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What neurological diseases occur in children? Neurology in children

Very often, a neurologist has to see desperate parents who bring to an appointment a schoolchild who is classified as “difficult” or “unteachable.” When talking and analyzing medical documentation, as a rule, it turns out that the majority of mothers of these children had problems associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Babies were born with asphyxia, aids were used during childbirth, doctors accelerated or slowed down the natural course of the child’s birth.

However, most of these children were not diagnosed with birth trauma. This was partly due to the carelessness of the doctors, partly because no more than ten minutes were allotted for a medical appointment, and a good initial examination takes no less than half an hour. The pediatrician, not knowing the neurological symptoms, did not refer him to a specialist in time. The children were not observed by a neurologist after discharge from the maternity hospital or in the first months of life. Precious time was lost, which the further you go, the more difficult it is to make up for.

In addition, we simply do not have statistics on birth injuries. Silence of this problem leads to the fact that neonatologists, obstetricians, and gynecologists are generally not responsible for the condition of newborn children and do whatever they want. Tell me, which antenatal clinic, which maternity hospital gives the highest percentage in Moscow? No one knows. They are generally silent about mild disorders, despite the fact that the percentage (mild cerebrovascular accidents) in Moscow is approaching ninety.

Some children under one year old were registered with a neurologist, sometimes they were even prescribed baths, sedatives and massage courses. But after twelve months, the children disappeared from the doctors' sight for two reasons.

Firstly, at this age, the manifestations of the disease are “erased”; therefore, during a quick and inattentive examination, doctors do not notice them.

Secondly, before the age of three or even seven, many patients experience a period of “quiet”. The disease does not make itself felt because compensation occurs: the vessels begin to cope with the increased load. Unfortunately, this is only possible until the next critical period, when they will again be required to work in an intensive mode. At three and seven years old, new connections between nerve cells are formed, requiring increased energy consumption and nutrition. Add here the fact that at this age most children go to kindergarten or school, respectively. As a result, problems bloom in full bloom.

School years. Wonderful?

And so excitable and awkward children march in orderly rows to the public school. The parents groan, the son or daughter cries, the teacher gives up. The child becomes a frequent visitor to the neurologist's office. However, the doctor notes in the development chart: “There are no focal symptoms.” This means that all parts of the brain are arranged correctly, nerve cells function normally. But in reality there are only gross symptoms. For example, both legs are the same length, both arms are the same thickness, the child does not limp, can jump and run.

But there are subtle signs of illness! For example, when writing, the muscles of the arm and neck tense, the child does not notice what is written on the right or left on the board. The doctor can detect these signs only when he provokes some symptoms. For example, he asks you to close one eye, or holds right hand child while he performs the task with his left.

And the parents ask “to do something” - and the student is again prescribed drugs. He visits the doctor once every three to four months, and then disappears again - and now forever, disillusioned with medicine.

Why are doctors unable to help? This, paradoxically, is not taught at the institute. They only give you the basics. Next, the doctor must develop independently, look for teachers and like-minded people. And the fact that medical education has been put on stream and every person with a diploma goes to heal is a crisis.

But, unfortunately, most doctors, whom you may have encountered, are satisfied with their level of training. What is also vicious is that most parents are happy that no effort is required from them. The child is considered sick and is prescribed medications. And only a thoughtful or desperate parent will look for those specialists who will offer not chemistry, but a correctional course.

What are they like, restless children?

Conventionally, all children who should be under the supervision of a neurologist can be divided into two groups.

First - excitable children. They pee during the day and/or at night; stutter; have tics, blink, involuntarily move their shoulders, lips, etc.; often perform stereotypical and/or ritual actions: sniffing hands, endlessly opening and closing doors, turning lights and water on and off, etc.

What is the reason for a child's excitability? Only a team of specialists, which will include a psychologist, neuropsychologist, neurologist, and sometimes a psychiatrist, can answer this question. And the leading cause of excitability (usually there are several of these reasons) cannot be identified without an accurate diagnosis of the baby’s condition.

If it is not possible to consult in one place, then you will have to look for specialists from different institutions or offices in the same building. But only a team of specialists can determine the strategy and tactics of correction. As a rule, each specialist from the above will find a reason to work with a child.

Sometimes there are families where the baby’s temperament is interpreted as a pathology. For example, it happens that children who cannot fully realize themselves in life begin to sleep poorly. Or the child manages to rest for four hours at night, which does not suit the parents at all. In each specific case, you have to unravel the tangle of family problems.

Sometimes excitable children need medication. But most often, changing the attitude towards the child, building a daily routine and action programs can help - for example, doing homework and handicrafts that require adherence to a certain sequence.

The second group - children who suffered hemiparesis. Hemiparesis is a consequence of asymmetric brain damage. Maybe due to hemorrhage, maybe due to insufficient blood supply (vessels are pinched). A symptom of hemiparesis is asymmetrical damage to the limbs. One arm, leg, or both begins to weaken, develop more slowly, and become more easily tense and “drawn up.” In addition to the “curvature” of one leg and/or arm, there may be a distortion of the body, immobility in the neck, when the child looks only in one direction.

In pediatric practice, this is most often associated with birth trauma, but there are also more late reasons- severe trauma (car accident), brain, hemorrhage not related to childbirth

Children who have suffered hemiparesis cannot concentrate on one activity, they are inconsistent in their desires even for a quarter of an hour. They cannot build a program of action and grab onto everything at once. Everything “burns” and breaks in their hands. They cannot work without an adult who sits next to them and says: “Pay attention, concentrate, check again that you are distracted...”. They often run around aimlessly in circles. They may burst into tears for no reason.

At an older age, these children become motorically awkward. They get bumps in doorways, sometimes on the same shoulder. They don’t like to sculpt, knit, or sew. They cannot finish the project they have started. Boys prefer aimlessly driving cars to playing with construction sets. Often children demonstrate “field behavior”: they rush around aimlessly in a circle in an open space, grabbing at all the toys that are in their field of vision.

Severe disorders in the form of “paresis,” when a child cannot use one half of the body, which quickly lags behind in growth, are not so common. Besides, the doctor will not pass by such a person. There are much more “mild” lesions, unnoticeable in the first year of life (unless you specifically look for them). I cannot say how many such children are born, since healthy ones, as a rule, do not come to my attention. But among schoolchildren who do not perform well in the Russian language, among the “inept” kindergarten students, more than 90% of them are like that. But there are simply no official statistics on these children. They are not listed on any accounts .

How are they usually treated?

Doctors prescribe various sedatives for both excitable children and those who have suffered hemiparesis - from herbal infusions and baths to sleeping pills and calming tablets. But standard drugs in average-age dosages do not lead to the desired result. Firstly, due to the lack of an integrated approach. Secondly, due to the fact that the sensitivity of the affected and healthy half of the brain to medications is different. Small doses are better absorbed by the sick side, while “horse” doses are better absorbed by the healthy side.

Sometimes symptoms go away, but problems remain. Or, for example, the doctor will cope with the tic, but enuresis will begin. This happens because the pills do not allow you to build a “base” for the development of a particular skill. In newborns, unlike older people (from preschoolers to the elderly), circulatory disorders occur in those parts of the brain that are located lower, closer to the spinal cord (brain stem section). While in older people, as a rule, the cortex suffers (it is located higher). Since intra- and extrauterine development proceeds from the bottom up, the deficit below does not allow normal development brain A one-time tablet can only do its work on a specific area (usually the bark), without in any way affecting the development of the underlying affected areas. There are tablets that act on the underlying sections, but only by reducing their excitation, again without affecting maturation and development. As a result, the pathologically excited cells will calm down, but then those located to the right, to the left, a little higher, a little lower will become excited. This doesn't change the essence. Brain maturation will not follow the right path.

I will say right away that I am not a supporter of drug treatment for excitable children. As I have already said, traditional treatment involves prescribing doses that are excessive for these children. In addition, the “local pharmacokinetics” of drugs is not taken into account. What it is? There are areas that are more sensitive to certain medications. The prescription of many medications does not take this feature into account. For example, Sonapax is not recommended for use by patients with damage to the right hemisphere, but doctors often prescribe it. The effect is zero or the opposite. In addition, the medicine begins to act quickly, but when it accumulates it stops working. But we see that traditional courses are designed for a period of at least a month.

The management strategy for such patients should be fundamentally different. First of all, it is necessary to carefully examine the child according to the scheme that we will propose in this series of publications in one of the upcoming issues. It makes sense for parents to familiarize themselves with our diagnostic techniques in order to draw the specialist’s attention to certain features if for some reason they fall out of the doctor’s field of attention. Parents can also conduct some tests themselves, and simply observe the baby’s behavior.

If your awareness and attentiveness irritates the doctor, this is a bad signal. A good doctor benefits from an informed parent because he is “tuned to his own child.” He is ready to work and put in the effort, and not just wait for the doctor to prescribe a pill and everything will go away. An informed parent follows recommendations more conscientiously and better monitors the dynamics of changes.

Remember that the sooner the child’s rehabilitation begins, the stronger and faster the positive result will be. Unfortunately, these children have problems for life, but some school failures can be dealt with even if treatment begins after 6 years.

Comment on the article "When does a child need a neurologist?"

TREATMENT WITH POSITIVE STATEMENTS (TAP)

Health care facilities do not require the purchase of medications and can be used either independently or simultaneously with any other treatment. Treatment consists of reading affirmations for the ailments you want to get rid of. There are three sessions per day, in each session you need to read each statement 9 times in a row. In the morning, two sessions are held, in the first, for each ailment, we read statements that confirm that you have this ailment (this is acceptance of the situation, these are negative statements, for example, “I have a headache”). An hour later (or more), for the same ailments, we read positive statements (“I don’t have a headache”). In the evening (after 10-15 hours) we repeat the reading of positive statements.
Improvement in condition - after 5 days, treatment time up to 30 days.
To reduce habitual constipation, urinary problems, etc. by 50%. for old, chronic disorders it will take up to one year.

