Laryngeal edema in children. What measures to take

Swelling of the throat is not an independent nosological entity, but a manifestation of certain pathologies in the body.

Locations of throat swelling:

• Loose submucosal tissue of the larynx,
• Vestibular or aryepiglottic folds,
• arytenoid cartilages,
• Lingual surface of the larynx.

In adults, the vestibule of the larynx swells, and in children, the subglottic space swells. Typically, swelling of the throat is a one-sided pathology, often simulating a laryngeal abscess.

In a non-inflammatory pathological process, soft tissues are saturated with serous transudate, which separates the fibers, and in acute inflammation, an exudate containing a large number of red blood cells is formed. In case of injury or acute infectious disease, swelling of the throat spreads quite quickly to all layers of the larynx.

Throat swelling occurs:

1. Limited – slight increase in tissue,
2. Diffuse or diffuse - pronounced narrowing of the larynx, making breathing difficult.

Etiology

Swelling of the throat occurs in weakened individuals as a result of exposure to streptococcal toxins in the body. The risk group usually includes patients with diabetes, as well as malnourished patients with symptoms of uremia and vitamin deficiency.

Factors contributing to the development of throat swelling:

Pathological anatomy

Acute inflammation of the larynx during the rapid course of influenza, erysipelas, scarlet fever is accompanied by pronounced swelling of the throat, which also develops quickly and spreads to the entire submucosal layer from the vestibule of the larynx to the subglottic space.

Pathological signs of edematous are:

1. Redness of the mucous membrane,
2. Infiltration of the mucosa with leukocytes and lymphocytes,
3. Impregnation of the submucosal layer with serous transudate,
4. Activation of the mucous glands of the larynx.

Symptoms

Any pathology in which swelling of the throat may develop is initial stage manifested by mild discomfort in the throat area and minor. In the future, the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease depends on the rate of accumulation of inflammatory fluid in the soft tissues of the neck. The faster the lumen of the larynx narrows, the stronger it becomes, and hoarseness of the voice appears. As a result, an attack of suffocation may occur that is life-threatening. These symptoms are typical of a swollen throat caused by a cold or allergies.

Patients with a swollen throat complain of pain when swallowing and phonation, headache, fever, severe chills, difficulty breathing.

The mucous membrane of the throat is hyperemic, injected, the vocal cords take on the appearance of roller-like protrusions, the glottis is narrowed. During an attack of dry cough, the pain intensifies, and the infection quickly spreads to neighboring areas, which leads to the development of purulent complications. If left untreated, the pain radiates to the ear, the timbre of the voice changes, inspiratory shortness of breath appears, and vocal functions are significantly affected - aphonia develops. These signs of respiratory distress require tracheotomy in extreme cases.

Allergic swelling of the throat This pathology

develops when the body is exposed to certain allergens - food, dust, medicines, animal hair. Allergen,

Entered into the body by airborne droplets, it causes swelling of the soft tissues in the epiglottis area. If allergens penetrate the esophagus, the arytenoid cartilages swell.

• Characteristic features of allergic swelling of the throat:
• Developing rapidly
• Accompanied by loss of voice
• Is dangerous to human life,

Causes suffocation.

The mucous membrane of the hypopharynx is pale pink, translucent, gelatinous.

Infectious swelling of the throat

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, it is often complicated by laryngeal edema. This is especially true for the necrotic form of the disease. The walls of the larynx become inflamed, the throat canal narrows, and pain appears. Symptoms of throat swelling with:

1. acute infection
2. A sore throat,
3. Difficulty breathing,
4. hoarseness of voice,

Difficulty eating.

To correctly make a diagnosis, it is necessary to determine the location of the swelling, the rate at which the swelling increases and the degree of difficulty breathing.

Laryngeal edema develops quickly and often ends in asphyxia. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to treat a sore throat in a timely manner with medications prescribed by specialists.

The uvula swells during acute infections, allergies or injury.

• Hereditary angioedema of the uvula - quite a rare event, which is inherited and requires urgent medical attention.
• In case of allergies, swelling of the uvula is accompanied by local reactions - swelling of the throat, rash on the skin.
• With an acute infection, body temperature rises, hyperemia and sore throat appear. The main cause of swelling of the uvula is sore throat.

Swelling of the uvula is one of the symptoms of various pathologies that requires urgent consultation with a doctor. As the edema spreads to surrounding tissues, the symptoms of the disease intensify and the patient’s condition worsens.

Non-inflammatory swelling of the throat

Non-inflammatory swelling of the throat is the impregnation and separation of connective tissue fibers by transudate - a serous fluid that does not contain blood cells. It develops in patients with cardiac and renal pathology, oncology, allergies, hypofunction thyroid gland, as well as in malnourished individuals.

Non-inflammatory swelling of the throat usually covers the entire larynx, completely smoothes its contours, and has the appearance of a slightly hyperemic swelling.

Patients experience a sensation of a foreign object in the throat, hoarseness of the voice, and a change in timbre. They often choke on food and have difficulty breathing. The mucous membrane becomes translucent, yellowish or grayish, and its surface swells.

Swelling of the throat in children

Swelling of the throat in a child is a symptom of a number of childhood diseases: croup, laryngeal diphtheria, allergies, laryngospasm, retropharyngeal abscess, epiglottitis.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is carried out by an otorhinolaryngologist, based on the patient’s complaints, medical history, palpation and laryngoscopy data. Auxiliary research methods are bronchoscopy and radiography chest.

Laryngoscopic signs of throat edema: tumor-like formation of a gelatinous consistency, lack of contours of parts located in the area of ​​edema.

Direct laryngoscopy can worsen the patient's condition, lead to laryngeal spasm, result in asphyxia and death.

Laboratory diagnosis consists of conducting a general blood test, which reveals inflammatory changes - neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left.

Treatment

If the cause of throat swelling is an infectious pathology, then patients are prescribed antibiotics or sulfonamides. Symptomatic therapy consists of the use of antipyretic drugs, antihistamines and restoratives - vitamins.

With a fulminant course, swelling of the throat can lead to the development of acute asphyxia, requiring a tracheotomy.

Video: sore throat in a child - Doctor Komarovsky

Swelling during laryngitis is considered the most dangerous consequence similar pathology. This is due to the fact that due to swelling of the larynx, the lumen will be blocked, which provokes a lack of free inhalation of air and suffocation. Often this disease occurs in children under 5 years of age. It is important to know how to relieve swelling during laryngitis in order to promptly eliminate such an unfavorable consequence. In the presence of severe swelling there is a risk to life and therefore emergency medical care is required.

Why does the throat swell with laryngitis?

The disease develops as a result of a history of acute respiratory viral infection or adenovirus infection, bronchitis, pneumonia and as a result of allergies. Often the pathology manifests itself in childhood. This is due to the characteristics of the body, and directly to the fact that the child’s larynx is shorter and resembles a funnel in shape. In addition, the mucous membrane has a looser structure and better blood flow than in adults. These circumstances influence the presence of unpleasant symptoms.

Swelling of the larynx with laryngitis is called false croup. To know how to relieve throat swelling due to laryngitis, you need to identify the original causes that caused the pathology.

Common provoking factors of the disease:

• mechanical injuries after medical procedures;
• thermal burns from hot food products or chemicals;
• pathological processes.

The causes of swelling are divided into:

• inflammatory: sore throat, laryngitis, syphilis, scarlet fever, tuberculosis;
• non-inflammatory: diseases of cardio-vascular system, pathological processes of the liver, thyroid gland, allergic reaction, reaction to medications, including iodine, laryngeal growths.

Swelling is formed in each situation individually. Basically, it appears with unpleasant sensations in the throat, due to which the patient feels discomfort while breathing and swallowing.

Swelling of the throat symptoms and signs

Swelling with laryngitis is characterized by certain signs:

• The patient complains of malaise, chills, and high temperature.
• Rapid deterioration of condition (maximum three days).
• Feeling of a “lump” in the larynx, creating an obstacle to swallowing and dialogue.
• Continuous dry cough.
• Loss or change of voice.
• Painful sensations that radiate to the ear (phlegmon of the larynx).
• Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.
• During inhalation, the skin on the sternum is retracted.
• Due to oxygen starvation, lips and nails may turn blue.
• During examination of the larynx, a decrease in the lumen is noticeable.

A characteristic symptom of throat swelling during laryngitis will be hoarseness in the voice, a “barking” cough that gets worse at night, pain and tickling. Next, green sputum is released, indicating the presence of a viral infection.

How to relieve throat swelling with laryngitis

Therapy of the pathological process involves properly provided emergency care and the selected treatment method:

• Requires bed rest and hospitalization.
• Compliance with dietary nutrition, during which it is permissible to eat only liquid warm products, without spices or seasonings.
• Novocaine blockade inside the nose.
• Use of antihistamines and decongestants.
• Administration of injections of antibacterial agents.
• Inhalation with antibiotics in the presence of pathology will relieve swelling of the child’s throat.
• Oxygen therapy.
• Warming and compresses in situations where there is no suppuration.
• If therapy is ineffective, tracheotomy is performed.

How to relieve allergic swelling of the throat

Swelling of the throat is life-threatening, and given its likely rapid development, every person should know how to eliminate the pathology:

• Call doctors immediately.
• Rinse the patient's stomach when swelling is caused by ingestion of an irritant, including a drug, in food. Give a sorbent (activated carbon, Smecta, Atoxil).
• Pull out the sting or try to draw out the poison when the allergy is triggered by an insect bite. Apply a tourniquet.
• Place the patient on a flat surface and place the lower limbs above body level.
• The patient needs to unbutton his shirt near the throat and ensure air flow in the room.
• Ice is applied to the throat, as cold helps slow down the formation of swelling and prevents suffocation.
• Some vasoconstrictor drops may be instilled into the nose.
• The patient needs to take a pill or inject an intramuscular antihistamine.
• The patient should drink plenty of fluids, optimally taking regular drinking water without gas.
• In special situations, self-administration of glucocorticoids is acceptable.
• When the patient’s health has improved somewhat, it is permissible to take a warm bath for the lower extremities. It is forbidden to add various drugs to the water itself, since inhalation of vapors increases the symptoms of the disease.

How to treat laryngitis

Therapy for laryngitis should be carried out under the supervision of specialists. Their main task will be to restore proper breathing to the patient. For these purposes, injections of antihistamines are made intramuscularly, and when there is no result, corticosteroids are given. Then the patient is usually hospitalized, where he undergoes detoxification and dehydration treatment through parenteral administration:

• calcium gluconate solution;
• glucose solution;
• ascorbic acid solution;
• furosemide;
• veroshpiron;
• bumetanide.

When conservative therapy does not give the expected results and it is not possible to eliminate the stenosis of the respiratory tract, the patient will be subjected to surgical intervention– tracheotomy. The essence of such an operation is to make a small incision in the larynx below the location of the edema. Through this manipulation, normal breathing is achieved.

Pharmacy products

Often, in the presence of such unpleasant symptoms, a layer of viral infection is observed, so therapy must be adjusted. The treatment course will include:

• antibacterial agents;
• sulfonamides (due to the presence of a predisposition to allergic reactions are used only if they are not available during use);
• antipyretic drugs;
• expectorants;
• mucolytics;
• cold remedies;
• rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions;
• restorative drugs;
• mineral complexes.

A patient who has at least once experienced an attack of such a disease should have antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil) nearby, and if he is predisposed to complex attacks, glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone).

