adaptation consists in establishing and maintaining the constancy of the internal environment - homeostasis, which allows one to exist in a changed external environment. Homeostasis – relative dynamic constancy of the internal environment and some physiological functions of the body (thermoregulation, blood circulation, gas exchange, etc.), supported by self-regulation mechanisms in conditions of fluctuations in internal and external stimuli.

External stimuli - environmental factors that come into contact with the human body - physical, chemical, psychogenic.

The main constants of homeostasis (body temperature, osmotic pressure of liquids, etc.) are supported by self-regulation mechanisms, which involve the nervous, endocrine, sensory systems. The range of fluctuations in the parameters of environmental factors, in which self-regulation mechanisms function without physiological stress, is small. When parameters deviate from optimal levels, self-regulation mechanisms begin to function with tension and adaptation mechanisms are activated to maintain homeostasis.

So, adaptation is the process of adapting the body to changing environmental conditions, i.e. natural, industrial and social conditions.

It ensures performance, maximum life expectancy and reproduction of the body. If the levels of exposure to factors exceed the limits of the body’s adaptive capabilities, then additional defense mechanisms, counteracting the progression of the pathological process.

Compensatory mechanisms – adaptive reactions, aimed at eliminating or weakening functional changes in the body caused by inadequate factors. Compensatory mechanisms serve integral part reserve forces of the body.

Possessing high efficiency, they can maintain relatively stable homeostasis long enough for the development of stable forms of the adaptation process.

The effectiveness of adaptation depends on the dose of the influencing factor and the individual characteristics of the organism. The dose of exposure and tolerability depend on hereditary characteristics, duration and strength (intensity) of exposure to the factor.

Stress syndrome under extremely strong influences can transform into pathogenetic and cause the development of diseases.

Basic concepts of human health. Human health and well-being. The definition of health is formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is recognized that health is not just the absence of disease, but a state of physical, mental and social well-being. IN general concept There are two equal components to health: spiritual health and physical health.

A person's physical health is the health of his body. It depends on a person’s physical activity, balanced nutrition, adherence to personal hygiene rules and safe behavior in everyday life, the optimal combination of mental and physical labor, and the ability to rest. You can preserve and strengthen it only by giving up excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, drugs and other bad habits. A person's spiritual health is the health of his mind. It depends on his system of thinking, attitude to the world around him and orientation in this world. It depends on the ability to determine one’s position in the environment, one’s relationship to people, things, knowledge, etc., and is achieved by the ability to live in harmony with oneself, with family, friends and other people, the ability to predict various situations and develop models of one’s behavior taking into account the need , opportunities and desires. In addition, it is customary to distinguish between individual and public health (population health). Individual health is the personal health of a person, which largely depends on himself, on his worldview, and ultimately on his culture - the culture of health. Public health consists of the health status of all members of society and depends mainly on political, socio-economic and natural factors.

Health assessment

To assess health in biomedical research, indicators of physical development are used. Body functions are assessed by indicators of mental and physical performance, and adaptive reserves by indicators of biochemical, hormonal and immune status. The morbidity rate reflects the prevalence of diseases, which is determined by the ratio of the number of diseases per year multiplied by 1000 and divided by the average population. This indicator is a collective designation of negative health indicators, which in health statistics are considered as criteria for health status. The concept of "environment" natural environment» We discussed in detail earlier. Includes a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic factors generated by man and his economic activities often have a negative impact on people, their living conditions and health

At the UN conference in 1972 in Stockholm, a declaration was adopted that states that man is both a product and creator of his environment, which gives him the physical basis for life and the opportunity for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual development. Thus, for human well-being and the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, including the right to life, two aspects are important - the natural environment and the one created by man. In this sector of living conditions at the end of the 20th century. the most dangerous tendencies for humans are concentrated, since the exhaustion natural resources and pollution of the natural environment occurs faster than people can replace them with artificial conditions. These trends have become most acute in large industrial regions and cities.

In Fig. 19.4 according to T.A. Akimova, V.V. Haskin (1994) clearly sees the inevitability with which flows of matter, energy and information that a person builds up in the environment through his activities and passes through himself converge towards a building and a car with a red cross.

Rice. 19.4. Interrelations of environmental factors forming a complex

stress effects on humans (according to T. A. Akimova, V. V. Khaskin, 1994)

An essential component of these influences is social stress, psychological tension that has gripped the masses of people due to the acceleration of the pace of life and social changes.