EXAMPLE of writing statements: First session (negative statements):

"I have a headache.
I have a high intracranial pressure.
I have a fear of violence and murder, of losing my family and my home. I have a fear of hunger."

Second and third sessions (positive statements):

“I don’t have a headache, I don’t have a fear of headaches, my head is normal.
I do not have increased intracranial pressure, I do not have a fear of increased intracranial pressure, I have normal intracranial pressure.
I have no fear of violence and murder, of losing my family and my home. I have no fear of hunger."

The fear of violence and hunger is present in everyone, it must be removed.
When writing statements, you cannot use negative particles “NOT”, “NO”. For example: you cannot write “I don’t have a headache.” Write statements based on the symptoms (not the name of the disease), for example, write “I have no pain in my wrist” rather than “I have no arthritis in my wrist.” Everywhere (both in the Traces and in the Review) add “There is no fear of....”
The technique is effective for the most serious diseases and always gives some effect. It must be taken into account that recovery is an additional burden for the body, so there will be a temporary deterioration in well-being, and when the disease goes away there may be a preliminary exacerbation. It is necessary to increase the consumption of proteins, vitamins, microelements, and get more rest.
Before reading the affirmations, recite the Lord's Prayer. Use church opportunities for help, repent, change your lifestyle or attitude towards life (look at the books of Louise Hay - her affirmations can be inserted into health care facilities). Try not to think about ailments, treatment, distract yourself, load yourself up.
To guarantee results, simultaneously read statements to eliminate traces of illness and recall your negative thoughts.

TRACES OF ILLNESS
With age, traces of past diseases accumulate in a person’s subconscious, which, under certain conditions, lead to a recurrence of these diseases. To eliminate traces, read for 11 days, 7 times a day (in one session):
“Lord, forgive me for the harmful thoughts and actions that led to the deterioration of my health, which I condemn and will never repeat.
Lord, I thank You for the absence of headaches.
I am headache free. I am free from the fear of headaches
Lord, I thank You for normal intracranial pressure.
I am free from increased intracranial pressure. I am free from the fear of increased intracranial pressure.
Lord, I thank you for the lack of fear of violence and murder, of the loss of loved ones and your home, for the lack of fear of hunger.
I have cleared my subconscious, I am healthy.”

If you have a persistent thought, a suspicion of some kind of ailment, make a REVIEW OF NEGATIVE PREDICTIONS.
“I recall my negative thoughts, words about headaches, intracranial pressure.
INSTEAD OF NEGATIVE PROGNOSIS I CLAIM: I have no headache, no fear of headache, no increased intracranial pressure, no fear of increased intracranial pressure.
I withdraw my thoughts, words about violence, hunger. Instead of negative forecasts, I affirm: I have no fear of violence and murder, of the loss of relatives and my home. I have no fear of hunger."

What to do: For all your ailments, read “REVIEW of negative forecasts” and “Traces” and simultaneously pass the ailments through the health care facility (not all at once - 2-3 ailments each). Remove everything that you don’t like, both “genetic” and “from childhood.” Half of the ailments will go away, the rest will decrease. With what's left, go to the doctor. At the same time, continue health care facilities and RECALL.
When the period of clearing primary ailments has passed, then only REVIEW can be used for fresh (less than 6 months) ailments.

Positive statements can also be used independently; they are often recommended to be said in front of a mirror. You need to know that in this case you cannot say “no”, “no”, and you also need to imagine what you want to receive as accomplished, as already received, i.e. imagine yourself healthy and rejuvenated. This is called visualizing what you are saying. Visualization overcomes the lack of “acceptance of the situation” and will increase the effect. Such an increase will also occur in health care facilities if you learn to visualize. That is, the lack of visualization when using health care facilities (a person simply does not have the skill to visualize) will lead to an increase in the number of days of treatment, but will not in any way affect the final result of treatment.
I wish you health, Boris Petrovich, [email protected]

25.11.2015 14:34:52, Neurology in children

Good afternoon My daughter is 3 years old, one leg is thinner than the other and she is limping. The leg is not developing well. The doctors didn’t really diagnose it, they send you here and there and that’s it, tell me where and how to go? Thank you!!!

06/30/2014 14:30:45, Yuri13

Total 20 messages .

What manifestations of neurological disorders should you pay attention to?

Do infants have up to 28 days of life?

Some symptoms in the first time after birth may be normal. For example, hypertonicity of muscle tissue should alert parents if it does not subside a week after the baby is born.

When examining newborns, great importance is given to the assessment of reflexes. Their absence or weakening indicates neurological pathology:

In a baby up to one year old

In infants up to one year old, reflexes are also checked during examinations. But over time, they pay attention to their attenuation. Many reflex movements, as a rule, do not remain with a person for life. They are needed only in the first months after birth:

In addition to reflex movements, the following symptoms should alert a baby under one year of age:

Tremor of the chin and limbs, marbling of the skin. In the first month of life, such symptoms may be physiological. Their persistence for a longer period of time indicates the presence of neurological disorders due to trauma or birth period or after birth.
Head growth too fast. It may occur due to an increase in cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrospinal fluid spaces. This can be confirmed using neurosonography. In particularly severe cases, excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid indicate the death of brain cells. Only bypass surgery can save the child.
Strabismus. This problem is not only ophthalmological, but also neurological in nature. The cause of strabismus is insufficient functioning of the III, IV, VI cranial nerves innervating oculomotor muscles. The result of the disorder is paralysis of the eyeball.
Delays in motor, mental and speech development. There are certain periods during which a child develops new skills (the ability to hold his head up, roll over, sit, stand, walk, and demonstrate age-appropriate speech activity). Lack of progress in one or more areas may be due to damage to the central nervous system.
When leaning on the foot, the toes curl tightly. This sign is an indicator of increased muscle tone, the cause of which is a pathology in the functioning of the nervous system.

10 signs of a nervous system disorder in a newborn that you can determine yourself:

At a preschooler

At the schoolboy's

The description of the neurological status of a school-age child is largely based on the same symptoms as in a preschooler. Noteworthy:

Treatment methods

Just born babies

In severe cases, in the presence of a hematoma and diagnosed hydrocephalus, the child requires surgical intervention.

If the situation is limited to the manifestation of neurological symptoms without a critical picture based on the results of an instrumental examination, drug treatment.

It includes:

Baths with soothing infusions of chamomile and motherwort help the baby calm down.

Infant swimming is practiced from two weeks of age.. Exercises performed in an aquatic environment relieve muscle tension.

From 1 to 12 months

After the first month of life, massage is added to drug therapy and swimming. During the session, the specialist determines the state of muscle tone and performs appropriate massage movements.

With hypertonicity, it is necessary to relax tense muscles, so movements should be smooth, stroking, calm. With hypotonicity, the opposite task is faced, which can be accomplished by more active pats.

During the massage session, infant gymnastics is performed. It is necessary to strengthen the muscle corset. This is especially important for weak back muscles and pathology in the cervical spine.

Preschoolers and schoolchildren

In preschool and school age, drug treatment, physiotherapy, massage and water treatments are also used to eliminate neurological symptoms.

It is also important that the child maintains a daily routine, which is often disrupted after leaving kindergarten. One of the ways to prevent neurosis in preschoolers and schoolchildren is to change types of activities.

It is important to limit your exposure to the computer and TV.

Unlike the neonatal period and infancy, neurological symptoms in preschoolers and schoolchildren can be prevented by preventive measures.

Neurological abnormalities vary in nature and cause. Some of them are treatable and go away completely, others can be compensated for with timely treatment.

Nervous diseases in children alphabetically

Apraxia in a child develops due to various pathologies that affect the brain. The disease is characterized by impaired motor functions...

According to statistics, insomnia in children occurs in 40% of cases. Insomnia occurs in both schoolchildren and newborns. Sleep disturbances can last...

Vegetative-vascular dystonia develops in children as a result of functional changes internal organs. In this case, all disorders arise in the nervous...

Nervous diseases in children originate in early age. The reasons can be very different, and the consequences can bring more late age serious health problems. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner, as soon as the child has the slightest disturbances in speech, movements, and facial expressions. Neurological diseases in children, as a rule, directly depend on the atmosphere around them: relationships with parents, peers, and teachers. It is necessary to monitor the emotional state of the child and regularly undergo medical examinations with him, since diseases of the nervous system in children are easier to treat at the initial stage. A separate area of medicine is aimed at this – child neurology.

Causes and consequences

Among the causes of nervous diseases in children, two groups can be distinguished.

External factors. This is what a child encounters in his daily life:
- family relationships;
- communication with peers;
- atmosphere in kindergarten, school, clubs;
- ecological situation.
Internal factors. These include thought processes that affect the child:
- stress, depression, depression;
- genetic predisposition;
- personality type: excessive emotionality;
- diseases of the brain, internal organs, injuries, infections, low immunity.

Symptoms

Diseases of the nervous system in children may not manifest themselves immediately. They also arise under the influence of several factors. The reasons overlap each other and manifest themselves as a result. The consequences are felt already in adulthood. Childhood diseases of the nervous system develop into serious neuroses, which are much more difficult to cure. For example, all kinds of disturbances in the functioning of the psychomotor system.

Symptoms of disorders are expressed in different ways. They can manifest themselves in the child's periodic twitching, blinking, and shrugging of shoulders. Such contractions affect the muscles of the legs, arms, and face. Typical symptoms that characterize neurological diseases in children are repetitive actions: tapping, walking from one side to the other, shifting an object. Symptoms also include various smacking, coughing, and snoring.

The main symptoms indicating nervous diseases in children include:

fainting,
insomnia,
enuresis,
poor appetite,
hypochondria,
headache.

Types of diseases

Children's neurological diseases are divided into several types. They differ depending on what caused the disorder in the body.

Neurological diseases in children are diagnosed in several stages. First of all, the doctor conducts a survey of the child and his parents, recording not only data on the child’s health, but also how the pregnancy went and what the patient’s lifestyle is like. All this allows us to create a complete picture of violations and select effective treatment.