Folk remedies

Traditional therapy for inflammation of the larynx should be used with extreme caution. Essential oils, honey and other components can provoke allergies, therefore, only methods with a low probability of sensitization can be used as an auxiliary treatment or during remission:

• Boil the potatoes in their skins, cool, then sit over the pan and breathe over it for a few minutes.
• Potato and carrot juices are squeezed out and mixed in equal proportions. Rinse the mouth 2 times a day ready-made remedy and take 100 g twice a day.
• Add 1 tsp to a glass of water. soda, then the mouth should be rinsed 3 times a day for up to 5 days during an exacerbation.
• Boil in a water bath in 500 g of water 1 liter. eucalyptus leaves or chamomile flowers, then breathe over the steam for about 15 minutes.

How to avoid getting laryngitis

To prevent the occurrence of unpleasant symptoms, you must follow the following medical instructions:

• Avoid smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Adverse habits only increase irritation and swelling of the larynx and worsen the defensive function of the throat mucosa.
• Maintaining voice mode. When applying partial or complete silence, laryngitis will most likely disappear.
• Maintain an appropriate microclimate in your home. The temperature should be in the range of 20 to 26 degrees, and humidity - 50-60%.
• Establish a plentiful drinking regime. In case of an acute pathological process, it is optimal to drink more liquid, mineral water, and sugar-free teas from hypoallergenic plants. This provides the opportunity to “saturate” the body with moisture. In addition, it helps to moisturize the throat mucosa, which reduces unpleasant symptoms.
• Adhere to a diet that excludes food products that irritate the throat. To avoid injury to the mucous membrane and prevent the formation of pharyngitis if there is inflammation in the larynx, it is optimal to eat boiled, stewed, and thoroughly crushed foods.

What is dangerous swelling of the throat with laryngitis?

When unpleasant symptoms have formed due to influenza or scarlet fever, its intensity will rapidly increase. When swelling appears in combination with tuberculous laryngitis, the formation will be slow (several days), but painful. The main and most dangerous adverse consequence of such a disease will be rapid suffocation and, as a result, death. However, with timely assistance provided, the prognosis will be positive. The main thing in this situation is a quick response and seeking recommendations from qualified specialists.

Edema laryngitis, in most cases, manifests itself due to a large amount of toxic substances produced as a result of activities pathogenic microflora(streptococci). There is a high probability of the formation of a similar pathology in people suffering from diabetes, ARVI, scarlet fever, vitamin deficiency, since their body is extremely weakened due to infection. In this regard, it is necessary to immediately seek help from doctors when initial symptoms appear. Timely therapy significantly increases the patient’s chances of a speedy recovery.

Diseases of the ENT organs are most often diagnosed in young patients. According to available statistics, a child with normal immunity suffers illnesses of this nature up to four times a year. You should not take them lightly, because some of them can cause serious complications that are life-threatening for the baby. What symptoms are accompanied by laryngitis? Does treatment (drugs + inhalations) really help overcome the disease? The answers to these and other questions can be found by reading our article.

Laryngitis is understood as a fairly serious disease that occurs as a reaction of a fragile child’s body to many viral pathologies. Most often, children aged 3 to 6 years suffer from this disease. It is at this age that a child enters a new group (for example, a kindergarten), where he encounters viruses and bacteria every day. If this is combined with “suitable” weather conditions, then the chance of getting sick increases several times.

The younger the patient is, the more dangerous the course of the disease. If in an adult it is accompanied only by temporary discomfort, then in children under three years of age there is a risk of the onset of the so-called croup syndrome, that is, a narrowing of the lumen in the larynx. To minimize such negative consequences, parents should know the symptoms of laryngitis in children and be able to act correctly during the next attack of the disease.

The disease can occur in both acute and chronic forms. The first option is characterized by a rapid course (from seven to nine days). With chronic laryngitis, symptoms of the disease can last up to three weeks or more.

Laryngitis is an irritation of the laryngeal mucosa, causing inflammation or even swelling. This condition may be accompanied by cough, loss of voice, and fever. Sometimes the inflammatory process moves to the upper parts of the trachea. In this case we are talking about laryngotracheitis.

The disease very often develops in young children. This is due to the fact that the child’s laryngeal mucosa is loose, so any irritants from the outside very easily enter it, causing swelling. With age, the mucous membranes become denser; the disease laryngitis in children after three years of age is diagnosed several times less often.

The inflammatory process in the larynx can be caused by the following reasons:

1. Viral infections. Bacteria, affecting the area of ​​the upper respiratory tract, constantly accumulate near the vocal cords, provoking a protective reaction from the tissues of the larynx itself.
2. The use of sprays in the treatment of ENT diseases. Even if there are no restrictions on use in the instructions for the drug, you should use this product with extreme caution. A stream of medicine, when sprayed with a certain force, affects the nerve endings of the mucous membrane, which can lead to the appearance of involuntary spasm, resulting in swelling.
3. Predisposition. The vulnerability of the laryngeal mucosa is often the result of a woman’s health problems during pregnancy or may be hereditary. This pathology most often occurs in late pregnancies, when the expectant mother adheres to strict diets while carrying a baby or, conversely, abuses fats and carbohydrates. Such children need to be given special attention in the event of infectious diseases.
4. Severe stress. In young children, the psyche is not yet fully formed, so some situations can cause serious nervous shock. In some cases, it manifests itself as loss of voice due to spasms.
5. Contact with allergens. Food products, household chemicals, pet hair - all these factors can cause inflammation of the throat mucosa, or more precisely, allergic laryngitis.

How does the disease manifest in children?

The usual course of laryngitis begins with the appearance of discharge from the sinuses, a dry cough, and a hoarse voice. The disease can manifest itself as single attacks of suffocation or periodically recurring states of difficulty breathing.

Pathology, as a rule, occurs suddenly, often in the morning. This situation is aggravated by the fear of the child, who fell asleep while still completely healthy. Nervous excitement in children is directly related to respiratory function, so first of all, parents should try to calm the baby.

Distinguish following symptoms laryngitis in children:

• Temperature increase.
• Heavy, shallow breathing.
• Hoarse voice.
• Dry cough.
• Constant burning sensation/pain when swallowing.
• The skin around the mouth becomes bluish - this is a clear sign beginning suffocation.
• Slight runny nose.

Even if the symptoms of the disease in a child are mild, you should seek help from a pediatrician and begin treatment immediately.

The acute form of the disease occurs spontaneously. Even in the evening the child feels absolutely healthy, plays and has fun. The next morning the picture changes dramatically: hoarse voice, the temperature rises to 39 degrees. The condition is deteriorating very quickly. Begin serious problems with breathing, it becomes difficult for the baby to speak. Otherwise, this condition is called first-degree stenosis.

In the second degree, symptoms intensify. Shortness of breath is now becoming permanent. The baby becomes overly excited and sleep is disturbed. The skin around the mouth turns pale, then begins to turn blue. This condition can last from three to five days.

The third degree of stenosis is characterized by breathing disorders. The child becomes drowsy and lethargic, and the heart rate increases.

Asphyxia is considered the extreme degree of stenosis. This condition may lead to deep coma. The temperature with laryngitis in this case either drops to normal or drops to critical levels. Breathing becomes very frequent, and at times disappears altogether.

Frequently occurring inflammatory processes in the larynx can lead to the development chronic form of this disease. It is usually diagnosed in older children. Repeated inflammation leads to pathologies of the laryngeal tissues.

Young patients usually complain of discomfort in this area and mild tingling. As a rule, there are no breathing difficulties. The cough is wet, but the mucus itself goes away quickly. The main sign of a chronic process is vocal changes, which have various shades, ranging from minor changes to clearly marked hoarseness.

How does the disease differ in infants?

Laryngitis is especially dangerous for young children under one year old. The reasons for its appearance may be hidden in weak immunity or poorly formed respiratory organs. Very often, the disease develops as a result of an allergic reaction to impurities in the air. Runny nose, cough, hoarse cry, lethargy - these are the main signs of laryngitis in a small child.

To prevent the development of complications, urgent health care. Until the doctor arrives, it is better to keep the child in an upright position and give him to drink more often. For babies under one year old, the use of warming ointments and compresses at home is strictly contraindicated.

Treatment of laryngitis in a child in infancy should be carried out exclusively in a hospital setting so that specialists can promptly provide the necessary assistance in the event of an unforeseen attack. Therapy depends on the degree of inflammation. Children are usually prescribed physiotherapeutic procedures, medicines, inhalation.

An attack of laryngitis: what should parents do?

When the condition of a baby with such a diagnosis worsens sharply, emergency help is required. If your breathing is uneven, your cough becomes suffocating, your nasolabial triangle turns blue, you should immediately call an ambulance.

• Try to humidify the air in the room.
• Do not allow the child to lie down; in an upright position it will be easier for him to breathe.
• Distract the patient from this condition, because fear can only intensify the manifestation of symptoms.

It is possible that doctors on the spot will be able to provide effective assistance for laryngitis, that is, relieve the attack. If specialists suggest hospitalization, you should under no circumstances refuse it. Symptoms of the disease can take quite threatening forms in a short time.

The disease in young children is recognized quite simply - by visual observation of the child’s condition and behavior. If the primary symptoms of this disease appear, you should immediately seek help from a pediatrician, who will recommend effective medicine from laryngitis.

Laboratory diagnosis of the disease is not prescribed in every case, due to the condition of the child or the impossibility of use due to physiological characteristics the larynx itself. However, it helps to establish the correct diagnosis modern technologies(for example, spirometry, capnography, pulse oximetry, etc.). Devices for studying human respiratory function are minimally invasive and at the same time maximally informative, which allows you to continuously monitor the dynamics of a child’s recovery.

Additionally, a blood test may be prescribed to determine the infectious nature of the disease and prescribe effective treatment laryngitis in a child.

The development of laryngotracheitis is often provoked by false croup. This is a very life-threatening condition for the child. That is why it is not recommended to independently treat laryngitis in a baby; it is better to do it in a hospital setting. Specialists in the hospital can promptly prevent the development of swelling and suffocation. At home, you can cope with only mild forms of the disease on your own.

Treatment of laryngitis in a child is prescribed depending on the severity of the pathology. At the initial stage, it is recommended to provide the baby with complete peace and always have an adult on duty in the room. In case of the second and third degree of the disease, medical care is provided in a hospital setting. As a rule, it is prescribed complex therapy using antipyretics, antibacterial drugs and inhalations. The fourth stage requires the patient to be transferred to intensive care. When the glottis is completely closed, a trachiosome is established. The doctor makes a small incision in the neck and inserts a tube through which the child can breathe.

Only a pediatrician can determine how to treat laryngitis. As a rule, the standard treatment regimen includes the use of the following medications:

• Antihistamines to reduce swelling of the mucous membranes (Fenistil, Suprastin).
• Antibiotics (Amoxiclav, Cefix, Sumamed). They are prescribed only after an analysis confirms the presence of a bacterial environment on the laryngeal mucosa or if the disease is severe with high fever.
• Antitussives (Ambroxol).
• Expectorants (Gedelix, Herbion plantain).
• Antiviral drugs (Aflubin).

The list of drugs that are prescribed for this disease is very diverse. Only your doctor can recommend specific tablets for laryngitis. At the same time, he must take into account the general condition of the child, his age, and clinical picture. Moreover, while taking antibiotics, probiotics are additionally prescribed to normalize the flora (Bifiform, Acipol, Probifor).

Inhalations are recognized as a safe and at the same time effective method of treatment of this disease. So-called nebulizers are considered irreplaceable. These are special devices that break medicinal solutions into the smallest components, which allows them to penetrate into hard-to-reach places in the body. With this therapy, there is no irritation of the nerve endings or spasms of the vocal cords.