Nervous diseases in children of the central and peripheral nervous system can only be cured by qualified specialists. Self-medication is dangerous. After the examination, the pediatric neurologist draws up an individually selected treatment plan, which includes the use of medications and medical procedures. If necessary, a dispensary is appointed where medical rehabilitation of children is carried out. Treatment methods depend on the patient's age.

Children's neurological diseases may not reveal themselves, so it is worth regularly undergoing examinations by specialists. In children under one year of age, pathologies such as perinatal encephalopathy, increased intracranial pressure, muscle hypertension and hypotension are diagnosed. Preschool age is characterized by problems associated with adaptation to society. The child may develop fears, depression, and hypoexcitability. The doctor will help you cope with all deviations. Childhood diseases of the nervous system in adolescents manifest themselves in attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy and other disorders that arise due to problems in learning and communicating with others.

Prevention

“Neurology” in children is preventable. To reduce the risk of violations, the following rules must be followed:

balanced diet,
correct schedule,
being on fresh air,
reasonable physical activity.

You can choose a pediatric neurologist for consultation or treatment on our website yourself, or call the helpline (the service is free).

This material is posted for informational purposes, does not constitute medical advice and cannot serve as a substitute for consultation with a doctor. For diagnosis and treatment, contact qualified doctors!

The appearance of the first signs of one of the neurological diseases can be noted in early infancy
. Regular crying of a baby should be the first signal for parents, prompting them to immediately visit a specialist. Instead, most mothers and fathers prefer to attribute this behavior of the baby to banal capriciousness. But we all know that babies can cry for several reasons: due to improper care and illness.

Neurological diseases can be acquired or congenital. Provocative factors leading to violations are:

Injuries
Diseases of internal organs
V chronic stage.

Injuries
. Traumatic brain injury leads to the development of various neurological disorders.
Diseases internal organs in the chronic stage.
Hereditary predisposition.
In this case, the manifestation of disorders begins from an early age: these are tics, epileptic seizures, motor dysfunction, complete or partial loss of sensitivity.
Circulatory disorders of cerebral vessels.
Disorders include dizziness, disorientation, migraine, and
Exhaustion of the body nervous soil.
Diseases that are caused by this cause differ in psychosomatic symptoms.

It is sometimes difficult even for an experienced specialist to recognize problems in the functioning of a child’s nervous system during a clinical examination. To parents who are far from medicine, such a task will seem completely impossible. But observing the child’s behavior from the very first days of his life is their direct responsibility.

There are four methods of therapy that are successfully used to treat neurological diseases (their list is given above):

Medicinal or medicinal.
Includes a wide range of drugs that, in accordance with the instructions for medical use, are used to treat these conditions.

Physiotherapeutic
. Includes various physical therapy sessions aimed at different organs and muscles, as well as magnetic and laser therapy, electrophoresis and other types of physiotherapeutic effects.

Surgical
. This method is used when the disease progresses and there is a complete lack of effect from other methods of therapy. Surgical interventions carried out on nerve fibers, spinal cord and brain.

Non-drug
. This may include diet therapy, treatment medicinal herbs, acupuncture, massage, manual and reflexology, osteopathy.

Disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system can manifest themselves both immediately after birth and after some time. You should be wary if your baby is constantly crying. Children become capricious in two cases: with improper care and the presence of physical or mental disorders. In any case, it is better to show the baby to the pediatrician once again. And he will decide whether consultation and observation of a neurologist is necessary in a particular case or not. Pediatric neurology has the following symptoms:

the child’s strong feelings about various things;
excessive immersion in the world of fantasy during the game;
communication with imaginary friends;
constant headaches;
nervous tic;
lack of appetite;
obsessive guards, hysterics, tearfulness;
insomnia;
neurotic urinary incontinence;
in older age, fatigue, spinal disorders, frequent migraines, etc.;
in adolescence, a fanatical passion for some extraordinary activity (subculture, religion, etc.).

Childhood neuropathology most often occurs in timid children with low self-esteem and who are under constant strict control of their parents or, conversely, left to their own devices from early childhood. Treatment of abnormalities is usually prescribed by a neurologist for children. The main methods of combating the disease are:

drug treatment;
physical exercise;
diet;
various therapies(phyto, magneto, manual, etc.);
physiotherapeutic procedures;
massotherapy;
surgical intervention in complex cases (surgeries on the brain and spinal cord).

Be attentive to your children. To prevent diseases of the nervous system, a child first of all needs a comfortable emotional environment at home. Love and care will help avoid many emotional disorders.

Sleep problems, decreased muscle tone and frequent crying sometimes indicate problems with the nervous system. The sooner neurology and its cause are identified, the greater the chance of fast recovery and proper development.

Neurological diseases have various causes when they occur. An important component is heredity. Most neurological diseases primarily depend on systemic diseases of the internal organs. The presence of toxins, improper administration, and abuse of medications also cause neurological diseases. Metastatic cancer cells also provoke paraneoplastic and disease-related syndromes.

It is often difficult to identify neurological diseases as a result of the fact that their etiology is still unclear. In such diseases, visible damage to the atoms can be seen, but its source is difficult to determine. After all, it looks more like a condition than a disease. When diagnosing a neurological disease, the main thing is to choose the right research method, because treatment depends on it.

The emerging diseases are similar in manifestations and symptoms. The neurological type of the disease can be determined by the signs that appear in the patient:

pain in the limbs;
speech defect;
headache;
sleep disturbance and depressive state;
increased anxiety;
frequent fainting;
disturbance during the period of coordination of movements;
accelerated fatigue;
impaired memory, attention and vision;
amimia;
convulsions;
sensory disturbance;
tremor (either hypersensitivity or its complete absence).

The appearance of even one of these signs indicates that the person should be examined by a neurologist.

A diagnosis can only be made after a thorough examination, which includes several measures, and only your treating neurologist determines their necessity. These include:

Electrowave research (EEG or electroneuromyography);
Radiation research(X-ray, CT, MRI, nuclear magnetic tomography, radio wave method);
Ultrasound examination (Doppler ultrasound of the vessels of the head or ECG);
Laboratory research ( biochemical analysis blood tests, immunological tests, lumbar puncture).

The modern approach to the treatment of neurological diseases is due to the developed pharmacological industry and improved surgical equipment. In addition, the latest immunomodulatory drugs, stem cells, minimally invasive neurosurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery are used to treat pathologies.

Most people are interested in what signs require contacting a specialist in the field of neurology. Each of us should be wary of the following symptoms:

limb weakness;

general lethargy;

dizziness;

convulsions;

periodic loss of consciousness;

memory and sleep disorders;

numbness in different parts of the body;

neurotic disorders;

deterioration of vision, hearing and smell;

noise in ears.

Moreover, any traumatic brain injury is a reason to consult a neurologist. All this is for the reason that its consequences often appear after a certain time and complications can be very serious.

Modern medicine resorts to new diagnostic methods. These are electroencephalography, ultrasound, radiography, electroneuromyography, computed tomography of the spinal cord and brain, magnetic resonance imaging, various laboratory methods, duplex scanning of the main arteries of the head.

Treatment methods used in neurology are divided into 4 groups:

1. Drug-free methods: herbal medicine, diets, acupuncture, alternative medicine methods. Reflexology, therapeutic massage, manual therapy.

2. Medicinal methods contain all medications that are used for various diseases of the nervous system.

3. Physical methods – various sets of exercises for the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases. This includes a complex of physiotherapeutic procedures: magnetic therapy, laser therapy, myostimulation, electrophoresis.

4. Surgical method It is used when other medications have not had the desired effect and the disease progresses. Specialists perform various operations on the spinal cord, brain, and nerve fibers.

Treatment in each case is selected individually. It may include measures in one or several areas at once: taking medications, psychological help, additional procedures.

Drugs

Children are not always treated with drug therapy. The doctor must, based on the diagnostic results, determine the need for medications. If the child really needs them, then the following may be indicated:

Sedatives. Most of them are of plant origin, so they do not harm the child’s body. Their effect is to reduce the child’s emotional stress. They also help normalize sleep;
Drugs that improve blood circulation in the brain area. Such medications have a beneficial effect on the condition of blood vessels, expanding and providing them with nutrition;
Antipsychotic medications. Necessary to rid the child of obsessive fears and increased anxiety;
Tranquilizers. They also belong to the group of sedatives, but have a more pronounced effect. Eliminate emotional tension and have a relaxing effect. Sleep, as a rule, becomes deeper and more sound;
Calcium-containing complexes. They make up for the lack of this element in the child’s body, which has a positive effect on the state of his nervous system and brain function.

What kind of drug the child needs, and in what dosage, is determined only by the attending physician. Otherwise, the condition may be worsened by side effects from taking medications.

Visit child psychologist forms the basis for the treatment of most nervous disorders in children. At the appointment, the specialist tries to find out from the patient what exactly worries him, scares him or makes him nervous. In this case, the psychologist must establish the most confidential contact with the child. If necessary, work is carried out with parents.

In addition to working with the child’s inner world, it is also important to create conditions for his life. He must have a normal daily routine, adequate sleep of at least 8 hours a day, a healthy diet, as well as a balanced amount of work and rest.

ethnoscience

All folk remedies aimed at eliminating signs of a nervous disorder in a child involve taking herbal remedies that have a sedative effect. The most popular methods are:

Motherwort tincture. Dry herbs are brewed with boiling water and filtered through cheesecloth. Take this remedy 1-2 teaspoon 3 times a day. Not recommended for children under 7 years of age;
Valerian tincture. In this case, boiling water is poured over the crushed root of the plant. Drink the strained product 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day;
Chamomile decoction. Dried flowers are brewed with boiling water and then left for 3 hours. Even infants can drink this decoction. If there are neurological disorders, the child is recommended to drink up to 150 ml per day.

What are the consequences of delay?