The following are used as solutions for inhalation:

• Soda solution.
• Mineral water (“Borjomi”, “Essentuki 17”). Mineral water perfectly relieves swelling, eliminates reflex cough, and moisturizes the bronchi.
• Decoctions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, mint, sage).
• Essential oils (eucalyptus, menthol, fir).
• Medicines (“Lazolvan”, “Sinupret”, “Tonsilgon”).

Steam inhalations for laryngitis also have a positive effect in treatment. However, this procedure should be carried out with extreme caution. When the air is extremely hot steam inhalations can intensify the inflammatory process in the larynx. In addition, therapy should not be started immediately after the child’s physical activity. During the procedure itself, you should inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nose.

How to do steam inhalation?

Pour a liter of water into a wide saucepan and add one of the above solutions and boil for several minutes. It is not at all necessary to hold the child over the steam for a long time; you can close the doors in the room tightly and stay there with the baby.

How to treat laryngitis in a child? Recipes often help to cope with this problem. traditional medicine. Please note that before such treatment it is recommended to consult a specialist. Below we list the most effective recipes:

1. Honey infusion is great for gargling. To prepare it, you need to pour a glass of boiling water over a spoonful of the sweet delicacy and boil for a minute. It is recommended to repeat rinsing four times a day.
2. A decoction of dill seeds gives a good effect. A handful of seeds must be poured with boiling water and left to steep for 40 minutes. Take this medicine for laryngitis one tablespoon six times a day.
3. Chamomile and sage are excellent anti-inflammatory agents. A decoction of a mixture of herbs is taken three times a day before meals.
4. Plantain leaves can be purchased today in almost every pharmacy. Treatment of laryngitis with folk remedies involves in this case drinking a decoction four times a day. To prepare it, pour a glass of boiling water over the plantain leaves and let it brew for one hour.
5. Cranberry + honey is a very effective and at the same time tasty medicine against this disease. The mixture should be given to children orally, a tablespoon several times a day.

All the above recipes alternative medicine, as practice shows, they really help reduce the manifestation of such unpleasant symptoms that accompany laryngitis. You can resort to their help only if the child is not allergic to certain components.

Treatment of laryngitis in a child is prescribed based on the results diagnostic examination and depending on the nature of the course and severity of the disease. If you do not neglect this problem and strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations, sputum discharge can be observed already on the third day.

How long can chronic laryngitis last? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally, since in this case everything depends directly on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the severity of the pathology itself.

Doctors' prognosis for young patients who have had to deal with laryngitis is, in most cases, favorable. After the final formation of the central nervous system and the disappearance of the loose submucosal layer, the disease, as a rule, recedes.

In this article, we have already talked about how the treatment of laryngitis in children differs. Komarovsky (a famous pediatrician) gives his recommendations on how to speed up the healing process.

The child should remain in bed until complete recovery. Proper drinking regime must be ensured. It is necessary to give more liquids to drink, and only at room temperature (fruit drinks, dried fruit compotes, warm tea without sugar). This will help somewhat soften the mucous membrane and eliminate all existing toxins from the body.

You should definitely follow a special diet. Food should be warm and not hard, the amount of salt should be kept to a minimum. It is necessary to exclude smoked/pickled foods, as well as sour and overly spicy foods. Eating dry food can have a negative impact on your well-being.

The room where the child is always present must have clean and humid air.

Is it possible to prevent chronic laryngitis? To prevent the development of the disease and avoid regular exacerbations, it is necessary to follow fairly simple preventive measures. First of all, it is recommended to closely monitor the child’s condition and be sure to treat even the mildest colds. You should minimize contact with allergens and regularly ventilate the room, thereby ensuring a flow of fresh air. Doctors strongly advise constantly strengthening the little person’s immunity. Hardening and walking in the fresh air are excellent for these purposes. You can further consult with your pediatrician on this issue.

Chronic laryngitis is usually accompanied by quite unpleasant symptoms, which causes discomfort for the small patient. Timely seeking help from a doctor allows you to get rid of this problem without serious consequences.

Laryngitis is a fairly common disease in children, which necessarily requires a qualified approach to treatment. Otherwise, the pathology may develop into a chronic form, which is accompanied by a more serious clinical picture. Treatment of laryngitis with folk remedies, as a rule, is effective in the acute form of the disease. However, you can resort to their help only after direct consultation with a specialist.

We hope that all the information presented in this article will be truly useful to you. Be healthy!

Edema with laryngitis is the most dangerous complication of this disease. Why the most formidable? This is due to the fact that as a result of swelling of the throat, the lumen of the larynx is blocked, which can lead to the inability to freely inhale air and even to suffocation, since it develops at lightning speed.

Causes of swelling of the throat with laryngitis and the main symptoms

Swelling of the throat develops as a result of an acute respiratory viral or adenoviral infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, and even as a consequence of an allergic reaction. Most often, swelling with laryngitis occurs in young children under the age of 5 years. It's connected with individual characteristics body, namely with the fact that in children the larynx is shorter and has a funnel shape. In addition, the mucous membrane is looser and has better blood and lymph supply than in adults. These factors directly contribute to rapid swelling of the larynx. Edema with laryngitis in children is also called false croup.

Parents should know the first symptoms of this disease in order to take all necessary measures in time to relieve swelling of the throat.

Laryngitis diagram.

As a rule, false croup develops at night or in the early morning. The child becomes restless and has difficulty breathing air. He tries to sit up on the pillow and pull down the collar of his pajamas. A loud barking cough appears. In some cases, the body temperature rises, but this does not always happen.

The above symptoms develop before our eyes, literally in a few hours. Therefore, you should not wait until the morning to call a doctor at home or go to the clinic. You must call immediately ambulance, since the slightest delay in this situation is fraught with bad consequences.

As a rule, if there is no way to take a breath, the child begins to panic and scream. Parents may also panic. However, you should pull yourself together, because not only the health, but also the life of your baby depends on it. First, you need to try to calm the child, because the more he cries, the more the muscles of the larynx spasm and the lumen narrows. The child simply begins to choke.

Necessary actions before the ambulance arrives

Before the ambulance arrives, every effort must be made to make the child’s breathing easier, because doctors cannot always get there quickly. There are situations when it takes quite a lot of time just to get to the patient. First of all, it is necessary to ensure that the following conditions are met:

1. Moist hot air. It is necessary to fill the bathtub or shower stall with hot water, having first closed the drain. Bring the child into the bathroom for 10-15 minutes so that he can breathe in the resulting steam. Moist air will help relieve spasms and allow the baby to breathe.
2. Antispasmodic and antiallergic agents. You can give your child medications that relieve spasm of the laryngeal muscles and reduce swelling of the mucous membrane. Among the antispasmodics, these can be no-shpa, papaverine, and among the antihistamines, tavegil or suprastin. These do not have to be the drugs listed above; you can use any products available in the house in age-specific dosages. Despite the criticality of the situation, the dosage should not be exceeded.
3. Warm alkaline drink. It is best to use Borjomi mineral water by mixing it with milk. If there is no such water in the house, you can take any alkaline water. As a last resort, add 1 tsp to the milk. regular baking soda. This will help moisten your throat and make mucus easier to clear. The drink should be warm, but not hot. You should not give your child a lot to drink at once. It is advisable to give a few spoons of drink every 5-10 minutes.
4. Clean moist air. You can use a humidifier for this. If it is not available, you should hang wet sheets or towels in the room, wash the floors, and open the windows. Alternatively, you can take the child outside, having first wrapped him up well so that he does not catch a cold.
5. Inhalations. It is advisable to carry out this procedure with saline solution or alkaline mineral water. Ideally, this should be done through a nebulizer.
6. Body position. You should not force your baby to lie horizontally in bed. The head end must be raised at least 45°.
7. Symptomatic remedies. If the body temperature is elevated, it is necessary to give antipyretics; if the nose is stuffy, vasoconstrictor drugs should be instilled.

Treatment of throat swelling due to laryngitis should be carried out only in a hospital setting, under the strict supervision of specialists.

This video talks about laryngitis:

Under no circumstances should you stay at home after an attack of false croup, even if the child’s health has stabilized and he has begun to breathe normally. Doctors must examine the patient and necessary research and prescribe adequate treatment. After all, laryngitis does not develop on its own, but is, as a rule, a consequence of an infectious or allergic disease. Therefore, treatment should not only be symptomatic, but also aimed at eliminating the root cause of laryngitis, especially in young children.

Acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx (this is laryngitis) most often occurs against the background of colds. Infectious diseases are also often prerequisites for the disease. These include whooping cough, measles and scarlet fever.

Laryngitis: etiology of the disease

Provocative factors for the development of laryngitis are also hypothermia and overheating, breathing through the mouth and breathing dirty, dusty air, overstrain of the vocal cords. As for chronic laryngitis, it is often an occupational disease. Teachers, singers and many others suffer from it.

Laryngotracheitis - in addition to inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, inflammation of the initial parts of the trachea is added, otherwise everything is the same.

Etiology of laryngitis

Symptoms

Among the symptoms of the main form - acute laryngitis:

• Dysphonia and aphonia (the voice significantly changes its characteristics or disappears completely)
• Dryness, soreness, discomfort, scratching, sensation of a foreign object in the throat
• Pain when swallowing
• Cough that changes its characteristics during the course of the disease
• Difficulty breathing (possibly even activation of accessory muscles)
• Change in skin tone (during hypoxia, the skin turns pale and becomes bluish, this is especially visible on the lips)
• The mucous membrane appears red and swollen
• Droplets of blood may leak from dilated inflamed vessels
• General condition worsens significantly, weakness appears
• Temperature rises
• The patient experiences a headache

For children, you need to know the following:

The most dangerous thing is false croup. Very similar to true croup (diphtheria of the larynx). The inflammatory process, swelling leads to a sharp narrowing of the larynx, at the same time a spasm of the glottis occurs. In the absence of timely professional medical care, the child may suffocate. To avoid death, carefully monitor the child's condition.

False croup during acute laryngitis is typical for children with exudative diathesis.

False croup is characterized by seizures. They look like this:

• More often happens unexpectedly at night when the child is sleeping
• The child wakes up very restless
• Profuse sweating
• Difficult and noisy breathing
• Lips turn blue
• Barking cough
• After 20-30 minutes the child calms down and falls asleep again
• During an attack, the temperature may rise slightly, but more often remains normal
• Seizures may recur

In addition, false croup is dangerous because it is often confused with other diseases.

Danger signs

The danger of laryngitis is difficulty breathing. In addition to swelling of the larynx, a spasm or even an abscess may develop. In some cases, the patient not only finds it difficult to breathe, he begins to choke. For this reason, loss of consciousness or coma, brain hypoxia is possible.

Pathological changes in the larynx are possible. It is possible that additional third-party ENT infections may be associated.

It is necessary to closely monitor the patient’s condition; if the disease goes beyond its classic time frame, the patient becomes worse, which means that an additional examination and consultation with the attending physician should be obtained. It is impossible to independently determine what exactly went wrong and how to treat it.

How to treat acute laryngitis:

First aid at home

The patient requires bed rest and complete ban use of voice. You can't even talk in a whisper. It is necessary to prevent the consumption of hot, cold, spicy, salty or spicy foods, and completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Symptoms are relieved by drinking plenty of warm water (milk with honey, mineral water without gas). Simultaneous treatment of the underlying disease.

If a person is sick not for the first time and knows exactly how he needs to be treated, it is permissible to limit himself to simply consulting with the attending physician.

In other cases, a full reception, examination, delivery is required necessary tests to prescribe appropriate treatment.

After communication with the doctor, treatment is prescribed that corresponds to the cause of the specific disease (antiviral and antibacterial agents. Specific drugs may be required:

• Anti-diphtheria serum, anti-syphilis drugs or anti-tuberculosis treatment.
• Anti-cough drugs, mucolytics, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory sprays, expectorant syrups, and anti-inflammatory lozenges are also prescribed as local therapy.
• Antihistamines are often prescribed.
• They also prescribe various inhalations, rinses, compresses, and drink herbal decoctions.