Reasons for the development of pathology

Neurological disorders in children are associated with damage to the brain and spinal cord, cerebellum and peripheral nerves. Malfunction of the nervous system can be congenital, when the pregnancy was accompanied by complications or the child was born with genetic defects inherent in the beginning of embryonic development. Disorders acquired after birth are observed due to malnutrition, after injury and severe allergies.

The most common causes of cerebral palsy are associated with the prenatal period, these are premature and difficult births, fetal infections, and genetic problems. Epilepsy is often the result of injury, infection, tumor formation, or brain damage. Another cause of epilepsy is systemic disorders such as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, uremic syndrome, chemical poisoning and the result of an increase in body temperature above 39 degrees.

Experts are still looking for an answer to the question of why the same factors act differently on different children - some babies are born healthy, while others have pathologies of varying severity. This is probably due to the features small organism and his sensitivity.

Neurological symptoms in children under one year of age are not always a cause for concern.
If such signs as crying and insomnia are temporary, then this is a variant of the norm - modern babies often react with capriciousness to changes in weather or an excessive amount of impressions. Tremor (shaking of the hands) disappears after the third month of life, in premature babies after 4-5 months. The size of the fontanel and its closure may deviate slightly from the norm, provided that the growth of the head is correct and there are no other developmental complications.

Startling during sleep is not always a pathology; it is normal for any age, if they are not observed during the entire period of sleep. Trembling during urination is not a reason to visit a doctor in your baby's first year. Increased muscle tone (hypertonicity) in newborns returns to normal at the 5th month of life (maximum permissible period).

List of neurological diseases in people over 60 years of age that are incurable: senile dementia, multiple sclerosis (currently found in the younger generation of citizens), parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment. The reason for their development is considered to be long-term arterial hypertension, not compensated by drug therapy, failure of metabolic processes and insufficient blood supply to the brain. Below is a partial list of neurological diseases (in the table) associated with memory impairment in older people.

Timely seeking medical help will improve the patient’s quality of life and will allow the progression of the disease to be delayed for some time.

The nervous system of a newborn undergoes the most significant changes during growth.
Children are born with an immature nervous system, and it has yet to form and strengthen. The most intense changes occur during the neonatal period and the first year of life, and therefore it will not be difficult for any neurologist to find certain neurological symptoms in a baby at 2 months or 6 months.

During the period of formation of the functions of the nervous system, not everything goes smoothly, says Evgeny Komarovsky, hence the incomprehensible cry for an incomprehensible reason, spasms and tics, hiccups and regurgitation, which bring so much worry to parents and rich food for the work of doctors.

The brain of a newborn is quite large compared to the body; as the child grows, the proportions change, the structure of the brain becomes more complex, and additional grooves appear.

The most active changes occur in the period from birth to 5 months.

The spinal cord and spine of a baby grow unevenly, and their growth levels off only by the age of 5-6 years. The speed of transmission of nerve impulses in a child’s nervous system is different than that of an adult, and it will only come into line with mother’s and father’s by the age of 6-8 years.

Some reflexes that a newborn has go away over time and by the age of one year there is no trace left of them; they are replaced by permanent reflexes. The sense organs of newborns function from the first minutes after birth, but not in the same way as in adults. For example, a baby begins to see clearly at about 1.5-2 months, and he can hear well already on the third day after birth.

The nervous system is responsible for the perception and analysis of signals outside and inside the body, and is responsible for their subsequent translation, processing and response. In other words, the nervous system plays an important role in the human body, which signals internal problems and external changes.

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	Consequences of sleepless nights

The nervous system is divided into:

central (brain and spinal cord);

peripheral (nerve fibers and nodes).

Neurological diseases are most often caused by pain. Symptoms that may indicate possible brain damage: facial distortion, headache, dizziness, unsteadiness, difficulty swallowing and speaking, numbness of the limbs, double vision. In some cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions, and weakness in the legs and arms are observed.

Ecological deterioration, the modern pace of life, regular stress, a sedentary lifestyle, intoxication of the body, chronic diseases - these are all factors that cause the development of diseases of the nervous system. The risk of developing diseases increases significantly with age. But, as practice shows, neurological diseases have recently become much younger.

Complications during pregnancy, toxicosis, pathology of the placenta, birth injuries and oxygen starvation may cause disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and cause complications in the future. In this regard, the number of patients involved in the treatment of the nervous system is constantly growing, and many of them are infants.

The history of the development of neurology in Russia as an independent medicine goes back approximately 150 years. The course of nervous diseases was first highlighted at the medical faculty of Moscow University in July 1835. Before this, diseases of the nervous system were classified as private therapy and pathology. In the period from 1835 to 1841, the course on nervous diseases was taught by Professor G.I. Sokolsky.

His course included the following diseases of the nervous system: meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, arachnoiditis, neuritis, myelitis, neuralgia and others. Then the professor entrusted the reading of the course to his follower and student V.I. Varavinsky. Mostly teaching was conducted in the form of lectures. Sometimes patients from the therapeutic clinic were demonstrated directly at the lectures.

The first department of nervous diseases was organized at Moscow University in 1869. It was headed by A.Ya. Kozhevnikov, student of V.I. Varavinsky. The base of the clinic was the Novo-Ekaterininskaya Hospital, where twenty beds were allocated for patients suffering from diseases of the nervous systems. Due to insufficient beds, a second department was opened at the Staro-Catherine Hospital, which was headed by V.K.

Neurology has managed to strengthen itself as an independent discipline. Kozhevnikov trained many talented students, together with whom he opened a Moscow school of neuropathologists. He also wrote the first textbook on nervous diseases in Russia (1883). Representatives of the Moscow school were such outstanding neurologists as L.S. Minor, V.A. Muratov, G.I. Rossolimo, O. Darkshevich, E.K. Sepp, M.S. Margulis, A.M. Greenshein, N.V. Konovalov, N.I. Grashchenkov, E.V. Schmidt, N.K. Bogolepov and others.

Simultaneously with the Moscow school, a school of neuropathologists was created in St. Petersburg. Its founder was I.P. Merzheevsky. Representatives of the St. Petersburg school were outstanding neurologists - B.S. Doinikov, L.V. Blumenau, W.M. Bekhterev, M.I. Astvatsaturov, M.P. Zhukovsky, M.P. Nikitin. The first neurological clinic appeared in 1881 at the Medical-Surgical Academy.

Clinics were created at the departments of mental and nervous diseases at the medical faculties of universities in Odessa, Kharkov, Kyiv, Kazan and other cities. There was also a lot of medical, pedagogical and scientific work. But the St. Petersburg and Moscow schools remained leading. The Moscow school primarily focused its scientific research on clinical and morphological areas, while the St. Petersburg school studied biological and physiological ones.

hereditary factor; brain tumors; diseases of internal organs of a chronic nature; low immunity; traumatic brain injuries; infections; reaction to taking medications.

This is not a complete list. According to some reports, even the environmental situation and gender can affect the state of the nervous system.

Receiving a birth mechanical injury;
fetal hypoxia, as well as insufficient oxygen supply due to possible repeated entanglement in utero;
complex process of childbirth and labor;
acute toxicosis of pregnant women throughout the entire period;
genetic inheritance.

In its current understanding, neurology is a medical branch in which diseases of the nervous system (central and peripheral) are described and studied. Diagnosis of neurological diseases is difficult even for a highly qualified specialist. But thanks to the use of the latest medical technology, the possibilities for finding a reliable diagnosis are expanding.

Modern center, who deals with neurology, has the latest equipment. They provide truthful information about diseases of the spinal cord and brain, congenital pathologies spinal column and so on. Based on the acquired information, the neurologist makes a conclusion about the patient’s basic condition and the necessary treatment methods. In such medical centers People come to us with different neurological symptoms.

The complete list of diseases is not based on the nervous system, as the popular saying goes, “all diseases come from the nerves,” however, during the development of diseases, the nervous system is involved, which can change or delay the picture of morbidity. Therefore, before doctors make a diagnosis, they first refer sick people to a neurologist for consultation.

Even before our era, the first sources on diseases of the nervous system were found. This was approximately 3 thousand years BC. Sensory disturbances and paralysis were found in patients. IN ancient book of India's Ayur-Veda, fainting, seizures and headaches were reported. The chronicles of Razi, Hippocrates and Ibn Sina present clinical descriptions of various neurological diseases, methods, as well as diagnostics of their treatment. Already at that time, the human condition was characterized as a brain disease, including migraine and epilepsy.

If the central nervous system is healthy, then other organs are functioning properly. When the slightest malfunction occurs in the body, various complications and diseases arise. Because the treatment of neurological diseases is a very long and complex process, it is more important to keep it healthy than to treat it. To do this, professionals advise using basic recommendations that will help every person maintain their health.

The main factor for a healthy central nervous system in the human body is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This definition includes:

maintaining the correct regimen;
healthy eating;
long walks in the fresh air;
good physical activity;
giving up bad habits such as smoking or drinking alcohol.

As a result of the fact that neurological diseases are complications of infectious diseases, it is necessary to use preventive methods that prevent such symptoms. Timely vaccination is one of the methods for the prevention of infectious diseases.

They are divided into two types:

Extrapyramidal;
Pyramid.

The extrapyramidal system is responsible for muscle tension, involuntary movements, posture and balance.

The pyramidal system - relates to the coordination of movements, reduces muscle reflexes and their tone. Sometimes neurological diseases can affect the external functions of the brain, affect memory, and lead to speech and perception disorders.

In medical practice, the most common neurological pathologies are:

Encephalopathy;
Hiccups;
Amnesia;
Epilepsy;
Neuralgia;
Dystonia;
Migraine;
Down syndrome;
Hydrocephalus;
Intercostal neuralgia;
Alzheimer's disease;
Parkinson's disease;
Dementia;
Dysarthria;
Chorea;
Neuritis;
Enuresis;
Dysgraphia;
Polyneuropathy;
Myositis;
Dizziness;
Headache.

Neurology is a branch of clinical medicine, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Traditionally, the central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous systems (spinal roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions) are distinguished. Nervous diseases can be acquired or hereditary.