In special cases, surgical intervention is performed.

Children should call an ambulance at the slightest suspicion of false croup. For adults, it is necessary to call an ambulance if the person is unable to independently go to a clinic or hospital to meet with a doctor.

It is also necessary to call an ambulance if a person is choking or the general condition worsens significantly (temperature about 39 degrees, severe pain, confusion and other alarming symptoms).

How to provide first aid for laryngitis, says Dr. Komarovsky:

Prognosis: how long to treat, possible complications

With adequate treatment, the duration of acute laryngitis, as a rule, does not exceed 7-10 days. When treating a chronic form of the disease, preventive therapy and a healthy lifestyle are crucial.

Among possible complications laryngitis:

• Croup (larynx stenosis or diphtheria)
• Scar deformation of the larynx
• Attachment of bacterial or viral infections to the underlying disease
• Spread and addition of other ENT diseases (otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis and others)
• Infiltration of the epiglottis
• Abscesses

• neck muscle tension;
• feeling of a lump in the throat;
• feeling of lack of air;
• pain in the neck.

1. metallic taste in the mouth;
2. swelling of the lips and tongue;
3. dizziness;
4. fainting.

Why does throat swelling occur?

• acute tonsillo-laryngitis;
• laryngospasm;
• neck injuries;
• croup

Causative agents of epiglottitis:

1. Pneumococcus;
2. streptococci A, B and C;

1. eucalyptus leaf – 20 g;

Our specialist comments

Swelling of the throat in a child is a characteristic symptom serious illnesses, which requires urgent treatment. The mucous membrane swells, the lumen of the larynx narrows, and breathing is difficult. Swelling of the throat often occurs with laryngitis and allergic reactions. Timely treatment can prevent an extreme condition that requires emergency treatment. In this case, you should not self-medicate. You must consult a doctor immediately.

Causes

The main reason is the structural features of the respiratory organs in children.

• narrowness of the lumen, tendency to edema;
• loose connective tissue is located under the mucosa;
• peculiarity of the structure of nerve endings in the throat;
• the respiratory muscles are not developed.
• tendency to allergies;
• laryngeal injuries.

Causes of swelling are often related to food allergies. An allergy may be to honey or spices. Watch your nutrition! Fish often causes allergies in children.

Swelling can also be caused by infection: virus, bacteria. The cause may be tonsillitis, diphtheria, or any purulent rash. Timely treatment can prevent complications and prevent swelling of the throat.

Not every throat inflammation is fraught with swelling. However, to prevent complications, carefully monitor the baby’s condition and do not miss the initial stage. Under no circumstances should you panic. Parents' anxiety is passed on to their children, which can make the situation worse.

Symptoms

The symptoms are pronounced, swelling of the throat begins suddenly, often at night, is characterized by a dry, “barking” cough, and noise is observed when exhaling.

The temperature rises, the skin around the lips turns blue. Edema in children is more often called croup. Croup may be false, or it may be true. Their symptoms are very similar, but true croup occurs only with diphtheria.

Degrees

1. The appearance of shortness of breath and noise when breathing during physical activity. Same with emotional stress. This symptom should alert parents. Timely treatment can stop the progression of the disease.
2. Noisy breathing and shortness of breath are present at rest. The appearance of dry wheezing. Signs of hypoxia.
3. The sternum retracts during inhalation. Breathing becomes arrhythmic. The child is excited.
4. The condition is serious. Breathing is shallow, arrhythmic. Convulsions are possible. However, it may seem that the child is feeling better: the temperature drops and irritability “goes away.” But this impression is deceptive.

The diagnosis is made by a doctor by performing laryngoscopic examinations. The cause of the swelling is identified, which will dictate further treatment.

Treatment

Treatment at home is permissible only for the first degree. In other cases, immediate medical attention is required. The first thing mom (or dad) needs to do is call an ambulance.

First aid

Before the doctor arrives, the child needs to be seated, ensure a flow of fresh air, and try to calm him down. Make a hot foot bath and give warm drinks. These actions can improve the condition and can stop the swelling that begins. But hospitalization is not ruled out. The acute condition may return. The doctor provides intensive therapy, which is usually followed by hospitalization.

Depending on what caused the swelling, further treatment should be chosen. For allergies – eliminating exposure to the allergen and its consequences. In case of an infectious or viral disease, treatment of the disease itself. In all cases, sedative therapy is indicated. Suprastin is used among medications.

Antibiotics

Antibiotic treatment is used when their use cannot be avoided. Your doctor will help you choose an antibiotic individually. In the absence of allergies, it is permissible to use natural antibiotics: propolis (water-based) and calendula flowers. They are used both as a drink and as a rinse. In combination, the result will be better.

Folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies has always been a good help. Inhalations are effective, relieve inflammation and swelling, warm the throat, and moisturize. But you need to act very carefully. Products with strong odors may aggravate the condition. It is better to do inhalations with special solutions: saline solution or regular Borjomi.

Rinses, ointments

Anti-inflammatory herbs are suitable for rinsing: chamomile, sage. During this period, drinking should be plentiful. Teas, jelly, rice and oatmeal broth. It is very good to drink milk. You need to drink a lot of milk and preferably with soda, this mixture softens the throat.

You should not experiment with ointments; the condition may worsen. When treating children, it is not recommended to use the star balm. This balm is suitable for adults only. To warm the throat, it is enough to use dry heat on the throat.

Diet

The role of diet is significant. The presence of a large amount of vitamins is required, especially vitamin C. The food is light and dietary. Avoid fatty, sweet, spicy, too sour or salty foods. Temporarily remove all allergenic foods from the menu: honey, chocolate, citrus fruits.

Prevention

To prevent swelling of the throat from causing serious complications, prevention is needed. The child’s body is not yet formed, help him develop correctly. Don't overheat! Do not keep your child in an “incubator”. Sterilization of dishes, simple remedies care will lead to his vulnerability, inability to cope with the virus or infection.

• Read also: laryngotracheitis in a child

There is a concept called “gypsy hardening”. Treat your child wisely: when protecting, do not go too far. Train him to be resilient. Temper and strengthen your throat! There are many methods.

Nutrition should also be simple, but healthy and nutritious. Your diet should always include fermented milk products and fruits. Daily walks are required in any weather. At the onset of any disease, especially a viral one, begin reasonable treatment immediately. Take advice carefully. Listen only to those people you completely trust.

Swelling in the throat area occurs with various pathologies. Therefore, laryngeal edema in a child is treated in such a way as to eliminate the very cause of its occurrence. The severity of the process largely depends on the condition of the mucous membrane, the child’s immunity, his reaction to the disease and medications.

What are the signs of throat swelling?

The larynx is located in the front of the neck, just behind the hyoid bone. Through this inlet from the nasopharynx, air from the environment passes into the trachea, bronchi and lungs. The larynx is formed by a frame of cartilage, the largest of which is the epiglottis, which, like a petal, closes the lumen of the trachea during swallowing food and drink. Other parts of the larynx are ligaments, muscles and the vocal apparatus.

In case of inflammation or injury to the epiglottis, the entrance to the trachea narrows or is completely blocked, and acute respiratory failure develops.

Symptoms of laryngeal edema in children:

• fast, shallow, intermittent, labored breathing;
• hoarseness (if the vocal cords are affected);
• neck muscle tension;
• feeling of a lump in the throat;
• feeling of lack of air;
• pain in the neck.

The narrowness of the airways in children aged 1 to 7 years is one of the reasons for more frequent swelling of the larynx at this age. The mucous membrane is more prone than in adults to allergic reactions and swelling. The lumen of the larynx decreases by half when the mucous membrane thickens by only 1 mm.

Signs indicating the possible development of throat swelling in a child:

1. increased heart rate and irregular heartbeat, decreased blood pressure;
2. urticaria, itching, redness of the skin of the face, neck;
3. conjunctivitis and rhinitis (watery runny nose);
4. excessive sweating (“hail sweat”);
5. wheezing, chest tightness, cough;
6. swelling of the skin around the mouth, nose, and eyes;
7. metallic taste in the mouth;
8. swelling of the lips and tongue;
9. dizziness;
10. fainting.

Due to swelling of the throat, children may experience neuropsychiatric symptoms. The child becomes excited and restless. Suddenly your head begins to feel dizzy, your speech becomes slurred, and convulsions appear. In case of unfavorable development - confusion, fainting.

Why does throat swelling occur?

The most common causes of swelling of the larynx are allergic and inflammatory processes. As a result, breathing problems may occur. Obstruction or obstruction of the upper respiratory tract often accompanies angioedema in the oral cavity and larynx.

Children react to various natural factors, irritating substances in food, medicines, and inhaled air. Sometimes there is a strong rush of blood to the tissues and swelling of one organ (eyelids, lips, cheeks, palms). This enlargement of any part of the body as a result of an unusually strong reaction to familiar stimuli is called “Quincke’s edema.”

Other causes of swelling in the larynx (except allergic reactions):

• inflammation of the epiglottis involving surrounding tissues (epiglottitis);
• reaction to examining the throat with an endoscope;
• burns of the pharyngeal mucosa (chemical, thermal);
• acute tonsillo-laryngitis;
• laryngospasm;
• neck injuries;
• croup

For various infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as throat injuries, great danger for life represents the development of acute respiratory failure.

The doctor examines the child's throat and uses a laryngoscope to determine the degree of swelling in various areas. As the inflammatory process develops, the laryngeal mucosa swells and turns red; a rash appears (not always). In the area of ​​the larynx, the glottis narrows, the epiglottis thickens and the arytenoid cartilages enlarge.

Causes of lumps in the neck area

The most common cause of tumors in the front of the neck is tonsillitis. Inflamed tonsils become enlarged and feel like a lump in the throat.

Swelling under the jaw closer to the ears can be caused by infection and inflammation of the salivary glands.

The lipoma can easily move under the skin if you press lightly with your finger. It is painless and does not pose a danger in terms of oncology. Atheroma is a dense, elastic, painful tumor of the sebaceous gland on or below the neck. It is more common in adolescents who have entered puberty. The formation has clear contours and is mobile. As the tumor suppurates, the pain intensifies and the body temperature rises. When they increase The lymph nodes

, there is also pain and a lump in the throat. The causes of swollen lymph nodes are tonsillitis, dental diseases, abscesses, and mononucleosis. Enlarged lymph nodes or lymphadenitis caused by a bacterial infection can lead to serious complications - an abscess, cellulitis of the neck.

Lumps and tumors in the throat appear due to diseases of the thyroid gland. It is necessary to undergo an ultrasound of the neck and be tested for thyroid hormones. Some lumps under the skin remain the same size, others increase in volume. Some tumors in the neck area may be cancerous. Lymphoma is characterized by the spread of the malignant process to healthy lymph nodes. Carrying out differential diagnosis

in the clinic it helps to identify the initial cause of swelling in the throat.

What does the larynx look like with epiglottitis?
Causative agents of epiglottitis:

1. Pneumococcus;
2. streptococci A, B and C;
3. Inflammation of the epiglottis, as well as surrounding tissues, can cause airway obstruction. Acute epiglottitis most often develops in children aged 2 to 4 years. The disease in a child under 3 years of age usually manifests itself as irritability, fever, loss of voice, and hearing loss. The baby takes a characteristic pose: he sits, leaning forward, saliva flows from his mouth. Symptoms in adolescents include an increase in sore throat, drooling, bluish lips and shortness of breath.
4. bacterium Haemophilus influenzae;
5. yeast-like fungus of the genus Candida;

Varicella zoster virus (the causative agent of chickenpox). With the edematous form of epiglottitis, it appears strong pain in the throat when swallowing, intoxication develops. The temperature rises, the epiglottis increases in size, and the mucous membrane becomes bright red. If epiglottitis is not treated, it may develop acute obstruction

A child with symptoms of epiglottitis should not be given drugs with a sedative effect - valerian, motherwort tincture, antihistamine drops or tablets.