The nervous system controls our movements, sensations, and behavior. Clinical manifestations depend on the location (localization) and extent of the lesion. Peripheral nerves carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles of the head, neck, trunk and limbs (movement). In the opposite direction (from skin receptors, joints, etc.

) impulses are transmitted to the spinal cord, which carry information about the effects of external stimuli, body position and limbs (sensitivity). The spinal cord not only ensures that impulses are carried further to the brain, it contains centers that control involuntary functions - for example, blood pressure, temperature, complex motor automatisms, and the functions of the pelvic organs.

The brain stem contains centers that are responsible for vital respiratory and cardiac functions, and cranial nerves depart from the brain stem, which innervate the surface and muscles of the face, head, oculomotor muscles, etc. Finally, the cerebral cortex provides the actual sensations, voluntary control of movements, and, of course, higher mental functions - speech, recognition of visual images, memory, etc. Thus, a neurologist in his practice is faced with a huge variety of individual symptoms and their combinations.

The maturation of the nervous system continues after the birth of a child. Therefore, the same damaging factors can lead to different clinical manifestations in young children and adults. In addition, a number of diseases occur exclusively or predominantly in infancy or childhood. From general neurology a separate section was allocated - child neurology, which requires special training of a specialist.

Diseases of the nervous system can develop as a result of various reasons - trauma, vascular lesions, tumors, various degenerative lesions, consequences of infections, intrauterine damage, complicated childbirth, etc. Many nervous diseases are hereditary. The rapid accumulation of new knowledge over the past decades has led to the identification of separate subspecialties within neurology - for example, neonatal neurology, epileptology, angioneurology, vertebroneurology, neuromuscular diseases, etc.

An example of common neurological disorders:

Brain and spinal cord - stroke, epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease.
Spine - disc herniation, spondylosis.
Peripheral nerves - peripheral mono- and polyneuropathies, traumatic injuries.
Muscles - myopathies, muscular dystrophies.

In the diagnosis of neurological diseases, neurophysiological methods are used - electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), evoked potentials, transcranial magnetic stimulation; ultrasound diagnostics– duplex scanning of blood vessels and transcranial Dopplerography, neurosonography;

As you know, diseases of the nervous system are very diverse. They are based on:

various inflammations of a non-infectious and infectious nature that occur in the spinal cord and brain, as well as in nerve fibers;

disruption in the normal functioning of nerve cells, namely neurons and the connections between them.

In most cases, people turn to a neurologist with complaints of migraine. This disease is characterized by sudden attacks of headaches that are one-sided. Residents of megacities constantly face this problem.

An equally common problem is diseases of the autonomic nervous system. As a rule, they manifest themselves in the form of pain in the left chest, surges in blood pressure, dizziness, chronic fatigue, fear and anxiety. Almost half of the population of our planet complains about such phenomena.

Moreover, a neurologist specializes in the treatment of osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernias, vegetative-vascular dystonia and radiculitis; concussions, pinched nerves. Even those who suffer from cerebrovascular insufficiency, epilepsy, memory disorders, strokes, polyneuropathies and neuritis can turn to such a specialist.

Another area of activity of this specialist is encephalitis of various origins, complications of osteochondrosis, neoplasms in the brain and other parts of the nervous system.

People also consult a neurologist about degenerative conditions of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, Parkinson's disease.

Many people mistakenly believe that a neurologist treats various mental disorders. For correcting deviations in plan mental state The psychiatrist answers. But quite often neurological diseases are accompanied by symptoms of mental disorders. In this case, two specialists take on the treatment of the patient.

Treatment of various diseases of the nervous system requires integrated approach and often take a lot of time. It must be remembered that the disease is easier to overcome in the early stages. Therefore, be as attentive as possible to the state of your body and, at the first alarming signs, contact a specialist.

Therefore, in order to prevent the development of neurological diseases, you need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, eliminating bad habits. Moderate physical activity and systematic sports contribute to the normal functioning of blood vessels, nerves and the body as a whole. Also an important factor is proper nutrition.

Overly active behavior, namely constant movements of both arms and legs, lack of perseverance.
Quick distraction to the presence of any irritants.
Inability to play alone.
He talks incessantly, interrupts adults, and does not hear others when they ask him questions.
Moves from one task to another without completing the first.
Losing things in kindergarten, school, absent-mindedness.

constant fatigue;
disorientation;
sleep problems;
memory impairment;
weakening of attention;
failure in muscle activity;
formation of spots in the vision area;
hallucinations;
dizziness;
confusion;
tremor;
pain that occurs suddenly and affects different parts of the body;
panic attacks;
feeling of numbness in the lower and upper extremities;
paresis or paralysis.

psychological trauma;
chronic stress;
uncomfortable and aggressive environment in which the child is located;
uncontrolled physical and mental stress;
inability to cope with strong emotions (fear, resentment).

Hypertonicity and hypotonicity.
A sign of the first is considered to be tension in the muscle tissue that does not go away after the first week of the baby’s life. Symptoms of the second - the upper and lower limbs are straightened, with passive extension there is no resistance. Treatment consists of regular exercises and massage courses.
Central nervous system disorder syndrome.
It is assumed that this condition occurs in a large number of newborns. The reasons for its appearance lie in the adverse effects of external conditions on the nervous system during gestation, delivery and in the first days of the baby’s life. At the first signs of illness, treatment should be started immediately using physiotherapeutic methods. Untimely therapy will subsequently result in brain dysfunction.
Intracranial pressure.
It may be unstable or increase and lead to hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome. Symptoms that should alert a young mother manifest themselves in the form of frequent crying, regurgitation, especially when changing atmospheric pressure, irritability or, conversely, drowsiness, lethargy, and lack of appetite are noted. A pattern of veins appears on the bridge of the nose, temples and skull of the baby, which is visible to the naked eye. By the beginning of the second month of birth, the size of the baby's head may increase.
Perinatal cerebral hypoexcitability.
It occurs periodically or can be constant, and has varying severity. The baby shows passivity, lethargy, he does not show curiosity, muscle activity is reduced, the main reflexes - swallowing and sucking - are reduced, low motor activity. This type of pathology is typical for premature infants, as well as those who have been exposed to hypoxia or birth trauma.

Excessively heavy loads on the child’s body.
A feeling of constant fear caused by the behavior of parents, as well as their pressure.
Adaptation period at school.

Risk group

Doctors identify a group of children who are more susceptible to neurological disorders than others. First of all, these are children with too low
or, on the contrary, inflated self-esteem
. Even at a very early age, it is difficult for them to develop normally in society, which is why they become withdrawn. This group also includes children with signs of individualism, anxiety and touchiness.
. Often, neurological diseases overtake children with a high degree of suggestibility and too timid
.

Unwanted children can also be considered a risk group.

Rehabilitation

If developmental disorders are detected, the neurologist refers for additional examinations and consultation with other specialists, for example, an otolaryngologist and an ophthalmologist, to find out the causes and select correct treatment. Therapeutic methods vary depending on the diagnosis; usually, a course of massage and medication is prescribed to restore the functioning of the nervous system.

It is important to begin the course of hearing and vision restoration as early as possible, preferably before the first six months of life. After the first year, treatment no longer gives such positive results, and neurology progresses faster, leading to disability. In severe cases of disorders of nervous and mental functions, treatment is aimed at improving the current condition.

It is extremely important during treatment to maintain proper nutrition for the child; if the mother is breastfeeding, it is necessary to choose only natural products, avoiding ready-made meals with the addition of artificial flavors and taste enhancers. Also, during breastfeeding, you can use additional sources of minerals and vitamins (dietary supplements). Omega-3 supplements have a positive effect on brain development and the nervous system.

In addition to a healthy diet, neurology in children under one year old requires stimulation of development in various ways - for example, reading fairy tales and walks in the fresh air, encouragement physical activity. These simple steps have a positive effect on mental abilities and help the body cope with all disorders and the causes of their occurrence.

The most common pathologies of the central nervous system in children under one year of age include the so-called perinatal encephalopathy. A pediatric neurologist (neurologist) is involved in identifying abnormalities and pathologies of the child’s nervous system.
. The development of perinatal encephalopathy in an infant can be provoked by entanglement of the fetal neck with the umbilical cord during pregnancy, premature placental stratum, prolonged or premature labor, and general anesthesia during childbirth.

Various pathologies of the child’s central and peripheral nervous system must be taken seriously. By promptly contacting pediatric neurologist
at the slightest sign of a disorder of the nervous system in a child, severe developmental consequences can be avoided. If a pediatric neurologist
does not diagnose in a timely manner and does not prescribe a course of treatment for a child with certain disorders of the nervous system, then inaction can lead, at a minimum, to a delay in the speech and psychomotor apparatus.

Pediatric neurologist
must necessarily examine the child when the first signs of pathology appear nervous system, to which include the following symptoms (may appear immediately after birth or several months later): 1. Hands and chin shake violently at the slightest excitement, crying and even sometimes in a calm state; 2.

As noted by pediatric neurologists
,severe lesions of the nervous system are easily diagnosed and are much less common than mild lesions (especially in the first year after the birth of the child). Minor pathologies of the nervous system are much more difficult to diagnose, but early detection disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system and the subsequent complex of treatment allow you to avoid dangerous consequences perinatal brain damage to the child. It is extremely important that within the first few weeks after birth, the child is examined by a specialist - a pediatric neurologist.
.

According to recent statistics, more than 50% of childhood disability is associated with pathologies of the nervous system, 70% of which appear during pregnancy and in the first month after the birth of the child (perinatal period). Pathologies of the nervous system during the perinatal period cause the development of perinatal encephalopathy, minimal brain dysfunction syndrome (lately referred to as ADHD).

Untimely treatment of these nervous system disorders can lead to excessive irritability, impulsiveness of the child, and poor performance at school. Later, lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system can lead to various diseases of the musculoskeletal system, motor awkwardness, severe headaches, syndrome autonomic dysfunction.

During examination, pediatric neurologist
collects the developmental characteristics and illnesses of the child from the moment of birth. The specialist also analyzes information about how the last weeks of pregnancy proceeded, how the birth went, and what diseases the mother suffered in the last month of pregnancy. If any signs and symptoms of a nervous system disorder are detected in a child, the pediatric neurologist prescribes additional tests - ultrasound (USG), fundus examination, EEG, ultrasound doppler (Doppler), brainstem auditory evoked potentials, MRI (in rare cases). After analyzing the research results, the neurologist prescribes and monitors specific treatment.

In the first month of a child’s life, intensive maturation and development of brain structures, mental and motor functions occur. The sooner a pathology of the nervous system is identified and an appropriate course of treatment is prescribed, the higher the likelihood of avoiding dangerous consequences for the child’s health. Today in the arsenal of a pediatric neurologist
There are many different methods for treating both severe and mild pathologies of the nervous system.

Many modern medical centers are equipped with the latest equipment for diagnosing diseases of the nervous system, developing and using effective techniques manual and emotional therapy to avoid, if possible, the use of chemotherapy drugs that have side effects. Here are some techniques that chiropractors and pediatric osteopaths use to treat pathologies of the nervous system in children: 1.

Visceral manual therapy. Restoration of mobility and normal functioning of organs.2. Vertebroneurology (soft technique of pediatric manual therapy). This technique is based on working with ligaments and muscles at a slow pace with stretching of spasmodic, tense areas.3. Craniosacral therapy.

Normalization, alignment of the functioning of the bones of the child’s skull. When the movement of the skull bones is displaced or disrupted, the movement of brain fluid and blood flow are disrupted and, as a result, brain function deteriorates, intracranial pressure increases, the ventricles of the brain expand (dropsy), and headaches intensify.

This technique is very relevant for young children.4. Emotional techniques. Very relevant for behavioral disorders and various neuroses in children. Emotional techniques are associated with the impact on channel-meridian and stress points, with the emotional state.5. Working with muscles to relax them.

Pediatric neurologist
also deals with the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic and infectious lesions of the nervous system, tumors, cerebral palsy, diseases of the autonomic nervous system, convulsive conditions (for example, epilepsy in children), chromosomal and hereditary diseases of the nervous system, related to nervous diseases (endocrinological, orthopedic, psychiatric illnesses).

At an older age, see a pediatric neurologist
should be contacted if the following symptoms occur: 1. Frequent headache2. Piercing pain in the back3. Memory and attention problems4. Disorders of spinal functions at different levels5. Decreased concentration6. Panic attacks 7. Delayed rate of speech development, writing, sound pronunciation8. Diseases of peripheral nerves (neuropathy, neuralgia)9. Fast fatiguability

Routine examination of the child by a pediatric neurologist
: At three months At six months At nine months At 1 year After a year - a mandatory annual examination by a neurologist
.

The following childhood neurological lesions are distinguished: 1. As a consequence of toxic disorders2. Hereditary, genetic3. Infectious4. Hypoxic lesions 5. As a result of traumatic lesions6. Epilepsy (post-traumatic and hereditary)7. Specific syndromes (including combinations of the above-mentioned lesions of the nervous system)

The list of neurological diseases is quite wide and does not depend on age and gender; these diseases are recognized as the most common. Functional disorders with this type of pathology can form anywhere in the body.

A little about headaches

Chronic malaise, as it is commonly called headache, is one of the leading places in terms of prevalence among children. In many cases, it is considered a symptom indicating a number of diseases - from common ophthalmological to brain tumors. Having a persistent headache ̶ alarm signal, which may indicate serious problems and neurological abnormalities developing in the child
.

Encephalitis, meningitis

They are diagnosed when the brain is damaged and are included in the list of neurological diseases for determining disability. The soft membranes of the brain are exposed to harmful agents of a bacterial or viral nature.

Unfortunately, no one can be immune from these diseases. Such diagnoses are also made for newborns, and the cause in this case is an infection suffered during pregnancy. The danger of brain damage lies in complications: progressive dementia and conditions leading to disability. Delayed treatment can lead to cerebral edema and death.

Types of research

The neurologist will, if necessary, refer the patient to undergo additional examinations:

Magnetic resonance imaging is prescribed for disturbances of consciousness, hallucinations, and pain;
Dopplerography is indicated for migraines and dizziness;
electroneuromyography - for paralysis or paresis, as well as sudden pain.
computed tomography helps determine the location and nature of the pathology;
ultrasonography various organs depending on the patient’s complaints;
positron emission tomography, which is used to diagnose injuries and consequences of diseases;
echoencephalography is used to identify brain pathologies;
neurosonography is used to study the brain of newborns;
Craniography reveals bone fractures in the skull and birth defects.

The specific type of examination to be prescribed is determined by the attending physician, depending on the presence of symptoms. Treatment of neurological diseases and their prevention is his prerogative. Making decisions on your own about treatment or undergoing research is not recommended.

Children's neurological diseases: list and description

Enuresis or urinary incontinence.
Very common in young boys and manifests itself in decreased control at night. Child neurologists call the reasons for this condition: family quarrels, stress, constant punishment of the child.
Various neuroses,
which occupy a leading place among all neurological disorders: fear of heights, darkness, loneliness and others;
stuttering. Most often found in boys. The reason is a strong shock in the form of fright or trauma, i.e. something that the child could not cope with on his own and there was a failure in the speech process.
Tiki
. There are motor types, they are expressed in twitching, blinking or shrugging; vocal - grunting, coughing; ritual - all actions performed in a certain sequence are repeated; generalized, which combine several types. The cause of tics lies in attention, as well as excessive care and stress.
Neurotic sleep disorders.
The prerequisites for the development of this condition are considered to be regular overwork in additional sections, at school and chronic stress.
Headache.
The presence of this symptom indicates the presence pathological process neurological orientation in the child’s body.
Attention deficit disorder.
It especially often manifests itself during school and can then continue into adulthood. Manifestations of the syndrome are anxiety, aggressiveness, negativism, and emotional lability.

The list and description of neurological diseases in childhood can be continued endlessly. In order to effectively treat pathologies of the nervous system, you should seek medical help in a timely manner. Partially helping to avoid these violations is finding a common language with the child, support and faith in his own strengths, leniency and patience, psychological favorable climate in family.

Summing up

The early age of an individual is especially important for the rest of his life, since it is during this period that the basic foundations for successful physical well-being are laid. Timely elimination of disorders or stabilization of conditions associated with pathological neurological problems will help you stay healthy.

Pediatric neurology
is a relatively young branch of medicine that originated at the intersection of two areas: neuropathology and pediatrics. However, it has become very important in the field of clinical disciplines.

This area is one of the most complex in medicine. It is in childhood that developmental deviations and various pathologies that affect the development of neuropsychic activity can begin to appear.

Of course, the work of a neurologist
in this area is incredibly responsible, because the child’s future life, his social adaptation, physical and mental health depend on his decision.

In this article we will look at several of the most common diseases, as well as their diagnosis and treatment methods. We will identify the most common neurological diseases in children.

TBI and back injuries

Traumatic brain injuries include compression, concussion, or contusion of the brain. As a consequence of TBI, a child may develop asthenic syndrome, characterized by fatigue, irritability, isolation and self-doubt. Also, the patient often develops vegetative dystonia syndrome, which includes arterial hypertension, sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension and impaired thermoregulation.

Spinal cord injuries are divided into contusion and compression. With a bruise, persistent neurological disorders such as paralysis, anesthesia and various pelvic disorders can be observed. Another serious consequence of injury is impaired urination.

Microcephaly

This disease is characterized by a significant reduction in the skull, which affects the size of the brain. As a result, the child may experience mental deficiency to one degree or another. The disease may be congenital, or it may appear in the first years of a child’s life. This is a fairly serious defect that affects the functioning of the brain and central nervous system. In some cases, microcephaly can lead to mental retardation.

Also, with this disease, in addition to mental retardation, defects in speech and motor skills may appear, caused by muscle spasms or paralysis.

Microcephaly

Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome

The manifestations of this neurological syndrome in children consist of manifestations of motor restlessness, emotional instability and sleep disturbances. Upon examination, an increase in congenital reflexes, an increase in reflex excitability, pathological movements and a decrease in the threshold of convulsive readiness can be detected.

This syndrome occurs in children with birth injuries, unfavorable course of the intrauterine period, genetic abnormalities, hereditary enzyme disorders and others. The syndrome is not accompanied by a delay in mental development, the deviations are well within the framework of physiological fluctuations.

In the future, as the child grows, there may be disturbances of attention, inhibition and short temper, emotionality, and spasmodic development of cognitive functions. Children with this syndrome have vivid motor, emotional and sensory responses to external stimuli, but they quickly become depleted.

This syndrome is based on an increase in intracranial pressure with expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the skull as a result of excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in them. The syndrome has the right to exist only in the presence of clinical manifestations; ultrasound data on ventricular dilatation alone is not enough.

Increased intracranial pressure may manifest as hydrocephalus with increased head growth and bulging of the fontanel. There is a disproportion between the cerebral and facial skulls.

Clinical manifestations of ICP:

"brain" scream;
eye rolling;
vomiting and severe regurgitation;
mental development disorder.

This syndrome accompanies many neurological and somatic diseases of the child and indicates damage to brain tissue with irritation of special areas of the brain. Depending on age, it manifests itself as local or generalized convulsions of the facial muscles, eyes, and limbs.

Convulsions can be tonic or clonic, moving from one part of the body to another, or affecting the entire body. Accompanied by biting the tongue or breathing problems, passing urine and stool. There may be local convulsions such as grimacing, smacking or chewing.

This syndrome is based on rapid neuropsychic exhaustion as a result of exposure to strong stimuli - physical or psychological (stress, emotions, stress, illness).

In this case, there is a violation of active attention, emotional instability, disturbances in the process play activity and manipulation with objects, the predominance of hyperactivity or, conversely, physical inactivity.