Acute epiglottitis is treated in the department intensive care where it is possible to provide the patient with free breathing. The patient is given antibiotics and given an intravenous infusion of saline and nutritional fluids. The child is in the hospital for a week, then he is transferred to outpatient treatment.

What should parents do if their child has laryngeal swelling?

The larynx is anatomically and functionally connected to the oral cavity, oropharynx, and laryngeal part of the pharynx. The appearance of edema in each of these sections threatens the child’s life. Narrowing or obstruction of the laryngeal opening or compression of the carotid artery by swollen tissues is dangerous. Parents are interested in how to relieve swelling in children, but it is much more important to first determine the root cause of this condition. Only a doctor will determine exactly what the child is sick with and prescribe adequate therapy.

Laryngeal edema with acute respiratory failure- a condition requiring immediate medical attention.

In acute tonsillitis, laryngitis, and colds, the temperature rises sharply. Difficulty breathing occurs, the voice becomes muffled, wheezing and coughing appear. If there are problems with breathing, the child is not given food and drink, and an ambulance is called.

Allergic swelling of the larynx is treated with antihistamines, and in severe cases with glucocorticoid drugs. With the use of these groups of drugs, the child’s condition quickly improves.

Laryngeal edema occurs with such a “forgotten” disease as croup - inflammation in the throat of an infectious nature. There are three main symptoms: stridor or noisy breathing, hoarseness, and barking cough. Most often, children aged 1–6 years suffer from croup.

For croup, the child is given valerian tincture and an ambulance is called. Treatment of laryngeal edema in a hospital involves restoring the patency of the laryngeal opening. The little patient is prescribed interferon drugs, antipyretics and antihistamines, vasoconstrictor nasal drops, and inhalations with mucolytic solutions.

Swelling of the throat in a child is a sign of serious illness. Due to the swollen mucous membrane and narrowing of the lumen of the larynx, the baby’s breathing becomes difficult. The problem often occurs with laryngitis. The main cause of edema in children is the structural features of the respiratory system:

• loose connective tissue underlying the mucosa;
• underdevelopment of the respiratory muscles;
• naturally narrow lumen, prone to edema.

Also, a swollen throat can be observed against the background of oral injuries and a tendency to allergies. Allergic edema is usually associated with the consumption of food irritants. Spices, honey, and fish pose a danger to children's throats.

The infectious nature of edema is explained by viral and bacterial damage to the body of children. Predisposing factors in this case are purulent rashes on the body, sore throat, and diphtheria. Timely treatment of these diseases quickly brings relief and prevents complications, which include swelling of the throat, which can lead to suffocation.

Symptoms accompanying laryngeal edema

Clinical symptoms associated with swelling of the throat include hoarseness, heavy breathing, and cyanosis. skin and a debilitating barking cough. Often this picture is observed at night, since breathing and laryngeal blood circulation change in the child’s sleeping body. In the respiratory tract, the laryngeal lumen narrows, the frequency and depth of inhalations and exhalations varies.

Regardless of the cause of development, laryngeal edema is divided into stages by otolaryngologists.

1. The compensation stage does not pose a threat to life due to the non-interference of edema in respiratory functions. The problem does not require specific treatment.
2. Stage of incomplete compensation. Parents notice the child has severe breathing difficulties, shortness of breath, and a severe cough. The baby becomes restless, every breath is difficult for him. As you exhale, it is easy to notice a strong retraction of the abdomen and shifts of the chest. Stage 2 swelling of the throat requires urgent medical intervention.
3. Stage of decompensation. Its characteristic symptoms are dilated pupils, rapid pulse and accelerated heartbeat. Babies prefer a semi-sitting position with their head thrown back. Oxygen deficiency affects children with drowsiness, indifference and a bluish tint to the skin.
4. Asphyxia. This is the most dangerous stage, during which the child’s face turns pale, breathing becomes shallow or stops. If left untreated, death can occur.

When parents bring a child with a swollen throat, the doctor’s task is to study the characteristics of the pathological process.

Based on the symptoms, the otolaryngologist determines whether the swelling is acute or chronic. In the first case, the disease develops suddenly and rapidly (usually due to anaphylaxis or an immediate allergic reaction). Chronic damage is registered due to internal diseases of the body, injury and infection.

Methods for diagnosing a swollen larynx

Diagnosing laryngeal problems is not difficult. The doctor is convinced of the presence of edema during a laryngoscopic examination of children. In special cases, the otolaryngologist gives the small patient referrals for bronchoscopic and x-ray examination.

As for the reasons, identifying them can be difficult. Tumors and foreign bodies may be hidden behind a swollen larynx. If the culprit of the swelling turns out to be infectious process, the doctor establishes its nature and designates the form of the disease.

The specialist speaks about the edematous form in case of viral infection of the respiratory tract. He assigns fibrinous-necrotic and infiltrative form bacterial infection. In the 2nd and 3rd cases, the narrowed lumen in children is not only swollen, but also filled with purulent mucous secretions.

Most often, preschool children become patients of a pediatric otolaryngologist, since the lumen of their larynx is not yet sufficiently expanded.

Swollen throat: how to treat a child

How to relieve swelling at home? When children's throats swell, parents must provide first aid before the doctor arrives. It is as follows:

• Increased oxygen flow through open windows.
• Providing the baby with moist air (take him to the bathroom and open a hot water tap). In warm conditions it is easier to breathe.
• Relieve irritation from the red larynx with a warm drink (tea with mint or milk with a pinch of soda).
• To resolve swelling, you can take hot foot baths or pour mustard into your socks.

If parents know for sure that the edema has developed due to chemical burn oropharynx, they must induce vomiting so that the reagent leaves the stomach. As the masses come out, children are given a little vegetable oil or egg white.

Upon arrival at the patient's home, the emergency specialist places the child in a sitting position and administers a diuretic. According to indications, treatment is supplemented with tranquilizers, sedatives and antihistamines. Some children are prescribed antihypoxants, antioxidants and drugs to treat the underlying disease.

Antibiotics for swollen oropharynx are prescribed to remove microbes. If the baby does not suffer from allergies, he is prescribed water-based propolis and a calendula preparation. They are used for internal use and rinsing. Alternating procedures will give better results.

If swelling is a symptom of an allergy, antihistamines and hormonal glucocorticosteroids - Erius, Loratadine, Kestin - are prescribed for treatment. In the clinic, specialists perform inhalations with agents to dilate the bronchi (Eufillin, Salbutamol, Terbutaline) and put on oxygen masks. Inhalations of Epinephrine and Adrenaline help stop the development of acute swelling.

The baby's red neck can be rinsed with a warm infusion, the components of which are:

1. eucalyptus leaf – 20 g;
2. sage leaf and calendula flowers - 15 g each;
3. licorice and elecampane roots, Linden blossom, wild rosemary herb and Roman chamomile - 10 g each.

A tablespoon of dry collection is placed in a bowl and doused with boiling water (180 ml). After 20 minutes of infusion, the product is ready for rinsing. The frequency of procedures depends on how much swelling there is in the mouth (minimum 3 times a day, maximum every hour and a half before bedtime).

If conservative treatment does not produce results, the dosage of drugs for the child is increased. For quick relief, Prednisolone is administered intravenously. A tracheotomy is performed on a small patient if previous measures have not brought positive dynamics. The operation involves excision of the throat with the formation of an orifice into which a special tube for breathing is inserted.

Our specialist comments

1. Remember that sudden swelling with dryness and pain in the throat is a choking hazard for children. Don’t delay visiting the doctor; take your baby to the hospital immediately.
2. An increase in the thickness of the red mucosa by only 1 mm narrows the lumen of the larynx by half and poses a threat to the child’s life.
3. Do not treat red throat at home with warm compresses or applying mustard plasters to the neck. Do not allow your child to swallow ice chips.

How to correctly diagnose ENT diseases

Parents should know that only a doctor can cope with swelling of the throat in children, so calling emergency services (by calling 103) is mandatory.

Before the arrival of doctors, the child must be given first aid. You don't know what to do if your child has a swollen throat? In order for your help to really help in this situation, carefully read the article devoted to this issue - What to do if your throat is swollen.

And the treatment undertaken by doctors for throat edema in a child from the beginning of the stage of sub- or decompensated laryngeal stenosis consists of the administration of GCS - glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone or Dexamethasone), antispasmodics (Aminophylline) and antihistamines (Diphenhydramine, Suprastin).

Medicines from the group of corticosteroids (hormones of the adrenal cortex) have strong anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergenic properties. They are practically indispensable for acute conditions and in antishock therapy.

Thus, a slow intravenous infusion of Prednisolone solution is carried out: for children under one year old - 2-3 mg per kilogram of body weight, from one year to 14 years - 1-2 mg per kilogram. The drug is administered 2 to 4 times a day for two to three days. The most common side effects of this medicine: weakness and increased drowsiness.

In addition, Prednisolone and all corticosteroids cause an immunosuppressive effect, that is, they suppress the body's defenses, and are contraindicated for acute viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, in the presence of severe infectious diseases, they can be used in emergency situations only with the continuation of specific treatment, that is, etiotropic therapy of the disease that caused the edema. So in cases of bacterial infections in a child, antibiotics must be used.

Aminophylline is an adenosinergic anti-asthma drug; it relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi, increases the frequency and strength of heart contractions and the muscles of the diaphragm, and acts as a stimulator of the respiratory center. That is why Aminophylline is used in complex emergency treatment of children with increasing swelling of the throat and decompensated laryngeal stenosis (by intravenous injections, according to the pediatric dosing schedule).

Obviously, the benefit of this medicine in saving a child from suffocation far exceeds the fact that fever and ENT infections are among its contraindications (listed in the official instructions).

And for swelling of the throat that occurs in a child suffering from influenza or measles, interferon and immunoglobulins should be used. Interferon should be instilled into the nose in the form of a solution, which is prepared from one ampoule of this drug (2 ml) and 2 ml of boiled water, heated to normal temperature bodies. The solution is administered 4-5 drops into each nostril up to five times a day. The course of treatment lasts three days.

Also, we must not forget that vitamins, especially vitamin C, increase children’s resistance to infections and contribute to faster recovery.

For swelling of the throat in cases of severe stenosis and insufficient effectiveness of medication, urgent surgical treatment is performed in the form of a tracheotomy. During this surgical intervention, the throat is incised at the level of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and a tracheotomy tube (cannula) is inserted into the resulting hole into the trachea, securing it with a bandage. This allows a child with severe throat swelling and narrowing of the larynx to breathe.

Physiotherapeutic treatment used for swelling of the throat can be carried out using procedures such as inhalation of corticosteroid aerosols, as well as solutions of adrenaline and ephedrine. It should be borne in mind that the bronchodilator Terbutaline, recommended for inhalation, is allowed to be used by children after three years of age, GSK Fluticasone - by children over 4 years of age, and Budesonide is effective only for allergic edema and is contraindicated for bacterial, viral and fungal infections of the respiratory tract.

Otolaryngologists warn that traditional treatment possible only in cases of cough, sore throat and slight swelling due to ARVI or tonsillitis - with the help of gargling with decoctions known to everyone medicinal plants(sage, calendula, chamomile or eucalyptus leaves). With symptoms indicating a narrowing of the larynx, there is a real threat to the child’s life, so it is unacceptable to rely on traditional methods.