Depending on the load, it can manifest itself in varying degrees of exhaustion of nervous processes at different times of the year or under different types of load.

The manifestations of symptoms intensify towards the end of the day, children are weather dependent, and the manifestations are aggravated by colds or chronic diseases. There may be a delay in psychomotor development, especially with hypoexcitability and apathy.

Nervous disorders in children in the modern world are occurring more and more often. It's connected with various factors: the heavy workload that children receive in educational institutions, insufficient communication with parents who are busy at work, the high standards that society sets. It is important to recognize warning signs in time and begin working with the child. Otherwise, it can lead to serious mental problems in the future.

Nervous diseases can manifest themselves at any age, but the increased risk occurs during periods of age-related crises:

3-4 years;
6-7 years;
13-18 years old.

At a young age, a child cannot always tell what is bothering him. During this period, parents should be alert to such uncharacteristic signs as:

Frequent whims and irritability;
Fast fatiguability;
Increased emotionality and vulnerability;
Stubbornness and protests;
Feeling of constant tension and discomfort;
Closedness.

The child may begin to experience difficulties with speech, even if up to this time he had a good vocabulary. He may also begin to show interest in one particular area: playing with only one toy, reading only one book, drawing the same shapes. Moreover, his games become for him real reality, so parents can notice how excited the child is at this time.

When a child attends school, he or she may additionally exhibit signs such as:

Decreased appetite;
Sleep disturbance;
Dizziness;
Frequent overwork.

It is difficult for a child to concentrate and perform mental activity to the fullest.

Symptoms of nervous disorders in adolescent children are the most severe. An unstable psyche during this period leads to the fact that they may experience:

Impulsiveness. Even little things can make them angry;
Feeling of constant anxiety and fear;
Fear of surrounding people;
Self-hatred. Often teenagers dislike their own appearance;
Frequent insomnia;
Hallucinations.

Physiological manifestations may include severe headaches, abnormal blood pressure, signs of asthma, etc. The worst thing is that in the absence of timely treatment, a disturbed psyche can cause suicidal thoughts.

Age-related neurological pathologies

Neurosis in a child, as in an adult, is divided into several types depending on the symptoms present. Nervous system disorders in children can take the following forms:

Nervous tic. It occurs quite often and is expressed in the form of involuntary movements of parts of the body: cheeks, eyelids, shoulders, hands. The child cannot control them, however, they arise during periods of his exciting or tense state. The nervous tic disappears when the child is very passionate about something;
Stuttering. A young patient begins to experience difficulty speaking due to spasms of the muscles responsible for this activity. Stuttering is especially intensified during periods of excitement or in the presence of an external stimulus;
Asthenic neurosis. The cause of this type of disease is the large amount of stress that falls on the child’s psyche. As a result, he may suffer from frequent and sudden mood swings, increased irritability and moodiness, lack of appetite and feelings of nausea;
Obsessive neurosis. It can be expressed both in constantly arising thoughts of an alarming or frightening nature, and in frequently repeated movements. The child can rock, turn his head, move his arms, and scratch his head.
Anxiety neurosis. Children are just learning about the world around them, so some things can frighten them, sometimes developing a real phobia in them. Most often, fears lie in the dark, loud noises, heights, strangers;
Sleep neurosis. The child has difficulty falling asleep and often suffers from nightmares. All this leads to the fact that the baby does not get enough sleep and constantly feels tired;
Hysteria. It occurs against the background of some emotional experience. The child cannot cope with his feelings and tries to attract the attention of others by crying loudly, lying on the floor, throwing objects;
Enuresis. In this case, neurosis is expressed in urinary incontinence. But it is important to take into account that this phenomenon before the child reaches 4-5 years of age may not be informative in the diagnosis of mental disorders;
Eating behavior. Children often express increased food selectivity. But if this sign appears unexpectedly, then you should pay attention to it. Perhaps it was preceded by a disturbance in the child’s psyche. Excessive food consumption may also indicate more than just risk excess weight, but also about the presence of neurosis;
Nervous allergies. It is characterized by the fact that it is very difficult to determine the source of the body's reaction.

Depending on the child’s condition, he may experience signs of several types of neurosis at once, for example, sleep disturbances and obsessive thoughts.

Prevention

Prevention of nervous disorders is important not only for children who have already encountered this problem. Every parent should be aware that the child’s psyche is not as formed as that of an adult, and therefore is susceptible to various destabilizing factors.

In order to prevent the occurrence of neurological disorders in a child, it is important to observe the following measures:

Listen to his emotions. It is important not to miss the moment when he needs support or simple attention;
Assess the child's emotional potential. A lot of attention is not always the best solution. Children should also have their own personal space;
Talk to him. Don't be afraid to tell your child about your feelings and thoughts. And, of course, it is important to teach him to give feedback;
Build trust. The child should know that parents are always ready to listen to him and accept him, even if he has made a mistake;
Create conditions for unlocking its potential. If a child has a craving for drawing, then you should not prohibit him from doing this activity, citing the fact that, for example, sports are a more interesting activity.

In general, parents simply must learn to love and understand their child, and it does not matter how old he is, 1 year old or 18. If this is difficult to do on your own, then you can seek help from psychological books, seminars, or directly from specialists in this field.

Causes of neurological diseases and their symptoms

The main problem of pediatric neurology is perinatal lesions of the nervous system. The perinatal period begins at 22 weeks of gestation and ends 7 days after birth. During this very important period for mother and fetus, a variety of factors can influence it.

Last month before childbirth and health are very dependent on external factors: late toxicosis; nicotine; taking drugs; stress; infections - all this is a lot for the body of the unborn baby, these are harmful factors. For example, even minor stress in the mother during pregnancy leads to an oversaturation of the child’s bones with calcium.

As labor approaches, the bones of the fetus harden; the result is a painful birth for the mother and difficulty for the baby during its passage through birth canal. It is also undeniable that today the number of stresses in a person’s life is growing according to geometric progression.

The functioning of the nervous system can be disrupted even in the prenatal period. Therefore, a neurologist examines the child in the first weeks of life and immediately after birth.

If the mother’s birth was pathological and the child was born in asphyxia, forceps were applied and other obstetric manipulations were performed, this will definitely affect the nervous system. Many researchers in the West consider current childbirth to be non-physiological.

The only neurologist who studied newborns during the perinatal period spoke about this in the book - A.Yu. Ratner Neurology of Newborns. This monograph describes the injuries that become inevitable for the baby during obstetric manipulations.

Also A.Yu. Ratner, all neurologists, osteopaths and massage therapists insist that during childbirth the most vulnerable place in the fetus is the neck and shoulder girdle. They are under maximum stress. This is the border between the spinal cord and the brain.

Here are the structures that orient a person in space; are responsible for biorhythms, breathing, and providing the body with energy. They are laid later than everyone else and continue to mature in the perinatal up to 3 years. They are called block I of the brain.

This is why it is so important to treat pathology of the nervous system in the first year of life. If a baby’s neck is injured, this will manifest itself as muscle spasms in the neck area; the neck will be recessed into the shoulders.

Such babies do not like to lie on their stomach - it hurts; It’s hard for them to hold their head up, it falls and sticks its nose down. This happens because when you raise your head, your neck and shoulders reflexively tense.

Such babies often have sleep disturbances; rickets occurs more often. At an older age, they will suffer from headaches because the spasticity of the muscles in that area will persist.

Vessels feeding the brain pass through 1 block and this will also be reflected on it. This clearly demonstrates how great importance is attached to neurological disorders in the first 3 years of life, with emphasis on the first year. Detachment of the child's place, the speed of labor in any direction, and anesthesia during childbirth also have a negative effect.

Children with retardation may lag behind in society, basic skills, be inadequate, emotionally unstable, etc. According to statistics, in 50% of cases a child is given a disability due to neurological diseases.

Moreover, 70% of diagnoses are related to the condition of a pregnant woman at 34-36 weeks and the health of the baby during the newborn period.

This is possible because it is in the first months of a newborn’s life that the brain actively develops and matures, it has more opportunities to adapt, and therefore the treatment will be most noticeably effective. If time is lost, one can only talk about meager rehabilitation opportunities. In other words, everything is fine on time.

When crying, the baby's chin trembles and his arms shake; sometimes this can be observed at rest.
The child is easily excitable.
The child does not fall asleep well, his sleep is superficial and he easily wakes up from the influence of external factors, for example, from the sound of a voice; is constantly capricious. Parents of such children should not try to create ideal ways at home to improve sleep, such as curtained windows, darkening, complete silence, whispering conversations - this is not the answer. All this will aggravate the situation and delay diagnosis.
Abundant and frequent regurgitation in infants, even with a small amount of food.
The appearance of seizures in a child even with low temperature.
Placed on piles of support, the baby curls his toes or stands on tiptoes, like a ballerina.
Older children may experience: frequent headaches, which can be prolonged.
Fainting conditions.
Pain and shooting in the back.
Disturbances in performing normal movements at different levels of the spinal column.
Absent-mindedness, inability to attract attention, memory impairment.
Apathy, lethargy, fatigue, no interest in the environment.
Doesn't have contact with peers.
Bad dream.
Panic attacks against the background of complete well-being.
Neuralgia and signs of peripheral nerve damage.
Spontaneous twitching of various muscles.
Enuresis in children 5-6 years old.
Hyperactivity.
Delayed speech, mastering writing, decreased intelligence.

Preventive examinations:

In children under one year of age, examination every 3 months; if there are violations monthly.
Then examination in the pre-school period - 4 - 5 years.
In the primary school period - 7 years;
13-14 years - puberty.

All medical examinations are necessary for the early detection of pathologies in order not to lead them to a serious condition. Also, early detection of psychomotor deficiency and mental retardation is possible.

Therefore, most of the neurological diagnoses made to children by neurologists in the clinic during the next routine examination have little in common with real diseases.

The worst thing is if the doctor prescribes medications to the child to eliminate neurological symptoms, which, by and large, exist only on paper.