Laryngeal edema is not a separate disease, but rather an indicative symptom that signals the development of a certain pathological process in the child’s body. Essentially, it is a symptom or result of some underlying disease. This condition requires close examination by different doctors. How to relieve laryngeal swelling in a child? Symptoms and treatment of the disease are described in the article.

Child's larynx: characteristics

Many parents confuse the larynx with the trachea, throat and pharynx. But it is worth remembering that the larynx is a part of the respiratory system, not an organ. It has a rather complex structure, and also performs important function in organism. The larynx is located on top of the trachea, about 4-6 vertebrae of the neck. Passing through the larynx, air provokes vibration of the vocal cords, thanks to which a person can produce sounds.

The larynx consists of a large amount of cartilage, ligaments, and muscle joints. Inside, this organ is covered with mucous membrane, susceptible to the harmful effects of various bacteria and viruses. laryngitis can occur regardless of age. Parents should take preventive measures to prevent the development of this condition.

What is the danger of swelling?

In childhood, laryngeal edema can cause hypoxia due to excessive narrowing of the respiratory system. This condition usually occurs in infants. In the presence of infectious, traumatic and allergic diseases, young patients may experience difficulties in breathing, which can cause anaphylaxis.

Parents must be able to promptly recognize the symptoms of this phenomenon and determine the exact causes of the development of the pathological condition. They should be able to provide first aid to their child as quickly as possible, if necessary, and also prevent swelling in the larynx. If care is provided incorrectly and untimely, acute laryngeal edema can even lead to death.

Types of edema

Laryngeal edema in children is divided into chronic and acute. With the latter type and rapid progression of the condition, a life-threatening condition can arise - hypoxia. It occurs due to excessive narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory organs in their upper parts, which will negatively affect not only the body as a whole, but also the child’s brain in particular.

Causes

A very common and identifiable cause of acute swelling of the larynx is increased sensitivity the body to various medications, foods, and insect bites. Allergic laryngeal edema in children develops very quickly and requires prompt assistance. Chronic laryngeal swelling in a child can occur not only in severe, but also in mild form, causing considerable harm to the body, often leading to various pathological processes.

Infectious diseases are also considered to be the cause of laryngeal edema in children. Microorganisms, bacteria, fungi and viruses can provoke diseases (ARVI, laryngitis, tonsillitis, influenza), which are accompanied by swelling of the larynx. They are provoked by staphylococci and streptococci, oral candidiasis.

Children may accidentally swallow foreign bodies that become lodged in the larynx or cause throat injuries. Edema in children caused by dysfunction of the thyroid gland, as well as other internal organs, occurs less frequently than in adults.

Diseases that can cause swelling of the larynx include the following:

• bacterial and viral infections: tracheitis, acute tonsillitis, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis, abscess, as well as frequently occurring colds, syphilis and tuberculosis, typhoid, measles and scarlet fever;
• allergy;
• dysfunction of organs and blood vessels.

Non-inflammatory causes of excessive swelling of the larynx are varied, and these include the development of a pathological condition due to exposure of the mucous membrane to a chemical and mechanical irritant. Another common cause is burns from hot foods or drinks.

There are diffuse and limited swelling. With the latter type of illness, the child does not experience pain, swelling is almost not noticeable, and the patient breathes normally. Diffuse edema is characterized by excessive narrowing of the larynx, as well as possible damage to the mucous membrane of the organ. In this situation, the child’s breathing becomes significantly more difficult.

Symptoms

Signs of laryngeal edema in a child will be different for individual stages of this process. Most often the condition occurs at night when the child is sleeping. This is due to altered blood circulation in the organ and breathing rate at rest.

Minimal swelling of the larynx, accompanied by respiratory diseases, can lead to a narrowing of the lumen of the organ and a disruption in the level of oxygen saturation in the body.

Edema of the larynx can in some cases develop quite rapidly, causing laryngospasm. Symptoms of this condition are usually very pronounced: the face may turn blue, the child has a sharp oxygen starvation, up to the development of asphyxia.

There are signs of intoxication of the body: the child becomes weak, he may develop headache and muscle pain, as well as nausea. He may complain of a sensation in the throat of a foreign object, the exact location of which is not possible to determine.

Diagnostics

Experienced doctor Usually it is easy to diagnose laryngeal edema by performing laryngoscopy or simply visually examining the child's larynx. Endoscopy will help to examine the larynx as much as possible. Some forms of edema can cause suffocation and others dangerous diseases respiratory organs.

Stages and forms

Depending on the severity of respiratory failure and narrowing of the larynx, doctors distinguish 4 stages of this condition, which can be accompanied by regularly increasing symptoms.

1. The first stage is characterized by persistent disorders, which, however, can be compensated by the body on its own. Laryngeal swelling will be noticeable during a routine examination, but the child will not have the characteristic hoarseness, shortness of breath, or deep “barking” cough. These symptoms may occur as a result of movement of the vocal cords due to narrowing of the organ. At this stage, the breathing process is not difficult.
2. The second stage is characterized by the fact that the child’s compensatory functions cannot fully cope with the lack of oxygen. At this stage, the child experiences restless behavior, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, frequent deep cough, wheezing, and severely impaired breathing. Exhalation is accompanied by more active muscular movements of the abdomen and sternum. It is imperative to seek medical help.
3. At the third stage, decompensation of the resulting oxygen deficiency is noted. The child's pupils dilate significantly and the heart rate increases. The child tends to sit down and be in a semi-upright position. To free up the flow of air, he can tilt his head back. There is pallor and subsequent cyanosis of the face and limbs. The condition is constantly progressing, the reaction to various stimuli and voices is weak, and due to hypoxia, a small patient may develop drowsiness and apathy. The child needs emergency medical care.
4. The fourth stage is characterized by the development of asphyxia in the child. In this case, respiratory processes stop almost completely, and the child’s skin becomes noticeably pale. It is noteworthy that this stage can develop either gradually, or appear as a result of a foreign object getting stuck in the throat, or its injury, bypassing the previous stages. The only way to improve the child’s condition is emergency medical care.

Laboratory diagnosis consists of conducting a general blood test, which reveals inflammatory changes - neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left.

Treatment of laryngeal edema in a child is aimed at restoring breathing and eliminating the causes of the developing condition. Depending on the reasons, the doctor individually chooses the treatment method.

If swelling occurs as a result of infectious diseases, medications are mainly used that will act as quickly and effectively as possible on its causative agent: antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral groups.

If swelling has an allergic etiology, it is preferable to use glucocorticosteroids, antihistamines and hormonal agents.

Depending on the child’s health condition, doctors may use inhalations with drugs that will dilate the bronchi, oxygen masks, and injections of adrenaline.

First aid for swelling of the larynx in a child

In case of development acute form pathological condition, parents, while waiting for doctors, must perform the following actions:

• Ensure that the child does not lie down: newborns should be held in arms, and older children should be seated in a chair or bed.
• Remove or at least unfasten clothing so that it does not put pressure on the child’s chest and neck area.
• Ensure maximum flow of clean air to the child - open the balcony door or window.
• Swelling of the larynx in a child may decrease due to cooling of the organ, so you can apply ice to his neck.
• If a foreign object is swallowed, it is necessary to remove it quickly, without using tweezers or fingers, so as not to push the foreign body further. The child should be placed on his stomach on his legs and lightly patted on the upper back. You can also tightly clasp your stomach with your hands and sharply press it several times.

Prevention

To prevent the development of laryngeal edema in childhood, it is necessary to regularly examine the child and constantly visit specialists. If a child does not have a tendency to develop allergies, he does not suffer from chronic infectious diseases, there is no need to take special preventive measures. In case of allergies, parents should always have antihistamines suitable for their child in their bag, following the doctor's prescription.

In an apartment or house where a child lives, preventive measures should consist of caring for him. It is important that the baby does not have access to solid foods, berries and fruits with seeds, and small objects that can get stuck in the larynx, disrupting the breathing process.

Laryngeal edema in a child may be caused by various diseases, both infectious and non-infectious in nature. Most often, the cause of the development of this condition is inflammatory diseases of the larynx, as well as allergic conditions. Compared to adult patients, children are prone to developing swelling of the throat due to the peculiarities of their anatomical development.

The baby's mucous membrane has a looser structure, which contributes to swelling. The lumen of the larynx has a narrow passage, which is also a predisposing factor for the development of the pathological process.

The larynx is involved in conducting oxygen to the underlying parts of the respiratory tract, the lungs. Narrowing of the airway as a result of edema is dangerous situation in need of acceptance emergency measures. Swelling of a child's throat can lead to difficulty breathing and suffocation. If medical care is not provided in a timely manner, the child may die.

Causes

Depending on the cause that caused the development of this condition, laryngeal edema can develop acutely or gradually. An acutely developed condition is more dangerous, since the child’s body does not have time to adapt to functioning in conditions of insufficient oxygen supply. Lightning swelling of the larynx in a child can occur as a result of the following pathological conditions:

allergy; hit foreign body into the respiratory tract.

Acute development of edema is characteristic of severe inflammatory processes, acute laryngitis, as well as complications of acute infectious diseases:

flu; diphtheria; scarlet fever; measles

It is necessary to find out the cause of the development of laryngeal edema, since it is in this case that the maximum effect of treatment measures will be achieved.

Stages of laryngeal edema

Symptoms of laryngeal edema develop quickly, sharply worsening the patient’s condition, so at the initial stage everything therapeutic effects should help improve air flow into the lungs, regardless of the cause. Treatment adjustments are made later, after the dangerous condition has resolved.

Laryngeal edema goes through several stages in its development, which is reflected in the implementation of therapeutic measures. The compensation stage is characterized by the absence of breathing problems. Clinical manifestations correspond to the course of this disease. The patient may be bothered by a dry cough, sore throat, or change in voice timbre. The existing swelling of the larynx, characteristic of various pathological processes, does not require additional therapeutic measures.

If compensation is incomplete, the patient's condition worsens. The cough intensifies, shortness of breath appears, and difficulty breathing is noted, especially when inhaling. In this case, auxiliary muscles are involved in the breathing process. The epigastric region, supraclavicular fossa and intercostal spaces are retracted. There is swelling of the wings of the nose. This stage requires urgent treatment measures. Otherwise, the disease will progress to the stage of decompensation and subsequent asphyxia, which can be fatal.

Removing a foreign body

Since the fulminant form of edema can be triggered by the entry of a foreign body into the respiratory tract, removing it will help to quickly improve the situation. This situation is more common at home, so parents should try to remove the foreign body themselves, without waiting for an ambulance to arrive.

Spasm and swelling of the larynx develop over a short time, and the well-being and health of the child will depend on the timely removal of the foreign object.

There are two ways to try to do this:

Having tilted the child, with sharp movements tap on the back between the shoulder blades; It is necessary to lean the child's back against you and wrap your arms around his stomach. Using sharp squeezing movements, try to push the foreign object out of the respiratory tract using intra-abdominal pressure.

If the measures taken are ineffective, it is necessary to perform a tracheotomy, thereby ensuring air access to the lungs.

Laryngospasm due to allergies

The development of laryngospasm as a result of allergies is supported by the child's medical history, the presence of atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. In children most often hazardous substances are food products, medicines. The process is caused by the development of a pathological antigen-antibody reaction and the production of biologically active substance histamine. In this regard, the use of antihistamines in the form of injection solutions of Pipolfen, Suprastin, Tavegil will help to quickly improve the situation.

In severe cases, corticosteroid drugs administered intramuscularly or by drip should be added to treatment. The greatest efficiency in this case is achieved when joint use antihistamines, corticosteroids and diuretics, which help remove fluid from the body and reduce swelling.

Help with inflammatory processes

The cause of the development of acute laryngeal edema in children is often inflammatory processes caused by exposure to viruses and bacteria. Complications of influenza, measles, scarlet fever and the development of laryngeal edema are indicated by a deterioration in the general condition, an increase in barking cough, the appearance of difficulty breathing, and shortness of breath. The child becomes restless, and muscle involvement in the breathing process is noted.

Since screaming and the patient’s anxiety further contribute to laryngospasm and worsening of the condition, when such signs appear, the child must be reassured. Until the ambulance arrives, parents must remain with the child at all times. It is necessary to ensure access to clean air and ventilation of the room.

Since the child’s condition can be aggravated not only by swelling of the larynx, but also by the accumulation of mucus and sputum in the respiratory tract, procedures that promote coughing will be relevant. Moist, warm air in the room will help make breathing easier. The baby can be taken to the bathroom with hot water turned on and stand there for a few minutes. Warm alkaline drinks, milk with soda, and Borjomi mineral water promote the removal of phlegm.

Compresses on the larynx area and a hot foot bath can help reduce swelling. Vasoconstrictors and local antispasmodics, Solutan and Berodual aerosols are useful in this situation. The use of antihistamines and corticosteroids also helps relieve swelling.

If after several hours no positive dynamics are noted, the child is indicated for tracheal intubation.

The child must be hospitalized in an infectious diseases or therapeutic department, having the ability to carry out resuscitation measures.

Emergency actions for diphtheria

In addition to childhood infections and ARVI, swelling of the throat in a child also develops against the background of diphtheria. Diphtheria croup can be localized, affecting only the larynx, or have a widespread form, in which the trachea, bronchi, oropharynx, and nose are involved in the process. The presence of croup is characterized by a triad of symptoms:

Diphtheria in its development goes through the stage of dysphonia, when the voice becomes silent, stenotic, in which laryngospasm develops, and asphyxia. Therapeutic measures include the use of aminophylline, diuretics, corticosteroid drugs, which can be used in the form of drops or injection solutions, as well as inhalation. A mandatory method of treatment is the administration of anti-diphtheria serum.

With any mechanism for the development of laryngospasm, or an increase in hypoxia, the child must be hospitalized in the intensive care unit, where oxygen will be administered through a nasal catheter. If the measures taken are ineffective and respiratory failure continues to develop, tracheal intubation should be performed.

With widespread croup, artificial ventilation can be performed.

Swelling in the throat area occurs with various pathologies. Therefore, laryngeal edema in a child is treated in such a way as to eliminate the very cause of its occurrence. The severity of the process largely depends on the condition of the mucous membrane, the child’s immunity, his reaction to the disease and medications.

What are the signs of throat swelling?

The larynx is located in the front of the neck, just behind the hyoid bone. Through this inlet from the nasopharynx, air from the environment passes into the trachea, bronchi and lungs. The larynx is formed by a frame of cartilage, the largest of which is the epiglottis, which, like a petal, closes the lumen of the trachea during swallowing food and drink. Other parts of the larynx are ligaments, muscles and the vocal apparatus.

In case of inflammation or injury to the epiglottis, the entrance to the trachea narrows or is completely blocked, and acute respiratory failure develops.

Symptoms of laryngeal edema in children:

fast, shallow, intermittent, labored breathing; hoarseness (if the vocal cords are affected); neck muscle tension; feeling of a lump in the throat; feeling of lack of air; pain in the neck.

The narrowness of the airways in children aged 1 to 7 years is one of the reasons for more frequent swelling of the larynx at this age. The mucous membrane is more prone than in adults to allergic reactions and swelling. The lumen of the larynx decreases by half when the mucous membrane thickens by only 1 mm.

Signs indicating the possible development of throat swelling in a child:

increased heart rate and irregular heartbeat, decreased blood pressure; urticaria, itching, redness of the skin of the face, neck; conjunctivitis and rhinitis (watery runny nose); excessive sweating (“hail sweat”); wheezing, chest tightness, cough; swelling of the skin around the mouth, nose, and eyes; metallic taste in the mouth; swelling of the lips and tongue; dizziness; fainting.

Due to swelling of the throat, children may experience neuropsychiatric symptoms. The child becomes excited and restless. Suddenly your head begins to feel dizzy, your speech becomes slurred, and convulsions appear. In case of unfavorable development - confusion, fainting.

Why does throat swelling occur?

The most common causes of swelling of the larynx are allergic and inflammatory processes. As a result, breathing problems may occur. Obstruction or obstruction of the upper respiratory tract often accompanies angioedema in the oral cavity and larynx.

Children react to various natural factors, irritating substances in food, medicines, and inhaled air. Sometimes there is a strong rush of blood to the tissues and swelling of one organ (eyelids, lips, cheeks, palms). This enlargement of any part of the body as a result of an unusually strong reaction to familiar stimuli is called “Quincke’s edema.”

Other causes of swelling in the larynx (except allergic reactions):

inflammation of the epiglottis involving surrounding tissues (epiglottitis); reaction to examining the throat with an endoscope; burns of the pharyngeal mucosa (chemical, thermal); acute tonsillo-laryngitis; laryngospasm; neck injuries; croup

With various infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as throat injuries, the development of acute respiratory failure poses a great danger to life.

The doctor examines the child's throat and uses a laryngoscope to determine the degree of swelling in various areas. As the inflammatory process develops, the laryngeal mucosa swells and turns red; a rash appears (not always). In the area of ​​the larynx, the glottis narrows, the epiglottis thickens and the arytenoid cartilages enlarge.

Causes of lumps in the neck area

The most common cause of tumors in the front of the neck is tonsillitis. Inflamed tonsils become enlarged and feel like a lump in the throat.

Swelling under the jaw closer to the ears can be caused by infection and inflammation of the salivary glands.

When the lymph nodes become enlarged, there is also pain and a lump in the throat. The causes of swollen lymph nodes are tonsillitis, dental diseases, abscesses, and mononucleosis. Enlarged lymph nodes or lymphadenitis caused by a bacterial infection can lead to serious complications - an abscess, cellulitis of the neck.

, there is also pain and a lump in the throat. The causes of swollen lymph nodes are tonsillitis, dental diseases, abscesses, and mononucleosis. Enlarged lymph nodes or lymphadenitis caused by a bacterial infection can lead to serious complications - an abscess, cellulitis of the neck.

Some lumps under the skin remain the same size, others increase in volume. Some tumors in the neck area may be cancerous. Lymphoma is characterized by the spread of the malignant process to healthy lymph nodes. Carrying out differential diagnosis in the clinic helps to identify the initial cause of swelling in the throat.

What does the larynx look like with epiglottitis?

What does the larynx look like with epiglottitis?
Causative agents of epiglottitis:

Pneumococcus; streptococci A, B and C; bacterium Haemophilus influenzae; yeast-like fungus of the genus Candida; Varicella zoster virus (the causative agent of chickenpox).

With the edematous form of epiglottitis, severe pain in the throat appears when swallowing, and intoxication develops. The temperature rises, the epiglottis increases in size, and the mucous membrane becomes bright red. If epiglottitis is not treated, acute airway obstruction occurs. Death in this case occurs within a few hours.

A child with symptoms of epiglottitis should not be given drugs with a sedative effect - valerian, motherwort tincture, antihistamine drops or tablets.

Acute epiglottitis is treated in the intensive care unit, where it is possible to ensure the patient can breathe freely. The patient is given antibiotics and given an intravenous infusion of saline and nutritional fluids. The child is in the hospital for a week, then he is transferred to outpatient treatment.

What should parents do if their child has laryngeal swelling?

The larynx is anatomically and functionally connected to the oral cavity, oropharynx, and laryngeal part of the pharynx. The appearance of edema in each of these sections threatens the child’s life. Narrowing or obstruction of the laryngeal opening or compression of the carotid artery by swollen tissues is dangerous. Parents are interested in how to relieve swelling in children, but it is much more important to first determine the root cause of this condition. Only a doctor will determine exactly what the child is sick with and prescribe adequate therapy.

Laryngeal edema with acute respiratory failure is a condition requiring immediate medical attention.

In acute tonsillitis, laryngitis, and colds, the temperature rises sharply. Difficulty breathing occurs, the voice becomes muffled, wheezing and coughing appear. If there are problems with breathing, the child is not given food and drink, and an ambulance is called.

Allergic swelling of the larynx is treated with antihistamines, and in severe cases with glucocorticoid drugs. With the use of these groups of drugs, the child’s condition quickly improves.

Laryngeal edema occurs with such a “forgotten” disease as croup - inflammation in the throat of an infectious nature. There are three main symptoms: stridor or noisy breathing, hoarseness, and barking cough. Most often, children aged 1–6 years suffer from croup.

For croup, the child is given valerian tincture and an ambulance is called. Treatment of laryngeal edema in a hospital involves restoring the patency of the laryngeal opening. The little patient is prescribed interferon drugs, antipyretics and antihistamines, vasoconstrictor nasal drops, and inhalations with mucolytic solutions.

Acute obstruction of the upper respiratory tract or laryngeal edema in children is a narrowing of the lumen of the larynx caused by various pathological conditions, manifested by breathing disorders and the development of acute respiratory failure.

From this article you will learn the main causes and symptoms of laryngeal edema in a child, and how laryngeal edema in a child is treated.

Acute upper respiratory tract obstruction in children

Acute obstruction of the upper respiratory tract is an emergency condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment of edema as early as prehospital stage.

The main causes of laryngeal edema

This condition most often occurs in children of early and preschool age due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory organs: the narrowness of the lumen of the respiratory tract, the tendency of their mucous membrane and the loose fibrous connective tissue located underneath to develop edema, features of the innervation of the larynx, which contribute to the occurrence of laryngospasm, and relative weakness of the respiratory muscles. Swelling of the mucous membrane with an increase in its thickness by 1 mm reduces the lumen of the larynx by half.

There are infectious and non-infectious causes of acute obstruction of the upper respiratory tract.

Infectious causes:

Viral infections caused by influenza and parainfluenza viruses type I (75% of cases), RSV, adenoviruses. Bacterial infections: epiglottitis, retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses, diphtheria.

Non-infectious causes: aspiration of foreign bodies, laryngeal injuries, allergic edema, laryngospasm, etc.

Forms of acute obstruction of the upper respiratory tract

Three factors play a role in the genesis of airway obstruction: laryngeal edema in children, reflex spasm of the laryngeal muscles and mechanical blockage of its lumen with an inflammatory secretion (mucus) or a foreign body (food, vomit). Depending on the etiology, the significance of these components may vary.

Based on the nature of inflammatory changes in the larynx, edematous or catarrhal, infiltrative and fibrinous-necrotic forms of stenosis are distinguished.

The edematous form most often occurs with a viral or infectious-allergic etiology; With appropriate treatment, rapid positive dynamics are observed.

Infiltrative and fibrinous-necrotic changes in the larynx are associated with the addition of a bacterial infection. With them, a significant narrowing of the lumen of the larynx is associated not only with powerful inflammatory edema of the tissues, but also with the accumulation in the lumen of the larynx of thick sticky mucus, purulent and hemorrhagic crusts, fibrinous or necrotic deposits.

The causes of acute obstruction of the upper respiratory tract are varied. In practical work to carry out adequate treatment of laryngeal edema and provide effective assistance It is important for a child to quickly differentiate them.

Croup is the cause of swelling of the larynx in a child

The most common cause of laryngeal edema in young children is inflammatory changes in the larynx of viral, bacterial and mixed bacterial-viral etiology - croup (from the Scottish croup - to croak), manifested by a triad of symptoms: stridor, barking cough, hoarseness.