Komarovsky considers drug treatment to be effective only for children in the first month of life, if they actually have serious problems during childbirth. Then even they are only shown massage and physiotherapy.

Diagnostic measures

Diagnostic methods for suspicious symptoms include:

Ultrasound with Dopplerography of cerebral vessels;
fundus examination;
MRI (in extreme cases).

During admission, the following must be checked:

visual reflexes;
muscle tone and strength;
conditional and unconditioned reflexes;
sensitivity and its loss are determined;
coordination in space;
cognitive cognitive functions.

TO additional methods studies include assessment of hearing, brain stem, and speech apparatus. Since many problems are often of a polyetiological nature, treatment is carried out together with other specialists.

Neurological problems

- a diagnosis that Russian clinics love to give to children.
Then, when it really is, the child needs urgent hospitalization, and not home treatment tablets, says Komarovsky. If a child is cheerful, alert, active, and sociable, there is no need to treat intracranial pressure, since with a high degree of probability there is none at all.

The most common complaint with which parents turn to a pediatric neurologist is the child’s pain.

In most cases, this is where the search for a disease begins, which will most likely be found.

Very active children are considered sick, they are immediately diagnosed with “hyperactivity”, calm and slow children are also considered unhealthy, they are labeled “lethargy”, and they try to explain poor sleep and appetite with neurological problems. There is no need to do this, says Evgeny Komarovsky, since real neurological diseases are rare, and they sound menacing; probiotics and gymnastics do not treat them.

These include epilepsy, cerebral palsy, neuroses of varying severity, Parkinson's disease, encephalopathy, pathological involuntary nervous tics and other conditions, many of which are congenital.

There is no need to compare your child with other children and the theoretical norms for the development of children.
Your child is a personality that develops in accordance with its internal “settings”; they are purely individual.

A pediatric neurologist is very important specialist, which deals with the observation of the central and peripheral nervous system of a child, from birth to 18 years of age. What does a pediatric neurologist treat and what does a pediatric neurologist do? The primary task of this specialist is periodic observations of the stages of formation and development of the nervous system of a small patient, during which many progressive pathologies can be prevented.

Today, there are many different diseases of the nervous system that differ from each other, which are classified according to a certain order. Let's list the main lesions of the nervous system and answer the question - what does a pediatric neurologist treat.

Pathology associated with infection caused by exposure to harmful viruses and bacteria. A newborn baby is most susceptible to such infectious disease due to insufficiently developed immunity. That is why doctors do not recommend that parents visit crowded establishments with a small child.
Epilepsy. It can be formed either as a result of injury or congenitally. Consultation and treatment with a neurologist are simply mandatory here.
Diseases associated with severe bruises of the head area, traumatic injuries.
Toxic pathology. Some drugs and medicines, namely their incorrect prescription and use, can provoke such damage to the nervous system.
Genetic pathology. Passed on from parents or relatives due to appropriate heredity.
Hypoxia, which in turn was observed in utero in the fetus.

Neurology is usually called pathologies of the nervous system, although in reality it is a science that studies them. Pathological phenomena of the nervous system should never be left without the attention of doctors! Neurology in children - especially. Diseases of the nervous system lead to severe consequences, because the most optimistic diagnosis when ignoring the disease is a delay in the development of the speech and psychomotor apparatus. This may be followed by hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. Such children are on the verge of neuroses, nervous tics and inappropriate behavior.

Some signs of neurology in children appear quite eloquently, so sleep disturbances, a shaking chin or arms, legs, frequent regurgitation, tucking up the toes in a standing position should alert parents. These symptoms are a reason to contact a pediatric neurologist. However, neurological symptoms in children may be vague, but if it is difficult for parents to notice them, then an experienced neurologist will be able to draw the right conclusions.

Fortunately, neurology in infants in most cases can be corrected and treated. The doctor must carefully analyze the features of the baby’s lifestyle, starting with monitoring the mother’s pregnancy. If the neurology of premature babies or infants with pathologies has an unclear etymology, then additional studies are prescribed. The child’s parents are offered to conduct an examination of the baby’s fundus, ultrasound, Doppler, and EEG. In extreme cases, an MRI may be required.

In the first months of a baby’s life, the brain develops very actively, its structures mature, as do mental and motor functions. It is for this reason that it is very important to make a diagnosis as early as possible and prescribe effective treatment.

Combination methods are often used as treatment, combining medications, the clinical effectiveness of which has already been proven, and massages, physical therapy, and physiotherapy. In addition, modern neurologists are constantly expanding their arsenal with new methods of neurological rehabilitation: computer speech programs, methods for improving movement coordination, cerebellar stimulation, etc.

In order to be confident in the health of their child, parents should visit a neurologist once every three months until they reach one year of age. Then the inspection is carried out annually. 10 days ago

Every day the child interacts with the environment, that is, he grows and develops, which is necessarily controlled by the nervous system. This explains the importance of the role assigned to it in the child’s body. The slightest disturbance in the functioning of the nervous system can result in unpleasant neurological diseases, which are very common in childhood. The lack of understanding of parents about the symptoms of such disorders contributes to untimely contact with a specialist and delayed initiation of therapy, which is unacceptable.

Photo: Disturbances in the child’s nervous system

Neurological diseases are recognized as pathologies in which there is a disruption in the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

When can violations be noticed?

The appearance of the first signs of one of the neurological diseases can be noted in early infancy. Regular crying of a baby should be the first signal for parents, prompting them to immediately visit a specialist. Instead, most mothers and fathers prefer to attribute this behavior of the baby to banal capriciousness. But we all know that babies can cry for several reasons: due to improper care and illness.

Photo: The whims of a baby

As a child gets older, tantrums can be a common reaction to difficult situations and difficulties encountered along the way. Parents are again trying to isolate themselves from the problem, blaming the child’s obnoxious character. Of course, in such cases, do not go to the doctor. In fact, it is a mistake to attribute all kinds of behavioral disturbances in a child of any age to character traits. More often, the problem lies in something more complex, for example, neurosis, which only a qualified specialist can identify.

What are the consequences of delay?

The NS is comparable to a clock mechanism: if a small part fails, full operation will be disrupted. If a child has a neurological problem, and even in an advanced form, complications may soon appear. The most optimistic of them is a disruption in the functioning of the psychomotor apparatus. If you continue to do nothing, the child may become hyperactive and develop attention deficit disorder, or even become hostage to a nervous tic. In this case, the child’s behavior becomes really complex, in some cases even inadequate.

Photo: Crying child

Reasons for the development of pathology

Even experienced doctors cannot predict how the nervous system will respond to negative external influences. TO possible reasons Violations of the normal psycho-emotional state of a child include:

hereditary factor; brain tumors; diseases of internal organs of a chronic nature; low immunity; traumatic brain injuries; infections; reaction to taking medications.

This is not a complete list. According to some reports, even the environmental situation and gender can affect the state of the nervous system.

Risk group

Doctors identify a group of children who are more susceptible to neurological disorders than others. First of all, these are children with too low or, on the contrary, inflated self-esteem. Even at a very early age, it is difficult for them to develop normally in society, which is why they become withdrawn. This group also includes children with signs of individualism, anxious and touchy. Often neurological diseases overtake children with a high degree of suggestibility and too timid.

Unwanted children can also be considered a risk group.

Photo: Premature baby

Neurological diseases in children: symptoms

Photo: Child examined by a doctor

Infants must undergo examinations by a neurologist, which makes it possible to identify the disease at an early stage and begin its treatment as early as possible. Missing an appointment with the doctor is unacceptable!

Obvious manifestations of a nervous disorder include:

nervous tic;
obsessive states;
fears;
speech disorder;
tearfulness and hysterics;
loss of appetite or complete refusal of food;
stuttering;
enuresis;
insomnia;
hypochondria;
fainting;
impaired coordination of movements;
tingling in different parts of the body.

Parents should pay attention to the child's condition if he constantly or with noticeable regularity complains of dizziness, tinnitus and problems with swallowing. Increased fatigue for no apparent reason should also be a concern.

Having noticed one, and especially several signs in their child, parents should immediately go to see a pediatric neurologist. Consultation with a specialist is also recommended because often the symptoms presented do not indicate neurological problems at all, but diseases of the digestive tract, viral infection or problems with endocrine system. This is explained by the inextricable connection between the nervous system and the entire body.

Photo: Neurological problems The child has

A little about headaches

Chronic malaise, as headache is commonly called, occupies one of the leading places in terms of prevalence among children. In many cases, it is considered a symptom indicating a number of diseases - from common ophthalmological to brain tumors. The presence of a constant headache is an alarming signal that may indicate serious problems and neurological abnormalities developing in the child. If the pain is characterized by gradual intensification, localization on both sides of the head and dull nature, while the child’s appetite and sleep are disturbed, do not postpone the examination!

Photo: Child has a headache

In order for the treatment of neurological diseases to be more effective, parents should seek help in a timely manner. But first, you need to remember about constant monitoring of the child’s behavior and well-being, which are the main indicator of his condition.

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More on the topic “Neurology symptoms in infants”:

What manifestations of neurological disorders should you pay attention to?

Do infants have up to 28 days of life?

In a baby up to one year old

At a preschooler

At the schoolboy's

Treatment methods

Just born babies

From 1 to 12 months

Preschoolers and schoolchildren

Causes and consequences

Symptoms

Types of diseases

Prevention

Drugs

ethnoscience

What are the consequences of delay?

Reasons for the development of pathology

Risk group

Rehabilitation

A little about headaches

Encephalitis, meningitis

Types of research

Children's neurological diseases: list and description

Summing up

TBI and back injuries

Microcephaly

Microcephaly

Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome

Age-related neurological pathologies

Prevention

Causes of neurological diseases and their symptoms

Diagnostic measures

Neurological problems

When can violations be noticed?

What are the consequences of delay?

Reasons for the development of pathology

Risk group

Neurological diseases in children: symptoms

A little about headaches

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