Causes of croup in children

The leading cause of the development of croup is an inflammatory process in the area of ​​the subglottic space and vocal cords (acute stenotic laryngotracheitis). Breathing disorders due to narrowing of the lumen of the larynx most often occur at night, during sleep, due to changes in the conditions of lymph and blood circulation of the larynx, a decrease in the activity of the drainage mechanisms of the respiratory tract, the frequency and depth of respiratory movements. Croup due to ARVI develops in children in the first 5-6 years of life; children 1-2 years of age are most often affected (34%).

Symptoms of croup in children

The clinical picture of acute stenosis of the upper respiratory tract is determined by the degree of narrowing of the larynx, associated disturbances in respiratory mechanics and the development of acute respiratory failure.

With incomplete obstruction of the larynx, noisy breathing occurs - stridor, which is caused by intense turbulent passage of air through the narrowed airways. Inspiratory stridor usually occurs when there is narrowing (stenosis) of the larynx at or above the vocal cords and is characterized by noisy inspiration with retraction of the chest wall. Stenoses below the level of the true vocal cords are characterized by expiratory stridor with the participation of auxiliary and reserve respiratory muscles in breathing. Laryngeal stenosis in the subglottic space usually manifests as mixed, both inspiratory and expiratory, stridor. The absence of voice changes indicates the localization of the pathological process above or below the vocal cords. The involvement of the latter in the process is accompanied by hoarseness or aphonia. A hoarse, barking cough is typical of subglottic laryngitis.

Other signs and symptoms of laryngeal edema in children are nonspecific: anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis, neurovegetative disorders, etc.

Severity of laryngeal stenosis in children

Based on the severity of narrowing of the lumen of the larynx, four degrees of stenosis are distinguished, which have significant differences in the clinical picture.

Laryngeal stenosis degree I (compensated). Characteristic of laryngeal edema is the presence clinical symptoms laryngitis (“barking” cough, hoarseness of voice) against the background of ARVI. During physical activity, signs of stridor appear (slight retraction of the jugular cavity and epigastric region). There are no symptoms of respiratory failure. At rest, breathing is completely free.

Laryngeal stenosis II degree (subcompensated). Signs and symptoms of respiratory failure appear - pallor, perioral cyanosis, tachycardia. The child is excited and restless. “Barking” cough, hoarse voice, stridorous breathing with retraction of the compliant areas of the chest, participation of auxiliary muscles and flaring of the wings of the nose. Stridor is significantly reduced during sleep. The lumen of the larynx below the glottis is 1/2 narrower than normal.

Laryngeal stenosis III degree(decompensated). Symptoms of respiratory failure are expressed (cyanosis of the lips, acrocyanosis, pallor, sweating). Breathing is noisy with retraction of the compliant areas of the chest and the participation of auxiliary muscles. Auscultation of breathing is weakened, both inhalation and exhalation are difficult. Tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, muffled heart sounds, pulse deficiency. The subglottic space of the larynx is narrowed by 2/3 of normal.

IV degree laryngeal stenosis (terminal condition, asphyxia). A state of extreme severity due to respiratory failure and severe hypoxia. Breathing is shallow, arrhythmic. Symptoms of stridor and rough cough disappear, bradycardia increases. There may be disturbances of consciousness and seizures. Bradycardia, decreased blood pressure. The diameter of the lumen of the larynx is reduced by more than 2/3 of normal.

Severe and prolonged hypoxia can lead to irreversible changes in the central nervous system and internal organs. In the blood, paCO2 increases sharply (up to 100 mm Hg or more), pa02 decreases to 40 mm Hg. and below. Death occurs from asphyxia.

Diagnosis of croup in children

The diagnosis of croup syndrome or acute stenosing laryngotracheitis is made on the basis of the appearance of a triad of symptoms against the background of ARVI: a rough “barking” cough, hoarseness and stridor breathing with retraction of the compliant areas of the chest and the participation of auxiliary muscles in breathing. In some cases, direct diagnostic laryngoscopy has to be used for diagnosis.

Treatment of croup in children

Treatment of laryngeal edema as a result of croup should be aimed at restoring the patency of the larynx: reducing or eliminating spasm and swelling of the mucous membrane of the pathological process above or below the vocal cords. The involvement of the latter in the process is accompanied by hoarseness or aphonia. A hoarse, barking cough is typical of subglottic laryngitis.

Patients are subject to hospitalization in a specialized or infectious diseases hospital if it has an intensive care unit, but treatment should begin at the pre-hospital stage.

The child should not be left alone; he must be calmed down and picked up, since forced breathing during anxiety or screaming increases the symptoms of stenosis and the feeling of fear. You can prescribe a 5% solution of sodium bromide, tincture of valerian and motherwort.

Treatments for laryngeal edema in children

Along with etiotropic (interferon, anti-influenza gammaglobulin) and symptomatic (antipyretic drugs, etc.) treatment of ARVI in case of stenosis of the first degree, in order to reduce swelling of the laryngeal mucosa and more effectively remove pathological secretions from its lumen, hot compresses are indicated on the area of ​​the larynx, hot baths for hands and feet. In the absence of high fever and hemodynamic disorders, a general hot bath with a water temperature of 39-40 ° C is indicated for treatment. Ozocerite “boots” can be used as a distraction.

Effective coughing up of phlegm is also facilitated by the creation of an atmosphere of high humidity in the room where the child is located (the “tropical atmosphere” effect), steam and soda or alkaline oil inhalations. A warm drink is indicated (hot milk with soda or Borjomi). Expectorant and mucolytic drugs administered orally or by inhalation help thin and remove mucus from the respiratory tract. You can strengthen the cough reflex by pressing with a spatula on the root of the tongue.

Considering the significant participation of the infectious-allergic component in the development of croup, it is advisable to include antihistamines in the complex of therapeutic measures.

In order to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and relieve spasm, local vasoconstrictor drugs and antispasmodics are used. The use of iprotropium bromide and berodual is also recommended for these purposes.

For II degree laryngeal stenosis, glucocorticoids in the form of inhalations should be added to the complex of measures: hydrocortisone, budesonide through a nebulizer, fluticasone (flixotide), etc. According to indications, parenteral administration of prednisolone is possible.

In case of third degree stenosis, treatment of laryngeal edema is recommended to be carried out in the intensive care unit using a steam-oxygen tent, which should receive antispasmodic, mucolytic and other drugs. When a child is suddenly excited, sodium hydroxybutyrate and droperidol are used. Prescription of antibacterial drugs is mandatory. Aspiration of sputum from the respiratory tract is performed using an electric suction.

In case of significant respiratory impairment, insufficient effectiveness of the therapy (12 hours for grade II stenosis and 6 hours for grade III stenosis), nasotracheal intubation is indicated after preliminary sanitation direct laryngoscopy.

IV degree stenosis requires resuscitation measures, intensive syndromic therapy and is an absolute indication for prolonged nasotracheal intubation or, if impossible, tracheotomy.

Diphtheria of the larynx in a child

Symptoms of diphtheria of the larynx are most often combined with manifestations of this infection in another localization (diphtheria of the pharynx or nose), which often facilitates diagnosis. The main differences between diphtheria of the larynx and laryngeal edema (croup), which developed against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, are the gradual onset and stability of the course with an increase in symptoms. The voice with diphtheria of the larynx is persistently hoarse with the gradual development of aphonia.

In the treatment of laryngeal diphtheria, along with measures aimed at restoring airway patency, it is necessary to urgently administer anti-diphtheria serum to the child using the Bezredko method in a dose of 40-80 thousand IU per course of treatment, depending on the form of the disease.

Allergic laryngeal edema in children

Allergic edema of the larynx is not always possible to distinguish from croup of an infectious nature only by clinical signs. Symptoms of allergic edema of the larynx develop under the influence of any antigen of inhalation, food or other origin ( anaphylactic reaction). There are no specific guidelines for ARVI. Fever and intoxication are uncharacteristic. In the anamnesis of these children, as a rule, there is information about certain allergic manifestations: atopic dermatitis, Quincke's edema, urticaria, etc. When laryngeal edema is treated with antihistamines, and in severe cases with glucocorticoids, rapid positive dynamics of stenosis occurs.

Laryngospasm is the cause of laryngeal edema in children

Laryngospasm occurs mainly in children of the first 2 years of life against the background of increased neuromuscular excitability, with manifestations of current rickets with a tendency to tetany. Clinically, laryngeal spasm is manifested by the unexpected occurrence of difficulty in inhaling with a characteristic sound in the form of a “cock crow”, accompanied by fear, anxiety, and cyanosis.

Treatment of laryngeal edema: mild attacks of laryngospasm are relieved by spraying the child’s face and body cold water. You should try to induce a gag reflex by pressing on the root of the tongue with a spatula or spoon, or provoke sneezing by irritating the mucous membrane of the nasal passages with a cotton swab. If there is no effect, diazepam should be administered intramuscularly, and a 10% solution of calcium gluconate or chloride should be administered intravenously.

Epiglottitis is the cause of laryngeal edema in children

Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis and adjacent areas of the larynx and pharynx, most often caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The clinical picture is characterized by high fever, sore throat, dysphagia, muffled voice, stridor and respiratory failure of varying severity. Palpation of the larynx is painful. When examining the pharynx, a dark cherry color of the root of the tongue, its infiltration, swelling of the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages that close the entrance to the larynx are detected. The disease progresses rapidly and can lead to complete closure of the lumen of the larynx.

At the prehospital stage, it is optimal to inject ampicillin or the antibiotic cephalosporin as early as possible. Transporting a child to a hospital for treatment of edema is carried out only in a sitting position. Taking sedatives should be avoided. It is necessary to be prepared for tracheal intubation or tracheotomy.

Retropharyngeal abscess in children

Most often, retropharyngeal abscess occurs in children under three years of age. It usually develops against the background of or after an acute respiratory viral infection. The clinical picture is dominated by symptoms of intoxication, severe fever, sore throat, dysphagia, stridor, and drooling. There is no barking, rough cough or hoarseness of voice. Coughing is difficult due to severe pain in the throat. The child often takes a forced position with his neck straightened. Examination of the pharynx presents significant difficulties due to the child’s severe anxiety and inability to open his mouth. Sedation is used for examination.

Treatment is not carried out at the prehospital stage. Urgent hospitalization is required surgery department. In the hospital, the abscess is opened and drained while receiving antibiotic therapy.

Foreign bodies of the larynx and trachea in children

Foreign bodies of the larynx and trachea are the most common reason asphyxia in children. Unlike croup, aspiration occurs unexpectedly against the background of apparent health, usually while the child is eating or playing. A coughing attack appears, accompanied by suffocation. The clinical picture of laryngeal edema depends on the level of airway obstruction. The closer to the larynx the foreign body is located, the greater the likelihood of developing symptoms of asphyxia. This location of the foreign body is usually accompanied by the appearance of laryngospasm. The child is scared and restless. During auscultation, you can sometimes hear a popping sound, indicating the release of a foreign body.

How to remove a foreign body from the throat?

After examining the oral cavity and entering the larynx, attempts are made to remove the foreign body by mechanically “knocking out” it.

A child under 1 year of age is placed face down with the head end down 60°. With the edge of the palm they give him short blows between the shoulder blades.

In children older than one year, sharp pressure with the hand on the abdomen from the midline inward and upward (at an angle of 45°) can be effective.

In older children, blows to the back are alternated with sharp compression of the abdomen, clasping the child with the arms from behind (Heimlich maneuver).

If attempts to remove a foreign body using mechanical techniques are ineffective, the issue of urgent intubation or tracheotomy should be resolved.